DETERMINATION OF DENSITIES

Jonas Z. Balingbing
Karla R. Inocencio
Gerlyn Dayrit
Deah jay cordenillo

De La Salle University-Dasmarias
Dasmarias, Cavite, Philippines

ABSTRACT

Small amount of some Carbonates from group of Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals and non-metals
are placed on different test tubes. Their characteristics are namely in color, appearance, solubility
and physical state. By doing such, the experiment exhibited the common characteristics of
elements that do belong to the same group. It also showed that all elements that belong to Group
Alkali metals are soluble. Group Alkali earth metal elements showed solubility too, however, some
of its member elements did not submitted to its solvent. The knowledge of chemical periodicity
can help one predict the properties of a known or an unknown elements.

INTRODUCTION

periodic functions of their atomic masses.

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement

of the chemical elements, ordered by their
atomic
electron

number

(number

configurations,

of

protons),

and

recurring

chemical properties. During the first half of

the 19th century more than 60 elements
were identified and their chemical and
physical characteristics were described. It
was discovered that by listing the known
elements in order of increasing atomic
mass, the chemical and physical properties
of the elements could be described as

Mendeleev

and

Meyer

independently

produced the first periodic table in which

the list of elements begins a new row every
seventh element

(every eighth element

today) as the properties repeat. Where the

periodicity broke down, Mendeleev left gaps
in the periodic table which he predicted
would

eventually

be

filled

by

newly

discovered elements. The modern periodic

table is listed not by increasing atomic
mass, but by increasing atomic number.

STATE

MATERIALS

AND

SAMPLE

METHODS
C
In the following
Experimental
procedure there
are thirteen
reagent samples
the Li2CO3,

PHYSICAL
STATE

COLOR
Li2CO3

Solid

Black
Na2CO3

Sn

Solid

Silver
K2CO2

Solid
Pb

APPEARAN

Powder

Insoluble

CaCO3
solid
White
Dirty White
Powder

Powder

Insoluble

BaCO3

Powder

Insoluble

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

COLOR

Thin and
Solid
White
IrregularlyShaped
Solid
White

Soluble

Powder

Na2CO3,K2CO3,MgCO3,CaCO3, BaCO3, C,
Si, Sn, Pb, MgO,CaO and Distilled water as
well. The first thing you should do is to
place a small amount of each sample of
Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, MgCO3, CaCO2,
and BaCO3 in different test tubes. Next is to
identify the physical state, color, and
appearance, of each. Test the solubility in
10.0mL distilled water. Next Place a small
amount of MgO and CaO in different test
tubes. Test solubility in 10.0 mL distilled
water. And then obtain small amount of
dissolved metal oxides in water and place in
a watch glass and add strips of blue and red
litmus papers and identify the observed
color reactions. Lastly indicate the
corresponding pertinent chemical reaction
between the metal oxide and water.

PHYSICAL

Shaped
Solid
White

Soluble

Soluble

Solid

COMPOUND

APPEARANC
E
Solid
White Crystallike
Irregularly-

Y IN WATER

Granules

MgCO3
Si

CE

SOLUBILIT

Solid

Black

White
Granules

REFERENCES

(1) Chang, R. & Overby, J. 2011.General

Chemistry: The Essential Concepts. 6Th
edition. USA: McGraw-Hill
(2) Figueroa, L. V. and Samonte, J.L. 2007.
Laboratory Manual for General Chemistry.
3rd Ed. Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
(3) Chang, R., Chemistry. 6Th ed.
NY: WBC Mc Graw Hill, 1998