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Three Factors to
Consider for Smooth
Migration to 40G
10GbE (Gigabit Ethernet) is no longer enough for the increasing need for high speed transmission
with applications like Big Data, Cloud and Internet of Things being introduced in a variety of
industries. Transmission network migration to 40/100G has already been the industry consensus. As
the cost for 100G is far beyond what most companies can afford and the technology for 100G is still
not mature, there is still a gap to reach the transmission speed of 100 Gb/s. However, to satisfy the
current need for data rate, 40G could be a better and more economic solution. Currently the servers
in many data centers are ready to carry the transmission of 40 Gb/s. The core technologies of 40G
are gradually mature. In addition, more manufacturers are battling for the 40G market, which drives
down the 40G deployment price.
Unlike 1G migrating to 10G, 10G migration to 40G get across a much larger span in terms of not only
transmission data rate but also technologies. Thus, the deployment of 40G migration is much more
complicated than that of 10G. Three factors should be considered to increase the reliability and
manageability for 40G migration. They are fiber optic transceiver, transmission media, and
pre-terminated MPO assemblies.

Fiber Optic Transceiver

Fiber optic interconnection is indispensable in todays telecommunication network. Photoelectric
conversion is a necessary part in fiber optic network. The function of fiber optic transceiver is
photoelectric conversion, which makes it one of the most commonly used components in the data
center. Without it, the data center cannot run normally.

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As for 40G migration, transceivers of two different package forms are commonly used: QSFP+
transceiver (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus transceiver) and CFP transceiver (C Form-factor
Pluggable transceiver). QSFP+transceiver is more popular in 40G application. A single 40G fiber
optic transceiver may not be expensive. However, to a medium-sized data center, thousand of
optical transceivers might be needed. The total cost on optical transceivers is a large sum of money.
The switch market has already been monopolized. Luckily, the transceiver market is not. Third party
transceivers that are compatible with a variety types of switches can be found in todays market.
They have the same performances that the original brand transceivers have, but cost less money.
Selecting compatible transceivers has become the choice of many data centers. Cost is one aspect
that should be considered in 40G optical transceiver selection. Quality is also very important. Not all
the third party transceivers are created equal. Selecting the compatible 40G transceivers from a
company that assures 100% compatibility and interoperability is necessary. The above picture
shows the testing of Cisco compatible QSFP-40G-LR4 transceivers on a Cisco switch to ensure its
compatibility and interoperability.

Transmission Media
40G standards of IEEE have already been announced several years ago. To meet various situations,
there are standards for different transmission media. Although fiber optic cable is becoming more
and more popular, there is still a place for copper cable in data center. Standards for both copper
and fiber optic are being used. Commonly used 40G Ethernet media systems include the following:

40GBASE-CR4: 40Gb/s Ethernet over copper cable in short transmission distance.

40GBASE-SR4: 40Gb/s Ethernet over four short-range multimode fiber optic cables.

40GBASE-LR4: 40Gb/s Ethernet over four wavelengths carried by a signal long-distance single
mode fiber optic cable.

It comes to the old question: fiber optic cable or copper cable, which should be used in 40G
migration? Copper is cheaper. But it can only support 40G transmission limited to several meters.
Single mode fiber optic cable supports the longest 40G transmission distance up to 10 km. For
multimode fiber optic cables, OM3 and OM4 are suggested to support short distance transmission.
The longest distance that OM3 can support for 40G transmission is 100 m. OM4 can support a
longest 40G transmission distance of 150 m. The selection of transmission media should depend on
the specific applications.

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MPO Assemblies for 40G

According to the IEEE standards, the 40G multimode Ethernet transmission uses four multimode
fiber optic cables. The IEEE 802.3ba standard also specifies multi-fiber push-on (MPO) connectors
for standard-length multimode fiber connectivity. Most of the 40G multimode Ethernet transceivers
are based on the MPO technology. It is wise to increase fiber optic density by using MPO technology,
but a new problem is coming up. As the fiber number increased, the cabling and splicing difficulty in
data center increased. Unlike traditional two-strand fiber connections, MPO connectors cannot be
field terminated easily. Most of the data centers choose the pre-terminated MPO assemblies (as
shown in the above picture) in 40G deployment, which is more reliable and can save more human
labor. Before cabling, determine the cabling lengths and customized pre-terminated MPO
assemblies with manufacturers would save a lot of time and money.

Conclusion
Selecting a compatible third party transceiver of high quality in 40G transmission would save a lot of
money. Combining specific applications and characteristics of 40G transmission media, would help
to determine the most economic and reliable 40G deployment plan. Pre-terminated MPO
assemblies are necessary for flexible and manageable cabling in 40G deployment. 40G migration is
happening now and it will become a milestone in the history of network transmission.

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Notice: This document is for informational purposes only and does not set forth any warranty, expressed or
implied, concerning any equipment, equipment features, or service offered or to be offered by Fiberstore.
Fiberstore reserves the right to make changes to this document at any time, without notice, and assumes no
responsibility for its use. This information document describes features that may not be currently available.
Contact a Fiberstore sales team for information on feature and product availability.

Fiberstore (FS.COM) |Three Factors to Consider for Smooth Migration to 40G