Beruflich Dokumente
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that <name> of class XII has
satisfactorily completed the project on LOGIC
GATES under the guidance of <teachers
name>during the session 2013-2014.
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VALUED BY
TEACHER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
PRINCIPAL
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DATE:
ACKNOWLEDGME
NT
I'd like to express my greatest gratitude to the
people who have helped & supported me
throughout my project. I m grateful to our
schools PHYSICS faculty
I thank <teachers name> for her continuous support
for the project, from initial advice &
encouragement to this day. Special thanks of
mine goes to my colleagues who helped me in
completing the project by giving
necessary
information on the apparatus used in this
experiment, made this project easy and
accurate.
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me.
CONTENT
Introduction
Experiment
1. Aim
10
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2. Apparatus
3. Theory
10
11
4. Procedure
16
5. Circuits Prepared
22
6. Observations
24
7. Result
26
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Bibliography
27
INTRODUCTION
Logic Gates:
A gate is a digital circuit that follows curtain logical
relationship between the input and output voltages.
Therefore, they are generally known as logic gates
gates because they control the flow of information.
The five common logic gates used are NOT, AND, OR,
NAND, NOR. Each logic gate is indicated by a symbol and
its function is defined by a truth table that shows all the
possible input logic level combinations with their
respective output logic levels.
Truth tables help understand the behavior of logic gates.
(i)
This is the most basic gate, with one input and one output.
Produces a 1 output if the input is 0 and vice-versa. That
is, it produces an inverted version of the input at its output.
Y=A
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(ii) OR Gate
An OR gate has two or more inputs with one output. The
output Y is 1 when either input A or input B or both are 1s,
that is, if any of the input is high, the output is high.
Y=A OR B(A+B)
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
Y=A AND
B(A.B)
0
0
0
1
0
0
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1
1
0
1
0
1
Circuit diagrams
AND GATE
NOT GATE
OR GATE
Experiment
AIM
To design and simulate basic
logic gates and to design an
appropriate logic gate
combination for a given truth
table.
APPARATUS
A project board
Two N4007 diodes
Two LED
A 9v battery with a connector
THEORY
+
B
2. AND Gate
A
A.B
B
The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives high
output only if all inputs are high
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
3.
NOT
Gate
A
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
0
1
PROCEDURE
100 resistors
CONSTRUCTION: An AND gate can be realized
HIGH
DESIGN OF OR GATE
100 resistors
CONSTRUCTION: An OR gate can be realized by
connecting the diodes as shown in the figure. Here also
there is a need for a 100 resistor in series with LED
resistors.
CONSTRUCTION: not gate circuit can be realized by
connecting an NPN transistor as shown in the figure. The
base of the transistor is connected to the input through
resistance of 560 and emitter is connected to the negative
Y=A.B
<Distributive law>
= (X+Y)(Y+Y)
<Distributive law>
= X+Y
<law of complements>
= (XY)
<DeMorgans theorem>
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
High line
Ground
Circuits
Prepared:-
AND gate
OR gate
NOT gate
NAND gate
1.
OBSERVATION
S
2.
Stimulation of OR gate
The following conclusions can be easily drawn from the
working of electrical circuit:
a) If both switches are open (A=0, B=0) then LED will
not glow, hence Y=0.
b) If Switch one switch is open and the other is closed
(A=1, B=0 or A=0, B=1) then LED will glow, hence
Y=0.
c) If switch A & B both closed (A=1, B=1) then LED wi
ll glow,
Hence Y=1.
3.
b) If Switch A is closed (i.e. A=1), the LED will not glow, hence Y=0.
4.
Re
sul
t:
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Wikipedia
Encarta