IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 08 | February 2016

ISSN (Online): 2349-784X

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with

Balking and Reneging
M. R. Dhakad
Directed of Technical Education Bhopal

Madhu Jain
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Abstract
This paper presents a study of controllable Markovian queueing system with interdependent rates. The customers behavior is
incorporated according to which balking and reneging with certain probability is taken into account. The models with finite
capacity (FCM) and finite population (FPM) are developed. We derive queue size distribution, which is further employed to
derive formulae for average number of customers in the system and the expected waiting times for both models. Some earlier
results are deduced by setting suitable parameters.
Keywords: Controllable Queue, Interdependent rates, Balking, Reneging, Multi- servers, Queue size
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
Markovian analysis is a way of analyzing the current movement of some variables in an effort to forecast its future movement.
Multi-server Markovian models can play a significant role in day-to-day queueing situations encountered, marketing, production,
transportation, computer, communication and manufacturing systems etc. In many real life queueing situations due to long queue
of customers, the arriving customers may be discouraged. The balking and reneging phenomena arise in the queueing system
when the customers leave the system before joining the queue and depart after joining the queue without getting service due to
impatience, respectively. Many researchers have done a lot of work on queueing models with balking and reneging in different
frame-works. Haghighi et al. [6] obtained the steady-state distribution for multi-server Markovian queueing system with balking
and reneging. Abou-El-alta and Hariri [1] discussed M/M/C/N queue with balking and reneging. Various aspects of balking and
reneging can be found in the textbook by Hillier and Lieberman [7]. The single-server Markovian overflow queue with balking,
reneging and an additional server for longer queues was also analysed by Abou-El-alta and Shawky [2]. Jain and singh [10]
derived steady state probability distribution and various characteristics for M/M/m queue with balking, reneging and additional
servers. Abou-El-alta and Kote [3] included the concept of linearly dependent service rate for the M/M/1/N queue with genral
balk function, reflecting barrier, reneging and an additional server for longer queues. The controllable queue with balking and
reneging. To reduce the balking behavior of the customers in the controllable queue, the provision of additional removable
servers, considered by Jain and Sharma (14). Singh et al. (15) have examined a Single server interdependent queueing model
with controllable arrival rates and reneging. Jain et al. (16) described the controllable and interdependent rates for the machine
re-pair problem (MRP) with additional repairman and mixed standbys. Yang et al.(17) considered the optimization and
sensitivity analysis for controlling the arrivals in the queueing system with single working vacation. A Balking and reneging in
multi-server Markovian queuing system was examined by Choudhury and Medhi (18). Mandelblaum and Momcilovic (19)
described a queues with many Servers and Impatient Customers. Kumar and Sharma (20) have present a multi-server Markovian
Feedback Queue with Balking Reneging and Retention of Reneged Customers.
In this investigation we develop finite controllable Markovian queueing model with balking and reneging by applying birthdeath process. We obtain queue size distribution, the average number of customers in the system and waiting time. We also
deduce some particular cases by setting suitable parameters.

II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Consider a finite controllable Markovian queueing system with balking and reneging. To formulate the problem mathematically,
the following postulates are taken into consideration;
The pattern of arrival is Poisson with mean rate and the service is provided in exponential fashion with mean rate .
The system is operated by controllable arrival rates with prescribed forward and backward threshold values; when the
queue size reaches the forward threshold level (say R), the arrival rate reduces from to 1 . However as soon as the

queue size reduces to backward threshold level (say r), the arrival rate changes to and the same process continues to be
repeated. The system said to level 0(zero) and 1 when customers arrive with rate and 1 respectively.
The customers may balk depending upon the queue size. The probability of joining the queue is a non-linear function of the
number of servers per customer.

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36

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 006)

The state-dependent arrival rate for finite capacity model (FCM) is given by

e
,
n C

C
(n)
C n R 1
for level 0
e ,
n

C
r R n K,
for level 1
1 e ,

n 1
where K is the finite capacity of the system.
The state-dependent arrival rate for finite population model (FPM) is given as follows

M n e
,

C
( n ) M n
C
e ,
n 1

n
r

1 e ,

n 1

where M is the finite population size.

The customers may also renege due to impatience while they are
according to exponential distribution with parameter .

(n)

(1)

n C
n R 1

for level 0

R n M,

(2)

for level 1

waiting in the queue. The reneging phenomenon occurs

n e

C e n C

nC
C n L

The state-dependent service rate

for finite capacity model (FCM)
and finite population model (FPM)
are given as follows

(3)

where L takes value K and M for FCM and FPM models, respectively.

III. QUEUE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

Let us denote
Pn 0 as the steady state probability at zero level when that there are n customers in the system, and the customers arrive

in the system with faster rate and exists for states 0 n R 1 .

Pn 1 as the steady state probability at level 1 when there are n customers in the system, and the system is operating with

slower arrivals rate 1 and exists for states r 1 n L .

where L takes value K(M) for finite capacity (population) model.
Now we obtain steady -state queue size distribution, average queue length and expected waiting time for both finite capacity
and finite population models by using the respective arrival and service rates for the construction of governing ChapmanKolmogorov equation at equilibrium.
Finite Capacity Model (FCM)
The steady-state equations governing the FCM model are given by
0 e P0 0 e P1 0

(4)

0 e n e Pn 0 e Pn 1 0 n 1 e Pn 1 0 , 1 n C

0 n n Pn 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 , C n r 1

0 r r Pr 0 r 1 Pr 1 0 r 1 Pr 1 0 r 1 Pr 1 1

(5)
(6)
(7)

0 n n Pn 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 , r 1 n R 2

(8)

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37

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

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0 R 1 R 1 PR 1 0 R 2 PR 2 0

(9)

0 r 1 r 1 Pr 1 1 r 2 Pr 2 1

(10)

'
'
0 n n Pn 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 , r 2 n R 1
0 P 1
P 1
P 0
P 1
'
'
R n K
0 n n Pn 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 ,
'

'

where n

n 1

'

e ; n
'

R 1 R 1

n 1

R 1 R 1

1 e

(11)
(12)

R 1 R 1

(13)

and n C e n C .

The expressions for Pn ( 0 ) ( 0 n C ) is derived using equations (4) & (5) and is given by,
n

1 e

P0 0 , 0 n C
Pn ( 0 )
n! e

(14)

The expression for Pn ( 0 ) ( C n r ) are recursively obtained from equation (6) as,
n
n c 1
1
e (C !)
.C

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 ,
n

e
( n! )
Bi

Bi 1

where

C n r

(15)

i C 1

i C

C e

Equations (7) and (8) yield,

n

e ( C ! ) 1 .C n c 1

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 n r Pr 1 1 , r 1 n R 1
n

e
( n! )
Bi

(16)

i C 1

where 1 1 ; 2 2 ; i i i 1 i i 2 , for i 3 ; i

r i 1 r i 1
r i

and i

r i 2

Using equation (9), the expression for Pr 1 (1) in terms of P0 0 is given by,

r i

Pr 1 (1) W . P0 0
e

W
e

where

(17)
(C !)

( R!)

R c 1

.C
R

B i . R r

i C 1

Putting the value of Pr 1 (1) from equation (17) in (16), we get,

n
n c 1
1
e (C !)
.C

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 n r W . P0 0 , r 1 n R 1
n

e
( n! )
Bi

(18)

i C 1

From equations (10) and (11), we obtain Pn (1) as,

Pn (1) n rW .P0 ( 0 ) ,
'

r 1 n R

(19)

r i 1 r i 1

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

r i

r i2
'

'

where 2 2 ; i i i 1 i i 2 , for i 3 ; i

and

'

r i

Equation (13) gives

Pn 1 [ n rW D n ] P0 0 ,
'

R n M

(20)

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38

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 006)

where D R 1 R 1 R 1 r .W R 1S ; D n n D n 1 n D n 2 , for n R 2 ;
'

and S
e

'

R 1

(C !)

.C

'

'

R 1 c 1

( R 1! )

R 1

Bi

i C 1

Probability of System Being Empty

The probability that system is in empty state i.e. P0 ( 0 ) can be calculated by using normalizing condition,
R 1

Pn (1) 1

Pn ( 0 )

n0

(21)

n r 1

so that we obtain
P0 ( 0 )

1 e

n 0 n! e
C

n C 1 e
r

(C !)

( n! )

.C

n c 1
n

Bi

i C 1

n r 1 e
R 1

(C !)

( n! )

.C

n c 1
n

(22)

P0 0 n r W

Bi

i C 1
R

n rW

'

n r 1

n rW D n
'

n R 1

Mean Queue Length

We find the expected number of customers in the system as
L

e
( n 1)! e

n0
C

n C 1

(C !)

.C

(( n 1)! )

n c

Bi

i C 1

1
n
n r 1

n
e ( C ! ) 1 .C n c 1

n n rW
n

e
(( n 1)! )
Bi

R 1

i C 1

n n r W
K

n n rW
'

n r 1

'

Dn

P0 (0 )

(23)

n R 1

Expected Waiting Time

By using the Littles formula, we calculate the expected waiting time of the customer in the system as
L
E (w)
(24)

where is the effective mean arrival rate of the system and is given by
R 1

n0

Pn ( 0 )

C
n 1 Pn ( 0 )

n C 1

C
n 1 1 Pn (1)

n r 1

Finite Population Model (FPM)

The steady-state equations governing the FPM model are given by
0 M e P0 0 e P1 0

(25)

0 M n e n e Pn 0 M ( n 1) e Pn 1 0 n 1 e Pn 1 0
1 n C

0 n n Pn 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 , C n r 1

(26)
(27)

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39

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 006)

0 r r Pr 0 r 1 Pr 1 0 r 1 Pr 1 0 r 1 Pr 1 1

(28)

0 n n Pn 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 n 1 Pn 1 0 , r 1 n R 2

(29)

0 R 1 R 1 PR 1 0 R 2 PR 2 0

(30)

0 r 1 r 1 Pr 1 1 r 2 Pr 2 1

(31)

'
'
0 n n Pn 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 , r 2 n R 1
0 P 1
P 1
P 0
P 1
'
'
R n M
0 n n Pn 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 n 1 Pn 1 1 ,
'

'

'

C
where n M n

n 1

R 1 R 1

R 1 R 1

(32)
(33)

R 1 R 1

C
'
e ; n M n

n 1

(34)

1 e

and n C e n C
Equation (25) provides,
M e
P1 0
P 0
e 0

(35)

From equation (26), the expression for Pn ( 0 ) , ( 1 n C ) is given by,

n

P 0 , 1 n C
Pn ( 0 )
M n ! n! e 0
M!

(36)

The expression for Pn ( 0 ) ( C n r ) is recursively derived from equation (27) as follow,

n
n c 1
1
e (C !)
.C

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 , C n r
n
M n ! e

( n! )
Bi

M!

i C 1

i C
.
C e

where B i 1

(37)

From equations (28) and (29), the expression for Pn ( 0 ) ( r 1 n R 1 ) is obtained as,
Pn ( 0 )

n
n c 1
1
e (C !)
.C

P0 0 n r Pr 1 1 , r 1 n R 1 (38)
n
M n ! e

( n! )
Bi

M!

i C 1

where 1 1 ; 2 2 ; i i i 1 i i 2 , for i 3 ; i
and i

r i 1 r i 1
r i

r i 2
r i

Equation (30) gives the expression for Pr 1 (1) in terms of P0 0 as,

Pr 1 (1) U .P0 0

where U
M n ! e
M!

(C !)

(39)
1

( R!)

.C

R c 1

B i . R r

i C 1

Substituting the value of Pr 1 (1) from (39) in equation (40), Pn ( 0 ) is obtained as,

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40

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 006)
n
n c 1
1
e (C !)
.C

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 n r U . P0 0 , r 1 n R 1
n
M n ! e

( n! )
B
i

M!

(40)

i C 1

From equations (31) and (32), we obtain Pn (1) as,

Pn (1) n rU .P0 ( 0 ) , r 1 n R
'

(41)

r i 1 r i 1
'

where 2 2 ; i i i 1 i i 2 , for i 3 ; i
'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

r i

r i2
'

and

'

r i

From equation (34), the value of Pn 1 is obtained as,

Pn 1 [ n rU H n ] P0 0 ,
'

R n M

(42)

where H n n H n 1 n H n 2 , n R 2 ; H R 1 R 1 R 1 r .U R 1G
'

and

'

M ( R 1) ! e
M!

R 1

(C !)

'

'

R 1 c 1

.C

( R 1! )

R 1

Bi

i C 1

Probability of system being in empty state ( P0 ( 0 ) )

The probability P0 ( 0 ) can be calculated by using normalizing condition as

P0 ( 0 )

M n ! n! e

M!

n0

e ( C ! ) 1 .C n c 1

n C 1 M n ! e
( n! )
Bi
r

M!

i C 1

R 1

n ! e

M!

n r 1 M

(C !)

( n! )

.C

n c

n rU

Bi

i C 1

n rU

'

n r 1

( n r U H n )
'

(43)

n R 1

Mean Queue Length

The expected number of customers in the system is given by
L

M n ! ( n 1)! e
M!

n0

n C 1

M! e

M n ! e
n

(C !)

.C

(( n 1)! )

n c

Bi

i C 1

n
n c 1
1
1

M ! e (C !)
.C
n

n n rU

n r 1 M n ! e
(( n 1)! )
Bi

i C 1

R 1

n r 1

n n rU
'

n ( n r U H n ) P0 ( 0 )
'

(44)

n R 1

IV. SOME PARTICULAR CASES

In this section we discuss some special cases, which match with the earlier existing results by setting appropriate parameters.

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41

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 006)

1) Case I: When 0 i.e. there is no balking, the performance indices for finite capacity and finite population models
reduce to the following forms;
ForFP Mmodel:

1 e

P0 0 ,
n! e

n
1
e

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 ,
n
e C n c C B
i

i C 1
n

1
e
P0 0 Q n r V . P0 0 ,

n
e
n c
C
C ! Bi

i C 1

1 n C

C n r

r 1 n R 1

Where Q1 1 ; Q 2 2 ; Q i i Q i 1 i Q i 2 , for i 3 ; i

r i 2

and V
e

r i

1
R
R c
C
C ! B i .Q R r

(45)

r i 1 r i 1
r i

i C 1

'

Q n rV

. P0 ( 0 )
,
r 1 n R
Pn (1)
'

( Q n r V A n ) P0 0 , R n K

(46)

r i 1 r i 1
'

where Q 2 2 ; Q i i Q i 1 i Q i 2 , for i 3 ; i
'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

r i

r i2
'

and
also
and

'

r i

An n An 1 n An 2 ; AR 1 R 1Q R 1 r .V R 1T , for n R 2
R 1
.
e
1
'

'

R 1 c
C!

'

'

R 1

Bi

i C 1

For FPM Model:

In this case we obtain

e
M!

P0 0 ,
M n ! n!
e

n
e
M!
1

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 ,
e
n

n
!

C !C
Bi

i C 1
n

M
!

e
1

P0 0 n r H . P0 0

n
M n !
e C !C n c B
i

i C 1

1 n C

(47)

C n r

,r 1 n R 1

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42

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

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H
M n ! e
M!

1
R
R c
C
C ! B i . R r

r i 1 r i 1

i i i 1 i i 2 , for i 3 ;

2 2 ;

1 1 ;

where

r i

r i 2
r i

and

i C 1

And

H . P0 ( 0 ) ,
r 1 n R
Pn (1) n r
'
( n r H E n ) P0 0 , R n M
'

(48)

r i 1 r i 1

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

r i

'

Also E n n E n 1 n E n 2 , n R 2 ; E R 1 R 1 R 1 r H R 1 Z
'

'

and Z
M ( R 1) ! e
M!

R 1

'

1
R 1
R 1 c
C
C ! Bi

r i2
'

'

where 2 2 ; i i i 1 i i 2 , i 3 ; i

'

r i

,.

i C 1

2) Case II: When C=1, 0 , 0 , i. e. for single server queue without discouragement,
We set
i
for i R

1
for r i R and , i R L
In this case our model reduces to the M/M/1 interdependent queueing model with controllable arrival rates. The same case for
infinite capacity was discussed in [9]. We get results for FCM and FPM models as follow;
FCM Model:

P0 0 ,
1 n 1
e

n
1
e

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 ,
1 n r
n
e ( n! ) B
i

i2
n

1
e
P0 0 q n r a . P0 0 , r 1 n R 1

n
e

(
n
!
)
B

i2

where

1
( R!)

(49)

B i .q R r

i2

And
q ' a . P ( 0 ) ,
0
Pn (1) n r
'
( q n r a d n ) P0 0 ,

r 1 n R

(50)

R n M

r i 1 r i 1

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

r i

d n n d n 1 n d n 2 , n R 2 ; d R 1 R 1q R 1 r .a R 1 f
'

'

'

'

r i2
'

'

where q 2 2 ; q i i q i 1 i q i 2 , for i 3 ; i

'

r i

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43

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 006)

and f

R 1

1
(( R 1)! )

R 1

Bi

i2

FPM Model:
In this model, we obtain

M e P 0 ,
0
e

n
e
M!
1

Pn ( 0 )
P0 0 ,
n
M n ! e ( n! ) B
i

i2
n

e
M!
1

P0 0
n
M n ! e

( n! ) B i

i2

where

1 1;

2 2 ;
'

'

l
M n ! e
M!

'

i
'

1
( R!)

'

i 1

i
'

'

n 1

'

n r l . P0

for i 3 ;

i2,

(51)

1 n r

0 , r

'

1 n R 1

r i 1 r i 1
r i

i
'

r i 2
r i

and

B i .

'

Rr

i2

Also

l .P (0 ) ,

Pn (1) n r 0
"

( n r l h n ) P0 0 ,
''

r 1 n R

(52)

R n M

r i 1 r i 1
'

where 2 2 ; i i i 1 i i 2 , for i 3 ; i
"

''

"

'' ''

'' ''

''

hn n hn 1 n hn 2 , n R 2 ; hR 1 R 1
"

"

and p
M ( R 1) ! e
M!

R 1

"

'

R 1 r .l

1
(( R 1)! )

R 1

r i
R 1 p
"

r i2
'

"

r i

Bi

i C 1

3) Case III: When e=0, 0 , 0 and 1 , then our model reduces to the classical finite population M/M/C model.
4) Case IV: When 0 , 0 i.e. the customers behavior is not taken account and N , our results of FCM model
tally with those of Aftab and Maheswari [11].

V. DISCUSSION
In this investigation we have developed finite controllable Markovian models with balking and reneging. The arrival rate
influenced by the queue size is included which is further controlled by forward and backward preassigned threshold levels. The
explicit formulae for queue size distribution, average number of customers in the system and expected waiting times are
established. The concept of balking and reneging used in the system modeling makes our models closer to the real life situation.

REFERENCES
[1]

Abou-El-alta, M.O. and Hariri, A.M.A. (1992): The M/M/C/N queue with balking and reneging. Computers and Operations Research, Vol. 19(8), pp. 713716.

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44

Finite Controllable Markovian Model with Balking and Reneging

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 006)
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