Beruflich Dokumente
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SCIENTIFIC
MEASUREMENT
OBJECTIVES
Define Measurement.
Discuss the History of
Measurement.
Name the two systems of
measurement.
Convert one unit to another.
WHAT IS MEASUREMENT?
A process of expressing the size or quantity of
an object in terms of a known standard unit.
An essential tool in science.
A process of finding out how many times an
unknown quantity is contained in a standard.
A comparison of quantity to a standard.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS
How does
started?
measurement
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS
Using your own body, determine:
Length of the table;
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE CUBIT
A cubit is the distance from your elbow to the
tip of your middle finger.
used by Egyptians for
building pyramids (2750
B.C.)
Example: Khufu Pyramid
at Gizeh in Egypt.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
Example: Khufu Pyramid at Gizeh in Egypt.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE SPAN
A span is the distance
between the thumb and
the little finger while the
hand is outstretched.
used to
measure the
height of
horses.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE FATHOM
is the measure from
fingertip to fingertip when
your arms are stretched
sideways as far as they
will go.
used by seamen to
measure the depth of
water so that boats would
not run aground and be
stranded.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE PACE
is the measure of distance
from one step to another.
This term was used by the
Roman army to judge speed.
The term is still used
frequently during various
types of foot races.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE FOOT
A measurement equal to the length of an
individuals foot.
King Henry 1
standardized this
measurement,
because his foot
was 12 inches
long.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE PALM
The palm is the
width of your four
fingers when they
are placed together.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
18th Century- dozens of different units of measurement
were commonly used throughout the world.
1790- the French National Assembly commissioned the
Academy of Science to design a simple decimal-based
system of units. The system they devised is known as
the metric system
1960- the metric system was officially named the
Systme International d'Units (or SI for short) and is
now used in nearly every country in the world.
Imperial system
Metric system
Imperial system
Standard Systems are based on some standard
to measure against.
Early standard systems often used body parts
of the king or ruler as the standard distance.
When the king died, a new measurement
system would be created.
Imperial System
- more complicated
- does not work in multiples of ten.
- commonly uses weight rather
than mass.
Imperial System
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
1760 yards = 1 mile
1 league = 3 miles
6 feet = 1 fathom
22 yards = 1 chain
Imperial System
- Weight
refers to the gravitational
pull of an object.
- Mass
refers to the amount of matter in
an object.
Imperial System
- Weight refers to the gravitational
pull of an object.
Q: Which of the two apple is lighter,
the one on the moon? Or the one
thats on the earth?
Imperial System
- Mass refers to the amount of
matter in an object.
Q: Which of the two apple is
heavier, the one on the moon? Or
the one thats on the earth?
Imperial System
Base units:
Length- inches (in), feet (ft),
yards and miles
Time- seconds (s), hours (hr), days
(d), weeks and years (yr)
Imperial System
Base units:
Weight- pounds (lb)
Temperature- Fahrenheit (F)
Metric System
- SI unit (International system).
- the most common system of
measurements in the world.
- easy to use because it is based on
the units of ten.
Metric System
In 1799, Napoleon commissioned a survey to find
the length from the equator to the North Pole.
One ten-millionth of this distance was defined as a
metre.
Conversions from one unit to another were all done
by factors of 10.
Metric Conversions
1000
kilo
g
m
L
100
hecto
10
deka
Base
unit
1
0.1
.01
deci
centi
18 L
.001
milli
Metric System
Base units:
Length- meter (m)
Time- second (s)
Mass- gram (g)/ kilogram (kg)
Temperature- Kelvin (k)/ Celsius (C)
2 kinds of units
Base units
Examples
-kilogram (kg)
-meter (m)
-second (s)
-Kelvin (K)
-mole (mol)
-ampere (A)
2 kinds of units
Derived units
- combinations of base units.
- cannot be measured directly
Examples:
volume, area, density, speed,
acceleration
2 kinds of units
Derived units
Area- is derived from the units of
linear measure.
A= l x w
THE END.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
GOD BLESS
CONVERSION FACTORS
HOW TO GO FROM ONE UNIT
TO ANOTHER?
Conversion is a process of converting one
unit to another.
Dimensional analysis- involves in
determining :
What units a problem is given.
What units the answer should be.
What factor to be used to make the conversion from
one unit to another.
CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
1. Form a unit or unity fraction. Find the basic
relationships between the units.
2. Using this basic relationship put the units you want in
the answer in the numerator of the fraction.
3. Put the units you want to get rid of (are converting
from) in the denominator.
4. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.
5. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be
left with the units you want.
CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:
1 yard
3 feet
CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
3. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.
1 yard
12 feet x
3 feet
CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
4. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be
left with the units you want.
1 yard
12 feet x
= 4 yards
3 feet
CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:
3000 km . m
=
1 km
3000 km . m
km
km
= 3000 m
CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:
Convert kilometer/hour to meter/second
Do in two stages: km/h m/h and m/h m/s
Convert km/h to m/h
1 km
1000 m
1000 km . m
1000 m
x
=
=
h
1 km
h . km
h
Convert m/h to m/s
1000 m
1h
1000 m . h
1000 m
x
=
=
= 0.2777... m/s
h
3600 s
3600 h . s
3600 s
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Length
Find the correct conversion number (Conversion
Charts)
Then multiply by that number
Example: Convert 3 feet into meters.
1 feet = 0.30 m
3 ft = 3 0.30 m = 0.9 m
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Length
Find the correct conversion number (Conversion
Charts)
Then multiply by that number
Example: Convert 5 kilometers into miles.
1 kilometers = 0.62 mile
5 0.62 = 3.1 miles
5 km = 3.1 miles
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Area
A= Lx W
convert once for the length and once again for the
width.
Example: Convert 1 square yard into square feet.
1 yd = 3 ft
Result is 3 3 = 9
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
V = Lx W x H
convert once for the length and once again for the
width and once more for the height.
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
Example : Convert 1 cubic yard into cubic feet.
1 yd = 3 ft
3 3 3 = 27.
There are 27 cubic feet
in a cubic yard.
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
Example : Convert 30 cubic feet into cubic meters (30
ft3 to m3)
1 ft = 0.30 m
30 0.30 0.30 0.30= 0.81
So, 30 ft3 = 0.85 m3
Conversion of Length
CONVERSION TABLE
1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile (mi)
1 centimeter (cm) = 0.39 inch (in) 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeter (cm)
1 liter (L) = 0.26 gallon (gal)
CONVERSION TABLE
Length
Time
Volume
1 teaspoon = 4.9
milliliters
60 seconds (sec) = 1
minute (min)
60 minutes (min) = 1
hour (hr)
Weight
7 days = 1 week
52 weeks = 1 year
TRY IT OUT!
48 in = ______ ft
6 qt = ______ gal
5 hr = ______ sec
3,000 lb = ______ ton
1320 ft = ______ mile
525 m = ______km
1500 mm = ______m
69 cm = _______m
0.25 km = ______ cm
Emma is 66 inches tall. How tall is she in feet?
A mouse weighs 1.3 oz. How much does it weight
in pounds?