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Ib
4.7 k
1 k
A
+5 V
+12 V
Ie
c b e
There are two different regimes of operation for a transistor when it is on. In the linear regime, the current that
flows into the collector is proportional to the current that
flows into the base:
Ic = Ib .
(1)
The constant is large, typically 100 200, and effectively constant over the linear regime [2]. Because the
current that flows into the collector is negligible when
the transistor is operating in the linear regime, the current that flows out of the emitter is essentially equal to
the current that flows into the collector
Ie Ib .
(2)
(3)
PROCEDURE
The circuit used to determine for the 2N2222 transistor is shown in Figure 2. The base current Ib is controlled
by the variable resistor R. Applying Ohms Law to the
base leg of the circuit gives
5 V Ib R Ib 4.7 k = Vb .
(4)
4.4 V
.
R + 4.7 k
(5)
2
leg of the circuit:
200
+12 V Ic R = Vc .
(6)
150
RESULTS
100
50
Ic (mA)
11.67
11.54
8.33
1.90
0.9
Vc (V )
0.04
0.17
3.3
9.78
10.75
Ib (mA)
0.94
0.09
0.04
0.01
0.005
12.4
130
189
196
196
200
400
600
800
1000
R HkWL
This experiment has shown that the 2N2222 transistors operate in the linear regime for base currents of
schroetd@reed.edu
[1] P. Horowitz and W. Hill, The Art of Electronics (Cambridge University Press, 1989).
[2] J. Essick, Physics 200 lab lecture (2008).