Indian Institute of Technology, Patna

MA102, Assignment-3: Linear Algebra

B.Tech -I year, Spring Semester: 2012-2013
(Linear Transformation, Eigenvalues, System of Equations)
1. Examine whether T is a linear mapping. if T is linear, nd KerT and ImT .
(i) T : R2 R2 dened by T (x, y) = (x + y, x y), (x, y) R2 .
(ii) T : R2 R3 dened by T (x, y) = (x + 2y, 2x + y, x + y), (x, y) R2 .
(iii) T : R3 R3 dened by T (x, y, z) = (yz, zx, xy), (x, y, z) R3 .
(iv) T : R3 R4 dened by T (x, y, z) = (x + y + z, x y + z, x + y z, +y + z), (x, y, z) R3 .
(v) T : R3 R3 dened by T (x, y) = (z, x, 0), (x, y, z) R3 .
(vi) T : R2 R dened by T (x, y) = c (a constant), (x, y) R2 .
3
(vii) T : Pn R dened by T (p) = 2 P (t)dt.
(viii) T : P2 P3 dened by T (a0 + a1 t) = 2 + a0 t + (a1 /2)t2 .
Pn denotes the vector space (over R) of the polynomials of degree at most (n 1) with real
coecients.
2. Consider the parallelogram ABCD in the plane, where A = (0, 0), B = (1, 0), C = (2, 1) and
D = (1, 1). Exhibit a linear operator T on R2 which transforms ABCD to the rectangle ABP Q
where P = (1, 1/2) and Q = (0, 1/2). Show that the points inside ABCD are taken by T to the
points inside ABP Q. Obtain the matrix of T with respect to the canonical basis.
3. Determine the linear mapping T : R3 R4 which maps the basis vectors (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0)
of R3 to (0, 1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1, 1) and (1, 1, 0, 1) respectively. Find KerT and ImT . Verify that
dim(Im(T))+dim(Ker(T))=3.
4. Prove that the linear mapping T : R3 R3 maps the bases vectors (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 2) (2, 2, 1) of
R3 to the vectors (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0) respectively is one-to-one and onto.
5. In each of the following, nd the matrix of the linear transformation T with respect to the B and
B/ .
(i) T : R2 R3 dened by T (x, y) = (2x 3y, x, y + 5x), B and B/ are the canonical basis of
R2 and R3 respectively.
(ii) B = {(1, 1), (4, 0)} and B/ = {(1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)}
6. Let m > n. Prove that there cannot exist (i) a linear transformation from F n onto F m , (ii) a
1-1 linear transformation from F m to F n , where F is nite dimensional.
7. Find the matrix of the linear transformation T : R2 R3 over R, dened as T (x, y) = (2x
3y, x, y+5x) with respect to the bases B = {(1, 1), (1, 1)} and B/ = {(1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2)}
of R2 and R3 respectively.
8. Find the eigenvectors of the following
matrices:

(
)
(
)
(
)
8 0 0
a
10 4
0.8 0.6
1
2
(i)
(ii)
(ii) 0 8 0 (iv)
(v) 1
18 12
0.6 0.8
0 3
0 0 8
0

1 0 2
9. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A = 0 2 1 and
2 0 3
1

1 0
2
a 1(vi) 0
1 1
1

0 1
1/2 0
0
4

hence, nd its inverse.

10. Show that all eigenvalues of Hermitian matrix are real.

11. Show that if is a characteristic root of A and A is non-singular,

is characteristic root of A1 .

12. Let A be a 2 2 matrix, then show that det(I + A) = 1 + det(A) i trace(A) = 0.

13. If A is an idempotent matrix, then prove that its eigen values are 0 and 1.
14. The characteristic roots of a 3 3 matrix A are known to be in arithmetic progression. Determine
them. Given that trace(A) = 15, det(A) = 80.

15. For any complex matrix A, show that rank(A) = rank(A).

16. For each positive integer k, nd a matrix A of order 2k and rank k such that A2 = 0.
17. Let A be a real skew-symmetric matrix of order n.
(i) If n is odd, show that det(A) = 0
(ii) If n is even, show that det(A) 0
(iii) For every n, show that det(I + A) 1
18. Show that a normal matrix is unitary i every eigenvalues has unit modulus.
19. Find a normal matrix which is none of: Hermitian, Skew-Hermitian, Unitary and Diagonal.
20. Let A be an n n matrix with integer entries. Show that the following are equivalents:
(a) For each b Z n , the system AX = b has an unique solution over R and the solution belongs
to Z n .
(b) A1 exists and the entries are integers.
(c) det(A) = 1
21. Consider the lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 in R2 . Let A be the 2 2 matrix
with (ai , bi ) as the ith row, i = 1, 2. Let B be the 2 3 matrix with (ai , bi , ci ) as the ith row,
i = 1, 2. Show the following:
(i) The lines are identical i rank(B) = 1.
(ii) The lines are parallel but not identical i rank(A) = 1 and rank(B) = 2.
(iii) The lines intersect but are not identical i rank(A) = 2.
22. Solve the following system by the Gauss elimination or indicate the non-existence of solution.
(i) 4x + y = 4, 5x 3y + z = 2, 9x + 2y z = 5
(ii) 7y + 3z = 12, 2x + 8y + z = 0, 5x + 2y 9z = 26
(iii) 10x + 4y 2z = 4, 3w 17x + y + 2z = 2, w + x + y = 6, 8w 34x + 16y 10z = 4
(iv) 12x 26y + 34z = 18, 30x + 65y 85z = 46
23. Aplly the Gauss-Seidel and Jocobi iteration methods to the following system. Do ve iteration
(0)
(0)
(0)
with initial guess x1 = 1, x2 = 1, x3 = 1
(i) 45x + 2y + z = 12, x + 4y + 2z = 15, x + 2y + 5z = 20
(ii) 10x + 2y + z = 9, 2x + 20y 2z = 44, 2x + 3y + 10z = 22
(iii) 54x + y + z = 110, 2x + 15y + 6z = 72, x + 6y + 27z = 85
(iv) 83x + 11y 4z = 95, 7x + 52y + 13z = 104, 3z + 8y + 29z = 71