Solution to Mathematics Revision Exercise

252 284

i
80
80
63 71
i
20 20

Q1
Let

x = 5.91 .
x = 5.911 11(i)
10x = 59.111 11..(ii)

3.

(ii) (i) 9x 53.2

x

Let

532
90

1A

y = 4.2 8 .
y = 4.282 828(iii)
100y = 428.282 828(iv)

4(a + bi)(2 + 5i)

= 4(2a + 5ai + 2bi 5b)
= 8a + 20ai + 8bi 20b
= (8a 20b) + (20a + 8b)i
1M+1A
The result of 4(a + bi)(2 + 5i) is a real number.
20a + 8b = 0
1M+1A

(iv) (iii) 99 y 424

y

Let

424
99

210
99
5.91 4.2 8 2.1 2
532 424 210

90
99
99
295
2
318

(a)

(2 c) b( 2 )i 0

(41 11i)( 4 8i)

(4 8i)( 4 8i)

(41 11i)( 4 8i)

16 64

164 328i 44i 88

80

252 284i
80

1M

2 c 0 and b 2 0
c2
b0

1M

1A+1A

1A
(b)

(b + 2i)(3 + ci)
= (0 + 2i)(3 + 2i)
= 2i(3 + 2i)
= 6i + (4)i2
= 4 6i

1M
1M
1A

1A
5.

41 11i

4 8i

2 is a solution of x2 + bx + c = 0.
( 2 ) 2 b( 2 ) c 0
1M+1A
2 b( 2 )i c 0

(3 5i) (2 7i)
4 8i
6 21i 10i 35
4 8i

1A

( 2i ) 2 b( 2i ) c 0

1A

2.

a 2

b
5
a : b = 2 : 5

4.

99z 210
z

1A

z = 2.1 2 .
z = 2.121 212. (v)
100z = 212.121 212..(vi)

(vi) (v)

1A

(a)

1M+1A

5
(1 + 2i) is a solution of ax2 + bx + c = 0.
4
5
a(1 + 2i)2 + b(1 + 2i) + c = 0
4

1M

5
a(1 + 4i 4) + b + 2bi + c = 0
4
5
a + 4ai 4a + b + 2bi + c = 0
4

1A

5
(3a + b + c) + (4a + 2b)i = 0
4

1M

(b)
0.

(c)

5
3a b c 0 and 4a + 2b = 0
4

1A

2a + b = 0

1A

(1 + 2i) is a solution of bx2 + cx (a + 3) =

2i)2

b(1 +
+ c(1 + 2i) a 3
b(1 + 4i 4) + c + 2ci a 3
b + 4bi 4b + c + 2ci a 3
(3b + c a 3) + (4b + 2c)i
3b + c a 3 = 0 and 4b + 2c

=0
=0
=0
=0
=0

1M

2b + c = 0

1A

1M
1A

3a b 4 c 0.....................(i)

2a b 0....................(ii)

3b c a 3 0...................(iii)

2b c 0...................(iv)

From (iv), 2b + c = 0
c
b=
....(v)
2
From (ii), 2a + b = 0
b
a=
2
1 c
By (v), a =

2 2
a=

c
....(vi)
4

1 4
2

2 3
3

4
3

4 5i
4 5i (6 i )

i 6 (6 i ) (6 i )
(4 5i ) (6 i )

36 1
24 4i 30i 5(i ) 2

37
24 4i 30i 5

37
29 26i
37

29 26
i
37 37
6 2i (6 2i) (5 i)

5i
(5 i) (5 i)
30 6i 10i 2

25 1
28 16i

26
14 8i

13
14 8
i
13 13
4 5i 6 2i

i6
5i
29 26 14 8

i i
37
37 13 13

1M+1A

1M

1M

1M

3c
c
c 3 0
2
4
9
c3
4

1A

6.

Substitute (v) and (vi) into (iii):

3b c a 3 0
c
c
3 c 3 0
4
2

14 1
a
43 3

1A

1A

29 14 26 8

i
37 13 37 13
895 42

i
481 481

1M+1A

1M+1A

Chapter 2
1.
(a) L1 // y-axis
The equation of L1 is x 2.

= 4

1M+1A

(b) L2 // x-axis
The equation of L2 is y 6.

1M+1A

11
16

3.
(a)

OABC is a parallelogram.
BC // y-axis
The equation of BC is x = 2.
1M+1A
(b) The equation of the straight line passing
through the origin and C(2 , 4) is
y 0 0 (4)

x0
02
y 2 x

(c)
i.e.
The coordinate s of the point of intersecti on of L1 and L2 are ( 2 , 6 ).

1M+1A
(d) (a , 2a) lies on L1.
Putting x = a into the equation of L1, we have
a=2
1M
The required coordinate s are (2 , 4). 1A

(b) Putting x = 0 into 6x 8y + 7 = 0, we have

6(0) 8 y 7 0
1M
7
y
8
7

The coordinate s of R are 0 , .

1A
8

(c) Area of PQR

1
=
(PR)(OQ)
1M
2
1
7
= 4 (3)
1M
2
8

1M+1A

(c)

OABC is a parallelogram.
OA = BC = 6
The coordinates of A are (0 , 6).

(d)
(2 , 2).

The coordinates of B are (2 , 4 + 6) =

1M+1A
The equation of AB is

2.
03 40 3

,
(a) Mid-point of PQ =
= , 2
2 2
2

1A
40
4

Slope of PQ =
1A
03
3
1 3

Slope of =
1M
4 4
3
The equation of is
3
3
y 2 x
1M
4
2
i.e. 6 x 8 y 7 0
1A

1A

i.e.

y2 62

x2 02
2x y 6 0

4.
(a) Let m be the slope of the perpendicular
bisector of AB.
1 5
Slope of AB
93
2

3
2
m 1
3
3
m
2

1M
1A

1M
1A

1M
1M
1A

3 9 5 1
The coordinate s of the mid -point of AB are
,
, i.
2
2
1M

The equation of the perpendicular

bisector is
3
( x 6)
2
2( y 3) 3( x 6)
y 3

1M

2 y 6 3x 18

i.e. 3x 2y 12 = 0
(b) OC // AB
Slope of OC slope of AB

1A

1
( x 2)
2
i.e. x 2 y 4 0

1M

Putting x = 0 into the equation of PA, we

y 1

The equation of OC is

(c)

3x 2 y 12 0.............(i)

y 3 x........................(ii)

1A

(c) (i)

1M

x 2y + 4 = 0
(0) 2y + 4 = 0
y=2
The coordinates of P are (0 , 2). 1A
The equation of QS is
5 1
y 1
=
1M
x0 4 0
y 1
= 1
x0
i.e. x y 1 0
1A

(ii) B is the point of intersection of QS and

Substituting (ii) into (i), we have

PA.

x y 1 0....................(i)

x 2 y 4 0...................(ii)
(i) (ii):
3y 5 = 0

2
3x 2( x) 12 0
3
9 x 4 x 36 0
13x 36
36
x
13
Substituting x

y=

36
into (ii), we have
13

Putting y =

2 36
y
3 13
24

13

1A

have

2
3

2
y 0 ( x 0)
3
2
i.e. y x
3

1M

1M

5
3

5
into (i), we have
3

5
x 1 0
3
x

24
36
The coordinate s of C are
, .
13
13

1M+1A

2
3

2 5
The coordinate s of B are , .
3 3

1M+1A
5.
(a)

A is the mid-point of RQ.

Coordinates of A =

4 0 53
,

(2 , 1)
2
2

6.
1A

53
8

2
(b) (i) Slope of RQ =
1A
40 4
1 1
(ii) Slope of PA =
1M+1A

2 2

(iii) The equation of PA is

60
3
02
1 1
Slope of RS =

3 3

(a) Slope of PQ =
(b) (i)

(ii) The equation of RS is

1
y 0 ( x 4)
3
x + 4 = 3y
i.e. x 3 y 4 0

1A
1M+1A

1M
1A

(c) (i)
have

Putting x = 0 into the equation of RS, we

0 3y 4 0
4
y
3

slope of AC =

1M

B lies on AC,

the equation of AC is
1
y 2 = (x 3)
3
3y 6 = x + 3
i.e. x + 3y 9 = 0

The coordinate s of T are 0 , . 1A

3

(ii) (1)
(b)

60 3

04 2

Slope of RQ =
Slope of PA =

1
3

1
2

3
3
2

1A
1M

The equation of PA is
2
y 0 ( x 2)
3

i.e. 2 x 3 y 4 0
Putting x = 0, y =

1M

1A

y 3x.............................................(i)

x 3 y 9 0.................................(ii)
Substituting (i) into (ii), we have
x + 3(3x) 9 = 0
10x = 9
9
x=
10
9
Substituting x =
into (i), we have
10
9 27
y = 3 =
10 10
9 27

The coordinate s of A are , .

10 10

1M

1A

Substituting y = 0 into the equation of AC, we

1M
have
1A

4
into 2x + 3y
3

4, we have:

x + 3(0) 9 = 0
x=9
The coordinates of C are (9 , 0).

1M
1A

(c) OC = 9
4
L.H.S. = 2(0) + 3 4 = 0 =
3

27
10
Distance from B to OC = 2

Distance from A to OC =

R.H.S.
T lies on
The three altitudes of the
PA. 1A
(2)
triangle are PA, RS and QO.
The three altitudes of PQR

pass through the same point T.

1A

7.
(a) Slope of L = 3
AC is perpendicular to L,
slope of AC slope of L = 1
slope of AC 3 = 1

Area of AOB
= area of AOC area of BOC
1
27 1
9 2
= 9
2
10 2
63
=
20

1M+1A
1A

Alternative method:
2

1M

AO =

9 27

10 10

AB =

9
27

3 2
10
10

9
10
2

7
10

Area of AOB
1
9
7
=

2
10
10
63
=
20

1M+1A
1A

8.
1
= 1
1
AB is perpendicular to CD,

(a) Slope of CD =

slope of AB slope of CD = 1
slope of AB (1) = 1

slope of AB = 1
The equation of AB is
y5=x2
i.e. x y + 3 = 0

(b)

1M

1M
1A

x y 3 0..........................................(i)

x 7 y 3 0.......................................(ii )
(i) (ii): 6y + 6 = 0
1M
6y = 6
y = 1
Substituting y = 1 into (i), we have
x (1) + 3 = 0
x = 4
The coordinates of B are (4 , 1).
1A

(c) When y = 0,
x 7(0) 3 = 0
x=3
The coordinates of E are (3 , 0).
Let (c , d) be the coordinates of C.
AE = EC
2c
3=
2
6=2+c
c=4
5d
0=
2
d = 5
The coordinates of C are (4 , 5).
The equation of BC is
y (1) 5 (1)
=
x ( 4 )
4 (4)

1
y 1
=
x4
2
2y + 2 = x 4

i.e.

9.
(a) Coordinates of C = (3 , 12)
The equation of AC is
12 3
y 3
=
x 12 3 12
3
y 3
=
x 12
5
5y 15 = 3x + 36
i.e. 3x + 5y 51 = 0

1M

1A
1M

1A

1A
1M

1A

(b) Substituting B(2 , 9) into the equation of AC,

we have
L.H.S. = 3(2) + 5(9) 51 = 0
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
B lies on AC.
i.e. A, B and C are collinear.
Alternative method:
93
3
Slope of AB =
=
2 12
5
3
Slope of AC =
5
Slope of AB = slope of AC
A, B and C are collinear.
(c)

1A

x + 2y + 6 = 0

1M

1A

1M

1A

OD is perpendicular to AC,

slope of OD slope of AC = 1
3
slope of OD = 1
1M
5
5
slope of OD =
3
5
The equation of OD is y = x.
3
3
x

5
y

51

0
..........
..........
...................(i)

y 3 x....................................................(ii )
Substituting (ii) into (i), we have
5
3x + 5 x 51 = 0
1M
3
34x = 153

x=
Substituting x =
y=

9
2

11.

9
into (ii), we have
2

5 9 15
=
2
32

9 15
The coordinate s of D are , .
2 2

1
= 1
1
PT and L have no points of intersection,

(a) Slope of L =

1A

slope of PT = slope of L
p 5
= 1
k 0
p=5k

(b)

10.
p
3
, y-intercept of L1 = . 1M
7
7
4 4
= , y-intercept of L2 =
Slope of L2 =
q q

(a) Slope of L1 =

11 11
= .
1M

q q
L1 and L2 have infinitely many points of
intersection,
slope of L1 = slope of L2 and y-intercept of
L1 = y-intercept of L2.
3
4
=

1M
7
q
3q = 28
28
q=
1A
3
p 11
and =
1M
7
q
p
11
=
28
7

3
33
p=
1A
4
(b)

L1 and L2 have no points of intersection,

slope of L1 = slope of L2 and y-intercept of

L1 y-intercept of L2.
33
28
p
and q .

4
3
(c)

1A+1A

L1 and L2 have one point of intersection,

slope of L1 slope of L2.

p is any real number and q

28
. 1A+1A
3

1M
1A
AP = PB

[k ( 7)] 2 ( p 2) 2 =

(k 3) 2 ( p 10) 2

1M

(k + 7)2 + (5 k 2)2 = (k 3)2 + (5

k 10)2
(k + 7)2 + (k + 3)2 = (k 3)2 + (k
5)2
k2 + 14k + 49 + k2 6k + 9 = k2 6k + 9 +
k2 + 10k + 25
1M
4k = 24
k = 6
1A
p = 5 (6) = 11
The coordinates of P are (6 , 11).
-- ans end --

1A

Chapter 3

1.

(b)

1A+1A

7 x 2 4x 3 7 0

Since and are the roots of the equation x2 px

+ q = 0,

+=p
= q
3 3 ( )( 2 2 )
( )[( 2 2 2 ) 3 ]
( )[( ) 2 3 ]
p( p 2 3q)
p3 3 pq

( x 7 )( 7 x 3) 0 1M+1A

x 7 0

1A
1A
1M

7x 3 0

1M
1M

or

1A

1A+1A

or

x= 7
x =

3
7

2.
4.

Since the graph of y = ax2 + (a 1)x + (a + 2)

touches the x-axis at only one point, the
discriminant = 0.
i.e.
(a 1)2 4a(a + 2) = 0
a2 2a + 1 4a2 8a = 0
3a2 + 10a 1 = 0

(a)
1A
1M
1M

the discriminant = 0.
i.e.

a =

10 102 4(3)( 1)
2(3)

9x2 kx + 1 = x
9x2 kx x + 1 = 0
9x2 (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
1M
Since the equation has two equal real roots,

1M
=

10 100 (12)
6
10 112
6
= 3.43 or

1M

[ (k + 1)]2 4(9)(1) = 0
(k + 1)2 36 = 0
(k + 1)2 = 36
k+1=6
k=5
or
7

1A
1M

1A+1A
(b) When k = 7, the equation is 9x2 + 6x + 1 = 0.
1M
6
1
x
1A+1A
(repeated )
2(9)
3

0.097 2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.1A+1A

5.
3.
(a)

9(x 2) = 2x x2
9x 18 = 2x x2
9x 18 2x + x2 = 0
x2 + 7x 18 = 0
(x 2)(x + 9) = 0
x2 =0

1M

or

1M
x+9=

or

x =

x =2

Since and are the two roots of the equation x2

+ 3x 4 = 0, we have
+ = 3
1A
= 4
1A
2
2
2
2
2 2
1M
( ) 2 2
( 3) 2 2( 4)
98
17

1A

( ) 2 2 2 2

7.

( ) 2
17 2( 4)
25
5 ( )
2 2 ( )( )
(3)(5)
15
Sum of roots = 17 + (15)
=2
Product of roots = 17(15)

(a) Let be the smaller root, and 2 be the other

root.1A
(k 4)
2
1M
1
3 4 k

1M

1A

4k
.
3
2
52
2 k 2
3
9
2
52
2 2 k 2
3
9

One of the roots is

1A
(b)

= 255

1A

The required equation is

4k
3

x2

2x 255 = 0. 1A

1A
1M

2 2 52
4k
2
k
3
9
3
2
2
52
(4 k ) 2 k 2
9
3
9
2
2
(4 k ) 3k 26
2

6.
(a) Since , are the roots of the equation,
(k 1) 1 k

3
3

12
4
3

1A
1A

9
2

(b)

2 2 2 9
( ) 2 2 9
2

1 k

2(4) 9
3
(1 k ) 2
8 9
9
(1 k ) 2 9

1M

k 2 2k 1 9
k 2 2k 8 0
(k 4)( k 2) 0
k 4 or k 2

1M

1M

1 12 4(1)( 4)
x
2(1)
1 17

2
17 1
1 17
x
or x
2
2

k 2 8k 16 3k 2 26
2k 2 8k 42 0
k 2 4k 21 0
(k 7)( k 3) 0
k 7 or k 3

(c) (i)
have

1M

1A+1A

1M
1A+1A

Substituting k = 3 into the equation, we

x2 x

2
0
9

1M

a+b=1
2
ab =
9

(a b) 2 a 2 b 2 2ab
a 2 2ab b 2 4ab

(a b) 2 4ab
8
1
9
1

1A+1A

(c) Substituting k = 4 into the equation, we have

3x 2 3x 12 0
x2 x 4 0
1M

1M

1
( a b)
3
a 2 b 2 (a b)(a b)
1
1
3
1

3
ab=

1M

1A

(ii) From (a), we know the smaller root is

4k
(*)
3
substituting k = 3 into (*), we have
43 1

1M
3
3
1
2
b , a
1A+1A
3
3

(ii)

( )( 2 2 2 )
1M
( )[( ) 2 ]
2
(1)(7 12)
37
1A

(iii)

8.

x 2 7 x 12 0

c = 10

When x = 2, y = 0,
0 = a(2)2 + b(2) 10
0 = 4a + 2b 10...........(i)
When x = 5, y = 0,

1M

0 = a(5)2 + b(5) 10
0 = 25a + 5b 10
0 = 5a + b 2...(ii)

(b) (i)

Consider

(b) (i)

+ bx + c = 2.

Substitute the values of a, b and c from

(a) into the equation.
i.e. x2 + 7x 10 = 2
x2 + 7x 12 = 0
x2 7x + 12 = 0
7

(ii)
1A
1A

12

Consider ( ) 2
2

2 2 2 4
( ) 2 4 1M

7 1
2
4 or 3

1A+1A

(a) Since and are the roots of the equation,

8

4
1A
2
3
1A

2

1A

(7) (7) 2 4(1)(12)

x
2(1)

9.

0 5(1) b 2
b7
ax2

1M

(i) 2 (ii) 0 4a 2b 10 2(5a b 2) 1M

0 4a 2b 10 10a 2b 4
0 6a 6
6a 6
a 1
1A

x 2 7 x 10 2
x 2 7 x 12 0

(a) When x = 0, y = 10,

10 = a(0)2 + b(0) + c

3 3 ( )( 2 2 )

(7) 2 4(12)
1
1 ( )

2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) 2 2
3
(4) 2 2
2
16 3
= 19

1M
1M
1A

Consider ( ) 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 4
( ) 2 4 1M
3
(4) 2 4 1M
2
16 6

= 22
1A

22 ( )

1A

(iii)

2 2 ( )( )

5 33
2
33 5
33 5
x
or x
2
2

1M

(4)( 22 )

1M

4 22

1A

(c) From (b), we know that 19 ,

2

2 2 4 22 .

Sum of roots = (19 4 22 )

Product of roots = 76 22

The quadratic equation with roots

2
2
and 2 2 is

x 2 (19 4 22 ) x 76 22 0

1M

Special Topic : Applications of Quadratic Equation

1A

(a) Consider the discriminant = 52 4(1)(2) 1M

= 25 + 8
= 33 0
1A
Since 0,
1A

Therefore and are distinct real

numbers. 1A
(b) (i)

1A
1A

1M

1M
9(2) 3(5) 1

18 15 1
32

1A

3 3 ( )( 2 2 )
( )( 2 2 2 3 )
( )[( ) 2 3 ] 1M
1M
5[(5) 2 3(2)]
5(25 6)
= 155

(c)

1.
Let the length of BD be x cm.
BC = BD + 4 = x + 4
x( x 4)
6
2

1M+1A

x2 + 4x = 12
x2 + 4x 12 = 0
(x + 6)(x 2) = 0
x + 6 =0
or x 2 = 0

1M
1M
1M

x =6 (rejected) or
x=2
2
Area of square ABDE = 2 cm2= 4 cm2
Area of trapezium ACDE = (4 + 6) cm2 10 cm2
1M+1A

(3 1)(3 1) 9 3 3 1

9 3( ) 1

(ii)

1A+1A

1M

10.

the equation has two distinct real roots.

33 5

33 5

1A

5 5 2 4(1)( 2)
2(1)

10 2 6 2 m
=8m

1M

1M
1A

(b) Since the length of the ladder is unchanged,

by using Pythagoras' theorem,
(8 x)2 + (6 + x)2 = 102 1M+1A
x2 16x + 64 + x2 + 12x + 36 = 100
2x2 4x = 0
1A
x(x 2) = 0
1M
x =0
or x 2 = 0
1M
x =0 (rejected) or

x 2 5x 2 0

2.
(a) By using Pythagoras' theorem,
height of the top end above the ground

x=2

1A

1M

3.
(a) (i)

Sides of hexagon = (32 2 x) cm

3 ( x 2)2 cm2

1A

(b)

(ii) By using Pythagoras' theorem,

GD BG 2 BD 2

128 1282 4(2)(1 024)

1M
2(2)
= 9.37 , cor. to 3 sig.

fig. or 54.6 (rejected)

(b) (i)

9.372 6

3x 2 cm
3x cm

x 2 4 x 4 8x
x 2 4x 4 0
( x 2) 2 0
x = 2 (repeated)

Width of rectangle = 2x cm
1A

1M
600 cm2 , cor. to 3

sig. fig.

x2
cm2
2

9.372 6 2
cm 2
2

43.923 cm 2 , cor. to 5 sig. fig. 1A

Area of hexagon = (599.85 4

43.923) cm 2

1M

424 cm2 , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

4.
(a) BM = (x + 2) cm
BC = 2(x + 2) cm = AB

1A

1M

AM AB 2 BM 2

3( x 2) 2 cm
3 ( x 2) cm

Area of ABC =

1A

2( x 2) 3 ( x 2)
cm 2
2

1A

CBA = EDA = 90

given

BAC = DAE

vert. opp. s

ABC ~ ADE

AAA

(b) Let AD = x cm.

AC = (13 x) cm
1
AB = AE = (12 ) cm = 6 cm
2
From (a), ABC ~ ADE.
AB
AC

=
AD
AE
6 13 x
=
x
6
36 = 13x x2
x2 13x + 36 = 0
(x 4)(x 9) = 0

x = 4 or x = 9
AD < AE

x<6
i.e. AD = 4 cm

[2( x 2)] 2 ( x 2) 2 cm

1M

5.
(a) In ABC and ADE,

599.85 1A

(ii) Area of right-angled triangle =

1A
1M

( x 2) 2 8 x

Area of rectangle = 32 18.745 2

cm2

1A

(c) Area of DEFG = 2 2 3x cm2

4 3x cm 2

3 ( x 2) 2 2 4 3 x

1A

= 2 9.372 6 cm
= 18.745 2 cm

1M

(2 x) 2 x 2 cm

x2 + x2 = (32 2x)2
1M
2x2 = 4x2 128x + 1 024
2x2 128x + 1 024 = 0

1A

1A
1A

1M

1M
1M
1A

6.
(a)

404 424
8

Volume = 3 900 cm3

(8 2 x)(12)
(3x 2) = 3 900
2
2( x 4)(3x 2)
= 325
2
(x + 4)(3x 2) = 325

3x2 + 10x 8 = 325

3x2 + 10x 333 = 0
(x 9)(3x + 37) = 0

(rejected)

x = 9 or x =

1M
1M
37
3

1A

(b) When x = 9,
DC = 2(9) cm = 18 cm
CH = [3(9) 2] cm = 25 cm
DX =

18 8
cm = 5 cm
2

1A

In ADX, AD = AX 2 DX 2
= 122 52 cm
= 13 cm
The required total surface area

1M

(8 18)(12)

(2)
= (8 13 18 13)( 25)
2

2
cm 1M
= 1 612 cm2
1A

7.
(a)

1M

4x2 + 404x 1 035 = 0

(2x 5)(2x + 207) = 0
5
207

x=
or x =
2
2

1M
1A+1A

Alternative method:
4x2 + 404x 1 035 = 0
x=

404 4042 4(4)( 1 035)

2(4)
404 424
=
8
404 424
=
or
8

1M

5
207
or
2
2

1A+1A

(b) Let x% be the annual interest rate of the first

year.
40 000(1 + x%)[1 + (x + 1)%] 40 000(1 + x%)
= 1 435
1M+1M+1A
40 000(1 + x%)[1 + (x + 1)% 1]
= 1 435
x x 1

40 000 1
= 1 435 1M

100 100
4(100 + x)(1 + x)
= 1 435
4(100 + 101x + x2)
= 1 435
2
400 + 404x + 4x
= 1 435
4x2 + 404x 1 035
=0
From (a),
5
207
x=
or x =
(rejected)
2
2
The annual interest rate of the first year
is 2.5%. 1A

Chapter 4
1.
(a)

3.
(a)

2f(1) = 6
+ c] = 6
a + c = 3.(i)
f(2) = 6
a(2)2 + c = 6
4a + c = 6.(ii)
(ii) (i):
3a = 3
a= 1
Substituting a = 1 into (i),
2[a(1)2

1M

1M

1A

1+c=3
c=2

1A

x 1 (given)
The domain of E(x) is all real numbers
greater than or equal to zero and smaller
than 1.
1A
1 > E(x) 0
Jenny may not be able to escape
successfully.
1A

(b) E (20) 1

(c) (i)

1 19

20 20

The difference:
1 2
E (2) S (2) 1
2 30

(b) f(a + c) = f(3) = (3)2 + 2

= 11

1A

1 1

2 15
13

30

1M

f(a) = f(1) = (1)2 + 2

=3
f(c) = f(2) = (2)2 + 2
=6
11
f ( a c)
=
f ( a ) f (c ) 3 6
11
=
9

1A

(ii) The difference:

1 10

E (10) S (10) 1
10 30
9 1

10 3
17

30

1M
1A

1M

1A

2.
(a) If
then

f(x) = g(x),
x x = 4x 6
x2 5x + 6 = 0

(d)

(x 2)(x 3) = 0
x = 2 or
3
1A+1A
(b) If
H(x) = 12,
then
f(x) xg(x) = 12
(x2 x) x(4x 6) = 12
x2 x 4x2 + 6x = 12
3x2 + 5x + 12 = 0
3x2 5x 12 = 0

1M
1M
x=

1M

(x 3)(3x + 4) = 0
x =3
1A+1A

1M
or x =

3
4

S(x) = E(x)
1
x
=1
x
30

1M

x2 = 30x 30
x2 30x + 30 = 0
x = 28.964 or x = 1.036, cor.
to 3 d.p.
When there are 28.964 or 1.036 minutes
left, the two functions will give the same
chance that Jenny can escape
successfully.
1A+1A

4.
(a) C(x) = $(450 000 + 2 000x)

1A

(d) (i)

P (3 900)

(b) (i)

3 900 2
10
3
500
(
3
900
)

(1 0.04) [450 000 2 000(3

50

$
2

3 900
(1 12%)10

[
450
000

2
000
(
3
900
)]
10
3 500(3 900)

50
1M

P(3 900) $
10
75 430 288.27
(1 8%)
$
(1 12%)10
1M
1A
$24 286 534.05 , cor. to 2 d.p.
(5 095 800)10
$
(1 8%)10
P(6 000)
(ii)
$23 603 413.77 , cor. to 2

d.p. 1A
(ii)

6 000 2
[450 000 2 000(6 000)]10
3 500(6 000)

50

P(6 000) $
(1 8%)10

1M

(7 830 000)10
(1 8%)10
$36 268 050.12 , cor. to 2
$

d.p. 1A
(c) (i)

P (3 900)

6 000 2
3
500
(
6
000
)

(1 0.04)10 [450 000 2 000(6

50

$
(1 12%)10
1M
115 903127.5
$
(1 12%)10
1A
$37 317 705.09 , cor. to 2 d.p.

5.
(a)

C ( x) $(50 000 250 x)

1A

(b) Profit function:

P( x) $[ I ( x) C ( x)]

3 900 2

[
450
000

2
000
(
3
900
)](
1

0
.
04
)10 10
3 500(3 900)

2
50

$1 000 x x (50 000 250 x)

$

100
(1 12%)10

1M

x2
1A
$ 750 x
50 000
(1133 784.65)10
100
$

10
(1 12%)
Domains:
1A
$3 650 483.13 , cor. to 2 d.p.
Since x is the number of cattle, x 0 .
The domain of the cost function C(x) is
all real numbers greater than or equal
1A

10 The domain of the income function I(x)

6 000 2

[
450
000

2
000
(
6
000
)](
1

0
.
04
) 10
3 500(6 000)
50

$
10
all real numbers greater than or equal to
(1 12%)
1M
1A
18 509 586.53

The domain of the profit function P(x)

$
(1 12%)10
1A
$5 959 591.48 , cor. to 2 d.p.
all real numbers greater than or equal
(ii)

P(6 000)

1A
Chapter 5

(c) (i)

(ii)

C(500) = $[50 000 + 250(500)]

= $175 000
175 000
average cost $
500
$350

(500) 2
I (500) $1 000(500)

100

$497 500

(iii) average profit

1.
1M
1A

1A

(a) Putting (2, 0) into the equation y = ax2 + 2x +

c, we get
0 = a(2)2 + 2(2) + c
0 = 4a 4 + c (i)
1A
2
Putting (4, 0) into the equation y = ax + 2x +
c, we get
0 = a(4)2 + 2(4) + c
0 = 16a + 8 + c ..(ii)
1A
(ii) (i), we get
0 = 12a + 12
a = 1
Putting a = 1 into (i), we get
0 = 4(1) 4 + c

P(500)
500

(500) 2
750(500)
50 000
100
$
500
322 500
$
500
$645
(d) C(x) = $[50 000(1 0.5) + 250(1 0.4)x]
= $(25 000 150 x)

1M

0 = 8 + c
c=8

1A
1M
1A

(e) The profit in future ten years

x2
(25 000 150 x) 12 10
$1 000 x
100

(b)

1A

1A

y = x2 + 2x + 8
= (x2 2x) + 8
= (x2 2x + 1 1) + 8
= (x2 2x + 1) + 1 + 8
= (x 1)2 + 9
The maximum value of y is 9.

1M+1A
1M+1A

2.

(550) 2
2
$1 000(550)
25 000 150(550) 120 (a) f(x) = 2x + 16x 28
100

= 2(x2 + 8x) 28
1A
= 2(x2 + 8x + 42 42) 28
$(546 975 107 500) 120
= 2(x + 4) 2 32 28
$52 737 000 ( $10 000 000)
= 2(x + 4) 2 60
1M+1A
The farm can break even.
1A
The minimum value of the function is
10 000 000

(f) C(x) = $ 25 000 150 x

1M

60. 1A
12 10

The value of the function is negative for

325 000

150 x
= $
1A
some x. 1A
3

(b) f(x) = 3x2 6x + 10

= 3(x2 2x) + 10
= 3(x2 2x + 12 12) + 10
= 3(x 1) 2 3 + 10
= 3(x 1) 2 + 7
1M+1A
The minimum value of the function is

7.

1A
The value of the function is positive for

all real values of x.

Special Topic 2 : Applications of Graphs of

1A

3.

Quadratic Functions
1.

(a) When x = 0, y = 4(0) a(0) = 0.

Yes, the graph passes through the
origin.
(b) (i)

1A
1A

[y = 4x ax2 is a quadratic function.

Since the coefficient of x2 < 0, the
parabola opens downward. Its axis of
symmetry is x = 2, and the graph passes
through the origin.]
The required graph is:

(a) f(x) = 2x2 + 16x + 140

= 2(x2 8x) + 140
= 2(x2 8x + 42 42) + 140
= 2(x 40)2 + 32 + 140
= 2(x 4)2 + 172
1A
The maximum height that the athlete can
achieve is 172 cm.
1M+1A
(b) Refer to the figure below. If the athlete plans
to achieve the maximum height, the jumping
point should be a point on the x-axis, and the
bar should be placed at the axis of symmetry
of the function.

1A+1A+1A
(ii) Let (h , k) be the coordinates of the
vertex.
The axis of symmetry is x = 2.
h=2

When f (x) = 0,

( x 4) 2 86

If the maximum value of y is 2, then k =

2.
The coordinates of the vertex are (2 ,
2).
(c) Substituting (2 , 2) into y = 4x ax2,
2 = 4(2) a(2)2
= 8 4a
4a = 6
3
a =
2

0 2( x 4) 2 172
1M
2( x 4) 2 172

1A
1M

1A

( x 4 86 )( x 4 86 ) 0
x 86 4 or x 4 86 1A

Distance between th e bar and the place where he s t a r tt so

1
[4 86 (4 86 )] cm
2
86 cm

1M
1A

The fireman cannot fight the fire. 1M+1A

2.

4.

(a) Substituting t = 0 into h(t),

(a) Substituting x = 12 into y = x2 + 40x,

h(0) = 20(0) 10(0)2 + 30

= 30
The height of the building is 30 m.

1M
1A

(b) h(t) = 20t 10t2 + 30

= 10(t2 2t) + 30
= 10(t2 2t + 12 12) + 30
= 10(t 1)2 + 10 + 30
= 10(t 1) 2 + 40
1A
The maximum height of the water bomb
above the ground is 40 m.
1M+1A

y = (12)2 + 40(12)
1M
= 336
The distance of B above the ground is 336
cm. 1A
(b) y = x2 + 40x
= (x2 40x + 202 202)
= (x 20)2 + 400
1A
2
The coordinates of the vertex of y = x +
40x are (20 , 400).

1A

The height that B increases is (400 336)

cm = 64 cm.

1M+1A

(c) When h(t) = 0,

20t 10t2 + 30 = 0
1M
2
t 2t 3 = 0
(t 3)(t + 1) = 0
t = 3 or t = 1 (rejected)
The time for the water bomb to reach the
ground is 3 seconds.
1M+1A
3.
(a) Substituting x = 6 into h(x),
h(6) = 29
2(6)2 + 16(6) + k = 29
k = 29 96 + 72
=5

rocky column Q. If the throwing position

is unchanged, the water bomb will hit the
ground at x = 40,
but not at the position of B.
1A+1A
5.

1M
1A

(b) From (a), h(x) = 2x2 + 16x + 5

= 2(x2 8x) + 5
= 2(x2 8x + 42 42) + 5
= 2(x 4)2 + 32 + 5
= 2(x 4)2 + 37
1M+1A
The distance between the fire engine and
the building is 4 m
so that the height of water column is
maximum.

(c) A cannot throw the water bomb to B.

1A
If A changes his/her throwing position, as the
throwing locus is unchanged,
the water bomb cannot pass through the

1M+1A

(c) From (b), the maximum height of the water

column is 37 m.

(a) Substituting y = 0 into y = 2x2 + 6x ,

i.e. 2x2 + 6x 8 = 0
x2 + 3x 4 = 0

1M

(x 1)(x + 4) = 0
x = 1 or x = 4
The coordinates of points A and B are

(4 , 0) and (1 , 0) respectively.

1A+1A

y 2x 2 6x 8
2( x 2 3x) 8
2
2
2
3 3
2 x 3x 8
2 2

3 25

2 x
2
2

1A

25
3
The coordinate s of point C are , .
2
2

1A

1
PQ MC
2
1
= 2 x (10 2 x) cm 2
2
= x(10 2 x) cm2

(b) Area of QCP =

(b) Substituting x = 2a, y = 12a into y = 2x2 + 6x

8,
12a = 2(2a)2 + 6(2a) 8
12a = 24a2 + 12a 8

1M

8a2 = 8
a2 = 1

a = 1 or a = 1 (rejected)
The coordinates of D are (2 , 12).

1A
1A

(c) Length of AB = 1 (4) = 5

Consider ADB.
1
Area of ADB = (12 5) 30
1A
2
Consider ACB.
1 25 125
Area of ACB = 5
1A
2 2
4

125 245
1A
Area of the quarilater al ABCD 30

4
4

1M

1A

(c) Area of quadrilateral PQCD

= area of trapezium ADCQ area of APQ
1
10

= ( 2 x 10) ( 2 x) 2 cm 2
1M
2
2

= (5 2 x 50 x 2 ) cm 2
2

5 2
25
50 cm 2
= x
2
2

2

5 2 125 2

cm
= x
2
2

1A

The maximum area of quadrilate ral PQCD is

125
cm 2 .
2

1M+1A
7.

6.
(a) (i)

(a) (i)
By Pythagoras theorem,
PQ2 = AQ2 + AP2

1M

= [( 2 x) ( 2 x) ] cm
2

= 4x2 cm2
PQ = 2x cm

= [10 (10 2 x) ] cm
2

1M

1A

Horizontal distance that the ball travels 2

= (200 20 2 x 2 x 2 ) cm 2
Let the mid-point of P and Q be M , i.e.
PM = MQ = x cm.
1A
By Pythagoras theorem,
QC2 = MC2 + MQ2
MC QC 2 MQ 2

1M

200 20 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 cm
200 20 2 x x 2 cm
(10 2 x) cm
The required height is (10 2 x) cm.

1A

16 16 2

2 x h 1 h 2
2 2

1A

(ii) By Pythagoras theorem,

QC2 = BC2 + BQ2

y = 2 h x2 + 16x
16

2 h x 2 h x
2

2
2
2 16
16 16
h
2 x h x h 1 h 1
2
2 2

16
16
cm h c
h 1
2
2

1M+1A
(ii) By (a)(i),
maximum height of the ball

16 2
256
cm h2 cm
h 2
2
2

1M+1A
(b) (i)

Substituting h = 4 into

16
,
2h

by the result of (a),

horizontal distance that the ball travels in
the 4th bounce
16
4 cm 1 cm
1M+1A
2

(ii) Substituting h = 4 into

256
,
2 h2

2.
(a) Let f ( x) 2 x 3 (2k 1) x 2 (3 k ) x 3k .

f (1) = 2(1)3 + (2k 1)(1)2 (3 + k)(1)

256
maximum height of the ball in the 4th bounce 42 cm3k 4 1M
cm
2
= 2 + 2k 1 + 3 + k 3k
1M+1A
=0
1A
(c) Total horizontal distance that the bouncing
For any integer k, x + 1 is a factor of the
16 16
polynomial.
1A
ball travels = 1 2
1A
2 2
(b)
1
ar
Substituting a = 16, r = into
,
2 x 2 (2k 3) x
3k
2
1 r
16
x 1 2 x 3 (2k 1) x 2 (3 k ) x 3k
1M
total distance 2
2 x3
2x2
1
1
(2k 3) x 2 (3 k ) x
2
1
2
= 16
M
(2k 3) x (2k 3) x

The total distance that the bouncing ball

travels is 16 cm.
1A

3kx 3k
3kx 3k

1
M

Chapter 6
1.

2 x 3 (2k 1) x 2 (3 k ) x 3k
( x 1)[2 x 2 (2k 3) x 3k ]
( x 1)( x k )( 2 x 3)

When f(x) is divided by x 2, the remainder is 8.

i.e. f (2) 8 .
1A
When f(x) is divided by x + 1, the remainder is 10.
i.e. f (1) 10 .
1A
When f(x) is divided by x2 5x + 4, the remainder is
0 and the quotient is ax b .
f ( x) ( x 2 5x 4)( ax b)
1A
Putting x = 2, we get

f (2) [( 2) 2 5(2) 4] a(2) b

8 2(2a b)
2a b 4 ....................... (i)

1A

Putting x = 1, we get
f (1) [( 1) 2 5(1) 4] a(1) b

10 (1 5 4)( a b)
10 10(a b)
a b 1 ....................... (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
a = 1, b = 2.

1A
1A+1A

3.
(a)

f(2) = 0
a(2)3 + 4(2)2 7(2) + b
8a + 16 14 + b
8a + b
f(1)

1M
1M+1A

1A

=0
=0
= 2.(i)
= 12
1A

a(1)3 + 4(1)2 7(1) + b = 12

a + 4 7 + b = 12
a + b = 9 (ii)
(i) (ii):
7a = 7
a=1
1A
Substituting a = 1 into (ii),
1 + b = 9
b = 10
(b) f(x) = x3 + 4x2 7x 10

1A

x2 6x 5
x 2 x 3 4 x 2 7 x 10
x 2x
3

5.
1
(a) Remainder = g
k

6x2 7x

1
1 1
k 6 1
k
k k
1 6
2 2
k
k

6 x 2 12 x
5 x 10
5 x 10
f (x) = (x 2)(x2 + 6x + 5)

1A

f(x) = 0
(x 2)(x + 5)(x + 1) = 0
x2=0
or x + 5 = 0
x= 2
or
x = 5

1A

1M+1A

= ( x 2)( x 5)( x 1)
(c)

1A

or
or

(b) From (a), we have:

1 6
9
Remainder = 2 2 = 2
k
k
k
2
1 6k + 2k = 9
2k2 6k + 1 9
2k2 6k 8
2(k 4)(k + 1)
k4

x+1=0
x=

1 1A+1A+1A
1

4.
(a) Dividend = quotient divisor + remainder
f ( x) g ( x) ( x 3) 5
1M

( x 7 x 2)( x 3) 5
x 3 7 x 2 2 x 3x 2 21x 6 5
x 3 10 x 2 19 x 1
f ( x) x3 10 x 2 19 x 1

=0
=0
=0
1M
= 0 or k + 1 = 0
= 4 or
k=

1A+1A

6.

x 3
x 3 x 1 x3 0 x 2 0 x 12

1M

x3 3x 2
1A

3x
2

x
x 12

1M

3x 2 9 x 3
10 x 15

(b)

x 4

Quotient = x 3, remainder = 10x 15 1A+1A

x 3 x2 7x 2
x 2 3x
1M
4x 2
4 x 12
14
Quotient = x 4 , remainder = 14 1A+1A

7.

3x 2 3x 4
x 2 x 2 3x 4 0 x3 7 x 2 0 x 1
3x 4 3x3 6 x 2
3x3 x 2 0 x
3x3 3x 2 6 x

(c) By (b), g(x) = (x + 3)(x + 4) 14

By (a),
f ( x) ( x 3) g ( x) 5
( x 3)( x 3)( x 4) 14 5

1M

( x 3)( x 3)( x 4) 14( x 3) 5

( x 3)( x 3)( x 3) 1 14( x 3) 5

f ( x) ( x 3) 3 ( x 3) 2 14( x 3) 5
1M+1A

4 x2 6x 1

1A

4 x2 4 x 8
2x 7
2
Quotient = 3x + 3x + 4, remainder = 2x
7

1A+1A

1M
1M

8.
(a)

10.
(a)

The remainder is 6 when f(x) is divided

by x 1,

x + 2 is a factor of f(x),

i.e.

f(1) = 6

(2)3

i.e. (1 1)(1 3)(1 + a) + b(1) + c = 6

1M
b+c=
6..................................(i)
The remainder is 4 when f(x) is divided
by x 3,

(repeated)

f(3) = 4

i.e. (3 1)(3 3)(3 + a) + b(3) + c = 4

1 + c = 6
c =7

(p2

1M

3b + c =
4.................................(ii)
(ii) (i): 2b = 2
b = 1
Substituting b = 1 into (i), we have

f(2) = 0

+ 2)(2) + 8p = 0 1M
8 + 12 + 2p2 + 4 + 8p = 0
2p2 + 8p + 8 = 0
p2 + 4p + 4 = 0
(p + 2)2 = 0 1M
p = 2
1A

3(2)2

1M
1A

(b) From (a),

f(x) = x3 + 3x2 [(2)2 + 2]x + 8(2)
= x3 + 3x2 6x 16
The required remainder
= f(4)
= (4)3 + 3(4)2 6(4) 16
= 64 + 48 24 16
= 72

1A

1M
1A

(b) f(x) = (x 1)(x 3)(x + a) x + 7

= (x2 4x + 3)(x + a) x + 7
When f(x) is divided by x2 4x + 3, the
remainder is x + 7.
f(x) is not divisible by x2 4x + 3.

1M

1A

(c) Using long division, we have

f(x) = (x + 2)(x2 + x 8)
f(x) = 0
2
(x + 2)(x + x 8) = 0
x = 2

9.
(a) Let f(x) = x3 + (1 a)x2 + 5ax 6a2.
f(a) = a3 + (1 a)a2 + 5a(a) 6a2
= a3 + a2 a3 + 5a2 6a2

or
1M

Using long division, we have

x3 99x2 + 500x 60 000 = (x 100)(x2 + x +
600) 1M+1A

1A

x=

1 (1) 2 4(1)( 8)
2(1)

x=

1 33
2

1M

=0
For any constant a, x a is a factor of x3 +
(1 a)x2 + 5ax 6a2.
1A
(b) Let a = 100.
From (a), we know that
x 100 is a factor of the polynomial x3 + (1
100)x2 + 5(100)x 6(100)2,
1A
3
2
i.e. a factor of x 99x + 500x 60 000.

1M+1A

1 33
1 33
or x =
2
2

1A+1A

11.
(a) The remainder is a when f(x) is divided
by 2x + 3,
3
f =

2
a
3

3
3
i.e. 4 + 4b
2
2
1M

3
+ 2a 10 =
2

27
3
+ 9b +
+ 2a 10 =
2
2

m(1)3 n(1)2 + (1) + 10 = 0

m n 1 + 10 = 0

a
a + 9b 22 =
0............................(i)
f(x) is divisible by x + b,

f(b)
3
2
i.e. 4(b) + 4b(b) (b) + 2a 10
4b3 + 4b3 + b + 2a 10
2a + b 10
0....................................(ii)
From (i), a = 22

=0
= 0 1M
=0
=

9b......................................................................(iii)
Substituting (iii) into (ii), we have
2(22 9b) + b 10 = 0
1M
44 18b + b 10 = 0
17b = 34
b =2
1A
Substituting b = 2 into (iii), we have
a = 22 9(2)
=4
1A
(b) From (a),
f(x) = 4x3 + 4(2)x2 x + 2(4) 10
= 4x3 + 8x2 x 2
f(x) is divisible by x + 2.
Using long division, we have
f(x) = (x + 2)(4x2 1)
= (x + 2)(2x + 1)(2x 1)
12.
(a) 2x2 3x 5 = (2x 5)(x + 1)
f(x) is divisible by 2x2 3x 5,
f(x) is divisible by 2x 5 and x + 1.
5
f =0

2
3

0..............................(i)

f(1) = 0

n=9
m.................(ii)
Substituting (ii) into (i), we have
5m 2(9 m) + 4 = 0
5m 18 + 2m + 4 = 0
7m = 14
m=2
Substituting m = 2 into (ii), we have
n=92
=7

1M

1A

1A

(b) From (a), f(x) = 2x3 7x2 + x + 10.

The required remainder
= f(5)
= 2(5)3 7(5)2 + 5 + 10
= 250 175 + 5 + 10
= 90

1M
1A

13.
(a) h(x) = 2f(x) g(x)
= 2(x + 2)P(x) (x + 2)Q(x), where P(x)
and Q(x) are polynomials.
1M
= (x + 2)[2P(x) Q(x)]
h(x) is divisible by x + 2.
1A

1M+1A
1A

(b) f(x) is divisible by x + 2,

f(2) = 0
3
2
i.e. (2) + b(2) (2) a = 0

1M

8 + 4b + 2 a = 0
a 4b + 6 =
1M

5
5 5
m n 10 = 0
2
2 2
125
25
25
m n
=0
8
4
2
5m 2n + 4 =

1M

1M

0........................(i)
g(x) is divisible by x + 2,

g(2) = 0
3
2
i.e. a(2) + 9(2) + 7(2) 3b = 0
8a + 36 14 3b = 0
8a + 3b 22 =
0.................(ii)
(i) 8: 8a 32b + 48 =
0...................................(iii)
(ii) (iii): 35b 70 = 0
35b = 70

1M

1M

b =2
Substituting b = 2 into (i), we have

1A

a 4(2) + 6 = 0
a=2
1A
h(x) = 2(x3 + 2x2 x 2) (2x3 + 9x2 + 7x 6)
= 5x2 9x + 2
1A
(c)

h(x) = 0
5x2 9x + 2 = 0
5x2 + 9x 2 = 0
(5x 1)(x + 2) = 0
1
x = or x = 2
5

1M
1A+1A

4x 3 is a factor of f(x),
3
f =0
4

3
3
3
i.e. 4 + m n + 6 = 0
1M
4
4
4
27
9m 3n
+

+6=0
16
16
4
9m 12n + 123 = 0
3m 4n + 41 = 0
3m 41
1A
n
4

(b)

n < 14
3m 41
< 14
4
3m + 41 < 56

1M

3m < 15
m<5

1A

(c) (i)
5.

From (b), m is a positive integer less than

and 4.

3(1) 41
4

= 11.
When m = 2, n =

3( 2) 41
= 11.75.
4

When m = 3, n =

3(3) 41
= 12.5.
4
When m = 4, n =

14.
(a)

When m = 1, n =

The possible values of m are 1, 2, 3

3( 4) 41
= 13.25.
4
m = 1, n = 11

(ii) From (c)(i),

f(x) = 4x3 + x2 11x + 6
Using long division, we have
f(x) = (4x 3)(x2 + x 2)
= (4x 3)(x + 2)(x 1)

1M

1A+1A

1M+1A
1A