Structure and Function Chapter 8 Nervous System for Final

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1.

2 Functions of the
Autonomic Nervous System
are..

Regulate the bodys

involuntary functions, Helps
restore Homeostasis

17.

Axons that release

acetylcholineaer classified as
what?

Cholinergic Fibers

2.

3 Thinsg in the brain stem..

Medulla Oblongata, Pons,

Midbrain

18.

Andrenegic Fibers

3.

5 Parasympathetic
Controls...

Constricts pupils, increases

secreation of digestive juices,
slows heartbeat, increases
peristalis, stimulates lens for
near vision

Axons that release

noreppinephrine are classified as
what?

19.

The Branching projection of

neuron

Dendrite

20.

Bundles of Axons located in the

CNS are called

Tracts

21.

Carries messages to and from the

brain to the rest of the body and
mediates reflexes

Spinal Cord

22.

Cells that act as microbe-eating

scavengers in theCNS

Microglia

23.

Cells that make myelin for axons

inside the CNS

Oligodendrocyte

24.

Cells that make myelin for axons

outside the CNS

Schwann Cells

25.

A cerebrovascular accident is
commonly referred to as what?

A Stroke

26.

Cholinergic Fibers result in the

release of what?

Acetylcholine

27.

These Conduct impulse AWAY

from the cell body..

Axons

28.

Conduct impulses between the

spinal cord and ganglion

Preganglionic Neurons

29.

These conduct impulses from

sensory neurons to motor
neurons

Interneurons

30.

These conduct impulses TOWARD

the cell body..

Dendrites

31.

Contraction of a muscle that

causes it to pull away from an
irritating stimulus is know as the
what?

Withdrawl Reflex

32.

Corpus Callosum=

Cerebrum

33.

Cranial Nerves are associated

with what?

12 pairs, Vagus, Optic

34.

Decending tracts conduct

impluses where?

Down the cord from the

brain

35.

Dendrites and cell pbodies of

sympathetic preganglionic
neurons are located in the

Gray matter of the

thoracic and upper
lumbar segments of the
spinal cord

36.

Divison of ANS

Sympathetic System

4.

5.

5 Parts of the Neuroglia..

5 Sympathetic Controls..

Special type of supporting cell,

Astrocytes, Forms the myelin
sheath around central nerve
fibers, Phagocytosis, Multiple
Sclerosis
Produces goose pimples,
increases sweat secreation,
constricts blood vessels,
relaxes bladder, increases
epinephrine secretion

6.

5 Things to do with
Neurons..

Axon, Sensory, Conduct

Impulses, Efferent,
Neurilemma

7.

Abducens=

Cranial nerves

8.

ADH is produced by the?

Hypothalamus

9.

Adrenergic Fibers result in

the release of what?

Norephinephire

All interneurons lie entirely

within the what of the
Central Nevous System?

Gray Matter

11.

Also know as EFFERENT

Motor Neuron

12.

Another Name for the

Parasympathetic Nervous
sytem is..

Craniosacral

The ANS consists of neurons

that conduct impulses
from the spinal cord or
brain stem to the :

Cardiac Muscle Tissue, Smooth

Muscle Tissue, Glandular
Epithelial Tissue

14.

Ascending tracts conduct

impulses where?

Up the cord to the brain

15.

Autonomic Nervous System

Subdivison of the Peripheral

Nervous System

16.

The autonomic nervous

system consistes of neurons
that conduct impulsess
from the brain or spinal
cord to the:

cardiac muscle, smooth

muscle,and the glandular
epithelial

10.

13.

37.

Each synaptic know

besicle contains a very
small quantity of a
chemical compound
called

neurtransmitters

50.

Highly
branched part
of the neuron
that carries
impulses
toward the cell
body

Dendrite

38.

An example of a
Neurotransmitter is

Acetylcholine

39.

Facts of the Cerebrum

lobes corrospond to the bones

that lie over them, most of gray
matter lies on the surface of the
cerebrum, outer region is called
the cerebral cortex

51.

How is your
Heart Rate
Determined?

Combined forces of teh sympathetic and

parasympathetic nervous System

52.

How long is the

spinal cord?

17-18 inches long

53.

How many pairs

of cranial nerves
are attached to
the undersuface
of the brain?

12 pairs

54.

How many pairs

of cranial nerves
are there?

12

55.

How many pairs

of nervse come
from the spinal
cord

31

56.

The
hypothalamus
functions by=

acts as major center for controlling the

ANS, helps control most internal organs,
controls hormone secretions of most
endrocrine glands, contains center for
controlling body temp, appetite,
wakefulness and pleasure

57.

Indentionations
between
adjacent
Schwann cells

Nodes of Ranvier

58.

An inward
movement of
positive ions
leaves a Excess
of what on the
outside

Negative Ions

59.

The largest
section of the
brain is what?

Cerebrum

60.

Motor Neurons
that make up
the ANS

Autonomic Neurons

61.

Myelin
Disorder=

Multiple sclerosis

40.

Fight or flight=

sympathetic nervous system

41.

A function of the
Hypothalamus

regulates body temperature

42.

Functions as the center

for all spinal cord reflexes
sensory tracts conduct
impulses to the brain,
motor tracts conduct
impulses from the brain
in the...

Spinal cord

Functions of the Brain

Stem..

Conduct sensory implulse from

the spinal chord to higher
centers of tehe brain, conduct
morot impluses from the
cerebrum to spinal cord, control
heartbeat, respiration and blood
vessel diameter

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

Functions of the
Cerebellum

maintains equilbrium, helps

produce smooth coordinated
movements, maints normal
postures

Functions of the
Cerebrum

Willed Movement,
Consciousness, Memory,
Conscious awareness of
sensations

Functions of the
Hypothalmus

Control the rate of heartbeat,

control the constriction and
dialation of blood vessels, control
contraction of the stomach and
intestines

A ganglion is a group of
nerve cell bodies located
in the?

PNS

Glia cells that help form

teh bood-brain barrier

Astrocytes

Group of changes
induced by the
sympathetic control is
called what?

Fight or Flight Response

62.

The myelin sheath in the brain

and spinal cord is produced
by?

Oligodendrocytes

63.

The name of the outer cell

membrane of a schwann cell is
called?

Neurilemma

64.

Name two Autonomic

Neurotransmitters

Cholinergic Fibers &

Adrenergic Fibers

65.

A nerve impulse is marked by

what?

inward movement of
postitive sodium ions that
leave excess of negative
ions outside the stimulated
point

81.

The PNS connects the brain with the

neck structures where

in the thorax
and abdomen

82.

Regulates body's involuntary functions

Autonomic
Nervous System

83.

Regulates body temperature, water

balance, sleep-wake cycles, appetite
and sexual arousal

Hypothalamus

84.

Regulates Muscle coordination,

maintenance of equilibrium, and
posture

Cerebellum

85.

Sense Organ

Ear, Nose, Eyes

86.

Sensory perception, willed

movements, consciousness and
memory are mediated where?

Cerebrum

87.

Sensory relay station from various

body areas to the cerebal cortex, also
involved with emotions and alterting
and arousal mechanisms

Thalamus

88.

The simplest Kind of Reflex arc is?

Two Neuron Arc

89.

A single projection that carries nerve

impulses away from the cell body is

Axon

90.

Slows heartbeat=

Parasympathetic
nervous system

91.

Spinal nerves are associated with what?

Dermatome,
Shingles,

66.

Nerve Impulses Do Not..

continually race along

every nerve cell's surface

67.

A Nerve Tract Consists of what?

Bundles of Central Axons

68.

Neurons that conduct

impulses from a ganglion..

postganglionic

69.

Neurotransmitters are
chimicals that allow neruons
to do what with each other?

Communicate

70.

Parasympathetic stimulation
frequently results in..

Response by only ONE

organ

71.

Parkinsons disease=

Dopamine

72.

Parkinson's disease is a disease

of what?

The Cerebral Nuclei

92.

Stroke=

CVA

73.

Par of the brainstem that

contains cardiac, respiratory,
and vas motor centers

Medulla Oblongata

93.

Sympathetic Stimulation usually

results in ..

Response by
numerous
organs

74.

Par of the brainstem that

contains relays for visual and
auditory impules

midbrain

94.

Thirty one pairs=

spinal nerves

95.

Schwann Cell

Part of the brainstem that is a

conduction pathway between
areas of the brain and body
and influences respiration

Pons

This forms myelin outside the central

nervous system

96.

Thre are synapsess within what?

sympathetic
ganglia

97.

76.

Parts of the Central Nervous

System

The Brain and Spinal Cord

The three membranes that make up hte

meninges are..

77.

Parts of the Peripheral

Nervous System

All the Nerves

Dura Mater,
Arachnoid, Pia
Mater dura is the
tough outer
lining

the Peripheral beginning of a

sensory neuron's dendrite

receptors

98.

78.

Three neuron arcs consist of what 3

neurons

Sensory,
Interneurons,
Motor Neurons

79.

Peripheral Nercous system is...

the nerves that extend to

the outlaying parts of the
body

99.

Three parts of the brainstem=

Medulla
oblongata, pons,
midbrain

80.

The Peripheral Nervous System

consists of what two kinds of
nerves?

Cranial and Spinal

100.

Tissues to which autonomic neurons

conduct impulses..

Visveral effectors

75.

101.

Two names of neurotransmitters=

acetylcholine,
catecholamines
(norepinephrine,
dopamine,
serotonin)

121.

What consistes mainly of the

posterior pituitary gland, pituitary
stalk and gray matter?

hypothalamus

122.

What consists of sensory neurons

synapsing in teh spinal cord with
interneurons that synapse with
motor neurons?

Three neuron Arcs

102.

Two Parts of the Diencephalon

Thalamus &
Hypothalamus

103.

Two types of cells found in the

Nervous System are?

Neurons and Glia

123.

What forms the H shaped inner core

of the spianl chord

Gray Matter

104.

Ventricles=

Cerebrospinal fluid

124.

Synapic Knob

105.

Visceral effectors=

autonomic neurons

What is a tiny bulge at the end of the

presynapic neurons axon?

106.

Voluntary Actions

Somatic Nervous
System

125.

What is the fatty substance found

around some nerve fibers?

Myelin

107.

Waht are the Islands of grey matter

within the interior of the Cerebrum
called?

Basal Ganglia

126.

What is the largest part of the human

brain?

Cerebrum

127.

Synapse

108.

What are a bundle of peripheral

axons called?

Nerves

109.

What are a cluser of nerve cell

bodies that are located outside the
nervous system?

ganglion

What is the microscopic space that

seperates the axon of one neuron
from the dendrites of another
neuron?

128.

What is the myelin sheath in the brain

and spinal cord produced by?

Oligodendrocytes

What are a group of nerve cell

bodies located in teh peripheral
nervous system?

Ganglion

129.

What is the outer cell membrane of

teh Schwann cell called

neurilemma

130.

Medulla

What area of the Cerebrum is

responsible fore the perception of
sound?

Temporal Lobe

What is the portion of the brain stem

taht joins the spinal cord to the
brain?

131.

Reflex

What are distributed specifically

into groups o fneurons?

Neurotransmitters

What is the response to impulse

conduction over reflex arcs?

132.

Cerebellum

What are groups of warpped axons

called

Fascicles

What is the second largest part of the

human brain?

133.

Two Neuron Arc

What are self propagating waves of

electrical disturbance that travels
along the surface of a neuron
membrane?

Nerve Impulses

What is the simpiest kind of reflex

arc?

134.

What is white matter?

What are the three main types of

Glial Cells?

Astrocytes, microglia,
oligodendrocytes

Tissue composed
primarily of
myelinated axons
(nerves or tracts)

135.

Acetylcholine

116.

What are three parts of a Neuron:

Dendrites, cell body

and axons

What neurotransmitter dose the

sympathetic preganglionic axon
release

117.

What are tough sheaths that cover

the whole nerve?

Epineurium

136.

What neurotransmitters inhibit

conduction of pain impules?

Endorphins and
enkephalins

118.

What can meditaion do to the

Symmpathetic Activity

Decrease it

137.

Thalamus

119.

What conduct impulses away from

teh brain and spinal cord to muscle
and glands:

Motor (Efferent)
Neurons

What part of the brain helps in the

association of sensations with
emotions and aids in the arousal or
altering mechanism?

138.

What conducts impulses toward

teh cell body

Dendrites

What part of the plasma membrane

makes up a portion of the synapse?

the Postsynapic
Neuron

139.

What plays a role in sleep ?

Catecholamines

110.

111.

112.

113.

114.

115.

120.

140.

What serves as the emergency or stress system controlling visceral effectors

during strenuous exercise and strong emotions?

The sympathetic nervous system

141.

What surrounds a grouop of nerve fibers?

Perineurium

142.

What surrounds individual fibers within a nerve?

Endoneurium

143.

What surrounds the entire nerve?

Epineurium

144.

When a sstimulus acts on a neuron it..

increases the permeability of the stimulated point

of its membrane to sodium iions

145.

Where does the spinal cord end?

the bottom of teh first lumbar vertebra

146.

Where implulse conduction in a reflex arc starts

Receptors

147.

Where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another ..

synapse

148.

Where is Visual Perception Loacated?

Occipital Lobe

149.

The white fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axon

Myelin

150.

The White Outer Columns of the Spinal Tracts are made up of what?

Bundles of myelinated nerve fibers (Dendrites)