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NaOH
Na2CO3
NaOH + Na2CO3
xNaOH =
100%
100%
2
2. Back-titration the mixture of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
The technique takes advantage of the limited solubility of barium carbonate in neutral and basic
solutions. The presences of solid barium carbonate not hamper end-point detection in this method.
Carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions can be accurately determined in mixtures by first
titration both ions with standard acid to an end point with an acid-range indicator as methyl orange.
The hydrogen carbonate in a second aliquot is converted to carbonate by the addition of a known
excess of standard base. An unmeasured excess of neutral barium chloride solution to precipitate
barium carbonate, following which the hydroxide ion residue is titrated to a phenolphthalein end
point.
Titration with hydrochloric acid to a methyl orange end point (Vmo):
NaHCO3 + HCl = NaCl + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
Conversion the hydrogen carbonate ion to carbonate ion in a second aliquot:
NaHCO3 + NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O
excess
xNa2CO3 =
M.m. Na2CO3 = 105.989;
100%