Therefore if any man be in

Christ, he is a new creature:

old things are passed away;
behold, all are become new.
2 Corinthians 5:17

SCIENTIFIC
MEASUREMENT

OBJECTIVES
Define Measurement.
Discuss the History of
Measurement.
Name the two systems of
measurement.
Convert one unit to another.

WHAT IS MEASUREMENT?
A process of expressing the size or quantity of
an object in terms of a known standard unit.
An essential tool in science.
A process of finding out how many times an
unknown quantity is contained in a standard.
A comparison of quantity to a standard.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS

How does
started?

measurement

How do people long time

ago measure objects?

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS
Using your own body, determine:
Length of the table;

- using the distance from your elbow to

the tip of your middle finger.
- the distance between the thumb and the
little finger while the hand is outstretched.
Length of chalkboard;

- using the width of the closed hand.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE CUBIT
A cubit is the distance from your elbow to the
tip of your middle finger.
used by Egyptians for
building pyramids (2750
B.C.)
Example: Khufu Pyramid
at Gizeh in Egypt.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
Example: Khufu Pyramid at Gizeh in Egypt.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE SPAN
A span is the distance
between the thumb and
the little finger while the
hand is outstretched.

used to
measure the
height of
horses.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE FATHOM
is the measure from
fingertip to fingertip when
your arms are stretched
sideways as far as they
will go.
used by seamen to
measure the depth of
water so that boats would
not run aground and be
stranded.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE PACE
is the measure of distance
from one step to another.
This term was used by the
Roman army to judge speed.
The term is still used
frequently during various
types of foot races.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE FOOT
A measurement equal to the length of an
individuals foot.
King Henry 1
standardized this
measurement,
because his foot
was 12 inches
long.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE PALM
The palm is the
width of your four
fingers when they
are placed together.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
18th Century- dozens of different units of measurement
were commonly used throughout the world.
1790- the French National Assembly commissioned the
Academy of Science to design a simple decimal-based
system of units. The system they devised is known as
the metric system
1960- the metric system was officially named the
Systme International d'Units (or SI for short) and is
now used in nearly every country in the world.

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEMS

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial system
Metric system

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial system
Standard Systems are based on some standard
to measure against.
Early standard systems often used body parts
of the king or ruler as the standard distance.
When the king died, a new measurement
system would be created.

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System
- more complicated
- does not work in multiples of ten.
- commonly uses weight rather
than mass.

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
1760 yards = 1 mile
1 league = 3 miles
6 feet = 1 fathom
22 yards = 1 chain

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System
- Weight
refers to the gravitational
pull of an object.
- Mass
refers to the amount of matter in
an object.

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System
- Weight refers to the gravitational
pull of an object.
Q: Which of the two apple is lighter,
the one on the moon? Or the one
thats on the earth?

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System
- Mass refers to the amount of
matter in an object.
Q: Which of the two apple is
heavier, the one on the moon? Or
the one thats on the earth?

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System
Base units:
Length- inches (in), feet (ft),
yards and miles
Time- seconds (s), hours (hr), days
(d), weeks and years (yr)

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System
Base units:
Weight- pounds (lb)
Temperature- Fahrenheit (F)

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Metric System
- SI unit (International system).
- the most common system of
measurements in the world.
- easy to use because it is based on
the units of ten.

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Metric System
In 1799, Napoleon commissioned a survey to find
the length from the equator to the North Pole.
One ten-millionth of this distance was defined as a
metre.
Conversions from one unit to another were all done
by factors of 10.

Metric Conversions
1000

kilo

g
m
L

100

hecto

10

deka

Base
unit
1

0.1

.01

deci

centi

18 L

18 liters = 18 000 milliliters

Example #1: Convert 18 liters to milliliters

.001

milli

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Metric System
Base units:
Length- meter (m)
Time- second (s)
Mass- gram (g)/ kilogram (kg)
Temperature- Kelvin (k)/ Celsius (C)

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

2 kinds of units
Base units
Examples
-kilogram (kg)
-meter (m)
-second (s)

-Kelvin (K)
-mole (mol)
-ampere (A)

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

2 kinds of units
Derived units
- combinations of base units.
- cannot be measured directly

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?
Derived units

Examples:
volume, area, density, speed,
acceleration

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?
Derived units
Volume- is a measure of how much
space an object can occupy.
V= l x w x h

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?
Derived units
Density- is a physical property of
matter. A measure of the amount of
matter contained in a given
volume.

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

2 kinds of units
Derived units
Area- is derived from the units of
linear measure.

A= l x w

THE END.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
GOD BLESS

QUIZ: In a sheet of paper, write the correct answer to the following:

1. A comparison of a quantity to a standard is called _______.
2. ________ measure on how much a space an object can
occupy.
3-4 Give the two systems of measurement.
5. It refers to the amount of matter in an object.
6. ________ a measure of distance from one step to another.
7. Refers to the gravitational pull of an object.
8. What is the name of the King who standardized the
measurement of Foot?
9. In what system does conversions from one unit to another
were all done by factors of 10?
10. What measurement long ago was use in measuring the
height of a horse?

QUIZ: In a sheet of paper, write the correct answer to the following:

1. A comparison of a quantity to a standard is called measurement.
2. Volume measure on how much a space an object can occupy.
3-4 Give the two systems of measurement. Metric & Imperial
5. It refers to the amount of matter in an object. Mass
6. Pace a measure of distance from one step to another.
7. Refers to the gravitational pull of an object. Weight
8. What is the name of the King who standardized the
measurement of Foot? King Henry I
9. In what system does conversions from one unit to another were
all done by factors of 10? Metric
10. What measurement long ago was use in measuring the height
of a horse? Span

CONVERSION FACTORS
HOW TO GO FROM ONE UNIT
TO ANOTHER?
Conversion is a process of converting one
unit to another.
Dimensional analysis- involves in
determining :
What units a problem is given.
What units the answer should be.
What factor to be used to make the conversion from
one unit to another.

CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
1. Form a unit or unity fraction. Find the basic
relationships between the units.
2. Using this basic relationship put the units you want in
the answer in the numerator of the fraction.
3. Put the units you want to get rid of (are converting
from) in the denominator.
4. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.
5. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be
left with the units you want.

CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:

Convert 12 feet to yards.

1. Form a unit or unity fraction and find the basic relationships
between the units.
The basic relationship is 3 feet= 1 yard
2. The units we want in the answer are yards, so they go into
the numerator. The units of feet are in the denominator.

1 yard
3 feet

CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
3. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.

1 yard
12 feet x

3 feet

CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
4. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be
left with the units you want.

1 yard
12 feet x

= 4 yards
3 feet

CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:

Convert 3 kilometers to meter.

1 kilometer = 1000 meter
1000 m
3 km x

3000 km . m
=

1 km
3000 km . m
km

km
= 3000 m

CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:
Convert kilometer/hour to meter/second
Do in two stages: km/h m/h and m/h m/s
Convert km/h to m/h
1 km
1000 m
1000 km . m
1000 m
x
=
=
h
1 km
h . km
h
Convert m/h to m/s
1000 m
1h
1000 m . h
1000 m
x
=
=
= 0.2777... m/s
h
3600 s
3600 h . s
3600 s

CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Length
Find the correct conversion number (Conversion
Charts)
Then multiply by that number
Example: Convert 3 feet into meters.
1 feet = 0.30 m
3 ft = 3 0.30 m = 0.9 m

CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Length
Find the correct conversion number (Conversion
Charts)
Then multiply by that number
Example: Convert 5 kilometers into miles.
1 kilometers = 0.62 mile
5 0.62 = 3.1 miles
5 km = 3.1 miles

CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Area
A= Lx W
convert once for the length and once again for the
width.
Example: Convert 1 square yard into square feet.
1 yd = 3 ft
Result is 3 3 = 9

CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
V = Lx W x H
convert once for the length and once again for the
width and once more for the height.

CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
Example : Convert 1 cubic yard into cubic feet.
1 yd = 3 ft
3 3 3 = 27.
There are 27 cubic feet
in a cubic yard.

CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
Example : Convert 30 cubic feet into cubic meters (30
ft3 to m3)
1 ft = 0.30 m
30 0.30 0.30 0.30= 0.81
So, 30 ft3 = 0.85 m3

Conversion of Length
CONVERSION TABLE
1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile (mi)

1 mile (mi) = 1.61 kilometer (km)

1 meter (m) = 1.09 yard (yd)

1 yard (yd) = 0.91 meter (m)

1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft)

1 feet (ft) = 0.30 meter (m)

1 centimeter (cm) = 0.39 inch (in) 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeter (cm)
1 liter (L) = 0.26 gallon (gal)

1 gallon (gal) = 3.79 liter (L)

1 liter (L) = 1.06 quart (qt)

1 quart (qt) = 0.95 liter (L)

1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pound (lb)

1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg)

1 gram (g) = 0.035 ounce (oz)

1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 gram (g)

CONVERSION TABLE
Length

Time

Volume
1 teaspoon = 4.9
milliliters

12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft)

60 seconds (sec) = 1
minute (min)

3 feet (ft) = 1 yard (yd)

60 minutes (min) = 1
hour (hr)

1 cup = 237 milliliters

5,280 feet (ft) = 1 mile (mi)

24 hours (hr) = 1 day

1 pint = 473 milliliters

Weight

7 days = 1 week

1 quart = 0.9 liters

16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound

(lb)

52 weeks = 1 year

1 gallon = 3.79 liters

2,000 pounds (lb) = 1 ton

TRY IT OUT!
48 in = ______ ft
6 qt = ______ gal
5 hr = ______ sec
3,000 lb = ______ ton
1320 ft = ______ mile
525 m = ______km
1500 mm = ______m
69 cm = _______m
0.25 km = ______ cm
Emma is 66 inches tall. How tall is she in feet?
A mouse weighs 1.3 oz. How much does it weight
in pounds?