Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ISSN:2320-0790
E-mail:liush02@126.com; chliush02@gmail.com
Abstract: Our main work in this study is to make a detailed discussion on the multi-criteria decision making with incomplete
information systems. At first, an algorithm is constructed to retrieve the missing criteria values by taking into account the local
similarity as well as global similarity of each two alternatives. Then, in view of different evaluation information representation,
we establish different making methods for the corresponding completed information system. By transforming interval-valued
information into intuitionistic fuzzy number, the cosine similarity measure based method is introduced to the decision making
problem with interval-valued evaluation information. Moreover, the aggregation operator based method is established for setvalued information. Especially, we propose a novel decision making approach for the hybrid evaluation information from
viewpoint of rough set theory. The validity of these decision making methods are demonstrated by corresponding synthetic
examples.
Keywords: aggregation operators; cosine similarity measure; incomplete information system; multi-criteria decision making;
rough sets
I. INTRODUCTION
cussed the multi-criteria decision making problem from
various viewpoints. Such as Chen and Yang [11], Xu and
Because of the diversity of the practical problem, how
Xia [12] discussed the multi-criteria decision making probto make scientific behaviors has become a cardinal task for
lems with intuitionistic fuzzy information (See [13] for
practitioners. Scholars have never given up the pursuit of
theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets). Ye [14], Park et al. [15]
making an ideal decision from theoretic aspects. However,
and Chen et al. [16] made a careful discussion on intervalas Herbert Simon pointed out, most people are only partly
valued intuitionistic fuzzy information for multi-criteria
rational, and are in fact emotional or irrational in the redecision-making (See [17] for interval-valued intuitionistic
maining part of their actions. Ideal solution is extremely
fuzzy set theory). He et al. [18] and Wei et al. [19] studied
intuitive when considering single criterion problems, since
multi-criteria decision making with triangular fuzzy numwe only need to choose the alternative with the highest
ber evaluation information. Chen and Li [20] extended the
preference rating. To make a balance among criteria when
evaluation information from triangular fuzzy number to
there are more than two criteria been taking into account,
triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number for multi-criteria dethe trade-off approaches usually are favored by many praccision-making. Ye [4] investigated it from viewpoint of
titioners. This leads to the emergency of multi-criteria
trapezoidal fuzzy number.
decision-making. In view of its potential advantages, this
On the other hand, the approach to deal with multitrade-off method has been combined with many theories, as
criteria decision-making is also an interesting thing for
fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set [1, 2], gray theory [3],
many practitioners. As is known to everyone, the approach
entropy theory[4], rough sets[5,6] et al. In addition, multiTechnique for Order Preferences by Similarity to an Ideal
criteria decision-making has found its application areas in
Solution (TOPSIS, for short) proposed by Hwang and
layout [7, 8], management [9, 10], and so on.
Yoon [21], has won its successful applications [15, 22, 23].
For a practical decision making problem, the number of
Another important trade-off method used widely by many
alternatives is usually finite, the same to that of criteria.
decision makers is aggregation operators. The essence of it
Therefore, the evaluation information of multi-criteria deciis to calculate the whole performance score of each object.
sion-making can be expressed by a matrix. In practical
Because there is no need to determine the ideal solution, it
decision making process, the acquisition of information
has been widely applied to multi-criteria decision making
always shows some uncertainty. Hence, many scholars dis-
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COMPUSOFT, An international journal of advanced computer technology, 2 (5), May-2013 (Volume-II, Issue-V)
Algorithm 1:
Completion of the incomplete information system
1.
Calculate OSU xi xi U ,c j A c j ( xi )
2.
3.
c p ( xi ) c p ( x j )
1if c ( x )
p
i
c p ( x j )
c p ( xi ) c p ( x j )
0if c ( x )
p
i
c p ( x j )
c ( x )
1if c p ( xi )
p j
s p ( xi ) 0.5if others
| c p ( xi ) c p ( x j ) |
c p ( xi )
| c ( x ) c ( x ) |if c p ( x j )
p
j
p i
4.
5.
missing information by C ( xi ) x j ( xi , x j ) T ,
6.
value.
For some c p ( xi ) , at first we compute
COMPUSOFT, An international journal of advanced computer technology, 2 (5), May-2013 (Volume-II, Issue-V)
C p ( xi ) {c p ( xit
) xit C ( xi ) c p ( xit ) } .
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
c p ( xi ) is interval-valued or set-valued.
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
c3
*
[0, 1.5]
*
[1, 2]
[0.5,1.5]
c4
*
[0.5, 1]
[1.5, 2]
*
[0.3,1.8]
c5
1,3
1,2
1,2,3
1,2
3
c6
3
*
*
2,3
1,2
0.3889
S A 0.6111
0.3056
0.6667
0.3889
1
0.4444
0.5417
0.5000
0.6111
0.4444
1
0.4444
0.1944
That is to say,
c5
1,3
1,2
1,2,3
1,2
3
c6
3
1,2,3
2,3
2,3
1,2
, n is an interval-valued.
with condition eijr eijl 0 .
0.3056
0.5417
0.4444
1
0.2778
, m and j 1, 2,
for i 1, 2,
0
0 0.5 0
1
1
0 0.5 1
0
s1 0
0
1 0.5 0
c4
[0.3,2]
[0.5,1]
[1.5,2]
[0.5,2]
[0.3,1.8]
c3
[0.5,1.5]
[0, 1.5]
[0,2]
[1,2]
[0.5,1.5]
c2
2
*
2
0
1
c2
2
[0,2]
2
0
1
c1
3
2
1
*
2
c1
3
2
1
[1,2]
2
0.6667
0.5000
0.1944
0.2778
1
3.
C ( x3 ) {x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 }C ( x4 ) {x2 , x3 , x4 }
Let
eij
eijl
max eijr
i
l
(eij ,1 eijr )
and eijr
for i 1, 2,
eijr
max eijr
, m , j 1, 2,
,n .
COMPUSOFT, An international journal of advanced computer technology, 2 (5), May-2013 (Volume-II, Issue-V)
4.
j
(1 j )
j eij
j 1
n .If c j is benefit,
then ide*j
(1, 0) ,and
ide*j
E ( xi )
(0,1) if
for i 1, 2,
c j is cost.
5.
4.
, where
j
5.
,m.
Algorithm 3:
Approach to multi-criteria decision making with incomplete set-valued data
1. Complete the incomplete information system by Algorithm 1.
2. Here we suppose that eij* for i 1, 2, , m and j
1, 2,
where eij*
eij*
max eij
3.
1
ei* .
| E ( xi ) | e*E ( x )
In view of the process of multi-criteria decision making, the essence of which is to establish a technique for
decision makers to select the most desirable alternative.
After a series of calculation, we can assign a real number to
each possible alternative, the so- called performance score.
In fact, the procedure for getting the performance score is
to comparing with each alternative under all criteria by
means of trade-off technique. If the criterion were benefit,
then the larger the value of corresponding alternative with
respect to this criteria, the better the alternative would be.
Analogous, if the criterion is a cost criterion, then the
smaller the better. Under such circumstance, the selection
of the most desirable alternative is to construct the partial
ordering relationship among alternative under all criteria.
Generally, the theory of rough sets [35-37] is based on
partition mechanism where the binary relation plays a vital
role. The great advantage of which is that it does not need
any prior knowledge. Hence, it has been applied widely and
successfully in many areas. By taking the limitation of
equivalence binary relation into consideration, Greco et al.
proposed dominance relation based rough set model [5, 38,
39].
Next we introduce a decision making approach for
multi-criteria decision making with incomplete hybrid information from viewpoint of rough set. Before detailed
description, let Ab is the set of benefit criteria and Ac is
the set of cost criteria. Then we construct the dominance
relation on criteria set AT of the incomplete information
system as follows.
, m and j 1, 2,
2,
eijr
if c j is a cost criterion.
6.
eijl
E ( xi )
j 1
1
j 1
xi under all
117
COMPUSOFT, An international journal of advanced computer technology, 2 (5), May-2013 (Volume-II, Issue-V)
RA ( xi , x j ) c p ( xi )p c p ( x j ) c p Ab
b
In view of its meaning for objects ranking, The dominance degree Dg as well as global dominance degree
DA is based on hypothesis that the criteria values are
all known and all criteria are benefit criteria. Here, we take
two situations into account, there exist unknown criteria
values, and the criteria set contains cost and benefit criteria.
Suppose that for an incomplete information system,
AT {c1 , c2 , , cn } is the set of criteria, such that
RA ( xi , x j ) cq ( x j )q cq ( xi ) cq Ac
c
AT Ab
c p ( xi )c p ( x j )
,
c p ( xi )p c p ( x j )
r
r
c p ( xi )c p ( x j )
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
RA
Example 4.1 Table 3 is the completion of an incomplete information system with five alternatives and four
criteria. Here we suppose that benefit criteria is
Ab {c1 , c2 , c3} and cost criteria is Ac {c4 } .
( xi ,x j )
c p Ab c p ( xi )p c p ( x j )
c p Ac c p ( x j )p c p ( xi )
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
[ xi ]AT x
j ( x j , xi ) RA ( xi , x j ) RA .
b
Dg ( xi , x j ) 1
[ xi ]AT
(~ [ x j ]AT )
|U |
{x
[ x j ]AT } . So much for this, the global dominance
i xi
RAT
DAT ( xi )
c1
2
3
2
2
1
c2
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.6
c3
[0.4, 0.7]
[0.6, 0.8]
[0.1, 0.6]
[0.8, 0.9]
[0.1, 0.6]
c4
1
1, 2
1
1
1,2
Next, we make an analysis for this decision information system. By computing, we have that
degree of
, m}
same to that of q .
Ac . Vp {eipi 1, 2,
RAT RA
Ac and Ab
Therefore,
1
Dg ( xi , x j ).
| U | x U
j
118
( x1 , x1 ) ( x1 , x3 ) ( x1 , x5 ) ( x2 , x2 )
( x2 , x5 ) ( x3 , x3 ) ( x3 , x5 ) ( x4 , x1 )
( x , x ) ( x , x ) ( x , x ) ( x , x )
4 4
4 5
5 5
4 3
COMPUSOFT, An international journal of advanced computer technology, 2 (5), May-2013 (Volume-II, Issue-V)
Example 4.2(Continued from Example 4.1) by computing one get that [ xi ]A(*) [ xi ]AT for i 1, 2, ,5 ,
[ x5 ]AT {x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 }
With foregoing definitions, we have that
1
0.8
Dg 0.8
1
0.6
0.6 1 0.8 1
1 0.8 0.8 1
0.4 1 0.6 1
0.8 1
1 1
0.6 0.4 0.8 1
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we discussed the approaches to multicriteria decision making with incomplete evaluation information. To retrieve the missing criteria values, we first
introduced the global similarity between two alternatives
by considering the weighted local similarity of them. Then,
the pre-established threshold can be applied to determine
the similar class of each alternative. Once the incomplete
information system was completed, different approaches
for multi-criteria decision making with different evaluation
information were proposed, such as cosine similarity measure based method for interval-valued information system
and aggregation operator based method for set-valued information system. Especially, rough set approach was
established for the multi-criteria decision making problems
with hybrid evaluation information. It should be pointed
that the validity of all proposed approached are examined
by corresponding examples.
Hence,
DAT ( x1 ) 0.88DAT ( x2 ) 0.88
DAT ( x3 ) 0.76DAT ( x4 ) 0.96
DAT ( x5 ) 0.72
x1 x2
x5 , in which
x3
Obviously, the rough set approach to multi-criteria decision making reduces subjective factors during decision
process, such as the determination of criteria weights, etc.
Attribute reduction [37, 41] is one of the important
knowledge of rough set theory. Its basic idea is to delete
the redundant attributes without changing the classification
ability. Therefore, for the problem of multi-criteria decision
making, one can reduce redundant criteria before computing the dominance class for each alternative. The reason of
it is that the dominance class of each alternative directly
influences the possible alternative ranking results. Hence,
the Algorithm 4 can be changed into following steps:
Algorithm 4*: changing version of Algorithm 4.
1. Complete the incomplete information system by Algorithm 1.
2. Determine the benefit criteria Ab and cost criteria Ac
according to the practical problems, such that Ab Ac
A and Ab Ac .
3. Determine the dominance relation on criteria set Ab by
Definition 4.1.
4. Look for the reduction of the completed incomplete
information system, and denoted by A(1) , A(2) , , A( k ) ,
where k is the number of possible reductions.
(*)
R (*)
A
5.
6.
1, 2, , m by Definition 4.2.
Calculate Dg ( xi , x j ) for i, j 1, 2,
7.
8.
and
[ xi ]A(*)
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for i
[10]
, m.
[11]
, m.
[12]
,m.
[13]
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