Module08.

BasicAerodynamics

08.1.PhysicsoftheAtmosphere.

QuestionNumber.
1.
TheISA.

OptionA.
assumesastandardday.

OptionB.
istakenfromtheequator.

OptionC.
istakenfrom45degreeslatitude.

CorrectAnsweris. istakenfrom45degreeslatitude.

Explanation. Thepropertiesofastandarddayarerelatedtosealevelatlatitude45degreeslatitude.SeetheForumformoredetails.

QuestionNumber.
2.
Athigheraltitudesasaltitudeincreases,pressure.

OptionA.
decreasesatconstantrate.

OptionB.
decreasesexponentially.

OptionC.
increasesexponentially.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasesexponentially.

Explanation. Pressuredecreasessure!Buttherateofdecreasereduceswithaltitude.At18000ft,halfthepressureislostalready,
andthereisstillanother40,000ftorsotogo.

QuestionNumber.
3.
Whenthepressureishalfofthatatsealevel,whatisthealtitude?.

OptionA.
12,000ft.

OptionB.
18,000ft.

OptionC.
8,000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. 18,000ft.

Explanation. JustoneofthosefactsyouhavetolearnbutitisquotedinjustabouteverytextbookonCAAreadinglist.

QuestionNumber.
4.
Ifgaugepressureonastandarddayatsealevelis25PSI,theabsolutepressureis.

OptionA.
39.7PSI.

OptionB.
10.3PSI.

OptionC.
43.8PSI.

CorrectAnsweris. 39.7PSI.

Explanation. Absolutepressure=gaugepressureplusatmosphericpressure.Atmosphericpressureatseallevel=14.7PSI.

QuestionNumber.
5.
Pressuredecreases.

OptionA.
inverselyproportionaltotemperature.

OptionB.
proportionallywithadecreasesintemperature.

OptionC.
Pressureandtemperaturearenotrelated.

CorrectAnsweris. proportionallywithadecreasesintemperature.

Explanation. TemperatureandvolumearedirectlyproportionalCharles'Law.

QuestionNumber.
6.
Asairgetscolder,theserviceceilingofanaircraft.

OptionA.
reduces.

OptionB.
increases.

OptionC.
remainsthesame.

CorrectAnsweris. increases.

Explanation. Asairgetscolderitgetsdenser.Liftincreases(remembertheliftequationhasdensity)andtheenginesproducemore
thrustsoitcanclimbhigher.

QuestionNumber.
7.
Whatissealevelpressure?.

OptionA.
1012.3mb.
OptionB.
1013.2mb.

OptionC.
1032.2mb.
CorrectAnsweris. 1013.2mb.
Explanation. LearntheISAsealevelquantities,inallunits.

QuestionNumber.
8.
HowdoesIASatthepointofstallvarywithheight?.

OptionA.
Itdecreases.
OptionB.
Itispracticallyconstant.

OptionC.
Itincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Itispracticallyconstant.

Explanation. ThestallingIASataltitudeispracticallythesameasitisatsealevel.That'sbecauseIASisnotcorrectedfordensity.

QuestionNumber.
9.
Whatisthelapseratewithregardtotemperature?.

OptionA.
4Cper1000ft.

OptionB.
1.98Cper1000ft.
OptionC.
1.98Fper1000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 1.98Cper1000ft.
Explanation. Thelapserateisapproximately2Cper1000feet(inthetroposphere).

QuestionNumber.
10.
Standardsealeveltemperatureis.

OptionA.
20degreesCelsius.
OptionB.
0degreesCelsius.

OptionC.
15degreesCelsius.
CorrectAnsweris. 15degreesCelsius.
Explanation. 15degreesCisstandardsealeveltemperature!.

QuestionNumber.
11.
Asaltitudeincreases,pressure.

OptionA.
decreasesexponentially.

OptionB.
decreasesatconstantrate.

OptionC.
increasesexponentially.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasesexponentially.

Explanation. Asaltitudeincreases,pressuredecreasesexponentially.Sincepressureisgivenbydensity*gravity*height,both
densityandheightdecreases(thatis,heightabovethepointyoumeasuring)sothedecreaseinpressureisexponential.

QuestionNumber.
12.
Lapserateusuallyrefersto.

OptionA.
Density.

OptionB.
Pressure.

OptionC.
Temperature.
CorrectAnsweris. Temperature.
Explanation. Temperaturelapserateisconstantupto36000ft2degreesper1000ft.

QuestionNumber.
13.
Temperatureabove36,000feetwill.

OptionA.
increaseexponentially.

OptionB.
decreaseexponentially.

OptionC.
remainconstant.

CorrectAnsweris. remainconstant.

Explanation. Temperaturelapserateupto36,000feet(thetropopause)isapproximately2degreescentigradeper1000feet.Above
thetropopauseitisconstant.

QuestionNumber.
14.
Withincreasingaltitudepressuredecreasesand.

OptionA.
temperaturedecreasesatthesamerateaspressurereduces.
OptionB.
temperaturedecreasesbutatalowerratethanpressurereduces.

OptionC.
temperatureremainsconstantto8000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. temperaturedecreasesbutatalowerratethanpressurereduces.

Explanation. Seeagraphofpressureagainstaltitudeandtemperatureagainstaltitude.Pressuredecreasesfasterthantemperature
thereforepressurehasagreatereffectupontheperformanceoftheaircraft.

QuestionNumber.
15.
WhatisthetemperatureincomparisontoISAconditionsat30,000ft?.

OptionA.
60C.
OptionB.
0C.
OptionC.
45C.
CorrectAnsweris. 45C.
Explanation. ISA=15Ctemperaturelapserateis2Cper1000ft.Therefore30000=60+15=45.

QuestionNumber.
16.
Atwhataltitudeisthetropopause?.

OptionA.
36,000ft.

OptionB.
57,000ft.

OptionC.
63,000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.

Explanation. Thetropopauseis36,000ft.Abovethetropopauseisthestratosphere.

QuestionNumber.
17.
Whatapproximatepercentageofoxygenisintheatmosphere?.

OptionA.
12%.
OptionB.
21%.
OptionC.
78%.
CorrectAnsweris. 21%.
Explanation. 21%oxygen,78%nitrogen,1%othergases.

QuestionNumber.
18.
Whichhasthegreaterdensity?.

OptionA.
Airatlowaltitude.

OptionB.
Airathighaltitude.
OptionC.
Itremainsconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. Airatlowaltitude.
Explanation. Airdensityreduceswithaltitude.

QuestionNumber.
19.
Atwhataltitudedoesstratospherecommenceapproximately?.
OptionA.
Sealevel.

OptionB.
36,000ft.

OptionC.
63,000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.

Explanation. Thestratosphereisabove36,000ft.

QuestionNumber.
20.
Apressureofoneatmosphereisequalto.

OptionA.
14.7psi.

OptionB.
1inchHg.

OptionC.
100millibar.
CorrectAnsweris. 14.7psi.

Explanation. Oneatmosphereis14.7psi.

QuestionNumber.
21.
Themillibarisaunitof.

OptionA.
atmospherictemperature.

OptionB.
pressurealtitude.

OptionC.
barometricpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. barometricpressure.
Explanation. Barometricpressureismeasuredinmillibar.

QuestionNumber.
22.
WithanincreaseinaltitudeunderI.S.A.conditionsthetemperatureinthetroposphere.

OptionA.
remainsconstant.

OptionB.
decreases.

OptionC.
increases.

CorrectAnsweris. decreases.

Explanation. Temperaturereducesatalapserateof1.98degreescelsiusperthousandfeetfromsealeveltoabout36000ft(the
tropopause).

QuestionNumber.
23.
Abarometerindicates.

OptionA.
pressure.

OptionB.
density.

OptionC.
temperature.
CorrectAnsweris. pressure.

Explanation. Abarometerindicatespressure.

QuestionNumber.
24.
Theamountofwatervapourcapacityintheair(humidityholdingcapacityoftheair)is.

OptionA.
greateronacolderday,andloweronahotterday.
OptionB.
doesn'thaveasignificantdifference.
OptionC.
greateronahotterdayandloweronacolderday.
CorrectAnsweris. greateronahotterdayandloweronacolderday.
Explanation. Theamountofwatervapourcapacityintheairisgreateronahotterday.

QuestionNumber.
25.
Whichconditionistheactualamountofwatervapourinamixtureofairandwater?.

OptionA.
Relativehumidity.

OptionB.
Absolutehumidity.
OptionC.
Dewpoint.

CorrectAnsweris. Absolutehumidity.
Explanation. Absolutehumidityisthe'actual'amountofwaterinamixtureofairandwater.

QuestionNumber.
26.
Whichwillweightheleast?.

OptionA.
98partsofdryairand2partsofwatervapour.

OptionB.
50partsofdryairand50partsofwatervapour.

OptionC.
35partsofdryairand65partsofwatervapour.

CorrectAnsweris. 35partsofdryairand65partsofwatervapour.

Explanation. Watervapouris62%theweightofdryair.

QuestionNumber.
27.
Whichistheratioofthewatervapouractuallypresentintheatmospheretotheamountthatwouldbe
presentiftheairweresaturatedattheprevailingtemperatureandpressure?.

OptionA.
Absolutehumidity.
OptionB.
Dewpoint.

OptionC.
Relativehumidity.

CorrectAnsweris. Relativehumidity.
Explanation. Relativehumidityistheratioofthewatervapouractuallypresenttothewatervapourthattheairwouldholdifitwere
saturated.

QuestionNumber.
28.
Thespeedofsoundintheatmosphere.

OptionA.
changeswithachangeinpressure.
OptionB.
variesaccordingtothefrequencyofthesound.

OptionC.
changeswithachangeintemperature.

CorrectAnsweris. changeswithachangeintemperature.

Explanation. Speedofsoundisaffectedbyairtemperatureonly.


QuestionNumber.
29.
Whatissealevelpressure?.

OptionA.
1032.2mb.
OptionB.
1012.3mb.
OptionC.
1013.2mb.
CorrectAnsweris. 1013.2mb.
Explanation. Sealevelpressureis1013.2mb.

QuestionNumber.
30.
Whichstatementconcerningheatand/ortemperatureistrue?.

OptionA.
Temperatureisameasureofthekineticenergyofthemoleculesofanysubstance.
OptionB.
Temperatureisameasureofthepotentialenergyofthemoleculesofanysubstance.

OptionC.
Thereisaninverserelationshipbetweentemperatureandheat.

CorrectAnsweris. Temperatureisameasureofthekineticenergyofthemoleculesofanysubstance.
Explanation. Temperatureisameasureofthekineticenergyofthemoleculesofasubstance.Heatisaformofenergyexchange.

QuestionNumber.
31.
Whatisabsolutehumidity?.

OptionA.
Thetemperaturetowhichhumidairmustbecooledatconstantpressuretobecomesaturated.

OptionB.
Theactualamountofthewatervapourinamixtureofairandwater.

OptionC.
Theratioofthewatervapouractuallypresentintheatmospheretotheamountthatwouldbepresentiftheairwere
saturatedattheprevailingtemperatureandpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. Theratioofthewatervapouractuallypresentintheatmospheretotheamountthatwouldbepresentiftheair
weresaturatedattheprevailingtemperatureandpressure.
Explanation. AbsoluteHumidityistheactualamountofwatervaporinaliterofgas.

QuestionNumber.
32.
Thetemperaturetowhichhumidairmustbecooledatconstantpressuretobecomesaturatediscalled.


OptionA.
relativehumidity.

OptionB.
dewpoint.

OptionC.
absolutehumidity.

CorrectAnsweris. dewpoint.

Explanation. Thetemperaturetowhichhumidairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatediscalledthe'duepoint'.

QuestionNumber.
33.
Densitychangeswithaltitudeatarate.

OptionA.
of2kg/m3per1000ft.

OptionB.
whichchangeswithaltitude.
OptionC.
whichisconstantuntil11km.

CorrectAnsweris. whichchangeswithaltitude.
Explanation. Therateofchangeofdensityisnotconstantitdiminisheswithaltitude.Sonosinglefigureforlapseratecanbe
quoted.

QuestionNumber.
34.
Above65,800fttemperature.

OptionA.
decreasesby1.98Cupto115,000ft.

OptionB.
remainsconstantupto115,000ft.
OptionC.
increasesby0.303Cupto115,000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. increasesby0.303Cupto115,000ft.

Explanation. 65,800ftistheupperstratosphereboundary.Temperatureincreaseswithaltitudeinthestratosphere.

QuestionNumber.
35.
Atsealevel,ISAatmosphericpressureis.

OptionA.
14.7kPa.

OptionB.
10Bar.
OptionC.
14.7PSI.

CorrectAnsweris. 14.7PSI.

Explanation. Analternativeto1013.2mb.

QuestionNumber.
36.
OnaveryhotdaywithambienttemperaturehigherthanISA,thepressurealtitudeis20,000ft.How
muchwillthedensityaltitudebe?.

OptionA.
thesame.

OptionB.
greaterthan20,000ft.
OptionC.
lessthan20,000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. greaterthan20,000ft.
Explanation. "DensityAltitudeispressurealtitudecorrectedfortemperatureandhumidity.Assumingconstanthumidity(wearetold
nodifferent)ISAorabovetemperaturewillfurtherthintheairforagivenpressurealtitudethusmakingthedensityaltitudehigher.
Note:AtISATempdensityandpressurealtitudewillbethesameandforlessthanISAdensityaltitudewillbelessGotallthat!!.
"

QuestionNumber.
37.
Theatmosphericzonewherethetemperatureremainsfairlyconstantiscalledthe.

OptionA.
Stratosphere.
OptionB.
Ionosphere.
OptionC.
Troposphere.
CorrectAnsweris. Stratosphere.
Explanation. Thestratospherestartsat36,000ftandrisestoabout66,000ft.

QuestionNumber.
38.
IntheISAtheheightofthetropopauseis.

OptionA.
11,000feet.
OptionB.
11,000metres.
OptionC.
36,000metres.
CorrectAnsweris. 11,000metres.
Explanation. 11,000metresor36,000feetapproximately.

QuestionNumber.
39.
IntheISAthesealevelpressureistakentobe.

OptionA.
14PSI.
OptionB.
1013.2mb.
OptionC.
1.013mb.

CorrectAnsweris. 1013.2mb.
Explanation. 1013.2millibars.

QuestionNumber.
40.
IntheISAthetemperaturelapseratewithaltitudeistakentobe:.

OptionA.
dependentonpressureanddensitychanges.
OptionB.
linear.
OptionC.
nonlinear.

CorrectAnsweris. linear.
Explanation. NIL..

QuestionNumber.
41.
Putinsequencefromthegroundup.

OptionA.
tropopause,stratosphere,troposphere.

OptionB.
tropopause,troposphere,stratosphere.

OptionC.
troposphere,tropopause,stratosphere.

CorrectAnsweris. troposphere,tropopause,stratosphere.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
42.
TheInternationalStandardAtmospherecanbedescribedas.

OptionA.
theatmosphereat45degreesnorthlatitude.
OptionB.
theatmosphereattheequatorwithcertainconditions.

OptionC.
theatmospherewhichcanbeusedWorldwidetoprovidecomparableperformanceresults.

CorrectAnsweris. theatmospherewhichcanbeusedWorldwidetoprovidecomparableperformanceresults.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
43.
Thetemperaturelapseratebelowthetropopauseis.

OptionA.
1Cper1000ft.

OptionB.
2Cper1000ft.

OptionC.
3Cper1000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. 2Cper1000ft.

Explanation. 1.98Cper1000fttobeexact.

QuestionNumber.
44.
Abovethetropopauseairpressure.

OptionA.
decreasesataconstantrate.
OptionB.
decreasesexponentially.

OptionC.
increasesexponentially.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasesexponentially.

Explanation. Airpressurecontinuestodecreaseexponentiallyinthestratosphere.

QuestionNumber.
45.
Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?.

OptionA.
Absolutepressure+Atmosphericpressure=Gaugepressure.

OptionB.
Absolutepressure=Gaugepressure+Atmosphericpressure.

OptionC.
Atmosphericpressure=Absolutepressure+Gaugepressure.

CorrectAnsweris. Absolutepressure=Gaugepressure+Atmosphericpressure.

Explanation. Absolutepressure=Gaugepressure+Atmosphericpressure.

QuestionNumber.
46.
AsthealtitudeincreaseswhathappensoftheratioofNitrogentoOxygen?.
OptionA.
Increases.

OptionB.
Decreases.

OptionC.
Staysthesame.

CorrectAnsweris. Staysthesame.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
47.
Whathappenstothedensityofairasaltitudeisincreased?.

OptionA.
Decreases.

OptionB.
Staysthesame.

OptionC.
Increases.

CorrectAnsweris. Decreases.

Explanation. NIL.

08.2.Aerodynamics.

QuestionNumber.
1.
Anaircraftistravellingataspeedof720nauticalmilesperhour.TocalculatespeedinMPHyou.

OptionA.
divideby0.83.
OptionB.
multipyby0.83.

OptionC.
multiplyby1.15.

CorrectAnsweris. multiplyby1.15.

Explanation. 1nmph=1.15mph1mph=0.83nmph.

QuestionNumber.
2.
Liftonadeltawingaircraft.

OptionA.
increaseswithanincreasedangleofincidence(angleofattack).
OptionB.
doesnotchangewithachangeinangleofincidence(angleofattack).

OptionC.
decreaseswithanincreaseinangleofincidence(angleofattack).
CorrectAnsweris. increaseswithanincreasedangleofincidence(angleofattack).ORdoesnotchangewithachangeinangleof

incidence(angleof.
Explanation. Thisquestionismucheasierthanitlooksatfirstread.Allwingtypes(straight,swept,deltaetc.)increaseliftwithan
increaseinangleofattack(uptothestallangle).

QuestionNumber.
3.
TheCofPisthepointwhere.

OptionA.
theliftcanbesaidtoact.

OptionB.
thethreeaxisofrotationmeet.

OptionC.
alltheforcesonanaircraftact.

CorrectAnsweris. theliftcanbesaidtoact.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
4.
Whenanaircraftexperiencesinduceddrag.

OptionA.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardstherootandontopofthewingspanwisetowardsthetip.
OptionB.
Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausedbyspanwiseflow.

OptionC.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.OR
Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausedby.

Explanation. Thehighpressureunderthewingflowsaroundthetiptothelowpressureontopofthewing.Theresultingvortexis
whatcausesinduceddrag.Sinceairisviscousitdragstheairunderneaththewingtowardsthetip,andpushestheairontopofthe
wingtowardstheroot.

QuestionNumber.
5.
Atstall,thewingtipstagnationpoint.

OptionA.
doesntmove.
OptionB.
movestowardthelowersurfaceofthewing.
OptionC.
movestowardtheuppersurfaceofthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. movestowardthelowersurfaceofthewing.
Explanation. Atstalltheangleofattackishigh(allalongthewing)andthestagnationpointmovestowardsthelowersurfaceofthe

wing.

QuestionNumber.
6.
Theriggingangleofincidenceofanelevatoris.

OptionA.
theanglebetweenthebottomsurfaceoftheelevatorandthelongitudinaldatum.
OptionB.
theanglebetweenthebottomsurfaceoftheelevatorandthehorizontalintheriggingposition.
OptionC.
theanglebetweenthemeanchordlineandthehorizontalintheriggingposition.
CorrectAnsweris. theanglebetweenthemeanchordlineandthehorizontalintheriggingposition.
Explanation. Theangleofincidenceofanysurfaceismeasuredfromthemeanchordline.

QuestionNumber.
7.
Whichofthefollowingistrue?.

OptionA.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
OptionB.
Liftactsatrightanglestothewingchordlineandweightactsverticallydown.
OptionC.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsatrightanglestotheaircraftcentreline.
CorrectAnsweris. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.

Explanation. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.

QuestionNumber.
8.
Theverticalfinofasingleenginedaircraftis.

OptionA.
parallelwiththelongitudinalaxisbutnottheverticalaxis.
OptionB.
parallelwithboththelongitudinalaxisandverticalaxis.
OptionC.
parallelwiththeverticalaxisbutnotthelongitudinalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. parallelwithboththelongitudinalaxisandverticalaxis.ORparallelwiththeverticalaxisbutnotthe
longitudinalaxis.

Explanation. Singleenginedaircraftfinisoffsettolefttocountertorque...i.e.chordoffinisatanangleto.longitudinalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
9.
"Whathappenstoairflowingatthespeedofsound

whenitentersaconvergingduct?."

OptionA.
Velocityincreases,pressureanddensitydecreases.
OptionB.
Velocity,pressureanddensityincrease.

OptionC.
Velocitydecreases,pressureanddensityincrease.
CorrectAnsweris. Velocitydecreases,pressureanddensityincrease.
Explanation. Subsonicairinincompressible,sodensitydoesnotchange.Butthisissonicspeed,andeverything(PandV)change
oppositetowhattheywouldifitweresubsonicair.Densityincreases,asdoespressure,andvelocitydecreases.SeeMechanicsof
FlightbyACKermode.

QuestionNumber.
10.
Astheangleofattackofanairfoilincreasesthecentreofpressure.

OptionA.
remainsstationary.
OptionB.
movesaft.

OptionC.
movesforward.

CorrectAnsweris. movesforward.

Explanation. Astheangleofattackoftheaerofoilincreases,thecentreofpressuremovesforward.

QuestionNumber.
11.
Vapourtrailsfromthewingtipsofanaircraftinflightarecausedby.

OptionA.
lowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelowthewingcausingvortices.
OptionB.
lowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelowthewingcausingatemperaturerise.

OptionC.
highpressureabovethewingandlowpressurebelowthewingcausingvortices.
CorrectAnsweris. lowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelowthewingcausingvortices.
Explanation. Vapourtrailsarecausedbywingtipvorticeswhicharecausedbylowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelow
thewing.

QuestionNumber.
12.
Thechordlineofawingisalinethatrunsfrom.

OptionA.
thecentreoftheleadingedgeofthewingtothetrailingedge.

OptionB.
halfwaybetweentheupperandlowersurfaceofthewing.

OptionC.
onewingtiptotheotherwingtip.
CorrectAnsweris. thecentreoftheleadingedgeofthewingtothetrailingedge.

Explanation. ThechordlineisaSTRAIGHTlinewhichgoesfromtheleadingedgeofthewingtothetrailing.

QuestionNumber.
13.
Theangleofincidenceofawingisanangleformedbylines.

OptionA.
paralleltothechordlineandlongitudinalaxis.

OptionB.
paralleltothechordlineandtheverticalaxis.

OptionC.
paralleltothechordlineandthelateralaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. paralleltothechordlineandlongitudinalaxis.

Explanation. Theangleofincidenceistheanglebetweenthechordlineandthelongitudinalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
14.
Thecentreofpressureofanaerofoilislocated.

OptionA.
3040%ofthechordlineforwardoftheleadingedge.

OptionB.
50%ofthechordlinebackfromtheleadingedge.
OptionC.
3040%ofthechordlinebackfromtheleadingedge.

CorrectAnsweris. 3040%ofthechordlinebackfromtheleadingedge.

Explanation. Thecentreofpressureispositionedroughly3040%ofthechordlineBACKfromtheleadingedge.

QuestionNumber.
15.
Compressibilityeffectis.

OptionA.
dragassociatedwiththeformofanaircraft.
OptionB.
theincreaseintotaldragofanaerofoilintransonicflightduetotheformationofshockwaves.
OptionC.
dragassociatedwiththefrictionoftheairoverthesurfaceoftheaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. theincreaseintotaldragofanaerofoilintransonicflightduetotheformationofshockwaves.
Explanation. Compressibilityeffectisassociatedwithanincreaseindragduringthetransonicflightstage.

QuestionNumber.
16.
Ahighaspectratiowingwillgive.

OptionA.
highprofileandlowinduceddrag.
OptionB.
lowprofileandhighinduceddrag.
OptionC.
lowprofileandlowinduceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. highprofileandlowinduceddrag.
Explanation. Ahighaspectratiohasalowerinduceddrag(duetolesswingtipeffect)andahigherfrontalareathereforegreater
profiledrag.

QuestionNumber.
17.
Aerofoilefficiencyisdefinedby.

OptionA.
liftoverdrag.
OptionB.
liftoverweight.

OptionC.
dragoverlift.
CorrectAnsweris. liftoverdrag.
Explanation. Atplus4degreesAOAtheliftweightratioisgreatest.ThisistheoptimumAOAthereforethewingisatitsmost
efficientwhenliftisgreatestanddragisataminimum.

QuestionNumber.
18.
Therelationshipbetweeninduceddragandairspeedis,induceddragis.

OptionA.
directlyproportionaltothesquareofthespeed.

OptionB.
directlyproportionaltospeed.

OptionC.
inverselyproportionaltothesquareofthespeed.
CorrectAnsweris. inverselyproportionaltothesquareofthespeed.
Explanation. Induceddragdecreasesproportionallywiththesquareofthespeed.

QuestionNumber.
19.
WhatisthedefinitionofAngleofIncidence?.

OptionA.
Theangletheundersideofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththehorizontal.
OptionB.
Theangletheundersideofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththelongitudinaldatumline.

OptionC.
Theanglethechordofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththehorizontal.

CorrectAnsweris. Theanglethechordofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththehorizontal.

Explanation. Angleofincidenceisthe'wingsettingangle'.Thatistheangleofthechordofthemainplaneortailplanewiththe
horizontaloraircraftcentrelinewhenintheriggingposition.

QuestionNumber.
20.
WhatisBoundaryLayer?.

OptionA.
Separatedlayerofairformingaboundaryattheleadingedge.

OptionB.
Sluggishlowenergyairthatstickstothewingsurfaceandgraduallygetsfasteruntilitjoinsthefreestreamflowofair.
OptionC.
Turbulentairmovingfromtheleadingedgetotrailingedge.

CorrectAnsweris. Sluggishlowenergyairthatstickstothewingsurfaceandgraduallygetsfasteruntilitjoinsthefreestream
flowofair.

Explanation. Theboundarylayeristhelayerofairimmediatelyincontactwiththeaircraftskinwhichissloweddownbytheskin
friction.

QuestionNumber.
21.
"Whatisthecollectivetermforthefinandrudder
andothersurfacesaftofthecentreofgravitythat
helpsdirectionalstability?."

OptionA.
Empennage.
OptionB.
Fuselagesurfaces.

OptionC.
Effectivekeelsurface.
CorrectAnsweris. Effectivekeelsurface.
Explanation. Allthesidesurfacesaftofthecentreofgravitywhichaidthedirectionalstabilityarecollectivelycalledthe
EFFECTIVEKEELSURFACE.

QuestionNumber.
22.
"Adecreaseinincidencetowardthewingtipmaybe
providedto."

OptionA.
preventadverseyawinaturn.

OptionB.
retainlateralcontroleffectivenessathighanglesofattack.
OptionC.
preventspanwiseflowinmaneuvers.

CorrectAnsweris. retainlateralcontroleffectivenessathighanglesofattack.
Explanation. Adecreaseinincidencetowardsthewingtip(knownaswashout)causesthewingroottostallbeforethewingtip.So,
evenafterthewingrootshavestalled,thewingtipsarestillflyingandfullaileroncontrolisprovided.

QuestionNumber.
23.
Foragivenaerofoilproductionlift,whereP=pressureandV=velocity.

OptionA.
P1isgreaterthanP2,andV1islessthanV2.

OptionB.
P1isgreaterthanP2,andV1isgreaterthanV2.

OptionC.
P1islessthanP2andV1isgreaterthanV2.
CorrectAnsweris. P1isgreaterthanP2,andV1islessthanV2.

Explanation. Bernoulli'sprincipleapplies.

QuestionNumber.
24.
Lowwingloading.

OptionA.
increasesstallingspeed,landingspeedandlandingrun.

OptionB.
increaseslift,stallingspeedandmaneuverability.
OptionC.
decreasesstallingspeed,landingspeedandlandingrun.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasesstallingspeed,landingspeedandlandingrun.

Explanation. Wingloadingisaircraftweightdividedbywingarea,thereforeanaircraftwithalowwingloadingwillrequireless
landingspeed,lesslandingrunandhaveadecreasedstallingspeed.

QuestionNumber.
25.
Asageneralrule,iftheaerodynamicangleofincidence(angleofattack)ofanaerofoilisslightly
increased,thecentreofpressurewill.

OptionA.
movetowardsthetip.
OptionB.
moveforwardtowardstheleadingedge.

OptionC.
nevermove.
CorrectAnsweris. moveforwardtowardstheleadingedge.

Explanation. Astheangleofattackincreasesthecentreofpressuremovestowardstheleadingedge.


QuestionNumber.
26.
The'wingsettingangle'iscommonlyknownas.

OptionA.
angleofdihedral.

OptionB.
angleofincidence.
OptionC.
angleofattack.

CorrectAnsweris. angleofincidence.
Explanation. Thewingsettingangleiscommonlyknownasthe'angleofincidence'.

QuestionNumber.
27.
Whendoestheangleofincidencechange?.

OptionA.
Itneverchanges.

OptionB.
Whentheaircraftattitudechanges.
OptionC.
Whentheaircraftisascendingordescending.

CorrectAnsweris. Itneverchanges.

Explanation. Theangleofincidenceistheangleatwhichthewingis'set'intothefuselage.Itneverchanges.

QuestionNumber.
28.
Astheangleofattackdecreases,whathappenstothecentreofpressure?.

OptionA.
Itmovesrearwards.
OptionB.
Centreofpressureisnotaffectedbyangleofattackdecrease.

OptionC.
Itmovesforward.

CorrectAnsweris. Itmovesrearwards.
Explanation. ThecentreofpressuremovesFORWARDSwithanINCREASEinangleofattack.ThereforeitmovesREARWARDS
withaDECREASEinangleofattack.

QuestionNumber.
29.
Adecreaseinpressureovertheuppersurfaceofawingoraerofoilisresponsiblefor.

OptionA.
approximately2/3(twothirds)oftheliftobtained.
OptionB.
approximately1/2(onehalf)oftheliftobtained.

OptionC.
approximately1/3(onethird)oftheliftobtained.

CorrectAnsweris. approximately2/3(twothirds)oftheliftobtained.
Explanation. Lookatadiagramoftheliftdistributionsonthetopandbottomsurfacesofawing.2/3rdsoftheliftisprovidedbythe
topsurface.

QuestionNumber.
30.
Whichofthefollowingtypesofdragincreasesastheaircraftgainsaltitude?.

OptionA.
Interferencedrag.

OptionB.
Parasitedrag.
OptionC.
Induceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Induceddrag.
Explanation. Asdensitydecreaseswithaltitude,theliftmustbecompensatedbyincreasingangleofattack.Induceddragincreases
withangleofattack,thereforeinduceddragincreaseswithaltitude.

QuestionNumber.
31.
Thelayerofairoverthesurfaceofanaerofoilwhichisslowermoving,inrelationtotherestofthe
airflow,isknownas.

OptionA.
noneoftheabove.

OptionB.
camberlayer.
OptionC.
boundarylayer.

CorrectAnsweris. boundarylayer.

Explanation. Theboundarylayeristhelayerofairinimmediatecontactwiththeskinoftheaircraftwhichissloweddownbyskin
friction.

QuestionNumber.
32.
Whatisacontrollingfactorofturbulenceandskinfriction?.

OptionA.
Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.

OptionB.
Aspectratio.
OptionC.
Finenessratio.
CorrectAnsweris. Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.

Explanation. Countersunkrivetsincreaseskinfrictionandturbulence.

QuestionNumber.
33.
IftheCofGisaftoftheCentreofPressure.

OptionA.
whentheaircraftyawstheaerodynamicforcesactingforwardoftheCentreofPressure.
OptionB.
changesinliftproduceapitchingmomentwhichactstoincreasethechangeinlift.

OptionC.
whentheaircraftsideslips,theCofGcausesthenosetoturnintothesideslipthusapplyingarestoringmoment.
CorrectAnsweris. changesinliftproduceapitchingmomentwhichactstoincreasethechangeinlift.

Explanation. IftheCofGisaftofthecentreofpressure(notnormal,butpossible),anincreaseinliftwillpitchtheaircraftnoseup,
whichwillincreasetheliftevenfurtheretc.etc.

QuestionNumber.
34.
Theupperpartofthewingincomparisontothelower.

OptionA.
developslesslift.

OptionB.
developsthesamelift.
OptionC.
developsmorelift.
CorrectAnsweris. developsmorelift.
Explanation. Lookattheliftdistributiondiagramofanaerofoilandseehowapproximately2/3rdsoftheliftisderivedfromthetop
surface.

QuestionNumber.
35.
WhateffectwouldaforwardCGhaveonanaircraftonlanding?.

OptionA.
Increasestallingspeed.

OptionB.
Reducestallingspeed.
OptionC.
Noeffectonlanding.
CorrectAnsweris. Increasestallingspeed.

Explanation. AforwardCGwouldrequirethetailoftheaircrafttoexertmoredownloadtokeepthenoselevel.Thiswillincrease
thewingloadingandthustheaircraftwouldstallatahigherspeed.

QuestionNumber.
36.
QNHrefersto.

OptionA.
quitenearhorizon.
OptionB.
settingthealtimetertozero.
OptionC.
settingthemeansealevelatmosphericpressuresoanaltimeterreadstheaerodromealtitudeabovemeansealevel.

CorrectAnsweris. altimeterreadstheaerodromealtitudeabovemeansealevel.

Explanation. Q'isthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.'NH'standsforNauticalHeight.QNHreferstothesettingofactualsea
levelatmosphericpressuresothealtimeterindicatestheactualaltitudeabovesealevelofthenonstandardday.

QuestionNumber.
37.
QNErefersto.

OptionA.
settingthemeansealevelatmosphericpressureinaccordancewithICAOstandardatmospherei.e.1013millibars.

OptionB.
Settinganaltimetertoreadaerodromealtitudeabovesealevel.

OptionC.
quitenewequipment.
CorrectAnsweris. settingthemeansealevelatmosphericpressureinaccordancewithICAOstandardatmospherei.e.1013
millibars.

Explanation. Q'isthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.'NE'standsforNauticalElevation.QNEreferstothesettingofthe
standardsealevelatmosphericpressure(i.e.1013mb)sothealtimeterindicatestheelevationabovemeansealevel.(Althoughitisnot
the'true'elevation,ifitisnotastandardday).

QuestionNumber.
38.
Anaspectratioof8:1wouldmean.

OptionA.
span64,meanchord8.

OptionB.
meanchord64,span8.

OptionC.
spansquared64,chord8.

CorrectAnsweris. span64,meanchord8.

Explanation. AspectRatioistheratioofthespantothechord.

QuestionNumber.
39.
QFEis.

OptionA.
airfieldpressure.

OptionB.
differencebetweensealevelandairfieldpressure.

OptionC.
sealevelpressure.

CorrectAnsweris. airfieldpressure.

Explanation. Q'isthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.'FE'standsforFieldElevation.QFEreferstosettingairfieldpressuresothe
altimeterindicateszeroontherunway.

QuestionNumber.
40.
Foranygivenspeed,adecreaseinaircraftweight,theinduceddragwill.

OptionA.
decrease.

OptionB.
remainthesame.

OptionC.
increase.

CorrectAnsweris. decrease.

Explanation. Induceddragis'liftdependantdrag'.Lessliftandtherewillbelessinduceddrag.

QuestionNumber.
41.
Theamountofliftgeneratedbyawingis.

OptionA.
greatestatthetip.

OptionB.
constantalongthespan.

OptionC.
greatestattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. greatestattheroot.
Explanation. Seeadiagramoftheliftdistributionofthewing(viewedfromthefront)andyouwillseeitisparabolic.Thewingtip
vorticesdecreasetheliftatthetips.

QuestionNumber.
42.
InducedDragis.

OptionA.
greatesttowardsthetipanddownwashdecreasesfromtiptoroot.
OptionB.
greatesttowardsthewingtipanddownwashisgreatesttowardstheroot.
OptionC.
greatesttowardsthewingrootanddownwashisgreatestatthetip.
CorrectAnsweris. greatesttowardsthetipanddownwashdecreasesfromtiptoroot.
Explanation. Induceddragisassociatedwithwingtipvortices.Thegreaterthevorticesatthetip,thegreateristheinduceddrag.

QuestionNumber.
43.
InducedDragis.

OptionA.
neverequaltoprofiledrag.
OptionB.
equaltoprofiledragatVmd.
OptionC.
equaltoprofiledragatstallingangle.
CorrectAnsweris. equaltoprofiledragatVmd.
Explanation. Sketchthedragcurves(dragagainstspeed).Induceddragdecreasesexponentiallywithspeed.Profiledragincreases
exponentiallywithspeed.Vmd(minimumdragspeed)iswheretheymeet.

QuestionNumber.
44.
Withanincreaseinaircraftweight.

OptionA.
Vmdwillbeatahigherspeed.

OptionB.
Vmdwillbeatthesamespeed.

OptionC.
Vmdwillbeatalowerspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. Vmdwillbeatahigherspeed.

Explanation. Sketchthedragcurves(dragagainstspeed).Induceddragdecreasesexponentiallywithspeed.Profiledragincreases
exponentiallywithspeed.Theinduceddragiselevatedwithweight(sinceitisliftdependant)andsocutstheprofiledragfurtherto
theright(higherVmd).

QuestionNumber.
45.
ForagivenIASanincreaseinaltitudewillresultin.

OptionA.
anincreaseininduceddrag.
OptionB.
nochangeinthevalueofinduceddrag.

OptionC.
anincreaseinprofiledrag.
CorrectAnsweris. anincreaseininduceddrag.
Explanation. Withadecreaseindensitytheaircraftmustflywithagreaterangleofattack(CL)tocompensateforthelossoflift.
InduceddragisdependantuponAOA,thereforeinduceddragincreaseswithaltitude.

QuestionNumber.
46.
Astheangleofattackofawingisincreasedinlevelflight.

OptionA.
theCofGmovesaftandtheCofPforward.
OptionB.
theCofPandtransitionpointmoveforward.
OptionC.
theCofPmovesforwardandthestagnationpointaftovertheuppersurface.

CorrectAnsweris. theCofPandtransitionpointmoveforward.ORtheCofPmovesforwardandthestagnationpointaftoverthe.
Explanation. AsAOAincreasesinlevelflight,CofPmovesforwardandtheTransitionPoint(thepointatwhichthelaminarflow
breaksawayandformsintoturbulentflow)alsomovesforward.

QuestionNumber.
47.
Stallinducersmaybefittedtoawing.

OptionA.
attheroottocausetheroottostallfirst.

OptionB.
atthetiptocausetheroottostallfirst.

OptionC.
attheroottocausethetiptostallfirst.

CorrectAnsweris. attheroottocausetheroottostallfirst.

Explanation. Stallinducers(orstallstrips)areplacedattherootofthewingtotripuptheairflowjustbeforefullstalltoensurethe
wingstallsfirstattheroot(andmaintainstheaileronauthorityevenwithapartiallystalledwing).

QuestionNumber.
48.
Theoptimumangleofattackofanaerofoilistheangleatwhich.

OptionA.
theaerofoilproducesmaximumlift.
OptionB.
theaerofoilproduceszerolift.

OptionC.
thehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.

CorrectAnsweris. thehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.

Explanation. Theoptimumangleofattackistheangleatwhichthehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.

QuestionNumber.
49.
Ahighaspectratiowinghasa.

OptionA.
increasedinduceddrag.

OptionB.
decreasedskinfrictiondrag.
OptionC.
decreasedinduceddrag.

CorrectAnsweris. thehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.

Explanation. Induceddragdecreaseswithincreasingaspectratio.(However,skinfrictiondragalsoreduceswithanincreasedchord
lengthduetothickeningoftheboundarylayerbutthisislesssignificant.).

QuestionNumber.
50.
Minimumtotaldragofanaircraftoccurs.

OptionA.
wheninduceddragisleast.
OptionB.
atthestallingspeed.
OptionC.
whenprofiledragequalsinduceddrag.

CorrectAnsweris. whenprofiledragequalsinduceddrag.

Explanation. Sketchthedragcurves(dragagainstspeed).Induceddragdecreasesexponentiallywithspeed.Profiledragincreases
exponentiallywithspeed.Vmd(minimumdragspeed)iswheretheymeet.

QuestionNumber.
51.
Iftheweightofanaircraftisincreased,theinduceddragatagivenspeed.

OptionA.
willincrease.
OptionB.
willdecrease.
OptionC.
willremainthesame.
CorrectAnsweris. willincrease.
Explanation. Ifweightisincreased,foragivenspeedtheaircraftmustflyatagreaterangleofattack(CL).Induceddragincreases
withincreasedAOA.

QuestionNumber.
52.
Thetransitionpointonawingisthepointwhere.

OptionA.
theboundarylayerflowchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.
OptionB.
theflowdividestopassaboveandbelowthewing.
OptionC.
theflowseparatesfromthewingsurface.
CorrectAnsweris. theboundarylayerflowchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.
Explanation. Thetransitionpointisapointonthesurfaceofthewingwheretheboundarylayerchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.

QuestionNumber.
53.
Theboundarylayerofabodyinamovingairstreamis.

OptionA.
alayerofairoverthesurfacewheretheairspeedischangingfromfreestreamspeedtozerospeed.

OptionB.
alayerofseparatedflowwheretheairisturbulent.
OptionC.
athinlayerofairoverthesurfacewheretheairisstationary.

CorrectAnsweris. athinlayerofairoverthesurfacewheretheairisstationary.ORalayerofairoverthesurfacewherethe
airspeedischangingfromfreestreamspeedtozerospeed.
Explanation. Theboundarylayerisathinlayerofslowedairincontactwiththesurfaceoftheskinwhichisslowedbyfriction.
Speedrangingfromstationarytofreestreamspeed.

QuestionNumber.
54.
Alaminarboundarylayerwillproduce.

OptionA.
moreskinfrictiondragthanaturbulentone.
OptionB.
thesameskinfrictiondragasaturbulentone.

OptionC.
lessskinfrictiondragthanaturbulentone.
CorrectAnsweris. lessskinfrictiondragthanaturbulentone.
Explanation. Skinfrictiondragisgreaterinaturbulentboundarylayerthaninalaminarboundarylayer.

QuestionNumber.
55.
Theboundarylayeris.

OptionA.
thickestattheleadingedge.
OptionB.
thickestatthetrailingedge.
OptionC.
constantthicknessfromleadingtotrailingedges.
CorrectAnsweris. thickestatthetrailingedge.
Explanation. Theboundarylayeristhickestatthetrailingedge.

QuestionNumber.
56.
Theamountofthrustproducedbyajetengineorapropellercanbecalculatedusing.

OptionA.
Newtons3rdlaw.

OptionB.
Newtons2ndlaw.
OptionC.
Newtons1stlaw.

CorrectAnsweris. Newtons2ndlaw.
Explanation. Newton'ssecondlawisForce=MassxAcceleration.

QuestionNumber.
57.
Anenginewhichproducesaneffluxofhighspeedwillbe.

OptionA.
lessefficient.
OptionB.
moreefficient.
OptionC.
speedofeffluxhasnoaffectontheengineefficiency.

CorrectAnsweris. lessefficient.
Explanation. Apureturbojetacceleratesalowmassofairatahighrateandislessefficientthanaturbofanorturboprop.Thisis
2
becausethewastedenergyis1/2mV
ofthejetefflux.

QuestionNumber.
58.
Wingloadingiscalculatedbyweight.

OptionA.
dividedbylift.
OptionB.
dividedbygrosswingarea.
OptionC.
multipliedbygrosswingarea.

CorrectAnsweris. dividedbygrosswingarea.
Explanation. WingloadingisweightdividedbywingareaandmeasuredinNewtonspersquaremetre.

QuestionNumber.
59.
Induceddragis.

OptionA.
nothingtodowithspeed.

OptionB.
proportionaltospeed.
OptionC.
inverselyproportionaltothesquareofspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. inverselyproportionaltothesquareofspeed.

Explanation. Induceddragisinverselyproportionaltothesquareofthespeedi.e.itreduceswiththesquareofthespeed.

QuestionNumber.
60.
Astheangleofattackincreasesthestagnationpoint.

OptionA.
movestowardstheuppersurface.

OptionB.
doesnotmove.

OptionC.
movestowardsthelowersurface.

CorrectAnsweris. movestowardsthelowersurface.

Explanation. Thestagnationpointisthestationaryairattheleadingedgeofthewing.Astheangleofattackincreasesthestagnation
pointmovestowardsthelowersurface.

QuestionNumber.
61.
Thetermpitchupisdueto.

OptionA.
compressibilityeffect.
OptionB.
groundeffect.
OptionC.
longitudinalinstability.

CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalinstability.

Explanation. Pitchup'isalongitudinalinstability.Itiscausedbywingtipstallonsweptwings,resultinginadropofthetail.

QuestionNumber.
62.
InasteadyclimbatasteadyIAS,theTASis.

OptionA.
morethanIAS.

OptionB.
thesame.

OptionC.
lessthanIAS.
CorrectAnsweris. morethanIAS.

Explanation. IAS=TASxsquarerootofsigma.Sigmaistheratioofdensityataltitudetodensityatsealevel.Sigmaisalwaysless
than1.

QuestionNumber.
63.
Anuntaperedstraightwingwill.

OptionA.
havenoyaweffectinbanking.

OptionB.
stallattherootfirst.
OptionC.
havenochangeininduceddraginthebank.
CorrectAnsweris. stallattherootfirst.
Explanation. Thestraightwingwillalwaysstallattherootfirst.Thisisthedesiredstallcharacteristic.

QuestionNumber.
64.
Withtheaileronsawayfromtheneutral,induceddragis.

OptionA.
higheronthelowerwingplusprofiledragincreases.

OptionB.
unchangedbutprofiledragishigher.
OptionC.
higherontheupperwingplusprofiledragincreases.

CorrectAnsweris. higherontheupperwingplusprofiledragincreases.

Explanation. Induceddragis'liftdependantdrag'.Theupperwinghasmoreliftandhencemoreinduceddrag.Italsohasmore
profiledragduetotheaileron'sprotrusionintotheairflow.

QuestionNumber.
65.
Alltheliftcanbesaidtoactthroughthe.

OptionA.
centreofpressure.

OptionB.
centreofgravity.

OptionC.
normalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. centreofpressure.

Explanation. Alltheliftissaidtoactthroughthecentreofpressure.

QuestionNumber.
66.
Theconceptofthrustisexplainedby.

OptionA.
Bernoullistheorem.
OptionB.
Newtons3rdlaw.

OptionC.
Newtons1stlaw.

CorrectAnsweris. Newtons3rdlaw.

Explanation. Newton'sThirdLawstates'Everyactionhasanequalandoppositereaction'.

QuestionNumber.
67.
Thecamberofanaerofoilsectionis.

OptionA.
theanglewhichtheaerofoilmakeswiththerelativeairflow.

OptionB.
thecurvatureofthemedianlineoftheaerofoil.

OptionC.
theangleofincidencetowardsthetipofawing.

CorrectAnsweris. thecurvatureofthemedianlineoftheaerofoil.

Explanation. Aerofoilcamberisthecurvatureofthemedianlineoftheaerofoil.

QuestionNumber.
68.
Induceddrag.

OptionA.
iscausedbyskinfriction.

OptionB.
isassociatedwiththeliftgeneratedbyanaerofoil.
OptionC.
resultsfromdisturbedairflowintheregionofmainplane.ORisassociatedwiththeliftgeneratedbyanaerofoil.
CorrectAnsweris. resultsfromdisturbedairflowintheregionofmainplaneattachments.

Explanation. Induceddragisoftencalled'liftdependantdrag'becauseitincreaseswithincreasinglift(duetoincreasedAOA).

QuestionNumber.
69.
Asairflowsovertheuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoil,whathappenstovelocityandpressure?.

OptionA.
Velocityincreases,pressureincreases.

OptionB.
Velocityincreases,pressuredecreases.

OptionC.
Velocitydecreases,pressuredecreases.

CorrectAnsweris. Velocityincreases,pressuredecreases.

Explanation. Asairflowsovertheuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoil,velcityincreasesandpressuredecreases.Thisis
Bernoulli'seffect.

QuestionNumber.
70.
Whatistheforcethattendstopullanaircraftdowntowardstheearth?.

OptionA.
Thrust.
OptionB.
Weight.

OptionC.
Drag.
CorrectAnsweris. Weight.

Explanation. Weighttendstopulltheaircraftdowntowardstheearth.

QuestionNumber.
71.
Theangleatwhichthechordlineoftheaerofoilispresentedtotheairflowisknownas.

OptionA.
angleofattack.

OptionB.
resultant.

OptionC.
angleofincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack.

Explanation. AngleofAttackistheangleatwhichthechordlineoftheaerofoilispresentedtotheairflow.

QuestionNumber.
72.
Theimaginarystraightlinewhichpassesthroughanaerofoilsectionfromleadingedgetotrailingedge
iscalled.

OptionA.
thechordline.
OptionB.
thedirectionofrelativeairflow.

OptionC.
centreofpressure.

CorrectAnsweris. thechordline.
Explanation. TheChordLineistheimaginarystraightlinewhichpassesthroughtheaerofoilfromleadingedgetotrailingedge.

QuestionNumber.
73.
Whatistheanglebetweenthechordlineofthewing,andthelongitudinalaxisoftheaircraft,known
as?.

OptionA.
Angleofdihedral.

OptionB.
Angleofattack.

OptionC.
Angleofincidence.

CorrectAnsweris. Angleofincidence.
Explanation. Angleofincidenceistheanglebetweenthechordlineofthewingandthelongitudinalaxisoftheaircraft.

QuestionNumber.
74.
Wingtipvorticescreateatypeofdragknownas.

OptionA.
formdrag.

OptionB.
profiledrag.
OptionC.
induceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. induceddrag.
Explanation. Induceddragisassociatedwithwingtipvortices.

QuestionNumber.
75.
Whichofthefollowingdescribesthe'Empennage'?.

OptionA.
Tailsectionoftheaircraft,includingfin,rudder,tailplaneandelevators.
OptionB.
Nosesectionofanaircraft,includingthecockpit.
OptionC.
Thewings,includingtheailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. Tailsectionoftheaircraft,includingfin,rudder,tailplaneandelevators.
Explanation. Empannage'isthewholetailoftheaircraftincludingfin,rudder,tailplaneandelevator.

QuestionNumber.
76.
Astheangleofattackisincreased(uptothestallpoint),whichofthefollowingiscorrect?.
OptionA.
Botha)andb)arecorrect.

OptionB.
Pressuredifferencebetweentopandbottomofthewingincreases.
OptionC.
Liftincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Botha)andb)arecorrect.

Explanation. Astheangleofattackisincreasedthepressuredifferencebetweentheupperandlowersurfacesofthewingis
increased.Thiscausesthelifttoincrease.

QuestionNumber.
77.
Whattypeofdrag,dependsonthesmoothnessofthebody,andsurfaceareaoverwhichtheairflows?.

OptionA.
Formdrag.

OptionB.
Parasitedrag.
OptionC.
Skinfrictiondrag.

CorrectAnsweris. Skinfrictiondrag.

Explanation. Skinfrictiondragdependsuponthesmoothnessofthebodyandthesurfacearea.

QuestionNumber.
78.
Whenairflowvelocityoveranuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoildecreases,whattakesplace?.

OptionA.
Pressuredecreases,liftincreases.

OptionB.
Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.

OptionC.
Pressureincreases,liftincreases.

CorrectAnsweris. Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.

Explanation. WhenairflowvelocityovertheuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoilDECREASES,thepressureincreasesandthus
theliftdecreases.

QuestionNumber.
79.
Whenanaircraftstalls.

OptionA.
liftincreasesanddragdecreases.

OptionB.
liftanddragincrease.
OptionC.
liftdecreasesanddragincreases.

CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreasesanddragincreases.

Explanation. Whenanaircraftstallsthedragincreasesandtheliftdecreases.

QuestionNumber.
80.
Wingloadingis.

OptionA.
themaximumallupweightmultipliedbythetotalwingarea.

OptionB.
themaximumallupweightdividedbythetotalwingarea.

OptionC.
theratiooftheallupweightoftheaircrafttoitsbasicweight.

CorrectAnsweris. theratiooftheallupweightoftheaircrafttoitsbasicweight.ORthemaximumallupweightdividedbythe
totalwingarea.

Explanation. WingLoadingisweightdividedbywingarea.MeasuredinNewtonsperSquareMetre.

QuestionNumber.
81.
Anaircraftwingwithanaspectrationof6:1isproportionalsothat.

OptionA.
thewingareaissixtimesthespan.
OptionB.
themeanchordissixtimesthethickness.
OptionC.
thewingspanissixtimesthemeanchord.
CorrectAnsweris. thewingspanissixtimesthemeanchord.
Explanation. Ifaspectratiois6:1thewingspanis6timesthemeanchord.

QuestionNumber.
82.
Upwardandoutwardinclinationofamainplaneistermed.

OptionA.
dihedral.

OptionB.
sweep.
OptionC.
stagger.

CorrectAnsweris. dihedral.

Explanation. Upwardandoutwardinclinationofamainplaneistermeddihedral.

QuestionNumber.
83.
Whichofthefollowingforcesactonanaircraftinlevelflight?.

OptionA.
Lift,drag,thrust.

OptionB.
Lift,thrust,andweight.

OptionC.
Lift,thrust,weight,anddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Lift,thrust,weight,anddrag.
Explanation. Lift,thrust,weightanddragactonanaircraftinlevelflight.

QuestionNumber.
84.
Withreferencetoaltimeters,QFEis.

OptionA.
themanufacturersregisteredname.
OptionB.
quitefineequipment.
OptionC.
settingaerodromeatmosphericpressuresothatanaltimeterreadszeroonlandingandtakeoff.
CorrectAnsweris. settingaerodromeatmosphericpressuresothatanaltimeterreadszeroonlandingandtakeoff.
Explanation. Qisthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.FEstandsforFieldElevation.QFEreferstosettingthealtimeterto
aerodromeatmosphericpressuresothealtimeterreadszeroonlandingandtakeoff.

QuestionNumber.
85.
UndertheICAO'Q'codetherearewhichthreesettings?.

OptionA.
QEF,QNH,QEN.

OptionB.
QE,QN,QQE.

OptionC.
QFE,QNH,QNE.

CorrectAnsweris. QFE,QNH,QNE.

Explanation. TheICAO'Q'codesareQFE.QNE,QNH.

QuestionNumber.
86.
Wingloadingis.

OptionA.
WINGAREA*WINGCHORD.

OptionB.
GROSSWEIGHTdividedbyGROSSWINGAREA.

OptionC.
theultimatetensilestrengthofthewing.

CorrectAnsweris. GROSSWEIGHTdividedbyGROSSWINGAREA.

Explanation. WingloadingisgrossweightdividedbywingareameasuredinNewtonsperSquareMetre.

QuestionNumber.
87.
Weightisequalto.

OptionA.
mass*acceleration.
OptionB.
mass*gravity.

OptionC.
volume*gravity.

CorrectAnsweris. mass*gravity.

Explanation. Weight=mass*gravityinstraightandlevelflight.Inamanoeuvre,additionalaccelerationsarepresent,whichare
sometimesconsideredtoincreaseweight.Thequestioncanthereforebeansweredintwoways.

QuestionNumber.
88.
Induceddrag.

OptionA.
increaseswithincreaseinaircraftweight.
OptionB.
increaseswithanincreaseinspeed.
OptionC.
reduceswithanincreaseinangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseswithincreaseinaircraftweight.
Explanation. Induceddragincreasewithaircraftweightbecauseitis'liftdependantdrag'.

QuestionNumber.
89.
Airflowovertheuppersurfaceofthewinggenerally.

OptionA.
flowstowardsthetip.
OptionB.
flowstowardstheroot.

OptionC.
flowsstraightfromleadingedgetotrailingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. flowstowardstheroot.

Explanation. Duetowingtipvorticesthereisageneralflowofairfromtiptorootonthetopsurface,androottotiponthelower
surface.

QuestionNumber.
90.
WithanincreaseinaspectratioforagivenIAS,induceddragwill.

OptionA.
reduce.
OptionB.
remainconstant.

OptionC.
increase.

CorrectAnsweris. reduce.
Explanation. Alongslenderwing(highaspectratio)hasalowinduceddrag.

QuestionNumber.
91.
Ifthedensityoftheairisincreased,theliftwill.

OptionA.
remainthesame.

OptionB.
increase.

OptionC.
decrease.

CorrectAnsweris. increase.

Explanation. Seetheformulaforlift.Liftisdirectlyproportionaltoairdensity.

QuestionNumber.
92.
Allthefactorsthataffecttheliftproducedbyanaerofoilare.

OptionA.
angleofattack,velocity,wingarea,aerofoilshape,airdensity.

OptionB.
angleofattack,airtemperature,velocity,wingarea.
OptionC.
angleofattack,airdensity,velocity,wingarea.

CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack,velocity,wingarea,aerofoilshape,airdensity.

Explanation. LiftformulaisCL(includesaerofoilshapeandangleofattack)*1/2*airdensity*velocitysquared.

QuestionNumber.
93.
Awingsectionsuitableforhighspeedwouldbe.

OptionA.
thinwithhighcamber.

OptionB.
thickwithhighcamber.

OptionC.
thinwithlittleornocamber.
CorrectAnsweris. thinwithlittleornocamber.
Explanation. Ahighspeedwingisthinwithlittlecamber.

QuestionNumber.
94.
Theinduceddragofanaircraft.

OptionA.
increasesifaspectratioisincreased.
OptionB.
decreaseswithincreasingspeed.

OptionC.
increaseswithincreasingspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. decreaseswithincreasingspeed.

Explanation. Induceddragdecreaseswithincreasingspeed.

QuestionNumber.
95.
Asthespeedofanaircraftincreases,theprofiledrag.

OptionA.
decreasesatfirstthenincrease.

OptionB.
increases.

OptionC.
decreases.

CorrectAnsweris. increases.

Explanation. Profiledragincreaseswithincreasingspeed.

QuestionNumber.
96.
Thestagnationpointonanaerofoilisthepointwhere.

OptionA.
theboundarylayerchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.

OptionB.
thesuctionpressurereachesamaximum.

OptionC.
theairflowisbroughtcompletelytorest.

CorrectAnsweris. theairflowisbroughtcompletelytorest.

Explanation. Thestagnationpointontheaerofoilisthepointwheretheairflowisbroughtcompletelytorestontheleadingedge.

QuestionNumber.
97.
Thestallingofanaerofoilisaffectedbythe.

OptionA.
transitionspeed.

OptionB.
airspeed.

OptionC.
angleofattack.

CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack.

Explanation. Thestallpositionofanaerofoilisdeterminedbyitsangleofattackonly.

QuestionNumber.
98.
Themostfuelefficientofthefollowingtypesofengineisthe.

OptionA.
turbojetengine.

OptionB.
turbofanengine.

OptionC.
rocket.
CorrectAnsweris. turbofanengine.

Explanation. Theturbofanisthemostfuelefficientengine.

QuestionNumber.
99.
Thequietestofthefollowingtypesofengineisthe.

OptionA.
turbojetengine.

OptionB.
rocket.
OptionC.
turbofanengine.

CorrectAnsweris. turbofanengine.

Explanation. Theturbofanisthequietestengine.

QuestionNumber.
100. Forwardmotionofagliderisprovidedby.

OptionA.
theweight.

OptionB.
thedrag.

OptionC.
theengine.

CorrectAnsweris. theweight.

Explanation. Theweightprovidesforwardmotionofaglider.

QuestionNumber.
101. Profiledragconsistsofwhatdragtypes?.

OptionA.
Form,inducedandinterference.

OptionB.
Form,inducedandskinfriction.

OptionC.
Form,skinfrictionandinterference.
CorrectAnsweris. Form,skinfrictionandinterference.
Explanation. Profiledrag(knownasParasitedragintheUSA)consistsofFormDrag,SkinFrictionDragandInterferenceDrag.

QuestionNumber.
102. Anaircraftinstraightandlevelflightissubjectto.

OptionA.
aloadfactorof1.

OptionB.
aloadfactorof.
OptionC.
zeroloadfactor.

CorrectAnsweris. aloadfactorof1.

Explanation. Anaircraftinstraightandlevelflightissubjecttoaloadfactorof1(i.e.1g).

QuestionNumber.
103. Aspectratioisgivenbytheformula.

OptionA.
MeanChord/Span.
2
OptionB.
Span
/Area.
2
OptionC.
Span
/MeanChord.
2
CorrectAnsweris. Span
/Area.
2
Explanation. AspectRatioisspan/meanchord.Multiplytopandbottombyspanandyougetspan
/area.

QuestionNumber.
104. Anaspectratioof8means.

OptionA.
themeanchordis8timesthespan.
OptionB.
thespanis8timesthemeanchord.
OptionC.
theareais8timesthespan.
CorrectAnsweris. thespanis8timesthemeanchord.
Explanation. AnAspectRatioof8meansthespanis8timesthechord.

QuestionNumber.
105. Ahighaspectratiowing.

OptionA.
hasahigherstallanglethanalowaspectratiowing.
OptionB.
isstifferthanalowaspectratiowing.

OptionC.
haslessinduceddragthanalowaspectratiowing.
CorrectAnsweris. haslessinduceddragthanalowaspectratiowing.
Explanation. Alongslenderwing(highaspectratio)haslessinduceddragthanashortstubbywing.


QuestionNumber.
106. Induceddownwash.

OptionA.
reducestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.

OptionB.
increasestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.
OptionC.
hasnoeffectontheangleofattackofthewing.

CorrectAnsweris. reducestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.

Explanation. Induceddownwashreducestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.

QuestionNumber.
107. Astraightrectangularwing,withoutanytwist,will.

OptionA.
havelessangleofattackatthetip.
OptionB.
havegreaterangleofattackatthetip.

OptionC.
havethesameangleofattackatallpointsalongthespan.
CorrectAnsweris. havethesameangleofattackatallpointsalongthespan.ORhavelessangleofattackatthetip.
Explanation. Duetowingtipvortices,thereismoredownwashatthetip,andthereforethereislessangleofattackatthetip.

QuestionNumber.
108. Given2wings,thefirstwithaspanof12mandachordof2m.Thesecondhasaspanof6manda
chordof1m.HowdotheirAspectRatioscompare?.

OptionA.
Thefirstishigher.

OptionB.
Theyarethesame.
OptionC.
Thesecondishigher.
CorrectAnsweris. Theyarethesame.
Explanation. Aspectratio=Span/Chord.

QuestionNumber.
109. TheCofGmovesinflight.Themostlikelycauseofthisis.

OptionA.
movementofpassengers.

OptionB.
consumptionoffuelandoils.
OptionC.
movementofcargo.

CorrectAnsweris. consumptionoffuelandoils.
Explanation. ConsumptionoffuelandoilcausestheCofGtomoveinflight.

QuestionNumber.
110. Astraightrectangularwing,withoutanytwist,will.

OptionA.
stallequallyalongthespanofthewing.

OptionB.
stallfirstatthetip.
OptionC.
stallfirstattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. stallfirstattheroot.
Explanation. Astraightrectangularwingwillstallfirstattheroot.Thisisbecausetheeffectiveangleofattackisreducedatthetips
becauseofthegreaterdownwashatthetips.

QuestionNumber.
111. Whenanaircraftexperiencesinduceddrag.

OptionA.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardstherootandontopofthewingspanwisetowardsthetip.
OptionB.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.
OptionC.
Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausespanwiseflow.
CorrectAnsweris. Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausespanwise.ORairflowsunderthewingspanwisetowards
thetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.
Explanation. Induceddragcausesairtoflowunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardsthe
root.

QuestionNumber.
112. Anaeroplanewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelatively.

OptionA.
positiveairpressurebelowandabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionB.
positiveairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceannegativeairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionC.
negativeairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.ORnegativeair
pressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveair.
CorrectAnsweris. negativeairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveair.

Explanation. Thewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelativelypositiveairpressurebelowthewingsurfaceandnegative

airpressureabovethewingsurface.

QuestionNumber.
113. Aspectratioofawingisdefinedastheratioofthe.

OptionA.
wingspantothemeanchord.
OptionB.
wingspantothewingroot.
OptionC.
squareofthechordtothewingspan.
CorrectAnsweris. wingspantothemeanchord.
Explanation. Aspectratioisdefinedastheratioofthewingspantomeanchord.

QuestionNumber.
114. Whichofthefollowingistrue?.

OptionA.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.

OptionB.
Liftactsatrightanglestothewingchordlineandweightactsverticallydown.

OptionC.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsatrightanglestotheaircraftcentreline.
CorrectAnsweris. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
Explanation. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.

QuestionNumber.
115. Theairflowovertheuppersurfaceofacamberedwing.

OptionA.
increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.

OptionB.
increasesinvelocityandpressure.
OptionC.
reducesinvelocityandincreasesinpressure.

CorrectAnsweris. increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.

Explanation. Airflowflowingovertheuppersurfaceofanaerofoilincreasesinvelocityanddecreasesinpressure.

QuestionNumber.
116. Withincreasedspeedinlevelflight.

OptionA.
profiledragincreases.
OptionB.
induceddragincreases.

OptionC.
profiledragremainsconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. profiledragincreases.
Explanation. Withincreasedspeedinlevelflight,theprofiledragincreasesandtheinduceddragdecreases.

QuestionNumber.
117. Anaeroplanewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelatively.

OptionA.
positiveairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandnegativeairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionB.
negativeairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionC.
positiveairpressurebelowandabovethewing'ssurface.
CorrectAnsweris. positiveairpressurebelowandabovethewing'ssurface.
Explanation. Thewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelativelypositiveairpressurebelowthewingsurfaceandnegative
airpressureabovethewingsurface.".

QuestionNumber.
118. Theangleofattackofanaerofoilsectionistheanglebetweenthe.

OptionA.
undersideofthewingsurfaceandthemeanairflow.
OptionB.
chordlineandtherelativeairflow.
OptionC.
chordlineandthecentrelineofthefuselage.

CorrectAnsweris. chordlineandtherelativeairflow.
Explanation. Angleofattackofanaerofoilistheanglebetweenthechordlineandtherelativeairflow.

QuestionNumber.
119. Asweptwingtendstostallfirstatthe.

OptionA.
centresection.
OptionB.
root.
OptionC.
tip.

CorrectAnsweris. tip.

Explanation. Asweptwingtendstostallfirstatthetip.

QuestionNumber.
120. Thetrailingvortexonapointedwing(taperratio=0)is.

OptionA.
atthetip.

OptionB.
equallyallalongthewingspan.

OptionC.
attheroot.

CorrectAnsweris. attheroot.

Explanation. Thevortexofapointedwingconcentratedattherootofthewingexactlyoppositetostraightwings.

QuestionNumber.
121. Theliftcurveforadeltawingis.

OptionA.
moresteepthanthatofahighaspectratiowing.

OptionB.
lesssteepthanthatofahighaspectratiowing.

OptionC.
thesameasthatofahighaspectratiowing.
CorrectAnsweris. lesssteepthanthatofahighaspectratiowing.

Explanation. Adeltawingproduceslessliftforanygivenangleofattackthananyothertypeofwing.

QuestionNumber.
122. Anincreaseinthespeedatwhichanaerofoilpassesthroughtheairincreasesliftbecause.

OptionA.
theincreasedspeedoftheairflowcreatesagreaterpressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurfaces.
OptionB.
theincreasedspeedoftheairflowcreatesalesserpressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurfaces.
OptionC.
theincreasedvelocityoftherelativewindincreasestheangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. theincreasedvelocityoftherelativewindincreasestheangle.ORtheincreasedspeedoftheairflowcreatesa
greaterpressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurfaces.
Explanation. Increasingthespeedofanaerofoilincreasesthepressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurface.

QuestionNumber.
123. Adeltawinghas.

OptionA.
alowerstallanglethanastraightwing.

OptionB.
ahigherstallanglethanastraightwing.

OptionC.
thesamestallanglethanastraightwing.

CorrectAnsweris. ahigherstallanglethanastraightwing.

Explanation. Adeltawinghasamuchhigherstallanglethananormalwing(someasmuchas40degrees).

QuestionNumber.
124. Theairflowovertheuppersurfaceofacamberedwing.

OptionA.
reducesinvelocityandincreasesinpressure.

OptionB.
increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.

OptionC.
increasesinvelocityandpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.

Explanation. Airflowovertheuppersurfaceofacamberedsurfaceofthewingincreasesinvelocityanddecreasesinpressure.

QuestionNumber.
125. Thespeedofairoverasweptwingwhichcontributestotheliftis.

OptionA.
lessthantheaircraftspeed.
OptionB.
thesameastheaircraftspeed.
OptionC.
morethantheaircraftspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. lessthantheaircraftspeed.
Explanation. IfaircraftspeedisV,speedofairflowoverwingwhichcontributestoliftisVcos(sweepangle).Cos(sweepangle)<1.
SeeACKermode,MechanicsofFlight(10thedition).Pg359Fig11.16.

QuestionNumber.
126. Foragivenangleofattack,induceddragis.

OptionA.
greateronahighaspectratiowing.
OptionB.
greatertowardsthewingroot.

OptionC.
greateronalowaspectratiowing.
CorrectAnsweris. greateronalowaspectratiowing.
Explanation. Alowaspectratiowing(shortstubbywing)hasagreaterinduceddrag.

QuestionNumber.
127. Instraightandlevelflight,theangleofattackofasweptwingis.

OptionA.
lessthantheaircraftangletothehorizontal.

OptionB.
morethantheaircraftangletothehorizontal.

OptionC.
thesameastheaircraftangletothehorizontal.

CorrectAnsweris. lessthantheaircraftangletothehorizontal.
Explanation. Sincethe'effective'velocityvectoroverasweptwingisnotparallelwiththeforwarddirectionoftheaircraft,achange
inpitchoftheaircrafthaslessereffectupontheAOAofthewing.

QuestionNumber.
128. Induceddrag.

OptionA.
isequaltotheprofiledragatVmd.
OptionB.
isequaltotheprofiledragatthestallingspeed.

OptionC.
isneverequaltotheprofiledrag.

CorrectAnsweris. isequaltotheprofiledragatVmd.
Explanation. InduceddragisequaltoprofiledragatVmd.

QuestionNumber.
129. Adeltawingaircraftflyingatthesamespeed(subsonic)andangleofattackasasweptwingaircraftof
similarwingareawillproduce.

OptionA.
morelift.

OptionB.
lesslift.

OptionC.
thesamelift.
CorrectAnsweris. lesslift.

Explanation. Adeltawingaircraftatanygivenangleofattackandspeedwillproducelessliftthananyothertypeofwing.

QuestionNumber.
130. Thestagnationpointis.

OptionA.
staticpressureminusdynamicpressure.

OptionB.
dynamicpressureonly.

OptionC.
staticpressureplusdynamicpressure.

CorrectAnsweris. staticpressureplusdynamicpressure.

Explanation. Atstagnation,thepressureistotal(staticplusdynamic).

QuestionNumber.
131. Onasweptwingaircraft,duetotheadversepressuregradient,theboundarylayerontheuppersurface
ofthewingtendstoflow.

OptionA.
towardstheroot.

OptionB.
towardsthetip.

OptionC.
directlyfromleadingedgetotrailingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. towardsthetip.

Explanation. Duetoadversepressuregradientonasweptwing,theboundarylayerslidestowardsthetipandthickensatthetip.This
iswhysweptwingsstallfirstatthetips.

QuestionNumber.
132. Withincreasedspeedinlevelflight.

OptionA.
induceddragincreases.

OptionB.
profiledragincreases.
OptionC.
profiledragremainsconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. profiledragincreases.
Explanation. Profiledragincreaseswithspeed,induceddragdecreaseswithspeed.

QuestionNumber.
133. Ifasweptwingstallsatthetipsfirst,theaircraftwill.

OptionA.
pitchnoseup.
OptionB.
roll.
OptionC.
pitchnosedown.

CorrectAnsweris. pitchnoseup.
Explanation. SincethetipsarebehindtheCentreofGravity,losingtheliftatthetipswillcausethenosetorise.

QuestionNumber.
134. Thethickness/chordratioofthewingisalsoknownas.

OptionA.
finenessratio.

OptionB.
meanchordratio.

OptionC.
aspectratio.
CorrectAnsweris. finenessratio.
Explanation. Thethickness/chordratioofthewingisalsoknownasthefinenessratio.(Technically,thickness/chordratio=
1/finenessratio).

QuestionNumber.
135. Flexureofarearwardsweptwingwill.

OptionA.
increasetheliftandhenceincreasetheflexure.

OptionB.
increasetheliftandhencedecreasetheflexure.

OptionC.
decreasetheliftandhencedecreasetheflexure.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasetheliftandhencedecreasetheflexure.

Explanation. Flexureofarearwardsweptwingwilldecreasethelift(sincethewingpresentsitsuppersurfacetotheairflowandthe
angleofattackreduces)andsothewingflexesback.

QuestionNumber.
136. AHighAspectRatiowingisawingwith.

OptionA.
shortspan,longchord.

OptionB.
longspan,longchord.
OptionC.
longspan,shortchord.

CorrectAnsweris. longspan,shortchord.

Explanation. Aspectratioistheratioofspantochord.

QuestionNumber.
137. Stallcommencingattherootispreferredbecause.

OptionA.
itprovidesthepilotwithawarningofcompletelossoflift.
OptionB.
theaileronsbecomeineffective.

OptionC.
itwillcausetheaircrafttopitchnoseup.

CorrectAnsweris. itprovidesthepilotwithawarningofcompletelossoflift.
Explanation. Stallcommencingattherootcausesturbulentairtohitthetailplane.Theresulting'buffet'warnsthepilotjustbefore

completestall.

QuestionNumber.
138. Anaircraftflyingin'groundeffect'willproduce.

OptionA.
thesameliftasasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.
OptionB.
lessliftthanasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.

OptionC.
moreliftthanasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.

CorrectAnsweris. moreliftthanasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.

Explanation. Anaircraftflyingingroundeffectwillhavemoreliftthananaircraftnotflyingingroundeffect(whichiswhyseagulls
glideclosetothewatersurface).

QuestionNumber.
139. Iftheangleofattackofawingisincreasedinflight,the.

OptionA.
CofPwillmoveaft.
OptionB.
CofPwillmoveforward.

OptionC.
CofGwillmoveaft.
CorrectAnsweris. CofPwillmoveforward.

Explanation. IncreasingtheAOAmovestheCofPforward.

QuestionNumber.
140. TheRamsHornVortexonaforwardsweptwingwillbe.

OptionA.
morethanarearwardsweptwing.
OptionB.
lessthanarearwardsweptwing.

OptionC.
thesameasarearwardsweptwing.
CorrectAnsweris. lessthanarearwardsweptwing.

Explanation. AforwardsweptwingdoesnotsufferfromtheRamsHornVortex.

QuestionNumber.
141. Foracamberedwingsectionthezeroliftangleofattackwillbe.

OptionA.
4degrees.

OptionB.
zero.
OptionC.
negative.

CorrectAnsweris. negative.

Explanation. Anonsymmetricalwingwillproducesomeliftatzerodegrees.Thereforeitmusthaveanegativeangleofattackto
producezerolift.

QuestionNumber.
142. Airflowatsubsonicspeedistakentobe.

OptionA.
compressible.
OptionB.
eitheraorbdependingonaltitude.
OptionC.
incompressible.

CorrectAnsweris. incompressible.

Explanation. Subsonicairflowisalwaysconsideredtobeincompressible.

QuestionNumber.
143. Bernoulli'sequationshowsthat.

OptionA.
atconstantvelocitythekineticenergyoftheairchangeswithachangeofheight.
OptionB.
withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
OptionC.
withachangeinspeedatconstantheightbothkineticandpotentialenergieschange.

CorrectAnsweris. withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
Explanation. Bernoulli'stheoremstatesthatifvelocityincreases,thestaticpressuredecreases,andviceversa.

QuestionNumber.
144. Iffluidflowthroughaventuriissaidtobeincompressible,thespeedoftheflowincreasesatthethroat
to.

OptionA.
allowforareductioninstaticpressure.

OptionB.
maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.

OptionC.
allowforanincreaseinstaticpressure.

CorrectAnsweris. maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.

Explanation. Volumeflowrateisconstantatallpartsoftheflow(iffluidinincompressible)regardlessofcrosssectionalarea.

QuestionNumber.
145. Toproducelift,anaerofoilmustbe.

OptionA.
asymmetrical.
OptionB.
symmetrical.
OptionC.
eithersymmetricalorasymmetrical.
CorrectAnsweris. eithersymmetricalorasymmetrical.
Explanation. Toproducelift,theaerofoilcanbeeithersymmetricalorasymmetrical.

QuestionNumber.
146. Liftisdependenton.

OptionA.
thenetareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.
OptionB.
theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmedium,andthesquareofthevelocity.

OptionC.
thefrontalareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.

CorrectAnsweris. theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmedium,andthesquareofthevelocity.

Explanation. Seetheformulaforlift.

QuestionNumber.
147. Awingdevelops10,000Nofliftat100knots.Assumingthewingremainsatthesameangleofattack
andremainsatthesamealtitude,howmuchliftwillitdevelopat300knots?.

OptionA.
30,000N.

OptionB.
900,000N.

OptionC.
90,000N.

CorrectAnsweris. 90,000N.

Explanation. Seetheformulaforlift.Velocityissquared,soifyoutriplethevelocity,theliftis9times.

QuestionNumber.
148. Theangleofattackis.

OptionA.
relatedtoangleofincidence.
OptionB.
alwayskeptbelow15degrees.

OptionC.
notrelatedtotheangleofincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. notrelatedtotheangleofincidence.
Explanation. Seedefinitionsofangleofattackandangleofincidence.

QuestionNumber.
149. Thedifferencebetweenthemeancamberlineandthechordlineofanaerofoilis.

OptionA.
neitherarestraight.
OptionB.
theybothmaybecurved.

OptionC.
oneisalwaysstraightandtheothermaybestraight.
CorrectAnsweris. oneisalwaysstraightandtheothermaybestraight.
Explanation. Seethedefinitionsofmeancamberandchordline.

QuestionNumber.
150. IftheCofGiscalculatedafterloadingaswithinlimitsfortakeoff.

OptionA.
afurthercalculationisrequiredpriortolandingtoallowforfuelandoilconsumption.

OptionB.
afurthercalculationisrequiredpriortolandingtoallowforflapdeployment.

OptionC.
nofurthercalculationisrequired.

CorrectAnsweris. afurthercalculationisrequiredpriortolandingtoallowforfuelandoilconsumption.

Explanation. IftheCGofthefuelisnotdirectlyontheemptyaircraftCG,theloadedaircraftCGmustbecalculatedtwice(withand
withoutfuel).

QuestionNumber.
151. Helicopterrotorbladescreateliftby.

OptionA.
pushingtheairdown.
OptionB.
workinglikeascrew.
OptionC.
creatinglowpressureabovetheblades.

CorrectAnsweris. creatinglowpressureabovetheblades.

Explanation. Apureaerodynamicistwouldsayallthreearecorrect.Butprobablya)istechnicallymostcorrect.

QuestionNumber.
152. Thespanwisecomponentoftheairflowis.

OptionA.
greaterathigherspeeds.

OptionB.
unaffectedbyspeed.
OptionC.
lessathigherspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. lessathigherspeeds.
Explanation. Thetipvorticesarelessathighspeed(duetolowerAOAathighspeed).Thetipvorticescausethespanwiseflow.

QuestionNumber.
153. Awingfence.

OptionA.
actsasaliftdumpingdevice.
OptionB.
reducesspanwiseflowonasweptwingthusreducinginduceddrag.

OptionC.
increaseslateralcontrol.

CorrectAnsweris. reducesspanwiseflowonasweptwingthusreducinginduceddrag.

Explanation. Awingfencereducesspanwiseflow.Refer:BarnardandPhillpottPage78.

QuestionNumber.
154. Withallconditionsremainingthesame,iftheaircraftspeedishalved,bywhatfactoristhelift
reduced?.

OptionA.
Half.
OptionB.
Byafactorof4.

OptionC.
Remainsthesame.
CorrectAnsweris. Byafactorof4.

Explanation. Liftisproportionaltothesquareofaircraftspeed.

QuestionNumber.
155. Theboundarylayeroveranaerofoilis.

OptionA.
alayerofairclosetotheaerofoilwhichismovingatavelocitylessthanfreestreamair.
OptionB.
alayerofturbulentairclosetotheaerofoilwhichismovingatavelocitylessthanfreestreamair.

OptionC.
alayerofairclosetotheaerofoilthatisstationary.
CorrectAnsweris. alayerofairclosetotheaerofoilwhichismovingatavelocitylessthanfreestreamair.

Explanation. Boundarylayerairconsistsofturbulentandlaminarairflow.

QuestionNumber.
156. Onasweptwingaircraft,thefinenessratioofanaerofoilis.

OptionA.
highestattheroot.

OptionB.
equalthroughoutthespan.
OptionC.
highestatthetip.

CorrectAnsweris. highestatthetip.

Explanation. Finenessratio(chord/thickness)isgreatestatthetip.Finenessratioistheinverseofthickness/chordratio.Some
textbooksdifferonthedefinitionof'finenessratio'butmoststateFR=chord/thickness.QuoteA&PMechanicsAirframeHandbook
Page32'Ifawinghasahighfinenessratio,itisaverythinwing.Athickwinghaslowfinenessratio'.

QuestionNumber.
157. Streamliningwillreduce.

OptionA.
induceddrag.
OptionB.
skinfrictiondrag.

OptionC.
formdrag.

CorrectAnsweris. formdrag.

Explanation. Formdragisafunctionofshape.

QuestionNumber.
158. Ifanaircrafthasagrossweightof3000kgandisthensubjectedtoatotalweightof6000kgtheload
factorwillbe.

OptionA.
2G.

OptionB.
9G.

OptionC.
3G.

CorrectAnsweris. 2G.

Explanation. Loadfactorisameasureofhowmanytimesheaviertheaircraft'feels'comparedtohowheavyitactuallyis.

QuestionNumber.
159. Iceformedontheleadingedgewillcausetheaircraftto.

OptionA.
stallatahigherspeed.
OptionB.
stallatalowerspeed.
OptionC.
stallatthesamestallspeedandAOA.

CorrectAnsweris. stallatahigherspeed.
Explanation. Icechangethewingsectionshapeandhencelift(CL)islessandstallspeedisgreater.

QuestionNumber.
160. Underwhatconditionswillanaircraftcreatebestlift?.

OptionA.
Hotdampdayat1200ft.

OptionB.
Colddrydayat200ft.

OptionC.
Coldwetdayat1200ft.

CorrectAnsweris. Colddrydayat200ft.

Explanation. Colddryairatlowaltitudeprovidesmaximumairdensityhencebestlift.

QuestionNumber.
161. AsMachnumberincreases,whatistheeffectonboundarylayer?.

OptionA.
Becomesmoreturbulent.

OptionB.
Decreasesinthickness.

OptionC.
Becomeslessturbulent.

CorrectAnsweris. Becomesmoreturbulent.

Explanation. Asspeedincreases(speedhereismeasuredinMach)thetransitionpointmovesforward,henceturbulentboundary
layerincreases.

QuestionNumber.
162. Duringaglidethefollowingforcesactonanaircraft.

OptionA.
liftandweightonly.
OptionB.
lift,drag,weight.

OptionC.
lift,weight,thrust.

CorrectAnsweris. lift,drag,weight.

Explanation. Nothrustinaglide.Theweightprovidestheforwardmotion.

QuestionNumber.
163. Ifanaileronismoveddownward.

OptionA.
thestallingangleofthatwingisincreased.
OptionB.
thestallingangleisnotaffectedbutthestallingspeedisdecreased.
OptionC.
thestallingangleofthatwingisdecreased.
CorrectAnsweris. thestallingangleofthatwingisdecreased.
Explanation. Theaileronincreasesthe'local'AOAandprovidesagreatercamber.Bothwillcausethestallingangleofthewingto
decrease.

QuestionNumber.
164. Ifthewingloadingofanaircraftwerereducedthestallingspeedwould.

OptionA.
increase.

OptionB.
notbeaffected.

OptionC.
decrease.

CorrectAnsweris. decrease.

Explanation. Anincreaseinwingloadingincreasesthestallspeed.Andviceversa.

QuestionNumber.
165. Theliftonawingisincreasedwith.

OptionA.
anincreaseintemperature.
OptionB.
anincreaseinpressure.

OptionC.
anincreaseinhumidity.

CorrectAnsweris. anincreaseinpressure.

Explanation. Liftdependsondensity.Increasesinhumidityandtemperaturereducedensity.Increaseinpressureincreasesdensity.

QuestionNumber.
166. Theairflowbehindanormalshockwavewill.

OptionA.
alwaysbesubsonicandinthesamedirectionastheoriginalairflow.

OptionB.
alwaysbesupersonicandinthesamedirectionastheoriginalairflow.

OptionC.
alwaysbesubsonicanddeflectedfromthedirectionoftheoriginalairflow.

CorrectAnsweris. alwaysbesubsonicandinthesamedirectionastheoriginalairflow.

Explanation. Theairflowbehindanormalshockissubsonic,andinthesamedirection.Itissupersonicbehindanobliqueshock(and
slightlydeflected).

QuestionNumber.
167. Induceddragcanbereducedbytheuseof.

OptionA.
streamlining.
OptionB.
highaspectratiowings.

OptionC.
fairingsatjunctionsbetweenfuselageandwings.
CorrectAnsweris. highaspectratiowings.

Explanation. Highaspectratiowingshavelowinduceddrag(IEagliderwing).

QuestionNumber.
168. Interferencedragcanbereducedbytheuseof.

OptionA.
fairingsatjunctionsbetweenfuselageandwings.
OptionB.
highaspectratiowings.

OptionC.
streamlining.
CorrectAnsweris. fairingsatjunctionsbetweenfuselageandwings.
Explanation. Interferencedragoccursasaresultofturbulenceatwingbodyjoints.

QuestionNumber.
169. Glidingangleistheanglebetween.

OptionA.
groundandtheglidepath.

OptionB.
aircraftandflightpath.

OptionC.
aircraftandairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. groundandtheglidepath.

Explanation. ThegreatertheL/Danglethelesstheglideangleisthereforeyoucanglidefurther.


QuestionNumber.
170. PropellerSoliditycanbeincreasedby.

OptionA.
increasingthenumberofblades.

OptionB.
decreasingthelengthoftheblades.
OptionC.
increasingthebladeangle.
CorrectAnsweris. increasingthenumberofblades.

Explanation. ACKermodeMechanicsofFlightCH4Page138showsmethodsofincreasingsolidity.

QuestionNumber.
171. Liftisgeneratedbyawing.

OptionA.
mostlyonthebottomsurface.
OptionB.
mostlyonthetopsurface.

OptionC.
equallyonthetopandbottomsurfaces.

CorrectAnsweris. mostlyonthetopsurface.

Explanation. 2/3ofliftisproducedbythetopsurface.

QuestionNumber.
172. Liftisdependenton.

OptionA.
theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthesquareofthevelocity.

OptionB.
thenetareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.
OptionC.
thefrontalareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.

CorrectAnsweris. theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthesquareofthevelocity.
2
Explanation. Lift=LiftCoefficientx1/2xdensityxvelocity
xwingarea(Liftformula).

QuestionNumber.
173. Toproducelift,anaerofoilmustbe.

OptionA.
symmetrical.
OptionB.
asymmetrical.
OptionC.
either(a)or(b).

CorrectAnsweris. either(a)or(b).

Explanation. Asymmetricalwingwillproduceliftifpresentedatasuitablepositiveangleofattack.

QuestionNumber.
174. Iffluidflowthroughaventuriissaidtobeincompressible,thespeedoftheflowincreasesatthethroat
to.

OptionA.
allowforareductioninstaticpressure.

OptionB.
allowforanincreaseinstaticpressure.

OptionC.
maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.

CorrectAnsweris. maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.

Explanation. Continuityofflowprinciple.

QuestionNumber.
175. Bernoulli'sequationshowsthat.

OptionA.
atconstantvelocitythetotalenergyoftheairchangeswithachangeinheight.

OptionB.
withachangeinspeedatconstantheightbothkineticandpotentialenergieschange.

OptionC.
withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
CorrectAnsweris. withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
Explanation. Bernoulli'stheoremstatesthatifvelocityincreases,thestaticpressuredecreases,andviceversa.

QuestionNumber.
176. Airflowatsubsonicspeedistakentobe.

OptionA.
incompressible.

OptionB.
compressible.
OptionC.
either(a)or(b)dependingonaltitude.

CorrectAnsweris. incompressible.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
177. Thetotaldragofanaircraft.

OptionA.
changeswithspeed.

OptionB.
increaseswithspeed.
OptionC.
increaseswiththesquareofspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. changeswithspeed.
Explanation. ThegraphofTOTALdragagainstairspeedis'U'shaped.ccanbetheonlycorrectanswer.

QuestionNumber.
178. _______angleofattackisknownasoptimumangleofattack.

OptionA.
5to7degrees.
OptionB.
3to4degrees.
OptionC.
10to12degrees.

CorrectAnsweris. 3to4degrees.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
179. Induceddragis________atroot.

OptionA.
lowest.
OptionB.
greatest.

OptionC.
neutral.

CorrectAnsweris. lowest.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
180. Profiledragis_______tospeed.

OptionA.
neutral.

OptionB.
inverselyproportional.

OptionC.
proportional.
CorrectAnsweris. proportional.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
181. Ashockstalloccursat.

OptionA.
largeanglesofattack.
OptionB.
smallanglesofattack.
OptionC.
equallybothlargeandsmallanglesofattack.

CorrectAnsweris. smallanglesofattack.
Explanation. Anarguablepoint.Shockstallisduetoshockinducedseparationwhichcanoccuratanyangleofattack,butitwould
bedifficulttoachievethehighspeednecessarywithahighangleofattack.

QuestionNumber.
182. WhathappenstothewingtipstagnationpointastheAOAincreases?.

OptionA.
Itmovesdownandundertheleadingedge.
OptionB.
Itmovesupandovertheleadingedge.

OptionC.
Itremainsunchanged.
CorrectAnsweris. Itmovesdownandundertheleadingedge.
Explanation. Itmovesdownandundertheleadingedge.

QuestionNumber.
183. Whatdoestheterm'wingwashout'mean?.

OptionA.
Thedesignofthewingthatgivesthewingtipalowerangleofincidence.
OptionB.
Thedesignofthewingthatgivesthewingtipamuchgreaterangleofincidence.
OptionC.
Theairflowmovestowardtheendofthewing.

CorrectAnsweris. Thedesignofthewingthatgivesthewingtipalowerangleofincidence.
Explanation. Wingistwistedsuchthatincidenceisloweratthetip.

QuestionNumber.
184. Thepointatwhichairflowceasestobelaminarandbecomesturbulentisthe.

OptionA.
boundarypoint.

OptionB.
transitionpoint.

OptionC.
separationpoint.

CorrectAnsweris. transitionpoint.

Explanation. transitionpoint.

QuestionNumber.
185. WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutProfiledrag?.

OptionA.
Profiledrag=SkinDrag+FormDrag.

OptionB.
Profiledrag=skindrag+induceddrag.

OptionC.
Profiledrag=induceddrag+Formdrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Profiledrag=SkinDrag+FormDrag.

Explanation. Profiledrag=SkinDrag+FormDrag.

QuestionNumber.
186. Whichstatementistrue?.

OptionA.
BothInduceddragandprofiledragincreasewiththesquareoftheairspeed.

OptionB.
Profiledragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.

OptionC.
Induceddragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. Induceddragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.

Explanation. Profiledragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeedbutinduceddragdecreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.

QuestionNumber.
187. Whichstatementistrue?.

OptionA.
Rectangularwingsstallattherootfirst.

OptionB.
Bothtaperedandrectangularwingswillstallatthetipfirst.
OptionC.
Taperedwingsstallattherootfirst.
CorrectAnsweris. Rectangularwingsstallattherootfirst.

Explanation. Rectangularwingsstallattherootfirst.

QuestionNumber.
188. Duringinvertedlevelflightanaircraftaccelerometershows.

OptionA.
2g.
OptionB.
1g.

OptionC.
0g.

CorrectAnsweris. 1g.
Explanation. Inverted(level)flightis1g.

QuestionNumber.
189. Duringstraightandlevelflightanaircraftaccelerometershows.
OptionA.
4g.

OptionB.
1g.

OptionC.
2g.

CorrectAnsweris. 1g.

Explanation. Straightandlevelflightis1g.

QuestionNumber.
190. Whichofthefollowingisincorrectaboutinduceddrag?.
OptionA.
Itwillincreaseinverselytothesquareoftheairspeed.

OptionB.
Itwilldecreaseinproportiontothesquareoftheairspeed.
OptionC.
Itwillincreasewhentheangleofattackisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. Itwillincreasewhentheangleofattackisreduced.
Explanation. WhichisIncorrect.

QuestionNumber.
191. Whatproducesthemostliftatlowspeeds?.

OptionA.
Highcamber.
OptionB.
Lowaspectratio.

OptionC.
Highaspectratio.

CorrectAnsweris. Highaspectratio.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
192. Iftheangleofattackiszero,butliftisproduced,the.

OptionA.
wingissymmetrical.
OptionB.
wingiscambered.

OptionC.
winghaspositiveangleofincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. wingiscambered.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
193. Whenistheangleofincidencethesameastheangleofattack?.
OptionA.
Never.
OptionB.
Indescent.

OptionC.
Whenrelativeairflowisparalleltolongitudinalaxis.

CorrectAnsweris. Whenrelativeairflowisparalleltolongitudinalaxis.

Explanation. NIL.

08.3.TheoryofFlight.

QuestionNumber.
1.
Flapsatlandingposition.

OptionA.
decreaselandingspeed.

OptionB.
decreasetakeoffandlandingspeeds.
OptionC.
decreasetakeoffspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. decreaselandingspeed.

Explanation. Althoughanaircraftwilltakeoffwithflapsatlandingposition,thisisnotnormal.

QuestionNumber.
2.
Asasubsonicaircraftspeedsup,itsCentreofPressure.

OptionA.
movesaft.

OptionB.
movesforward.

OptionC.
isunaffected.
CorrectAnsweris. movesaft.

Explanation. Assumingthattheaircraftistoremainatconstantaltitude,itmustreduceitsangleofattackasitspeedsup.Thisalone
willmovetheCofPrearwards,inaccordancewiththesubsonicangleofattackchangetheory.

QuestionNumber.
3.
Loweringoftheflaps.

OptionA.
increasesdrag.
OptionB.
increaseslift.
OptionC.
increasesdragandlift.

CorrectAnsweris. increasesdragandlift.

Explanation. JeppesenA+PTechnicianGeneralTextbook.Page117.

QuestionNumber.
4.
Wingspoilers,whenusedasymmetrically,areassociatedwith.

OptionA.
rudder.
OptionB.
elevators.

OptionC.
ailerons.

CorrectAnsweris. ailerons.

Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControl4thEditionPage51.JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage112.

QuestionNumber.
5.
Whatdoruddervatorsdo?.

OptionA.
Controlyawandroll.
OptionB.
Controlpitchandyaw.

OptionC.
Controlpitchandroll.
CorrectAnsweris. Controlpitchandyaw.

Explanation. JeppesenA+PTechnicianGeneralTextbook.Page116fig136.

QuestionNumber.
6.
Whatcontrolspitchandrollonadeltawingaircraft?.

OptionA.
Ailerons.

OptionB.
Elevons.

OptionC.
Elevators.

CorrectAnsweris. Elevons.

Explanation. JeppesenA+PTechnicianGeneralTextbook.Page117.

QuestionNumber.
7.
Whatdoesatrimtabdo?.

OptionA.
AllowstheCofGtobeoutsidethenormallimit.
OptionB.
Providesfinercontrolmovementsbythepilot.

OptionC.
Easescontrolloadingforpilot.

CorrectAnsweris. Easescontrolloadingforpilot.

Explanation. A&PGeneralTextbookPg235.

QuestionNumber.
8.
Howdoesabalancetabmove?.

OptionA.
Inthesamedirectionasmallamount.

OptionB.
Intheoppositedirectionproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceitisattachedto.

OptionC.
Inthesamedirectionproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceitisattachedto.
CorrectAnsweris. Intheoppositedirectionproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceitisattachedto.

Explanation. A&PGeneralTextbookPg236.

QuestionNumber.
9.
Ifanaircraftisyawingtotheleft,wherewouldyoupositionthetrimtabontherudder?.
OptionA.
Tothecentre.
OptionB.
Totheleft.

OptionC.
Totheright.
CorrectAnsweris. Totheleft.

Explanation. Automaticflightcontrol,Pallett,4thEditionPage43.

QuestionNumber.
10.
Ifanaircraftisflyingwithaleftwinglow,wherewouldyoumovetheleftailerontrimtab?.

OptionA.
Down.
OptionB.
Up.

OptionC.
Movingtheailerontrimtabwillnotcorrectthesituation.
CorrectAnsweris. Up.

Explanation. Automaticflightcontrol,Pallett,4thEditionPage43.

QuestionNumber.
11.
Whenaleadingedgeflapisfullyextended,whatistheslotinthewingfor?.

OptionA.
Toreenergisetheboundarylayer.
OptionB.
Toincreasethelift.
OptionC.
Toallowtheflaptoretractintoitwhenitretracts.
CorrectAnsweris. Toreenergisetheboundarylayer.
Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControl2ndEditionPage50.JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage132.

QuestionNumber.
12.
Withrespecttodifferentialaileroncontrol,whichofthefollowingistrue?.

OptionA.
Theupgoinganddowngoingaileronsbothdeflecttothesameangle.

OptionB.
TheupgoingAileronmovesthroughasmalleranglethanthedowngoingaileron.
OptionC.
Thedowngoingaileronmovesthroughasmalleranglethantheupgoingaileron.
CorrectAnsweris. Thedowngoingaileronmovesthroughasmalleranglethantheupgoingaileron.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlight,Kermode,Page301.Thedowngoingaileronmovesless,toreducetheinduceddragwhichcauses
adverseaileronyaw.

QuestionNumber.
13.
Theaeroplanefinisofsymmetricalaerofoilsectionandwillthereforeprovideasideload.

OptionA.
onlywhentherudderismoved.

OptionB.
ifasuitableangleofattackdevelopsdueeitheryaworruddermovement.
OptionC.
onlyifasuitableangleofattackdevelopsduetoyaw.

CorrectAnsweris. ifasuitableangleofattackdevelopsdueeitheryaworruddermovement.

Explanation. Rudderdeflectionoryaw.

QuestionNumber.
14.
Anaircraftleftwingisflyinglow.Theailerontrimmercontroltotheleftailerontrimtabinthecockpit
wouldbe.

OptionA.
movedupcausingtheleftailerontomoveup.

OptionB.
movedupcausingtheleftailerontomovedown.
OptionC.
moveddowncausingtheleftailerontomovedown.
CorrectAnsweris. movedupcausingtheleftailerontomovedown.
Explanation. Downaileronrequiredwhichrequiresuptrim.

QuestionNumber.
15.
Anelevatortabmovesdown.

OptionA.
tomakethenosegodown.
OptionB.
tocounteractfortheaircraftflyingnoseheavy.

OptionC.
tocounteractfortheaircraftflyingtailheavy.

CorrectAnsweris. tocounteractfortheaircraftflyingnoseheavy.

Explanation. ElevatortabDOWN,elevatorUP,aircraftnoseUP.

QuestionNumber.
16.
Thestallmarginiscontrolledby.

OptionA.
speedbugcursor.

OptionB.
EPRlimits.
OptionC.
angleofattackandflapposition.

CorrectAnsweris. angleofattackandflapposition.

Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControlPage143/4.

QuestionNumber.
17.
Otherthanspoilers,wherearespeedbrakeslocated?.

OptionA.
UndertheFuselage.

OptionB.
EithersideoftheFuselage.
OptionC.
Onthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. EithersideoftheFuselage.
Explanation. ReferenceBAe146etc.

QuestionNumber.
18.
Withatrailingedgeflapbeinglowered,duetorisinggusts,whatwillhappentotheangleofattack?.

OptionA.
Tendtodecrease.

OptionB.
Staythesame.
OptionC.
Tendtoincrease.

CorrectAnsweris. Tendtoincrease.

Explanation. Assumingthat'risinggust'meansithasaverticalcomponent.

QuestionNumber.
19.
Adeviceuseddodumpliftfromanaircraftis.

OptionA.
leadingedgeflaps.
OptionB.
trailingedgeflaps.

OptionC.
spoiler.
CorrectAnsweris. spoiler.
Explanation. Spoilersaresometimescalled'liftdumps'.

QuestionNumber.
20.
Thepurposeofaslotinawingisto.

OptionA.
providehousingfortheslat.
OptionB.
speeduptheairflowandincreaselift.

OptionC.
actasventuri,acceleratetheairandreenergiseboundarylayer.
CorrectAnsweris. actasventuri,acceleratetheairandreenergiseboundarylayer.
Explanation. Aslotistoactasventuri,acceleratetheairandreenergiseboundarylayer.


QuestionNumber.
21.
Largeflapdeployment.

OptionA.
causesincreasedspanwiseflowtowardstipsonwinguppersurface.

OptionB.
causesincreasedspanwiseflowtowardstipsonwinglowersurface.

OptionC.
hasnoeffectonspanwiseflow.

CorrectAnsweris. causesincreasedspanwiseflowtowardstipsonwinglowersurface.

Explanation. Flapsincreasethepressuredifferentialbetweentopandbottomsurfaces,increasetipvorticesandspanwiseflow.

QuestionNumber.
22.
Whichpartofthewingofasweptwingaircraftstallsfirst?.

OptionA.
Tipstallsfirst.
OptionB.
Bothstalltogether.
OptionC.
Rootstallsfirst.

CorrectAnsweris. Tipstallsfirst.
Explanation. Thetipofasweptwingstallsfirst.

QuestionNumber.
23.
Duringflight,anaircraftisyawingtotheright.Theaircraftwouldhaveatendencytofly.

OptionA.
rightwinglow.

OptionB.
leftwinglow.
OptionC.
noseup.

CorrectAnsweris. rightwinglow.

Explanation. Theleadingwing(leftwing)hasincreasedlift,causingittorise.

QuestionNumber.
24.
Inthereversedcamberhorizontalstabilizer.

OptionA.
thereisanincreasedtailplaneupforce.

OptionB.
theelevatorcausestaildownmovementi.e.increasedtailplanedownforce.

OptionC.
thereisanincreasedtailplanedownforce.
CorrectAnsweris. thereisanincreasedtailplanedownforce.

Explanation. Thelowercamberedsurfaceproducesadownforceonthetail.

QuestionNumber.
25.
Whenthetrailingedgeflapisextended.

OptionA.
CPmovesrearward.
OptionB.
theCPmovesforwardbuttheCGdoesnotchange.
OptionC.
theCPmovesforwardandthepitchingmomentchangestonoseup.

CorrectAnsweris. CPmovesrearward.
Explanation. CPmovesrearwardswhentheflapisextended.

QuestionNumber.
26.
Withadropinambienttemperature,anaircraftserviceceilingwill.
OptionA.
rise.
OptionB.
notbeaffected.

OptionC.
lower.
CorrectAnsweris. rise.
Explanation. Asambienttemperaturedrops,densityincreasesandaircraftperformanceincreases.

QuestionNumber.
27.
Whattypeofflapisthis?.

OptionA.
Splitflap.

OptionB.
Plainflap.

OptionC.
Fowlerflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Splitflap.

Explanation. Splitflap.

QuestionNumber.
28.
Servotabs.

OptionA.
enablethepilottobringthecontrolsurfacebacktoneutral.
OptionB.
moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.

OptionC.
provideartificialfeel.
CorrectAnsweris. moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.

Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.129.

QuestionNumber.
29.
SpringTabs.

OptionA.
provideartificialfeel.
OptionB.
enablethepilottobringthecontrolsurfacebacktoneutral.
OptionC.
moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.

CorrectAnsweris. moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.

Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.129.

QuestionNumber.
30.
Extendingaleadingedgeslatwillhavewhateffectontheangleofattackofawing?.
OptionA.
Increasetheangleofattack.
OptionB.
Decreasetheangleofattack.
OptionC.
Noeffectonangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. Decreasetheangleofattack.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
31.
Toensurethatawingstallsattherootfirst,stallwedgesare.

OptionA.
installedonthewingleadingedgeatthewingroot.
OptionB.
installedonthewingleadingedgeatthewingtip.
OptionC.
installedatthewingtrailingedgeatthewingroot.
CorrectAnsweris. installedonthewingleadingedgeatthewingroot.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
32.
Kruegerflapsmakeuppartofthe.

OptionA.
winglowersurfaceleadingedge.

OptionB.
winglowersurfacetrailingedge.

OptionC.
winguppersurfaceleadingedge.

CorrectAnsweris. winglowersurfaceleadingedge.

Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbook137.AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage53fig1.37(Note:lower
surfacewhenretracted,uppersurfacewhenextended.).

QuestionNumber.
33.
Inaturn,wingspoilersmaybedeployed.

OptionA.
toassisttheupgoingaileron.
OptionB.
inunisonwithboththeupgoinganddowngoingailerons.
OptionC.
toactasanairbrake,interactingwiththeailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. toassisttheupgoingaileron.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
34.
Dutchroleismovementin.

OptionA.
yawandpitch.
OptionB.
yawandroll.
OptionC.
pitchandroll.
CorrectAnsweris. yawandroll.
Explanation. AvionicFundamentalsJeppesenpage291.

QuestionNumber.
35.
Whatisthemainpurposeofafrizeaileron?.

OptionA.
Increasedragontheupgoingwing.
OptionB.
Decreasedragontheupgoingwing.
OptionC.
Helppilotovercomeaerodynamicloads.

CorrectAnsweris. Decreasedragontheupgoingwing.
Explanation. TheFriseaileronincreasesdragontheupgoingaileron,whichisonthedowngoingwing.AndViseversaontheother

aileron.

QuestionNumber.
36.
Flapasymmetrycausestheaircraftto.

OptionA.
nosedown.
OptionB.
goonewingdown.
OptionC.
noseup.

CorrectAnsweris. goonewingdown.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
37.
Ifanaircraftmovesinyaw,whataxisisitmovingabout?.
OptionA.
Longitudinal.
OptionB.
Lateral.

OptionC.
Normal.

CorrectAnsweris. Normal.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
38.
Ifanaircraftisaerodynamicallystable.

OptionA.
aircraftreturnstotrimmedattitude.
OptionB.
CofPmovesback.

OptionC.
aircraftbecomestoosensitive.

CorrectAnsweris. aircraftreturnstotrimmedattitude.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
39.
Whataregroundspoilersusedfor?.

OptionA.
Toassisttheaircraftcomingtoastop.

OptionB.
Toslowtheaircraft.

OptionC.
Todumplift.
CorrectAnsweris. Todumplift.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
40.
Massbalanceweightsareusedto.

OptionA.
balancethetrailingedgeofflyingcontrolsurfaces.
OptionB.
counteractflutteroncontrolsurfaces.
OptionC.
balancethetabs.

CorrectAnsweris. counteractflutteroncontrolsurfaces.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
41.
Whatisaslotusedfor?.

OptionA.
Increasedangleofattackduringapproach.
OptionB.
Increasethespeedoftheairflow.

OptionC.
Toreinforcetheboundarylayer.

CorrectAnsweris. Toreinforcetheboundarylayer.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage53.

QuestionNumber.
42.
AngleofAttackistheanglebetweencordlineand.
OptionA.
horizontalaxis.

OptionB.
relativeairflow.

OptionC.
tippathplane.
CorrectAnsweris. relativeairflow.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage3.

QuestionNumber.
43.
Ahighliftdeviceisusedfor.

OptionA.
takeoffonly.
OptionB.
takeoffandlanding.
OptionC.
landingonly.
CorrectAnsweris. takeoffandlanding.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage50.

QuestionNumber.
44.
Howisaspoilerinterconnectedtootherflightcontrolsystems?.
OptionA.
Spoilertoelevator.
OptionB.
Spoilertoaileron.

OptionC.
Spoilertoflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Spoilertoaileron.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage54.

QuestionNumber.
45.
Whatisailerondroop?.

OptionA.
Thedroopofaileronswithnohydraulicson.
OptionB.
Theleadingedgeofbothaileronspresentedtotheairflow.
OptionC.
Oneaileronlowered.
CorrectAnsweris. Thedroopofaileronswithnohydraulicson.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
46.
Earthsatmosphereis.

OptionA.
3/5oxygen,2/5nitrogen.

OptionB.
4/5oxygen,1/5nitrogen.

OptionC.
1/5oxygen,4/5nitrogen.

CorrectAnsweris. 1/5oxygen,4/5nitrogen.

Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
47.
Anantibalancetabisused.

OptionA.
torelievestickloads.
OptionB.
fortrimmingtheaircraft.

OptionC.
togivemorefeeltothecontrols.

CorrectAnsweris. togivemorefeeltothecontrols.

Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbook129.

QuestionNumber.
48.
Thefinhelpstogive.

OptionA.
directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
OptionB.
directionalstabilityaboutthelongitudinalaxis.

OptionC.
longitudinalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbook122.

QuestionNumber.
49.
Ifanaircraftmovesinroll,itismovingaboutthe.
OptionA.
longitudinalaxis.

OptionB.
normalaxis.
OptionC.
lateralaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalaxis.

Explanation. MechanicsofflightbyA.C.Kermodepage241.

QuestionNumber.
50.
Whateffectdoesloweringtheflapsfortakeoffhave?.
OptionA.
Increaseslift&reducesdrag.
OptionB.
Increasesliftanddrag.

OptionC.
Increaseliftonly.

CorrectAnsweris. Increasesliftanddrag.

Explanation. AvionicsFundamentals.JeppesenPage244.

QuestionNumber.
51.
Whateffectdoesloweringflapsfortakeoffhave?.
OptionA.
Reducestakeoffspeedsonly.
OptionB.
Reduceslandingspeedsonly.
OptionC.
Reducestakeoffandlandingspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. Reducestakeoffspeedsonly.
Explanation. AvionicsFundamentals.JeppesenPage244.

QuestionNumber.
52.
Whentheflapsarelowered.

OptionA.
theliftvectormovesrearward.

OptionB.
thereisnoeffectontheliftvector.
OptionC.
theliftvectormovesforward.
CorrectAnsweris. theliftvectormovesrearward.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl,PallettPage51.

QuestionNumber.
53.
Attakeoff,iftheflapsareloweredthereisa.
OptionA.
largeincreaseinliftanddrag.
OptionB.
largeincreaseinliftandsmallincreaseindrag.

OptionC.
smallincreaseinliftanddrag.

CorrectAnsweris. largeincreaseinliftanddrag.
Explanation. AvionicsFundamentals.JeppesenPage244.

QuestionNumber.
54.
Wingspoilersbeused.

OptionA.
toassisttherespectivedowngoingaileroninaturn.
OptionB.
asgroundspoilersonlanding.

OptionC.
toassisttheelevators.
CorrectAnsweris. asgroundspoilersonlanding.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl.Pallettpage55.A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookbyJeppesen.114.

QuestionNumber.
55.
Differentialaileroncontrolwill.

OptionA.
causeanosedownmoment.
OptionB.
preventyawinginconjunctionwithrudderinput.
OptionC.
causeanoseupmoment.

CorrectAnsweris. preventyawinginconjunctionwithrudderinput.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
56.
DutchRollaffects.

OptionA.
pitchandyawsimultaneously.

OptionB.
yawandrollsimultaneously.
OptionC.
pitchandrollsimultaneously.
CorrectAnsweris. yawandrollsimultaneously.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl.Pallettpage26.

QuestionNumber.
57.
Whichofthefollowingareprimarycontrolsurfaces?.

OptionA.
Elevators,ailerons,rudder.
OptionB.
Rollspoilers,elevators,tabs.
OptionC.
Elevators,rollspoilers,tabs.
CorrectAnsweris. Elevators,ailerons,rudder.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
58.
Asplitflap.

OptionA.
formspartofthetrailingedge'slowersurfacewhenretracted.

OptionB.
formspartoftheleadingedge'slowersurfacewhenretracted.

OptionC.
formspartofthetrailingedge'suppersurfacewhenretracted.

CorrectAnsweris. formspartofthetrailingedge'slowersurfacewhenretracted.

Explanation. JeppesenA&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPage130/31.

QuestionNumber.
59.
Anantiservotab.

OptionA.
assiststhepilottomovethecontrolsbacktoneutral.
OptionB.
movesintheoppositedirectiontothecontrolsurfacetoassistthepilot.
OptionC.
movesinthesamedirectionasthecontrolsurfacetoassistthepilot.

CorrectAnsweris. assiststhepilottomovethecontrolsbacktoneutral.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
60.
Slats.

OptionA.
keeptheboundarylayerfromseparatingforlonger.
OptionB.
increasetheoverallsurfaceareaandlifteffectofwing.

OptionC.
actasanairbrake.

CorrectAnsweris. keeptheboundarylayerfromseparatingforlonger.
Explanation. JeppesenA&Ptechnicianairframetextbookpage132.

QuestionNumber.
61.
Duetothechangeofliftforcesresultingfromtheextensionofflapsinflight.

OptionA.
noseshouldbelowered,reducingAOA.

OptionB.
noseshouldberaised,increasingAOA.

OptionC.
noseshouldremaininthesameposition,maintainingsameAOA.
CorrectAnsweris. noseshouldbelowered,reducingAOA.

Explanation. Themainpurposeofflapsistoincreaseliftsothatthepilotcanlowerthenose,increasedecentangleandgetabetter
viewoftherunway.

QuestionNumber.
62.
Flightspoilers.

OptionA.
canbedeployedonthedowngoingwinginaturntoincreaseliftonthatwing.
OptionB.
canbeusedtodecreaselifttoallowcontrolleddecentwithoutreductionofairspeed.

OptionC.
canbeusedwithdifferentialaileronstoreduceadverseyawinaturn.

CorrectAnsweris. canbeusedtodecreaselifttoallowcontrolleddecentwithoutreductionofairspeed.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
63.
Iftheaircraftisflyingnoseheavy,whichdirectionwouldyoumovetheelevatortrimtab?.
OptionA.
Uptomoveelevatordown.
OptionB.
Uptomoveelevatorup.

OptionC.
Downtomoveelevatorup.
CorrectAnsweris. Downtomoveelevatorup.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
64.
Wingtipvorticesarestrongestwhen.

OptionA.
flyinghighspeedstraightandlevelflight.
OptionB.
flyingintoaheadwind.

OptionC.
flyingslowlyathighanglesofattack.

CorrectAnsweris. flyingslowlyathighanglesofattack.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
65.
Aerodynamicbalance.

OptionA.
willreduceaerodynamicloading.

OptionB.
willcauseCPtomoveforwardofhingeandcauseoverbalance.

OptionC.
willcauseCPtomovetowardsthetrailingedgeandcauseinstability.

CorrectAnsweris. willreduceaerodynamicloading.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
66.
Abalancetab.

OptionA.
effectivelyincreasestheareaofthecontrolsurface.
OptionB.
assiststhepilottomovethecontrols.
OptionC.
isusedtotrimtheappropriateaxisoftheaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. assiststhepilottomovethecontrols.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianTextbookpg129.

QuestionNumber.
67.
Elevonscombinethefunctionsofboth.

OptionA.
rudderandelevator.
OptionB.
elevatorandaileron.
OptionC.
rudderandaileron.
CorrectAnsweris. elevatorandaileron.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage116Fig136.

QuestionNumber.
68.
Fluttercanbereducedbyusing.

OptionA.
ahornbalance.

OptionB.
massbalancing.

OptionC.
servotabs.

CorrectAnsweris. massbalancing.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
69.
Anelevatorprovidescontrolaboutthe.

OptionA.
longitudinalaxis.

OptionB.
lateralaxis.
OptionC.
horizontalstabilizer.
CorrectAnsweris. lateralaxis.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
70.
Theoutboardaileronsonsomelargeaircraft.

OptionA.
areisolatedathighspeeds.
OptionB.
areisolatedtoimprovesensitivity.
OptionC.
areisolatedatlowspeeds.

CorrectAnsweris. areisolatedathighspeeds.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
71.
Whichwingincreasesdragwhentheaileronsaremoved?.

OptionA.
Bothwingsincreasedragbutthewingwiththeupgoingaileronincreasesmore.
OptionB.
Bothwingshaveanequalincreaseindrag.
OptionC.
Bothwingsincreasedragbutthewingwiththedowngoingaileronincreasesmore.

CorrectAnsweris. Bothwingsincreasedragbutthewingwiththedowngoingaileronincreasesmore.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookpage126.

QuestionNumber.
72.
Whichflapwillincreasewingareaandcamber?.

OptionA.
Slot.
OptionB.
Split.
OptionC.
Fowler.

CorrectAnsweris. Fowler.

Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage20.

QuestionNumber.
73.
Wingloadingofanaircraft.

OptionA.
varieswithdynamicloadingduetoaircurrents.

OptionB.
isindependentofaltitude.

OptionC.
decreaseswithdensity.

CorrectAnsweris. isindependentofaltitude.

Explanation. Wingloading=aircraftweight/wingarea.

QuestionNumber.
74.
Anautomaticslatwillliftbyitselfwhentheangleofattackis.

OptionA.
high.
OptionB.
highorlow.
OptionC.
low.
CorrectAnsweris. high.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
75.
Onaircraftfittedwithspoilersforlateralcontrol,rolltotherightiscausedby.
OptionA.
leftspoilersextending,rightspoilersremainingretracted.
OptionB.
rightspoilersextending,leftspoilersremainingretracted.
OptionC.
leftandrightspoilersextending.

CorrectAnsweris. rightspoilersextending,leftspoilersremainingretracted.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
76.
Asplitflapincreasesliftbyincreasing.

OptionA.
theangleofattachmentofthelowerhingedportion.
OptionB.
thesurfacearea.

OptionC.
thecamberofthetopsurface.
CorrectAnsweris. theangleofattachmentofthelowerhingedportion.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookpage130.

QuestionNumber.
77.
Whenthetrailingedgeflapsarelowered,theaircraftwill.
OptionA.
pitchnoseup.
OptionB.
pitchnosedown.

OptionC.
sink.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchnosedown.

Explanation. Duetothecentreofpressuremoving.

QuestionNumber.
78.
Inaileroncontrol.

OptionA.
theupgoingaileronmovesfurtherthandowngoingaileron.

OptionB.
thedowngoingaileronmovesfurtherthanupgoingaileron.

OptionC.
itisassistedbytherudder.
CorrectAnsweris. theupgoingaileronmovesfurtherthandowngoingaileron.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
79.
Theaircraftiscontrolledaboutthelateralaxisbythe.
OptionA.
ailerons.

OptionB.
elevator.

OptionC.
rudder.
CorrectAnsweris. elevator.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
80.
Theaircraftiscontrolledaboutthenormalaxisbythe.
OptionA.
ailerons.

OptionB.
elevator.

OptionC.
rudder.

CorrectAnsweris. rudder.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
81.
Dutchrollis.

OptionA.
acombinedyawingandrollingmotion.

OptionB.
primarilyapitchinginstability.

OptionC.
atypeofslowroll.
CorrectAnsweris. acombinedyawingandrollingmotion.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
82.
Theaircraftiscontrolledaboutthelongitudinalaxisbythe.

OptionA.
ailerons.

OptionB.
elevator.

OptionC.
rudder.
CorrectAnsweris. ailerons.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
83.
Ruddervatorswhenmoved,willmove.

OptionA.
oppositetoeachotheronly.
OptionB.
togetheronly.
OptionC.
eitheroppositeeachotherortogether,dependingontheselection.
CorrectAnsweris. eitheroppositeeachotherortogether,dependingontheselection
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage16.

QuestionNumber.
84.
AsaconsequenceoftheCofGbeingclosetoitsaftlimit.

OptionA.
thestickforceswillbehighinforeandaftpitch,duetothehighlongitudinalstability.

OptionB.
thestickforcestomanoeuvrelongitudinallywillbelowduetothelowstability.
OptionC.
thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.

CorrectAnsweris. thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
85.
Whatisthetermusedfortheamountofwaterintheatmosphere?.

OptionA.
Relativehumidity.

OptionB.
Absolutehumidity.
OptionC.
Dewpoint.

CorrectAnsweris. Absolutehumidity.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
86.
Anantibalancetabismoved.

OptionA.
viaafixedlinkage.
OptionB.
hydraulically.
OptionC.
whentheC.G.changes.

CorrectAnsweris. viaafixedlinkage.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
87.
Aservotabisoperated.

OptionA.
directlybythepilottoproduceforceswhichinturnmovethemaincontrolsurfaces.

OptionB.
automatically,andmovesinthesamedirectionasthemaincontrolsurfaces.

OptionC.
byatrimwheelandmovesintheoppositedirectiontothemaincontrolsurfaceswhenmoved.
CorrectAnsweris. directlybythepilottoproduceforceswhichinturnmovethemaincontrolsurfaces.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage23.

QuestionNumber.
88.
Onanaircraftwithanallmovingtailplane,pitchupiscausedby.

OptionA.
decreasingtailplaneincidence.

OptionB.
upmovementoftheelevatortrimtab.

OptionC.
increasingtailplaneincidence.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasingtailplaneincidence.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
89.
Whencheckingfullrangeofcontrolsurfacemovement,theymustbepositionedby.
OptionA.
movingthembyhanddirectlyuntilagainsttheprimarystops.

OptionB.
movingthembyhanddirectlyuntilagainstthesecondarystops.
OptionC.
operatingthecontrolcabincontrolsuntilthesystemisagainsttheprimarystops.
CorrectAnsweris. operatingthecontrolcabincontrolsuntilthesystemisagainsttheprimarystops.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
90.
Anexcessofaerodynamicbalancewouldmovethecontrolsurfacecentreofpressure.
OptionA.
rearwards,resultingintoomuchassistance.
OptionB.
rearwards,resultinginlossofassistance.

OptionC.
forwards,resultinginanunstableoverbalance.

CorrectAnsweris. forwards,resultinginanunstableoverbalance.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
91.
Aflyingcontrolmassbalanceweight.

OptionA.
keepsthecontrolsurfaceCofGasclosetothetrailingedgeaspossible.
OptionB.
tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
OptionC.
ensuresthattheCofGalwaysactstoaidthepilotthusrelievingcontrolcolumnload.

CorrectAnsweris. tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
92.
Thetypeofflapwhichextendsrearwardswhenlowerediscalleda.

OptionA.
plainflap.

OptionB.
splitflap.

OptionC.
Fowlerflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Fowlerflap.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
93.
Whichofthefollowingtrailingedgeflapsgiveanincreaseinwingarea?.
OptionA.
Splitflap.

OptionB.
Fowlerflap.
OptionC.
Slottedflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Fowlerflap.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
94.
Whichofthefollowingisnotaprimaryflyingcontrol?.

OptionA.
Elevator.

OptionB.
Tailplane.

OptionC.
Rudder.

CorrectAnsweris. Tailplane.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
95.
Aleadingedgeslatisadevicefor.

OptionA.
increasingthestallingangleofthewing.

OptionB.
decreasingthestallingangleofthewing.

OptionC.
decreasingwingdrag.

CorrectAnsweris. increasingthestallingangleofthewing.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
96.
AKruegerflapis.

OptionA.
aflapwhichextendsrearwardsbutdoesnotlower.
OptionB.
aleadingedgeflapwhichhingesforward.
OptionC.
aleadingedgeslatwhichextendsforward.
CorrectAnsweris. aleadingedgeflapwhichhingesforward.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
97.
Atabwhichassiststhepilottomoveaflyingcontrolbymovingautomaticallyintheoppositedirection
tothecontrolsurfaceiscalleda.

OptionA.
servotab.

OptionB.
gearedbalancetab.
OptionC.
trimtab.

CorrectAnsweris. gearedbalancetab.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
98.
Whatisattachedtotherearoftheverticalstabilizer?.

OptionA.
Elevator.

OptionB.
Aileron.

OptionC.
Rudder.

CorrectAnsweris. Rudder.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
99.
Whatisfittedontheaircrafttoenablethepilottoreducehisspeedrapidlyineventofsevereturbulence,

orspeedtendingtoriseabovetheNeverExceedLimit?.

OptionA.
Liftdumpers.
OptionB.
Airbrakes.

OptionC.
Wheelbrakes.
CorrectAnsweris. Airbrakes.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
100. Whenspoilersareusedasymmetrically,theycombinewith.

OptionA.
ailerons.

OptionB.
rudder.
OptionC.
elevators.

CorrectAnsweris. ailerons.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
101. "Whatisusedtocorrectanytendencyoftheaircrafttomove
towardsanundesirableflightattitude?."

OptionA.
Trimtabs.

OptionB.
Springtabs.
OptionC.
Balancetabs.
CorrectAnsweris. Trimtabs.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
102. Thelayerofairoverthesurfaceofanaerofoilwhichisslowermoving,inrelationtotherestofthe
airflow,isknownas.

OptionA.
noneoftheabovearecorrect.
OptionB.
camberlayer.
OptionC.
boundarylayer.

CorrectAnsweris. boundarylayer.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
103. Acontrolsurfacewhichformsaslotwhendeployediscalleda.

OptionA.
slat.
OptionB.
slot.
OptionC.
flap.
CorrectAnsweris. slat.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
104. Asymmetricflapswillcause.

OptionA.
theaircrafttodescend.

OptionB.
theaircrafttoascend.
OptionC.
onewingtorise.

CorrectAnsweris. onewingtorise.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
105. Whenairflowvelocityoveranuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoildecreases,whattakesplace?.

OptionA.
Pressuredecreases,liftincreases.

OptionB.
Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.

OptionC.
Pressureincreases,liftincreases.

CorrectAnsweris. Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
106. Whatisacontrollingfactorofturbulenceandskinfriction?.

OptionA.
Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.

OptionB.
Aspectratio.
OptionC.
Finenessratio.
CorrectAnsweris. Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
107. Changesinaircraftweight.

OptionA.
causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.

OptionB.
willnotaffecttotaldragsinceitisdependantonlyuponspeed.

OptionC.
willonlyaffecttotaldragiftheliftiskeptconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
108. Whenanaircraftstalls.

OptionA.
liftincreasesanddragdecreases.

OptionB.
liftanddragincrease.
OptionC.
liftdecreasesanddragincreases.

CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreasesanddragincreases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
109. Spoilerpanelsarepositionedsothatwhendeployed.

OptionA.
rollwillnotoccur.

OptionB.
pitchtrimisnotaffected.

OptionC.
noyawtakesplace.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchtrimisnotaffected.

Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
110. Theaircraftstallingspeedwill.

OptionA.
onlychangeiftheMTWAwerechanged.
OptionB.
beunaffectedbyaircraftweightchangessinceitisdependantupontheangleofattack.
OptionC.
increasewithanincreaseinweight.
CorrectAnsweris. increasewithanincreaseinweight.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
111. Inabankandturn.

OptionA.
extraliftisnotrequiredifthrustisincreased.

OptionB.
extraliftisnotrequired.

OptionC.
extraliftisrequired.
CorrectAnsweris. extraliftisrequired.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
112. Themethodemployedtomassbalancecontrolsurfacesisto.
OptionA.
fitbiasstripstothetrailingedgeofthesurfaces.

OptionB.
attachweightsforwardofthehingeline.

OptionC.
allowtheleadingedgeofthesurfacetoprojectintotheairflow.

CorrectAnsweris. attachweightsforwardofthehingeline.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
113. Controlsurfacefluttermaybecausedby.

OptionA.
excessiveplayintrimtabattachments.

OptionB.
highstaticfrictionintrimtabcontroltabs.
OptionC.
incorrectangularmovementoftrimtabs.

CorrectAnsweris. excessiveplayintrimtabattachments.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
114. Adifferentialaileroncontrolsystemresultsin.
OptionA.
ailerondragbeingreducedontheinnerwinginaturn.

OptionB.
ailerondragbeingreducedontheouterwinginaturn.

OptionC.
ailerondragbeingcompensatedbysmallruddermovements.
CorrectAnsweris. ailerondragbeingreducedontheouterwinginaturn.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
115. Theprimaryfunctionofaflapis.

OptionA.
totrimtheaircraftlongitudinally.

OptionB.
toalterthepositionofthecentreofgravity.
OptionC.
toaltertheliftofanaerofoil.
CorrectAnsweris. toaltertheliftofanaerofoil.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookpage130.

QuestionNumber.
116. Theangleofattackatwhichstalloccurs.
OptionA.
canbevariedbyusingflapsandslats.

OptionB.
dependsontheweightoftheaircraft.
OptionC.
cannotbevaried,itisalwaysconstant.

CorrectAnsweris. canbevariedbyusingflapsandslats.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
117. Thestallingspeedofanaircraft.

OptionA.
isincreasedwhenitisheavier.

OptionB.
doesnotchange.

OptionC.
isincreasedwhenitislighter.
CorrectAnsweris. isincreasedwhenitisheavier.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
118. Awingflapwhichhasdroppedorpartiallyextendedononewinginflightwillleadto.
OptionA.
afixedbankedattitudewhichwouldbecorrectedbyuseoftherudder.

OptionB.
apitchingmomentwhichwouldbecorrectedbyusedoftheelevators.

OptionC.
asteadyrollingtendencywhichwouldbecorrectedbyuseoftheailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. asteadyrollingtendencywhichwouldbecorrectedbyuseoftheailerons.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
119. Withanincreaseintheamountofflapdeployment,thestallingangleofawing.
OptionA.
remainsthesame.

OptionB.
increases.

OptionC.
decreases.

CorrectAnsweris. decreases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
120. Aerodynamicbalanceofacontrolsurfacemaybeachieved.

OptionA.
byahornattheextremityofthesurfaceforwardofthehingeline.
OptionB.
byweightsaddedtothecontrolsurfaceaftofthehingeline.

OptionC.
byatrimmingstripatthetrailingedgeofthesurface.

CorrectAnsweris. byahornattheextremityofthesurfaceforwardofthehingeline.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage24Para7.

QuestionNumber.
121. Acontrolsurfaceisprovidedwithaerodynamicbalancingto.

OptionA.
assistthepilotinmovingthecontrol.
OptionB.
increasestability.

OptionC.
decreasethedragwhenthecontrolisdeflected.

CorrectAnsweris. assistthepilotinmovingthecontrol.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage24Para7.

QuestionNumber.
122. Downwarddisplacementofanaileron.

OptionA.
increasestheangleatwhichitswingstalls.
OptionB.
decreasestheangleatwhichitswingwillstall.

OptionC.
hasnoeffectonitswingstallingangle,itonlyaffectsthestallingspeedonthatwing.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasestheangleatwhichitswingwillstall.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
123. Duetothetailplaneangleofattackchange,theflapinduceddownwashonthetailplane.

OptionA.
willtendtocauseanaircraftnoseuppitch.
OptionB.
"maycauseanosedownornoseuppitchdependingupontheinitialtailplaneload
."

OptionC.
willtendtocauseanaircraftnosedownpitch.

CorrectAnsweris. willtendtocauseanaircraftnoseuppitch.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
124. Duetothechangeinliftcoefficientaccompanyingextensionoftheflaps,tomaintaintheliftconstantit
wouldbenecessaryto.

OptionA.
raisethenose.
OptionB.
lowerthenose.

OptionC.
keepthepitchattitudeconstant.

CorrectAnsweris. lowerthenose.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
125. Theextensiontotherudder(shadedportionshownonthediagram),isprovidedto.
OptionA.
makethepilotawareoftheaerodynamicforcesencounteredwhenmovingthecontrol.
OptionB.
provideaerodynamicassistanceforthepilotwhenmovingtherudder.

OptionC.
preventcontrolsurfaceflutter.

CorrectAnsweris. provideaerodynamicassistanceforthepilotwhenmovingtherudder.

Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage25Para7.

QuestionNumber.
126. Adifferentialaileroncontrolisonewhichgives.

OptionA.
thedowngoingaileronmoretravelthantheupgoingone.
OptionB.
equalailerontravelineachdirection,butvariableforstickmovement.

OptionC.
alargeraileronuptravelthandown.
CorrectAnsweris. alargeraileronuptravelthandown.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
127. Whichleadingedgedeviceimprovesthelaminarflowoverthewing?.

OptionA.
Flapandslat.
OptionB.
Slat.
OptionC.
Flap.
CorrectAnsweris. Slat.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
128. Thebalancetabisanauxiliarysurfacefittedtoamaincontrolsurface.

OptionA.
operatingautomaticallytoassistthepilotinmovingthecontrols.
OptionB.
operatedindependentlyatwhichpointinthelengthofcablethetensiometerisapplied.

OptionC.
operatingautomaticallytoprovidefeeltothecontrols.

CorrectAnsweris. operatingautomaticallytoassistthepilotinmovingthecontrols.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
129. Aerodynamicbalancingofflightcontrolsisachievedby.

OptionA.
placingaweightaheadofthehingepoint.
OptionB.
placingaweightintheleadingedgeofthecontrolsurface.
OptionC.
providingaportionofthecontrolsurfaceaheadofthehingepoint.
CorrectAnsweris. providingaportionofthecontrolsurfaceaheadofthehingepoint.
Explanation. AL/324para4.2.

QuestionNumber.
130. Aerodynamicbalanceisusedto.

OptionA.
reducethecontrolloadtozero.

OptionB.
maketheflyingcontrolseasiertomove.

OptionC.
preventflutteroftheflyingcontrols.
CorrectAnsweris. maketheflyingcontrolseasiertomove.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
131. Ahornbalanceis.

OptionA.
arodprojectingforwardfromthecontrolsurfacewithaweightontheend.
OptionB.
arodprojectingupwardfromthemaincontrolsurfacetowhichthecontrolcablesareattached.
OptionC.
aprojectionoftheouteredgeofthecontrolsurfaceforwardofthehingeline.

CorrectAnsweris. aprojectionoftheouteredgeofthecontrolsurfaceforwardofthehingeline.

Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage16.

QuestionNumber.
132. Acontrolsurfaceismassbalancedby.

OptionA.
theattachmentofweightsactingonthehingeline.
OptionB.
fittingabalancetab.
OptionC.
theattachmentofweightsactingforwardofthehingeline.
CorrectAnsweris. theattachmentofweightsactingforwardofthehingeline.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
133. Thepurposeofantibalancetabsisto.

OptionA.
relievestickloads.

OptionB.
trimtheaircraft.

OptionC.
givemorefeeltothecontrolcolumn.
CorrectAnsweris. givemorefeeltothecontrolcolumn.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
134. Youhaveadjustedtheelevatortrimtabtocorrectfornoseheavy.Whatwasthedirectionoftravelofthe
trimtab?.

OptionA.
Theelevatortrimtabhasmoveddown.

OptionB.
Theelevatortrimtabhasmovedup.
OptionC.
Theportelevatortabhasmovedupandstarboardmoveddown.
CorrectAnsweris. Theelevatortrimtabhasmoveddown.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
135. Thetropopauseexistsatabout.

OptionA.
18,000ft.

OptionB.
30,000ft.

OptionC.
36,000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
136. Induceddragcurvecharacteristicsofaslenderdeltawingaresuchthatthereis.
OptionA.
anincreaseingradientwithwingspeed.

OptionB.
nochangeingradientwithwingspeed.

OptionC.
decreaseingradientwithwingspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. decreaseingradientwithwingspeed.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
137. Ifanaircraftisyawingleft,thetrimtabontherudderwouldbepositioned.
OptionA.
totheright,movingtherudderleft.
OptionB.
tothecentre.
OptionC.
totheleft,movingtherudderright.
CorrectAnsweris. totheleft,movingtherudderright.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
138. Instabilitygivingrollandyaw.

OptionA.
isdutchroll.
OptionB.
islongitudinalstability.

OptionC.
islateralstability.

CorrectAnsweris. isdutchroll.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
139. Vortexgeneratorsarefittedto.

OptionA.
movetransitionpointrearwards.

OptionB.
movetransitionpointforwards.

OptionC.
advancetheonsetofflowseparation.

CorrectAnsweris. movetransitionpointforwards.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
140. Leadingedgeflaps.

OptionA.
increasestallingangleofthewing.
OptionB.
decreasestallingangleofthewing.
OptionC.
donotchangethestallingangle.

CorrectAnsweris. increasestallingangleofthewing.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
141. Kruegerflapsareon.

OptionA.
theleadingedge.

OptionB.
eithertheleadingortrainingedge.
OptionC.
thetrailingedge.

CorrectAnsweris. theleadingedge.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
142. Sweepbackwill.

OptionA.
decreaselateralstability.

OptionB.
notaffectlateralstability.

OptionC.
increaselateralstability.

CorrectAnsweris. increaselateralstability.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
143. Aplainflap.

OptionA.
doesnotincreasethewingareaondeployment.

OptionB.
isattachedtotheleadingedgeofthewing.
OptionC.
formspartoflowertrailingedge.

CorrectAnsweris. doesnotincreasethewingareaondeployment.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
144. Asplitflap,whendeployed.

OptionA.
isusedonlyonhighspeedaircraft.
OptionB.
increasesliftwithoutacorrespondingincreaseindrag.

OptionC.
increasesdragwithlittleliftcoefficientincrease,fromintermediatetofullydown.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesdragwithlittleliftcoefficientincrease,fromintermediatetofullydown.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
145. Aflyingcontrolmassbalanceweight.

OptionA.
keepsthecontrolsurfaceCofGasclosetothetrailingedgeaspossible.
OptionB.
tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
OptionC.
tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGforwardofthehingeline.
CorrectAnsweris. tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
146. Anelevatorcontrolstheaircraftmotionin.

OptionA.
yaw.
OptionB.
roll.
OptionC.
pitch.
CorrectAnsweris. pitch.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
147. AiraboveMach0.7is.

OptionA.
compressibleonlywhenabovethespeedofsound.
OptionB.
incompressible.

OptionC.
compressible.
CorrectAnsweris. compressible.
Explanation. AircraftFlightBarnardandPhilpot,SecondEditionPage123.MechanicsofFlightACKermode10thEditionPage
385.

QuestionNumber.
148. Supersonicairpassingthroughadivergentductcausesthe.

OptionA.
pressuretoincrease,velocitytoincrease.

OptionB.
pressuretoincrease,velocitytodecrease.
OptionC.
pressuretodecrease,velocitytoincrease.
CorrectAnsweris. pressuretodecrease,velocitytoincrease.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlightACKermode10thEditionPage340.

QuestionNumber.
149. AnaircraftflyingbelowthetropopausedescendsataconstantTrueAirspeed.ItsMach.No.will.
OptionA.
notchange.
OptionB.
decrease.

OptionC.
increase.

CorrectAnsweris. decrease.

Explanation. SpeedofsoundINCREASESwithDECREASINGaltitude,somachnumberwilldecrease.

QuestionNumber.
150. Anosedownchangeoftrim(tuckunder)occursduetoshockinduced.

OptionA.
tipstallonadeltawingaircraft.

OptionB.
rootstallonadeltawingaircraft.

OptionC.
tipstallonastraightwingaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. rootstallonadeltawingaircraft.

Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControl2ndEditionPage45.

QuestionNumber.
151. AsymmetricalaerofoilisacceleratingthroughMach1withanangleofattackof0.Ashockwavewill
form.

OptionA.
ontheupperandlowersurfaceandwillmoveaftuntilthepointofmaximumcamber.

OptionB.
ontheupperandlowersurfaceandwillmoveaft.
OptionC.
ontheuppersurfaceonlyandmoveaft.

CorrectAnsweris. ontheupperandlowersurfaceandwillmoveaft.
Explanation. ShockwavesformonupperandlowersurfacesBEGINNINGatpointofmaxcurvature,graduallymovingback.

QuestionNumber.
152. Shockstall.

OptionA.
occursathighspeeds.
OptionB.
isaflapdownstallandoccursathighspeeds.

OptionC.
occursatlowspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. occursathighspeeds.
Explanation. Shockstall(orshockinducedstall)iscausedbytheformationofshockwavesinthetransonicspeedrange.

QuestionNumber.
153. Asyouapproachsupersonicspeed.

OptionA.
thrustisreduced.

OptionB.
totaldragisincreased.
OptionC.
liftisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. totaldragisincreased.
Explanation. Anadditionaldragwavedragisaddedtothetotaldrag.

QuestionNumber.
154. Machtriminsomeaircraftassists.

OptionA.
lateralstability.

OptionB.
verticalstability.

OptionC.
longitudinalstability.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalstability.
Explanation. Machtrimisusedtocorrectthelongitudinaltrimupsetduringthetransonicspeedrange.

QuestionNumber.
155. Beforeanaircraftreachescriticalmach.

OptionA.
thenosepitchesupbecausetheCPmovesForward.
OptionB.
theaircraftbuffetsbecausetheCPmovestotheshockwave.

OptionC.
thenosepitchesdownbecausetheCPmovesrear.
CorrectAnsweris. thenosepitchesdownbecausetheCPmovesrear.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlight10theditionBarnardandPhilpottPg341.

QuestionNumber.
156. Onastandardday,atwhichaltitudewillthespeedofsoundbethegreatest?.
OptionA.
20,000ft.

OptionB.
10,000ft.

OptionC.
Sealevel.

CorrectAnsweris. Sealevel.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
157. WhichofthefollowingwillincreasetheCriticalMachNumberofanaerofoil?.
OptionA.
Usingathinairfoilandsweepingthewingsback.
OptionB.
Decreasingthefinenessratioofthewings.
OptionC.
Increasingtheaspectratioofthewings.

CorrectAnsweris. Usingathinairfoilandsweepingthewingsback.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
158. Asanaircraftacceleratesthroughthetransonicregion,thecentreofpressuretendsto.
OptionA.
turnintoashockwave.

OptionB.
moverearward.

OptionC.
moveforward.
CorrectAnsweris. moverearward.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
159. Supersonicairgoingthroughanincipientshockwavewilldecreaseitsspeedand.
OptionA.
decreasetemperatureandincreasedensity.
OptionB.
increasetemperatureanddecreasedensity.
OptionC.
increasetemperatureandincreasedensity.
CorrectAnsweris. increasetemperatureandincreasedensity.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlightACKermode10thEditionPage326fig11.4.

QuestionNumber.
160. Anincreaseinmachnumberwillcausethe.

OptionA.
CofPtomoverearwardsgivingmoredownwashonthetailplane.
OptionB.
CofPtomoveforwardsgivinglessdownwashonthetailplane.

OptionC.
CofPtomoverearwardsgivinglessdownwashonthetailplane.
CorrectAnsweris. CofPtomoverearwardsgivinglessdownwashonthetailplane.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl,Pallett.Page50.

QuestionNumber.
161. AtspeedsaboveMach1,shockwaveswillformaboveandbelowthewing.
OptionA.
atthetrailingedge.
OptionB.
atboththeleadingedgeandthetrailingedge.

OptionC.
attheleadingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. atboththeleadingedgeandthetrailingedge.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
162. Abovethecriticalmachnumber,thedragcoefficient.
OptionA.
increases.

OptionB.
remainsthesame.

OptionC.
decreases.

CorrectAnsweris. increases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
163. Machtrimcounters.

OptionA.
longitudinalinstability.

OptionB.
verticalinstability.

OptionC.
lateralinstability.

CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalinstability.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettpage231and50.

QuestionNumber.
164. AthighMachNumbersaboveMach2.2,someaircraftmetals.
OptionA.
suchasaluminium,becomebrittle.
OptionB.
losetheirstrengthduetothekineticheatingeffect.
OptionC.
willshrinkduetotheextremepressuresinvolved.
CorrectAnsweris. losetheirstrengthduetothekineticheatingeffect.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
165. Machtrimoperates.

OptionA.
alongthelongitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
alongthelateralaxis.
OptionC.
toreduceDutchroll.

CorrectAnsweris. alongthelongitudinalaxis.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
166. Toincreasecriticalmachnumber.

OptionA.
thewingsareswept.
OptionB.
elevonsarefitted.

OptionC.
taileronsarefitted.
CorrectAnsweris. thewingsareswept.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
167. Whenapproachingthespeedofsoundthe.

OptionA.
pressureabovethewingexceedsthepressurebelowthewinginplaces.
OptionB.
pressureabovethewingcanneverexceedthepressurebelowthewing.
OptionC.
pressureabovethewingequalsthepressurebelowthewing.

CorrectAnsweris. pressureabovethewingexceedsthepressurebelowthewinginplaces.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
168. Airspeedsabovethespeedofsound,butnotexceeding4timesthespeedofsoundare.

OptionA.
supersonic.
OptionB.
hypersonic.
OptionC.
hyposonic.

CorrectAnsweris. supersonic.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
169. Anaircraftexperiencesalargelossofliftandabigincreaseindraginstraightandlevelflight,what
wouldbethemostprobablecause?.

OptionA.
Atmosphericconditions.

OptionB.
Aircraftreacheditscriticalmachnumber.
OptionC.
Severeheadwinds.
CorrectAnsweris. Aircraftreacheditscriticalmachnumber.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
170. AMachTrimmerisadevicewhich.

OptionA.
preventstheaircraftfromexceedingitscriticalMachNo.
OptionB.
automaticallycompensatesfortrimchangesinthetransonicregion.

OptionC.
switchesouttrimcontroltopreventdamageinthetransonicspeedrange.
CorrectAnsweris. automaticallycompensatesfortrimchangesinthetransonicregion.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
171. Machtrimusuallyoperatesbetween.

OptionA.
0.9machand0.99mach.

OptionB.
0.7and0.8mach.

OptionC.
0.6mach0.7mach.
CorrectAnsweris. 0.7and0.8mach.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
172. Machtrimmingisinitiatedbyaninputsignalfromthe.
OptionA.
IRS.
OptionB.
verticalgyro.
OptionC.
CADC.

CorrectAnsweris. verticalgyro.
Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
173. Machtrimprevents.

OptionA.
thenosedroppinginalowspeedturn.

OptionB.
thenosedroppingathighspeed.

OptionC.
thenoseliftingathighspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. thenosedroppingathighspeed.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
174. CriticalMachNo.maybeincreasedby.
OptionA.
usingahigherthickness/chordratiowing.
OptionB.
sweepingbackthewing.

OptionC.
usingmorepowerfulengines.
CorrectAnsweris. sweepingbackthewing.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
175. Airfloweithersideofanormalshockwaveis.
OptionA.
sonicupstreamanddownstream.

OptionB.
sonicupstream,subsonicdownstream.

OptionC.
subsonicupstream,sonicdownstream.

CorrectAnsweris. sonicupstream,subsonicdownstream.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
176. MachNumberisdefinedas.

OptionA.
speedofsoundatsealeveldividedbylocalspeedofsound.
OptionB.
IASdividedbythelocalspeedofsound.

OptionC.
TASdividedbylocalspeedofsound.

CorrectAnsweris. TASdividedbylocalspeedofsound.

Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage66.

QuestionNumber.
177. Thereasonforsharpleadingedgedwingsonhighspeedaircraftisto.

OptionA.
enabletheshockwavetobeaccuratelypositioned.
OptionB.
decreasewavedrag.
OptionC.
decreaseboundarylayer.

CorrectAnsweris. enabletheshockwavetobeaccuratelypositioned.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
178. CriticalMachNumberisdefinedas.

OptionA.
thatnumberatwhichtheairflowbecomessupersonic.

OptionB.
thatfreestreamMachNumberatwhichsomepartoftheairflowovertheaircraftbecomessonic.
OptionC.
theminimummachnumberatwhichtheaircraftcangosupersonic.

CorrectAnsweris. thatfreestreamMachNumberatwhichsomepartoftheairflowovertheaircraftbecomessonic.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
179. Thetransonicregionisaregionof.

OptionA.
allsubsonic.
OptionB.
allsupersonic.
OptionC.
mixedairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. mixedairflow.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
180. Immediatelydownstreamofanobliqueshockwaveisalways.

OptionA.
supersonic.
OptionB.
thesameasupstream.

OptionC.
subsonic.

CorrectAnsweris. supersonic.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
181. Wavedrag.

OptionA.
increasesinthesupersonicregion.
OptionB.
increasesatthelowspeedstall.

OptionC.
increasesinthetransonicregion.

CorrectAnsweris. increasesinthetransonicregion.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
182. ForincreasedMcrit.

OptionA.
decreasethickness/chordratio.

OptionB.
decreasesweepback.
OptionC.
decreasetrueairspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasethickness/chordratio.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
183. Symptomsofshockstallare.

OptionA.
decreaseinspeed,buffetandmovementofthecentreofpressure.
OptionB.
buffet,lossofcontrol,andinstability.

OptionC.
compressibilityeffects,buffetandlossofcontrol.
CorrectAnsweris. buffet,lossofcontrol,andinstability.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
184. SweepbackincreasesMcritby.

OptionA.
decreasingtheamountofairflowoverthelowestpointontheaerofoilsection.

OptionB.
decreasingtheamountofairflowoverthehighestpointontheaerofoilsection.
OptionC.
increasingtheamountofairflowoverthehighestpointontheaerofoilsection.

CorrectAnsweris. decreasingtheamountofairflowoverthehighestpointontheaerofoilsection.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
185. Machnumberis.

OptionA.
theratiooftheaircraftsTAStothespeedofsoundatthesameatmosphericconditions.
OptionB.
theratiooftheaircraftsIAStothespeedofsoundatthesameatmosphericconditions.
OptionC.
theratiooftheaircraftsTAStothespeedofsoundatsealevel.

CorrectAnsweris. theratiooftheaircraftsTAStothespeedofsoundatthesameatmosphericconditions.
Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControl,DavidHarrisPage19.

QuestionNumber.
186. ThecriticalMachnumberis.

OptionA.
theMachNo.whenashockwaveformsattheleadingedge.

OptionB.
theMachNo.whentheaircraftreachesthespeedofsound.
OptionC.
theaircraftMach.No.whentheairflowreachesthespeedofsoundatsomepointontheaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. theaircraftMach.No.whentheairflowreachesthespeedofsoundatsomepointontheaircraft.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
187. AbovetheCriticalMachNo.thedragcoefficientwill.

OptionA.
remainthesame.

OptionB.
starttoincrease.

OptionC.
starttodecrease.

CorrectAnsweris. starttoincrease.

Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
188. Awingoflowthickness/chordratio,theCriticalMachNo.willbe.

OptionA.
lowerthanawingofhighthickness/chordratio.

OptionB.
higherthanawingofhighthickness/chordratio.

OptionC.
thesameasawingofhighthickness/chordratio.
CorrectAnsweris. higherthanawingofhighthickness/chordratio.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
189. AnaeroplaneflyingabovetheCriticalMachNo.willusuallyexperience.
OptionA.
anoseuppitch.

OptionB.
anoscillationinpitch.
OptionC.
anosedownpitch

CorrectAnsweris. anosedownpitch.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
190. Tuckundercanbecounteractedby.

OptionA.
machtrim.

OptionB.
aileronreversal.

OptionC.
trimtabs.

CorrectAnsweris. machtrim.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
191. Whatcausestuckunder?.

OptionA.
Flapbackeffect.

OptionB.
Shockstall.
OptionC.
Aileronreversal.

CorrectAnsweris. Shockstall.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
192. Whendoesashockstalloccur?.

OptionA.
WhentheaircraftforwardspeedisaboveMachOne.

OptionB.
AtthecriticalMachnumberoftheaeroplane.

OptionC.
Whentheaircraftreachesspeedofsoundinadive.
CorrectAnsweris. AtthecriticalMachnumberoftheaeroplane.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
193. WithanincreaseinaltitudeunderI.S.A.conditions,thetemperatureinthetroposphere.
OptionA.
increases.

OptionB.
remainsconstant.

OptionC.
decreases.

CorrectAnsweris. decreases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
194. Aireithersideofanobliqueshockwaveisgenerally.

OptionA.
sonic.
OptionB.
supersonic.
OptionC.
subsonic.

CorrectAnsweris. supersonic.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
195. Downstreamofanormalshockwave.

OptionA.
pressuredecreasestemperatureincreases.
OptionB.
pressureandtemperatureincrease.

OptionC.
pressureandtemperaturedecrease.
CorrectAnsweris. pressureandtemperatureincrease.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
196. Speedofsoundvarieswith.

OptionA.
altitude.

OptionB.
temperature.
OptionC.
pressure.

CorrectAnsweris. temperature.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
197. Immediatelydownstreamofanormalshockwave,airisalways.
OptionA.
subsonic.

OptionB.
supersonic.
OptionC.
thesameasupstream.
CorrectAnsweris. subsonic.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
198. Increasedsweepback.

OptionA.
improvestipstallcharacteristics.

OptionB.
raisesMcrit.
OptionC.
decreasesstability.
CorrectAnsweris. raisesMcrit.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
199. Aerodynamicheating.

OptionA.
increasesasafunctionofairspeed.
OptionB.
increaseswithskinfriction.
OptionC.
decreaseswithaltitude.

CorrectAnsweris. increasesasafunctionofairspeed.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
200. Toovercomeineffectivecontrolsurfaceproblemsinthetransonicregion.

OptionA.
anallmovingtailplanemaybeused.
OptionB.
hydraulicpoweredelevatorsmaybeused.
OptionC.
Friseaileronsmaybeused.
CorrectAnsweris. anallmovingtailplanemaybeused.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
201. AnaircraftflyingbelowthetropopausedescendsataconstantTrueAirspeed,itsMach.No.will.

OptionA.
remainthesame.

OptionB.
increase.

OptionC.
decrease.

CorrectAnsweris. decrease.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
202. Tocountertheeffectofashiftofcentreofpressureasanaircraftfliesthroughthetransonicregion,fuel
ispumped.

OptionA.
forwards.

OptionB.
backwards.
OptionC.
sideways.

CorrectAnsweris. backwards.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
203. AnaircraftflyingabovethetropopausedescendsataconstantTrueAirspeed,itsMach.No.will.
OptionA.
remainthesame.

OptionB.
decrease.

OptionC.
increase.

CorrectAnsweris. remainthesame.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
204. Thevelocityofsoundwithanincreaseinaltitudewill.

OptionA.
remainconstant.

OptionB.
increase.

OptionC.
decrease.

CorrectAnsweris. decrease.

Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControlSystems,DavidHarrisPage19.

QuestionNumber.
205. Machnumberequalstheratioof.

OptionA.
altitudetoairspeed.
OptionB.
sonicspeedtoindicatedairspeed.

OptionC.
trueairspeedtolocalsonicspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. trueairspeedtolocalsonicspeed.

Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControlSystems,DavidHarrisPage19.

QuestionNumber.
206. Tuckunderiscausedby.

OptionA.
tipstallonastraightwingaircraft.
OptionB.
tipstallonasweptwingaircraft.

OptionC.
rootstallonasweptwingaircraft.

CorrectAnsweris. rootstallonasweptwingaircraft.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
207. Thepurposeofsweepbackonanaerofoilisto.

OptionA.
decreasedrag.
OptionB.
decreaseMcrit.

OptionC.
increaseMcrit.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseMcrit.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
208. Astheairspeedoveracamberedwingisincreased,ashockwavewillappearinitially.

OptionA.
attheleadingedge.
OptionB.
atthetrailingedge.
OptionC.
nearthepointofmaximumcurvature.

CorrectAnsweris. nearthepointofmaximumcurvature.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
209. Inthetransonicspeedrange.

OptionA.
thepositionofthewingcentreofpressureremainsconstant.

OptionB.
thecentreofpressuremovementmaybecomeoscillatory.
OptionC.
thecentreofpressureinitiallymovesforward,thenback.
CorrectAnsweris. thecentreofpressuremovementmaybecomeoscillatory.ORthecentreofpressureinitiallymovesforward,
thenback.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
210. Theangleofattackofabladeisthe.

OptionA.
anglebetweenthespinaxisandrelativeairflow.
OptionB.
anglebetweenthechordlineandplaneofrotation.
OptionC.
anglebetweenthechordlineandrelativeairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. anglebetweenthechordlineandrelativeairflow.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
211. Onahelicopter,whatisbladedragging?.

OptionA.
Movementofeachbladeverticallyabouttheirlateralhinges.

OptionB.
Contactofthebladetipsontheground.

OptionC.
Movementofeachbladehorizontallyabouttheirverticalhinge.
CorrectAnsweris. Movementofeachbladehorizontallyabouttheirverticalhinge.
Explanation. A&PGeneralTextbookPg258.

QuestionNumber.
212. Liftgeneratedbyabladeisproportionaltothe.
OptionA.
relativeairflowandthepitch.
OptionB.
aircraftairspeedandangleofattack.
OptionC.
relativeairflowandtheangleofattack.

CorrectAnsweris. aircraftairspeedandangleofattack.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
213. Whateffectdoesthegroundhaveonahelicopter?.
OptionA.
Noeffect.

OptionB.
Increaseslift.
OptionC.
Increasesthrust.

CorrectAnsweris. Increaseslift.
Explanation. A&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPg158.


QuestionNumber.
214. Whatdampsvibrationsonahelicopter?.

OptionA.
Swashplate.
OptionB.
Scissorlevers.
OptionC.
Bifilardamper.

CorrectAnsweris. Bifilardamper.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
215. WhatdesignfactorsgovernRPMofahelicopterrotor?.

OptionA.
Weightofblade.

OptionB.
Finenessratio.
OptionC.
Engineandgearbox.
CorrectAnsweris. Weightofblade.

Explanation. A&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPg154.
http:
//www.tpub.com/content/hseries/TM1152026523/css/TM1152026523_104.htm

QuestionNumber.
216. Relativevelocityofahelicopterrotor.

OptionA.
increasesatforwardtravellingblade.
OptionB.
isequalforallblades.
OptionC.
increasesatretreatingblade.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesatforwardtravellingblade.
Explanation. A&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPg159.

QuestionNumber.
217. WhenOATincreases,whathappenstoanhelicopteroperatingceiling?.
OptionA.
Decrease.

OptionB.
Increase.

OptionC.
Noeffect.

CorrectAnsweris. Decrease.

Explanation. Astemperatureincreases,densitydecreasesandaircraftperformancedecreases.

QuestionNumber.
218. Withthehelicopterinforwardflight,parasiticdragwillcausethehelicopterto.

OptionA.
pitchnosedownwithanincreaseinforwardairspeed.

OptionB.
pitchnosedownwithadecreaseinforwardairspeed.

OptionC.
pitchnoseupwithanincreaseinforwardinairspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. pitchnosedownwithanincreaseinforwardairspeed.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
219. Whenablademovesabouttheflappinghinge.

OptionA.
thepitchangleofthebladealwaysreduces.
OptionB.
thedragforcesonthebladechange.
OptionC.
thedragforcesonthebladechangeandtheangleofattack(AOA)changes.

CorrectAnsweris. thedragforcesonthebladechangeandtheangleofattack(AOA)changes.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
220. Tomaintainthepositionofthehelicopterwithadecreaseinairdensity,thepilotmustincrease.
OptionA.
mainrotorRPM.

OptionB.
cyclicpitch.
OptionC.
collectivepitch.

CorrectAnsweris. collectivepitch.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
221. Theforceswhichgoverntheconingangleare.

OptionA.
liftandcentrifugalforce.

OptionB.
thrustandcentrifugalforce.
OptionC.
liftandthrust.
CorrectAnsweris. liftandcentrifugalforce.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
222. Asahelicopteracceleratesinlevelforwardflightaboveapproximately15knots,itwillbenecessaryto:
.

OptionA.
reducepowerbecauseoftheadditionalliftduetotranslationalflight.

OptionB.
increasepowerbecauserotorRPMisincreasing.
OptionC.
reducepowerbecauserotorprofiledragisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. reducepowerbecauseoftheadditionalliftduetotranslationalflight.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
223. Assumingthephaselagofarotorbladeis90oandthecontroladvanceangleis15degrees,thenthe
pitchoperatingarmmustbeatthehighestpointoftheswashplate:.

OptionA.
90oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
OptionB.
75oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
OptionC.
105oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
CorrectAnsweris. 75oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
224. Ahelicopterishoveringandthepilotappliesrightpedal.Assumingthemainrotorrotatesanticlockwise
viewedfromabove,thehelicopterwill.

OptionA.
descend,unlessthepilotinchesthethrottleopen.
OptionB.
ascend,unlessthepilotdecreasesrotorRPM.

OptionC.
descend,unlessthepilotappliesmorecollectivepitch.

CorrectAnsweris. descend,unlessthepilotinchesthethrottleopen.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
225. Ahelicopterhasamainrotorwhichrotatesanticlockwiseviewedfromabove,andisfittedwithan
antitorquetailrotor.Itwilltendtodriftsidewaysto.

OptionA.
port,ifthetailrotorismountedontheleftsideoftheaircraft.

OptionB.
starboard,whicheverwaythetailrotorisfitted.

OptionC.
port,ifthetailrotorismountedontherightsideoftheaircraft.

CorrectAnsweris. starboard,whicheverwaythetailrotorisfitted.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
226. Astherotorheadistiltedtotravelforward,whathappenstotherearwardtravellingblade'spitchangle?.

OptionA.
Increases.

OptionB.
Decreases.

OptionC.
Nochange.
CorrectAnsweris. Increases.

Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.159.

QuestionNumber.
227. Thetailrotor.

OptionA.
producesaforceopposingtorquereaction.
OptionB.
producesaforceinthesamedirectionastorquereaction.
OptionC.
isnotsubjecttodissymmetryoflift.
CorrectAnsweris. producesaforceopposingtorquereaction.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
228. Withthetailrotorpedalsinneutral,thetailrotorbladepitchwillbe.

OptionA.
positive.

OptionB.
negative.

OptionC.
neutral.

CorrectAnsweris. positive.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
229. Themainrotordriveshaftistiltedlaterallyonsomehelicopterstocorrecttailrotor.

OptionA.
drift.
OptionB.
torque.
OptionC.
roll.
CorrectAnsweris. drift.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
230. Certainhelicopterstendtotiltlaterallywhenlanding.Thisproblemcanbeovercomebyplacingthetail
rotorthrust.

OptionA.
belowthelineofthemainrotorhub.
OptionB.
abovethelineofthemainrotorhub.
OptionC.
inlinewiththemainrotorhub.

CorrectAnsweris. inlinewiththemainrotorhub.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
231. Groundcushioneffectisproducedby.

OptionA.
recirculatingairgivingadditionallift.

OptionB.
increasedpressureunderthemainrotordisc.
OptionC.
increaseindensityabovethefuselage.

CorrectAnsweris. increasedpressureunderthemainrotordisc.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
232. Ahelicopterhoveringnearatallbuildingwill.

OptionA.
driftawayfromit.

OptionB.
beunaffectedbyit.
OptionC.
drifttowardsit.

CorrectAnsweris. drifttowardsit.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
233. Droopingofhelicopterbladesiscompensatedby.

OptionA.
flapping.

OptionB.
dragging.

OptionC.
centrifugalforce.

CorrectAnsweris. centrifugalforce.

Explanation. CentrifugalforcecounteractsthedroopofhelicopterbladesatlowRPM.

QuestionNumber.
234. Duringdecentwithpoweron,onahelicopter.

OptionA.
lift,weightandthrustareactingonthehelicopter.
OptionB.
lift,dragandthrustareactingonthehelicopter.

OptionC.
lift,drag,thrustandweightareactingonthehelicopter.

CorrectAnsweris. lift,drag,thrustandweightareactingonthehelicopter.

Explanation. Allfourforcesactonthehelicopter.

QuestionNumber.
235. Ahelicopterhovering2mabovethegroundsubjecttoastrongcrosswindwill.
OptionA.
loseliftduetotheremovalofthegroundcushioneffect.
OptionB.
increaseliftduetogroundcushioneffect.
OptionC.
loseliftduetorecirculation.

CorrectAnsweris. loseliftduetorecirculation.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
236. Withadropinambienttemperature,anaircraftserviceceilingwill.

OptionA.
lower.
OptionB.
rise.
OptionC.
notbeaffected.

CorrectAnsweris. rise.
Explanation. Asambienttemperaturedrops,densityincreasesandaircraftperformanceincreases.

QuestionNumber.
237. Duringanautorotativedescent,rotorRPMwillbe.

OptionA.
higherthaninpoweredflight.
OptionB.
lowerthaninpoweredflight.
OptionC.
substantiallythesameasinpoweredflight.
CorrectAnsweris. higherthaninpoweredflight.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
238. Helicopterbladesare.

OptionA.
symmetrical.
OptionB.
highlycambered.

OptionC.
reversecambered.

CorrectAnsweris. symmetrical.
Explanation. Helicopterbladesareusuallysymmetricalsection.

QuestionNumber.
239. Autorotativeforceisthe.

OptionA.
componentofthetotalreactionwhichactsforwardintheplaneofrotationinoppositiontodrag.

OptionB.
forcerequiredtoturninahover.

OptionC.
forcethepilotmustapplytothecollectivelevertoobtainacontrolleddescent.

CorrectAnsweris. componentofthetotalreactionwhichactsforwardintheplaneofrotationinoppositiontodrag.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
240. Autorotation.

OptionA.
leavestheaircraftwithnodirectionalcontrol.

OptionB.
resultsinalossofpower.

OptionC.
istheproductionofliftfromfreelyrotatingrotorblades.
CorrectAnsweris. istheproductionofliftfromfreelyrotatingrotorblades.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
241. Ifthemainrotorofahelicopterrotatesinananticlockwisedirectionwhenviewedfromabove,anda
hoveringleftturnisrequired,thefollowingmovementsofthecontrolsareselected:.

OptionA.
Rudderpedaltotheleft,anddecreasethrottle.

OptionB.
Rudderpedaltotheleft,andincreasethrottle.

OptionC.
Rudderpedaltotheright,andincreasethrottle.

CorrectAnsweris. Rudderpedaltotheleft,anddecreasethrottle.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
242. Helicopterderivesitsliftfrom.

OptionA.
airispusheddownward.

OptionB.
rotoractsasaairscrew.

OptionC.
thebladeofthehelicoptercreatesalowpressureaboveit.
CorrectAnsweris. thebladeofthehelicoptercreatesalowpressureaboveit.
Explanation. Allthreearecorrect,butanaerodynamicistwouldchoosea'createsalowpressureaboveit'.


QuestionNumber.
243. Atwobladedhelicopterrotoronacentralgimbaliscalled.

OptionA.
semirigidrotor.

OptionB.
fullyarticulatedrotor.
OptionC.
rigidrotor.

CorrectAnsweris. semirigidrotor.

Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.153.

QuestionNumber.
244. Ifahelicopterrotordiscisrotatinganticlockwise,viewedfromabovewhere,wouldapitchinputbefed
intothedisctomovethehelicopterbackwards,(90degreestowhat)?.

OptionA.
Infrontofthelateralaxis.

OptionB.
Leftofthelongitudinalaxis.
OptionC.
Rightofthelongitudinalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. Rightofthelongitudinalaxis.
Explanation. Duetoprecessionoftherotordisc,theinputtotiltthediscbackwardsmustbeplaced90degreesbefore,indirectionof
motionofthedisc.

QuestionNumber.
245. Onahelicopter,whatisvortexringstate?.

OptionA.
Tipvortexbuildupduringhover.

OptionB.
Tipvortexinterferenceathighforwardspeed.

OptionC.
Groundvortexinterferencewhenhoveringclosetotheground.

CorrectAnsweris. Tipvortexbuildupduringhover.

Explanation. Duringhover,thetipvortexofonebladeaddstothetipvorticesoftheprecedingblades,producingalargevortexring
andaveryinefficienthelicopter.

QuestionNumber.
246. Climbswithforwardspeedrequirelesspowerthanverticalclimbs,becauseof.

OptionA.
translationallift.

OptionB.
increasedinertia.

OptionC.
forwardmomentum.
CorrectAnsweris. translationallift.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
247. Translationalflightis.

OptionA.
achievedbyraisingorloweringthecollectivelever.
OptionB.
whenthehelicopterchangesfromonesteadyflightconditiontoanother.
OptionC.
achievedbytiltingtherotordiscinthedirectionofflight.
CorrectAnsweris. achievedbytiltingtherotordiscinthedirectionofflight.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
248. ThebestdesignofarotorbladeiswheretheCofP.

OptionA.
movesfreelyalongthelengthoftheblade.
OptionB.
doesnotmove.

OptionC.
isinsignificant.

CorrectAnsweris. doesnotmove.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
249. Whenthecyclicstickiseasedforwardinthehoverposition.
OptionA.
altitudeisincreased.
OptionB.
forwardthrustisdecreased.
OptionC.
verticalliftisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. verticalliftisreduced.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
250. Therotorconeisformedby.

OptionA.
bladealignment.

OptionB.
centrifugalforceandlift.

OptionC.
centrifugalforceonly.
CorrectAnsweris. centrifugalforceandlift.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
251. Trackingiscarriedoutto_____________themainrotorbladetippath.
OptionA.
restore.
OptionB.
align.
OptionC.
balance.

CorrectAnsweris. align.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
252. Theadvancingbladeofahelicopteristheonemoving.

OptionA.
onemovingforwardintorelativeairflow.
OptionB.
highestblade.
OptionC.
onemovingindirectionofrelativeairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. onemovingforwardintorelativeairflow.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
253. Liftisgeneratedby.

OptionA.
downwashbelowtheblade.
OptionB.
highpressureabovetheblade.

OptionC.
lowpressureabovetheblade.
CorrectAnsweris. lowpressureabovetheblade.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
254. Staticstabilityofahelicopteris.

OptionA.
thestabilityofthehelicopterwhenhovering.
OptionB.
thetendencymovebacktowardneutralafterdisturbance.
OptionC.
thetendencytooscillateuntiltheneutralisachieved.

CorrectAnsweris. thetendencymovebacktowardneutralafterdisturbance.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
255. Forwardvelocitycausestheadvancingbladeto.

OptionA.
flapdowntoincreaselift.

OptionB.
giveincreasedliftduetobladeflapping.

OptionC.
flapuptoreducelift.
CorrectAnsweris. flapuptoreducelift.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
256. Whenmovingfromthehovertoforwardflightitisnecessaryto.

OptionA.
increasetheenginepower.
OptionB.
decreasetheenginepower.
OptionC.
maintainconstantenginepower.

CorrectAnsweris. increasetheenginepower.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
257. AfterachangeincollectivepitchtheRotorRPMwillriseandfall.Thisiscalled.
OptionA.
staticdroop.
OptionB.
transientdroop.

OptionC.
underswing.

CorrectAnsweris. transientdroop.

Explanation. TheHelicopterandHowitFliesbyJohnFayPage20/21.TheinitialtotalfallinrotorRPMiscalledtransientdroop.
ThechangeinstabilisedRPMisreferredtoasstaticdroop.TheRPMdifferencebetweentransientdroopandstaticdroopiscalledthe
underswing.

QuestionNumber.
258. Afterachangeinpitchofarotorblade,thebladewillbeatmaximumflapat.

OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
0.

OptionC.
180.
CorrectAnsweris. 90.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
259. Therotordiscis.

OptionA.
thegroundcushion.
OptionB.
thedistancebetweentiptotip.

OptionC.
therotorheadhub.
CorrectAnsweris. thedistancebetweentiptotip.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl.Pallett.Page59/60fig1.42.

QuestionNumber.
260. Themaximumforwardspeedofahelicopterislimitedby.

OptionA.
retreatingbladestallandtheforwardspeedoftheadvancingblade.
OptionB.
enginepower.
OptionC.
theshapeofthefuselage.

CorrectAnsweris. retreatingbladestallandtheforwardspeedoftheadvancingblade.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
261. Whatprincipledoesthedelta3hingeuse?.

OptionA.
Triangularpitchchangelever.

OptionB.
Flappingactuators.
OptionC.
Offsethinges.
CorrectAnsweris. Offsethinges.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
262. Astheangleofattackofarotorbladeincreases,itaffectsthe.
OptionA.
flappingforces.

OptionB.
draggingandtheflappingforces.

OptionC.
draggingforces.

CorrectAnsweris. draggingandtheflappingforces.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
263. Withanincreaseinitsangleofattack,thedragactingonarotorblade.
OptionA.
decreases.

OptionB.
increases.

OptionC.
remainsconstant.

CorrectAnsweris. increases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
264. Forcesonahelicopter,inapowerondescentare.

OptionA.
lift,drag,thrust,weight.

OptionB.
lift,drag,thrust.

OptionC.
weight,drag,lift.

CorrectAnsweris. lift,drag,thrust,weight.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
265. Thebellstabilityaugmentationsystemisbasedon.
OptionA.
flappinghinges.

OptionB.
offsethinges.
OptionC.
gyroscopicforces.

CorrectAnsweris. gyroscopicforces.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
266. Duringforwardflighttheadvancingbladewill.
OptionA.
flapdown.

OptionB.
flapup.

OptionC.
lag.

CorrectAnsweris. flapup.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
267. Whatistheadvancingbladeonahelicopterdoing?.
OptionA.
Goingtothehighestpoint.
OptionB.
Increasinginlift.

OptionC.
Increasingindrag.

CorrectAnsweris. Increasinginlift.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
268. Whatistheswashplateonahelicopterusedfor?.
OptionA.
Controlofthepitchoftherotorblades.

OptionB.
Controlofthespeedoftherotorblades.

OptionC.
Controloftheflapoftherotorblades.

CorrectAnsweris. Controlofthepitchoftherotorblades.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage61.

QuestionNumber.
269. Upwashonahelicopterwouldresultin.

OptionA.
decreaseinlift.

OptionB.
increaseinliftwithoutanincreaseinpower.
OptionC.
decreaseinspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. increaseinliftwithoutanincreaseinpower.
Explanation. Upwashincreasesangleofattack.

QuestionNumber.
270. Afterarolltotheleftofastaticallyunstablehelicopter,thehelicopterwould.
OptionA.
continuetorollfurther.

OptionB.
remainatthepositionthatithadrolledto.
OptionC.
rollbacktothehorizontal.
CorrectAnsweris. continuetorollfurther.

Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage65.

QuestionNumber.
271. Thedifferencebetweentransientdroopandstaticdroopis.

OptionA.
overswing.

OptionB.
underswing.
OptionC.
aholeinone.
CorrectAnsweris. underswing.
Explanation. TheHelicopterhistory,pilotingandhowitfliesJohnFayISBN81700020301PageNo21".

QuestionNumber.
272. Whathappenstoahelicopterinautorotativeflight?.

OptionA.
Therotorgoesinthenormaldirectionofrotation.

OptionB.
Therotorgoestheoppositedirectiontothenormaldirectionofrotation.
OptionC.
Thecabingoesinthedirectionofrotation.
CorrectAnsweris. Therotorgoesinthenormaldirectionofrotation.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
273. TheRPMoftherotorbladesisconstant,withinsmalllimitsto.

OptionA.
preventbladesoverspeeding.
OptionB.
preventbladesfoldingupduringflight.

OptionC.
reducetorqueloading.
CorrectAnsweris. preventbladesfoldingupduringflight.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
274. Tomaintainthepositionofthehelicopter,whenhoveringwithadecreaseinairdensity,thepilotmust.

OptionA.
increasethecollectivepitch.
OptionB.
increaserotorRPM.
OptionC.
increasethecyclicpitch.

CorrectAnsweris. increasethecollectivepitch.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
275. Relativeairflowoverahelicopterblade.

OptionA.
increasesatthetip.
OptionB.
isunaffectedbybladeposition.

OptionC.
increasesattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesatthetip.
Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
276. Anhelicopterfinhelpstogive.

OptionA.
longitudinalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
OptionB.
directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
OptionC.
directionalstabilityaboutthelongitudinalaxis.

CorrectAnsweris. directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
277. Afterarolltotheleftofastaticallystablehelicopter,thehelicopterwould.
OptionA.
continuetoroll.

OptionB.
comebacktolevelflight.

OptionC.
increasesroll.
CorrectAnsweris. comebacktolevelflight.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
278. Solidityoftherotoristheratioofthe.

OptionA.
bladeareatodiscarea.

OptionB.
allupweighttobladearea.
OptionC.
allupweighttodiscarea.

CorrectAnsweris. bladeareatodiscarea.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
279. Whichdirectionistheairflowingthroughthemainrotorduringautorotation?.
OptionA.
Upwards.

OptionB.
Paralleltotherotorchordline.

OptionC.
Downwards.
CorrectAnsweris. Upwards.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
280. Thepurposeofanoffsetverticalstabilizeristo.

OptionA.
providestabilityduringverticalflight.

OptionB.
relievesomeoftheloadonthetailrotorduringforwardflight.

OptionC.
provideliftduringforwardflight.

CorrectAnsweris. relievesomeoftheloadonthetailrotorduringforwardflight.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
281. Thepurposeofthehorizontalstabilizeristo.

OptionA.
maintaintheaircraftinasnearahorizontalattitudeaspossible,duringforwardflight.

OptionB.
toreducerotorheadloadsduringtranslationalflight.

OptionC.
tostabilizetheaircraftinthehover.
CorrectAnsweris. maintaintheaircraftinasnearahorizontalattitudeaspossible,duringforwardflight.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
282. Duringautorotation,therudderpedals.

OptionA.
wouldneedtobebackedoffduetothelossoftorque.

OptionB.
wouldhavenoeffectondirectionalcontrol.
OptionC.
wouldneedtobeadvancedtocounteracttheincreasedtorque.

CorrectAnsweris. wouldneedtobebackedoffduetothelossoftorque.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
283. Inforwardflight,theadvancingbladewouldbeexpectedto.

OptionA.
lag.

OptionB.
increasepitch.

OptionC.
flapup.

CorrectAnsweris. flapup.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
284. Whenthehelicoptermovesfromthehovertotranslationalflight,theliftvectorwill.
OptionA.
remainvertical.

OptionB.
moveforward.
OptionC.
moveaft.

CorrectAnsweris. moveforward.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
285. Ifthebladeangleofattackincreases.

OptionA.
liftincreasesonly.

OptionB.
liftanddragincreases.

OptionC.
dragincreasesonly.
CorrectAnsweris. liftanddragincreases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
286. Whenabladeisflappingup.

OptionA.
pitchwillincrease.
OptionB.
pitchwilldecrease.
OptionC.
liftanddragbothincrease.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchwilldecrease.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
287. Vortexringstartrequires.

OptionA.
retreatingbladestall.
OptionB.
advancingbladestall.
OptionC.
powerondescent.

CorrectAnsweris. powerondescent.

Explanation. ThehelicopterandhowitfliesPage117byJohnFay.

QuestionNumber.
288. Rotortipvorticesarestrongestwhen.
OptionA.
hoveringwithhighweight.
OptionB.
flyinghighspeedinstraightandlevelflight.
OptionC.
flyingintoaheadwind.

CorrectAnsweris. hoveringwithhighweight.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
289. Tailrotoreffectsthehelicopterin.
OptionA.
pitchandroll.
OptionB.
verticalaxis.
OptionC.
horizontalaxis.

CorrectAnsweris. verticalaxis.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
290. AbladeofaHelicopterMainRotoris.
OptionA.
highlycambered.

OptionB.
reversecambered.

OptionC.
symmetricallycambered.

CorrectAnsweris. symmetricallycambered.

Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
291. Helicopterrotorbladesproduceliftby.

OptionA.
movingasmallmassofairdownwardsslowly.

OptionB.
movingalargemassofairdownwardsquickly.

OptionC.
creatingalowerpressureabovethebladethanbelow.

CorrectAnsweris. creatingalowerpressureabovethebladethanbelow.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
292. Withanincreaseinforwardvelocityofahelicopter,theincreaseinparasiticdragwillcausethefuselage
attitudeto.

OptionA.
pitchdown.
OptionB.
remainlevel.
OptionC.
pitchup.

CorrectAnsweris. pitchdown.
Explanation. Theamountofparasiticdragincreaseswithincreasingairspeed,sothatthethrust/parasitedrag(nosedown)couple
becomesstronger.

QuestionNumber.
293. Onahelicopter,rotordisclifthappens.

OptionA.
180later.

OptionB.
90later.

OptionC.
immediately.
CorrectAnsweris. immediately.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
294. Duringanautorotativedecent,rotorRPMwillbe.

OptionA.
higherthaninpoweredflight.
OptionB.
approximatelythesameasinpoweredflight.

OptionC.
lowerthaninpoweredflight.
CorrectAnsweris. higherthaninpoweredflight.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
295. Liftinahelicopterisaresultof.

OptionA.
pitch*squarerootofspeed.
OptionB.
angleofattack*velocitysquared.
OptionC.
angleofattack*velocitysquaredandforwardspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack*velocitysquared.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
296. Afterachangeinpitchofarotorbladethebladewillbeatmaximumflapat.
OptionA.
180.
OptionB.
90.
OptionC.
0.

CorrectAnsweris. 90.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
297. Whentherotorbladeincreasesitsangleofattack,thecentreofpressure.
OptionA.
doesnotmove.

OptionB.
movesrearwards.

OptionC.
movesforward.

CorrectAnsweris. doesnotmove.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
298. Autorotativeforceattemptstopulltherotorblade.

OptionA.
inthedirectionofnormalrotation.
OptionB.
bothinandagainstthedirectionofnormalrotation.
OptionC.
againstthedirectionofnormalrotation.

CorrectAnsweris. inthedirectionofnormalrotation.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
299. Thegroundeffectiseffectiveuptoaheightequalling.
OptionA.
twicethediameteroftherotordisc.
OptionB.
thelengthofthefuselage.

OptionC.
thediameteroftherotordisc.
CorrectAnsweris. thediameteroftherotordisc.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
300. Movementofthecollectivecontrolwill.

OptionA.
increasethepitchofthemainrotorblades.
OptionB.
increasethepitchofthetailrotor.
OptionC.
tiltthediscandincreaseenginepower.

CorrectAnsweris. increasethepitchofthemainrotorblades.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
301. Rotorbladesailingisaproblemat.

OptionA.
lowrotorRPMatengineshutdown.
OptionB.
normalrotorRPMingustyconditions.

OptionC.
highrotorRPMatenginestartup.
CorrectAnsweris. lowrotorRPMatengineshutdown.
Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
302. Thelayerofairoverthesurfaceofanaerofoilwhichisslowermoving,inrelationtotherestofthe
airflow,isknownas.

OptionA.
camberlayer.
OptionB.
boundarylayer.

OptionC.
noneoftheabovearecorrect.
CorrectAnsweris. boundarylayer.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
303. Duringhelicopterforwardflighttheretreatingbladewilltendto.

OptionA.
flapdown.

OptionB.
nochange.

OptionC.
flapup.

CorrectAnsweris. flapdown.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
304. Whenairflowvelocityoveranuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoildecreases,whattakesplace?.

OptionA.
Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.

OptionB.
Pressuredecreases,liftincreases.

OptionC.
Pressureincreases,liftincreases.

CorrectAnsweris. Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
305. Whatisacontrollingfactorofturbulenceandskinfriction?.

OptionA.
Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.

OptionB.
Finenessratio.

OptionC.
Aspectratio.
CorrectAnsweris. Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
306. Changesinaircraftweight.

OptionA.
willonlyaffecttotaldragiftheliftiskeptconstant.
OptionB.
willnotaffecttotaldragsinceitisdependantonlyuponspeed.

OptionC.
causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.

CorrectAnsweris. causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
307. Whenanaerofoilstalls.

OptionA.
liftanddragincrease.
OptionB.
liftdecreasesanddragincreases.

OptionC.
liftincreasesanddragdecreases.

CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreasesanddragincreases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
308. Whenahelicopterrotordiscistiltedforward,whathappenstothepitchoftheretreatingblade?.
OptionA.
Increases.

OptionB.
Remainsconstant.

OptionC.
Decreases.

CorrectAnsweris. Increases.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
309. Airflowthroughthemainrotordiscinautorotationis.

OptionA.
alwaysdownthroughtherotordisc.
OptionB.
alwaysupthroughtherotordisc.

OptionC.
maybeeitherupordown.

CorrectAnsweris. alwaysupthroughtherotordisc.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
310. Thebladestallingspeedwill.

OptionA.
onlychangeiftheMTWAwerechanged.
OptionB.
increasewithanincreaseinhelicopterweight.

OptionC.
beunaffectedbyhelicopterweightchangessinceitisdependantupontheangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. increasewithanincreaseinhelicopterweight.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
311. Groundeffectwillbemostapparentwhen.

OptionA.
taxiinginthehover.
OptionB.
hoveringclosetotheground.
OptionC.
taxiingontheground.
CorrectAnsweris. hoveringclosetotheground.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
312. Whenenteringintoastableautorotativestate,themainrotorRPMwillinitially.
OptionA.
increase.

OptionB.
decrease.

OptionC.
beunaffected.
CorrectAnsweris. decrease.

Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
313. Thestallingspeedofanhelicopterblade.

OptionA.
isincreasedwhenthehelicopterisheavier.
OptionB.
isincreasedwhenthehelicopterislighter.
OptionC.
doesnotchange.

CorrectAnsweris. isincreasedwhenthehelicopterisheavier.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
314. Helicoptersinforwardflightareusually.

OptionA.
directionallystable.
OptionB.
laterallystable.

OptionC.
longitudinallystable.
CorrectAnsweris. directionallystable.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
315. Stabilityofahelicopterisits.

OptionA.
abilitytohoveratafixedpointabovetheground.
OptionB.
abilitytomoveinall3axiswhereandwhenrequired.

OptionC.
abilitytoreturntooriginalattitudeafterdisplacement.

CorrectAnsweris. abilitytoreturntooriginalattitudeafterdisplacement.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
316. Inforwardflighttherelativeairvelocityateachblade.
OptionA.
isgreatestfortheretreatingblade.
OptionB.
isequalatallbladesduetocompensation.
OptionC.
isgreatestfortheadvancingblade.
CorrectAnsweris. isgreatestfortheadvancingblade.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
317. Whatforcesareactingonthehelicopterduringdescent?.
OptionA.
Liftonly.

OptionB.
Liftandweight.

OptionC.
Weightonly.
CorrectAnsweris. Liftandweight.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
318. Thegroundcushioneffectisapparent.

OptionA.
inthehoveronly.

OptionB.
inthehoverandatlowtranslationalflightclosetotheground.

OptionC.
onthegroundonly.
CorrectAnsweris. inthehoverandatlowtranslationalflightclosetotheground.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
319. Iftheangleofattackisincreasedonamainrotorblade.
OptionA.
thereisnochangeindrag.
OptionB.
thereisanincreaseindrag.
OptionC.
thereisareductionindrag.
CorrectAnsweris. thereisanincreaseindrag.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
320. Ahelicoptermainrotorblademaybetaperedfromroottotipto.
OptionA.
equaliseliftalongtheblade.
OptionB.
reduceinduceddrag.

OptionC.
reducethebladeweight.

CorrectAnsweris. equaliseliftalongtheblade.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
321. Ahelicoptermainrotorbladeistwistedfromroottotipto.
OptionA.
permitthebladetostraightenunderaerodynamicload.

OptionB.
equaliseliftalongtheblade.
OptionC.
givethebladeadditionalstrength.
CorrectAnsweris. equaliseliftalongtheblade.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
322. Translationaldriftis.

OptionA.
thetendencyfortheaircrafttodriftlaterally.
OptionB.
thetendencyfortheaircrafttoturntoport.
OptionC.
thetendencyfortheaircrafttopitchnoseup.
CorrectAnsweris. thetendencyfortheaircrafttodriftlaterally.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
323. Thechoiceofaerofoilsectionforarotorbladeissuchthat.
OptionA.
ithasastablecentreofpressure.

OptionB.
theCofPmovesveryslowly.
OptionC.
theCofPmovesrapidlyinresponsetopitchchanges.

CorrectAnsweris. ithasastablecentreofpressure.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
324. Whentherotorbladeisflappingup,theangleofattack.

OptionA.
remainsthesameasthepitchangle.
OptionB.
islessthanthepitchangle.
OptionC.
isgreaterthanthepitchangle.

CorrectAnsweris. islessthanthepitchangle.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
325. Whentherotorbladeisflappingdown,thepitchangle.
OptionA.
islessthantheangleofattack.

OptionB.
remainsthesame.

OptionC.
isgreaterthantheangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. islessthantheangleofattack.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
326. Thetropopauseexistsatabout.

OptionA.
18,000ft.

OptionB.
30,000ft.

OptionC.
36,000ft.

CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
327. TherotorbladesoperateatthebestLift/Dragratiowhentheir.
OptionA.
angleofattackis0degrees.
OptionB.
pitchanglescloselyapproachthestallangle.
OptionC.
angleofattackisabout+3degrees.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattackisabout+3degrees.
Explanation. NIL.


QuestionNumber.
328. Thecentreofpressureofanaerofoilisthatpointonthecordline.

OptionA.
whichmovesmost,withchangesinangleofattack,ifthesectionissymmetrical.
OptionB.
atwhichthehighestpressureissaidtoact.
OptionC.
atwhichtheliftforcesresultantissaidtoact.

CorrectAnsweris. atwhichtheliftforcesresultantissaidtoact.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
329. Themainrotorassemblyofahelicopterprovides.

OptionA.
bothliftandhorizontalthrust.
OptionB.
lift,acomponentofwhichishorizontalsothrustisobtained.

OptionC.
lift,butanunbalancedcomponentinthedirectionofflightmovestheaircraftforward.
CorrectAnsweris. lift,acomponentofwhichishorizontalsothrustisobtained.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
330. Anadvantageofthesymmetricalsectionbladesusedonhelicoptersisthat.

OptionA.
themovementofthecentreofpressurewithchangesoftheangleofattackisgreaterthanthatofafixedwing.
OptionB.
thecentreofpressuremovesforwardwithchangesinangleofattack.

OptionC.
thepositionofthefeatheraxisandthecentreofpressureandcentreofgravitycoincide,providingstability.

CorrectAnsweris. thepositionofthefeatheraxisandthecentreofpressureandcentreofgravitycoincide,providingstability.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
331. Whichpartoftherotordiscproducesthemostliftduringforwardflight?.

OptionA.
Themidspanportion.
OptionB.
Thefrontportion.

OptionC.
Therearportion.

CorrectAnsweris. Thefrontportion.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
332. Theaerofoilshapeofamainrotorbladeissymmetricalinordertomakethebladehave.

OptionA.
thehighestpossibleliftcoefficientwhenhovering.
OptionB.
thebestpossibleautorotativecharacteristics.
OptionC.
arelativelystablecentreofpressurepositionwithchangesinangleofattack.

CorrectAnsweris. arelativelystablecentreofpressurepositionwithchangesinangleofattack.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
333. Aspectratioistheratioofthe.

OptionA.
discdiametertothechord.
OptionB.
bladechordtothediscarea.
OptionC.
bladespantothechord.

CorrectAnsweris. bladespantothechord.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
334. Discloadingisdefinedasthe.

OptionA.
ratioofgrossweighttodiscarea.

OptionB.
ratioofbladeareatodiscarea.

OptionC.
ratioofgrossweighttototalbladearea.

CorrectAnsweris. ratioofgrossweighttodiscarea.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
335. Ahelicopterhasamainrotorwhichrotatesanticlockwiseviewedfromabove.Whathappensifalossof
antitorquedeviceatcruisespeedinflight?.

OptionA.
Nosepitchesupslightly+yawtoright.

OptionB.
Nosepitchesupslightly+yawtoleft.

OptionC.
Noappreciablechange.

CorrectAnsweris. Nosepitchesupslightly+yawtoright.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
336. Overpitchcauses.

OptionA.
anincreaseinRPM.
OptionB.
areductioninRPM.
OptionC.
bladestoconeup.

CorrectAnsweris. bladestoconeup.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
337. Ashroudedtailrotor.

OptionA.
reducesneedforcyclicfeathering.
OptionB.
givescontrolinpitchandyaw.

OptionC.
hasincreasedairflowsoyawcanbecontrolledbytherudder.

CorrectAnsweris. reducesneedforcyclicfeathering.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
338. Inahelicopterwithitsmainrotorturninganticlockwise,whichwaydoestheaircrafttendtodrift?.

OptionA.
Portiftailrotorismountedontheright.

OptionB.
Starboard,irrespectiveofwhichsidethetailrotorismountedon.
OptionC.
Portiftailrotorismountedontheleft.

CorrectAnsweris. Starboard,irrespectiveofwhichsidethetailrotorismountedon.
Explanation. NIL.

08.4.FlightStabilityandDynamics.

QuestionNumber.
1.
Dihedralwingscombatinstabilityin.

OptionA.
yaw.
OptionB.
sideslip.

OptionC.
pitch.
CorrectAnsweris. sideslip.

Explanation. Astheaircraftsideslips,thereisagreaterangleofattackonthelowerwingwhichincreaseslift,straightenstheaircraft
andstopsthesideslip.

QuestionNumber.
2.
Anaircraft,whichislongitudinallystable,willtendtoreturntolevelflightafteramovementinwhich
axis?.

OptionA.
Pitch.
OptionB.
Yaw.
OptionC.
Roll.
CorrectAnsweris. Pitch.
Explanation. Longitudinalstabilityisstabilityaboutthepitchaxis.

QuestionNumber.
3.
Thenormalaxisofanaircraftpassesthrough.

OptionA.
thecentreofgravity.
OptionB.
apointatthecentreofthewings.

OptionC.
atthecentreofpressure.

CorrectAnsweris. thecentreofgravity.
Explanation. Alltheaxisoftheaircraft(normal,longitudinalandlateral)passthroughthecentreofgravity.

QuestionNumber.
4.
Duetothechangeindownwashonanuntaperedwing(i.e.oneofconstantchordlength)itwill.

OptionA.
notprovideanydampingeffectwhenrolling.

OptionB.
notsufferadverseyaweffectswhenturning.
OptionC.
tendtostallfirstattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. tendtostallfirstattheroot.
Explanation. Thechangeindownwashiscausedbythewingtipvortices,whichhasalesseraffectinboardthanitdoesatthetip.The
downwashreducestheeffectiveangleofattack(moresoatthetip).Thiscausestherootofthewingtostallbeforethetip.

QuestionNumber.
5.
Correctingforadisturbancewhichhascausedarollingmotionaboutthelongitudinalaxiswould
reestablishwhichofthefollowing?.

OptionA.
Lateralstability.

OptionB.
Longitudinalstability.
OptionC.
Directionalstability.
CorrectAnsweris. Lateralstability.

Explanation. Theaircraft'sresponsetorollingislateralstability.

QuestionNumber.
6.
Porpoisingisanoscillatorymotioninthe.

OptionA.
yawplane.

OptionB.
rollplane.

OptionC.
pitchplane.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchplane.
Explanation. Porpoisingisanoscillatorymotioninpitch,aboutthelateralaxis.

QuestionNumber.
7.
Directionalstabilityismaintained.

OptionA.
bythetailplane,andcontrolledbytheelevators.

OptionB.
bythekeelsurfaceandfin,andcontrolledbytherudder.
OptionC.
bythemainplanes,andcontrolledbytheailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. bythekeelsurfaceandfin,andcontrolledbytherudder.

Explanation. Directionalstabilityismaintainedbythekeelsurfaceandthefinandcontrolledbytherudder.

QuestionNumber.
8.
Longitudinalstabilityisgivenby.

OptionA.
thefin.
OptionB.
thewingdihedral.

OptionC.
thehorizontaltailplane.

CorrectAnsweris. thehorizontaltailplane.

Explanation. Thehorizontalstabilizer(tailplane)provideslongitudinalstability.

QuestionNumber.
9.
Lateralstabilityisgivenby.

OptionA.
thehorizontaltailplane.

OptionB.
theailerons.
OptionC.
thewingdihedral.

CorrectAnsweris. thewingdihedral.

Explanation. Thewingdihedralprovideslateralstability.

QuestionNumber.
10.
Stabilityaboutthelateralaxisisgivenby.

OptionA.
theailerons.
OptionB.
thehorizontaltailplane.

OptionC.
wingdihedral.
CorrectAnsweris. thehorizontaltailplane.

Explanation. Stabilityaboutthelateralaxisislongitudinalstability.Thehorizontalstabilizer(tailplane)provideslongitudinal
stability.

QuestionNumber.
11.
Sweepbackofthewingswill.

OptionA.
decreaselateralstability.

OptionB.
notaffectthelateralstability.
OptionC.
increaselateralstability.

CorrectAnsweris. increaselateralstability.

Explanation. Whenanaircraftrolls,itsideslips.AsideslippingaircraftwithsweepbackhasahigherARontheleadingwingthan
thanithasonthetrailingwing.TheliftisgreateronahigherARwing,soitcorrectstheroll.(10degreesofsweepbackhasthesame
effectas1degreeofdihedral).

QuestionNumber.
12.
DutchRollis.

OptionA.
primarilyapitchinginstability.

OptionB.
acombinedrollingandyawingmotion.

OptionC.
atypeofslowroll.
CorrectAnsweris. acombinedrollingandyawingmotion.

Explanation. Dutchroleisacombinationofroleandyaw.

QuestionNumber.
13.
Ahighwingpositiongives.

OptionA.
morelateralstabilitythanalowwing.

OptionB.
lesslateralstabilitythanalowwing.
OptionC.
thesamelateralstabilityasalowwing.

CorrectAnsweris. morelateralstabilitythanalowwing.

Explanation. Thependulumeffectproducedbythefuselageofahighwingaircraftprovidesmorelateralstability.

QuestionNumber.
14.
Directionalstabilitymaybeincreasedwith.

OptionA.
pitchdampers.
OptionB.
hornbalance.
OptionC.
yawdampers.
CorrectAnsweris. yawdampers.
Explanation. Yawdampersincreasedirectionalstability.

QuestionNumber.
15.
Lateralstabilitymaybeincreasedwith.

OptionA.
increasedlateraldihedral.

OptionB.
increasedlateralanhedral.

OptionC.
increasedlongitudinaldihedral.

CorrectAnsweris. increasedlateraldihedral.

Explanation. Lateraldihedralincreaseslateralstability.(BTW:Longitudinaldihedralisthedifferencebetweenmainplaneand
tailplaneanglesofincidence).

QuestionNumber.
16.
Longitudinalstabilityisincreasedifthe.

OptionA.
CGisforwardoftheCP.

OptionB.
Thrustactsonalinebelowthetotaldrag.
OptionC.
CPmovesforwardoftheCG.
CorrectAnsweris. CGisforwardoftheCP.

Explanation. IftheCGisforwardoftheCPitwillhaveanosedowntendencywhichmakestheaircraftlesslikelytostalland
thereforeitwillhavemorelongitudinalstability.

QuestionNumber.
17.
Directionalstabilityisaboutthe.

OptionA.
lateralaxis.
OptionB.
longitudinalaxis.

OptionC.
normalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. normalaxis.
Explanation. Directionalstabilityisstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
18.
Lateralstabilityisaboutthe.

OptionA.
longitudinalaxis.

OptionB.
normalaxis.
OptionC.
verticalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalaxis.

Explanation. Lateralstabilityisstabilityaboutthelongitudinalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
19.
Longitudinalstabilityisprovidedbythe.

OptionA.
horizontalstabilizer.
OptionB.
verticalstabilizer.

OptionC.
mainplane.

CorrectAnsweris. horizontalstabilizer.
Explanation. Longitudinalstabilityisprovidedbythehorizontalstabiliser(tailplane).

QuestionNumber.
20.
Iftheaircraftturnsandsideslips.

OptionA.
thesweepbackofthewingwillcorrectthesideslip.
OptionB.
thekeelsurfacewillcorrectthesideslip.

OptionC.
thedihedralofthewingwillcorrectthesideslip.

CorrectAnsweris. thedihedralofthewingwillcorrectthesideslip.

Explanation.
http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/axes33.htm

QuestionNumber.
21.
Anaircraftdisturbedfromitsnormalflightpath,andautomaticallyreturnstothatnormalflightpath,
withoutanyactiononthepartofthepilotisknownas.

OptionA.
aircraftstall.
OptionB.
aircraftinstability.

OptionC.
aircraftstability.

CorrectAnsweris. aircraftstability.

Explanation. Stabilityistheaircraft'sabilityfortheaircrafttoreturntoitsnormalflightpathafterbeingdisturbed.


QuestionNumber.
22.
Thefingivesstabilityaboutwhichaxis?.

OptionA.
Longitudinalaxis.

OptionB.
Lateralaxis.
OptionC.
Normalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. Normalaxis.
Explanation. Thefingivesstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
23.
Ifthenoseoftheaircraftisrotatedaboutitslateralaxis,whatisitsdirectionalmovement?.
OptionA.
Rollingorbankingtotheleftorright.

OptionB.
Turningtotheleftorright.
OptionC.
Climbingordiving.
CorrectAnsweris. Climbingordiving.
Explanation. Foranaircrafttoclimbordiveitmustberotatedabouttslateralaxis.

QuestionNumber.
24.
Thefunctionofanaircraftfin.

OptionA.
istoprovidedirectionalcontrol.

OptionB.
istoprovidestraightairflowacrosstherudder.

OptionC.
istoprovidestabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. istoprovidestabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
Explanation. Thefunctionoftheaircraftfinistoprovidestabilityaboutthenormalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
25.
Movementofanaircraftaboutitsnormalaxis.

OptionA.
isrolling.

OptionB.
isyawing.

OptionC.
ispitching.

CorrectAnsweris. isyawing.

Explanation. yawing'ismovementoftheaircraftaboutitsnormalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
26.
If,afteradisturbance,anaeroplaneinitiallyreturnstoitsequilibriumstate.

OptionA.
ithasneutralstability.
OptionB.
ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
OptionC.
itisneutrallyunstable.

CorrectAnsweris. ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
Explanation. Staticstabilityiswhenanaircraftreturnstoitsequilibrium(trimmed)state.Dynamicstabilityistheabilityofthe
aircrafttoopposethedisturbance.

QuestionNumber.
27.
Stabilityofanaircraftis.

OptionA.
thetendencyoftheaircrafttoreturntoitsoriginaltrimmedpositionafterhavingbeendisplaced.
OptionB.
thetendencyoftheaircrafttostallatlowairspeed.
OptionC.
theabilityoftheaircrafttorotateaboutanaxis.

CorrectAnsweris. thetendencyoftheaircrafttoreturntoitsoriginaltrimmedpositionafterhavingbeendisplaced.
Explanation. Stabilityisthetendencyfortheaircrafttoreturntoitsoriginalpositionafterbeingdisplaced.

QuestionNumber.
28.
Thethreeaxesconcernedwithstabilityofanaircrafthave.

OptionA.
normalaxisthroughCofG.Lateralaxiswingtiptowingtip.LongitudinalaxisnosetotailbutnotthroughCofG.
OptionB.
longitudinal,lateralandnormalaxisallpassingthroughaircraftcentreofgravity.
OptionC.
longitudinalaxisnosetotail,lateralaxisatfurthestspanpoint,normalaxisthroughcentreofpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinal,lateralandnormalaxisallpassingthroughaircraftcentreofgravity.
Explanation. Thelongitudinal,lateralandnormalaxisallpassthroughtheaircraft'scentreofgravity.

QuestionNumber.
29.
Ifanaircraftreturnstoapositionofequilibriumitissaidtobe.

OptionA.
positivelystable.

OptionB.
neutrallystable.

OptionC.
negativelystable.

CorrectAnsweris. positivelystable.

Explanation. Ifanaircraftispositivelystableitwillreturntoitstrimmedposition.

QuestionNumber.
30.
Thependulumeffectonahighwingaircraft.

OptionA.
hasnoeffectonlateralstability.

OptionB.
increaseslateralstability.

OptionC.
decreaseslateralstability.

CorrectAnsweris. increaseslateralstability.

Explanation. Pendulumeffectonahighwingaircraftincreaseslateralstability.

QuestionNumber.
31.
Afteradisturbanceinpitch,anaircraftcontinuestooscillateatconstantamplitude.Itis.

OptionA.
longitudinallyunstable.

OptionB.
longitudinallyneutrallystable.

OptionC.
laterallyunstable.

CorrectAnsweris. longitudinallyneutrallystable.

Explanation. Ifanaircraftoscillatesinpitchwithouttheoscillationsincreasingordecreasingitislongitudinallyneutrallystable.

QuestionNumber.
32.
Onanaircraftwithanallmovingtailplanenoseuppitchiscausedby.

OptionA.
decreasingtailplaneincidence.

OptionB.
increasingtailplaneincidence.

OptionC.
upmovementofthetrimtab.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasingtailplaneincidence.

Explanation. Tomakethenosepitchup,thetailplanedownloadmustbeincreased.Thisisdonebydecreasingitsincidence(or
increasingitsnegativeincidence).


QuestionNumber.
33.
Whatgivestheaircraftdirectionalstability?.

OptionA.
Verticalstabiliser.

OptionB.
Elevators.

OptionC.
Horizontalstabiliser.
CorrectAnsweris. Verticalstabiliser.

Explanation. Theverticalstabilisergivestheaircraftdirectionalstability.

QuestionNumber.
34.
Inflightiftheaircraftnosegetsanupwardgustofwind,whatcharacteristicwillhavethegreatesteffect
tocounteractit?.

OptionA.
WingSweep.
OptionB.
Horizontalstabiliserandfuselagelength.

OptionC.
Positionofthecentreofpressurerelativetothecentreofgravity.
CorrectAnsweris. Horizontalstabiliserandfuselagelength.

Explanation. LongitudinalstabilityiseffectedmainlybythestabiliserandlengthoffuselagebehindtheCofG.

QuestionNumber.
35.
Tocorrectdutchrollyoumustdamposcillationaround:.

OptionA.
thelongitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
thelateralaxis.

OptionC.
theverticalaxis.

CorrectAnsweris. theverticalaxis.

Explanation. DutchRollisafigureofeightoscillationaroundtheverticalaxis.

QuestionNumber.
36.
Anelevatortrimtabisusedto.

OptionA.
counteractpropellertorque.
OptionB.
preventthecontrolsurfacefromstallingtheairflow.
OptionC.
reducecontrolcolumnforcesonthepilot.

CorrectAnsweris. reducecontrolcolumnforcesonthepilot.
Explanation. SeeACKermodeChapter9.

QuestionNumber.
37.
Ahighwingaircraftwillbemore.

OptionA.
laterallystablethanalowwingaircraft.

OptionB.
longitudinallystablethanalowwingaircraft.

OptionC.
directionallystablethanalowwingaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. laterallystablethanalowwingaircraft.

Explanation. Duetopendulumeffectofthefuselage,ahighwingaircraftwillbemorelaterallystablethanalowwingaircraft.

QuestionNumber.
38.
Afteranaircrafthasbeendisturbedfromitsstraightandlevelflight,itreturnstoitsoriginalattitude
withasmallamountofdecreasingoscillation.Theaircraftis.

OptionA.
staticallystablebutdynamicallyunstable.
OptionB.
staticallyunstablebutdynamicallystable.
OptionC.
staticallystableanddynamicallystable.

CorrectAnsweris. staticallystableanddynamicallystable.

Explanation. Staticstabilityistheabilityoftheaircrafttoreturntoitsuntrimmedposition.Dynamicstabilityistheabilityofthe
aircrafttonotoscillateaboutthetrimmedposition.

QuestionNumber.
39.
Ifthereisanincreaseofdensity,whateffectwouldtherebeinaerodynamicdampening?.

OptionA.
Decreased.

OptionB.
Increased.

OptionC.
None.
CorrectAnsweris. Increased.

Explanation. Flightforces(andhenceaerodynamicdampening)areallincreasedwithincreasingdensity.

QuestionNumber.
40.
Yawingisarotationaround.

OptionA.
thelateralaxisobtainedbytherudder.

OptionB.
thenormalaxisobtainedbytherudder.

OptionC.
thenormalaxisobtainedbytheelevator.

CorrectAnsweris. thenormalaxisobtainedbytherudder.

Explanation. Yawingisrotationaroundthenormalaxisobtainedbytherudder.

QuestionNumber.
41.
Lateralstabilityisreducedbyincreasing.

OptionA.
dihedral.

OptionB.
sweepback.
OptionC.
anhedral.

CorrectAnsweris. anhedral.

Explanation. Anhedralisadownwardandoutwardinclinationofthewing.Itisoppositetodihedral.

QuestionNumber.
42.
Azimuthstabilityisdependenton.

OptionA.
dihedral.

OptionB.
keelandfin.
OptionC.
tailplane.

CorrectAnsweris. keelandfin.
Explanation. Azimuthisafancywordfor'direction'.

QuestionNumber.
43.
Sweepbackofthewingswill.

OptionA.
increaselateralstabilityathighspeedsonly.
OptionB.
notaffectlateralstability.

OptionC.
increaselateralstabilityatallspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. increaselateralstabilityatallspeeds.
Explanation. 10degreesofsweepbackprovidesthesameeffectas1degreeofdihedral.

QuestionNumber.
44.
Ifyouhaveanaircraftthatismorelaterallystablethendirectionallystableitwilltendto:.

OptionA.
bank.
OptionB.
slip.
OptionC.
skid.
CorrectAnsweris. skid.
Explanation. Skiddingoutofturnsissymptomaticofdutchroll,extraverticalstabilisersareoftenaddedtocorrectthis(Nimrod
MR2).

QuestionNumber.
45.
Acentreofgravitypositionclosetoitsaftlimitwillcausetheaircraftto.

OptionA.
pitchnosedownandincreaseitslongitudinalstability.

OptionB.
pitchnoseupanddecreaseitslongitudinalstability.
OptionC.
pitchnoseupandincreaseitslongitudinalstability.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchnoseupanddecreaseitslongitudinalstability.
Explanation. ACKermodepage145statesthatapitchupwillincreaseAOAandfurtherdestabilisetheaircraft.

QuestionNumber.
46.
Asharplysweptwingwillpromote.

OptionA.
excessivelateralinstability.
OptionB.
excessivelongitudinalstability.

OptionC.
excessivelateralstability.

CorrectAnsweris. excessivelateralstability.

Explanation. Sweptwingfighteraircraftoftenhaveanhedraltopromotegreaterrollrate,whichisneededduetoexcessivestability.

QuestionNumber.
47.
Whichcontrolsurfacesprovidelateralcontrol,alsolongitudinalcontrolandstability?.

OptionA.
Ruddervators.
OptionB.
Tailerons.

OptionC.
Flapperons.
CorrectAnsweris. Tailerons.

Explanation. TaileronsareallmovingtailplanesasfittedtotheTornado".

QuestionNumber.
48.
If,afteradisturbance,anaeroplaneinitiallyreturnstoitsequilibriumstate.

OptionA.
ithasneutralstability.
OptionB.
ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
OptionC.
itisneutrallyunstable.

CorrectAnsweris. ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
Explanation. Questionsaysnothingaboutovershootingandoscillating,soitcouldbedynamicallyunstable,eventhoughitis
staticallystable.

QuestionNumber.
49.
Yawdampersaredesignedto.

OptionA.
preventdutchroll.

OptionB.
assistthepilottomovetherudder.
OptionC.
reducetheeffectofcrabbingduetocrosswinds.

CorrectAnsweris. preventdutchroll.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
50.
Tuckunderoccurswhen.

OptionA.
ashockstalloccursontheoutboardportionofsweptwing.
OptionB.
ashockstallwarningoccursontheinboardpositionofastraightwing.

OptionC.
theaircraftreachesMcrit.

CorrectAnsweris. theaircraftreachesMcrit.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
51.
Thelateralaxisis.

OptionA.
astraightlinethroughtheCGatrightanglestothelongitudinalandlateralaxis.
OptionB.
astraightlinethroughtheCGfromnosetotail.

OptionC.
astraightlinethroughtheCGparalleltoalinejoiningthewingtips.

CorrectAnsweris. astraightlinethroughtheCGparalleltoalinejoiningthewingtips.
Explanation. AstraightlinethroughtheCGparalleltoalinejoiningthewingtip.

QuestionNumber.
52.
Themainfactorswhichaffectlongitudinalstabilityare.
OptionA.
designofthefuselageandpositionoftheCG.

OptionB.
designofthemainplaneandpositionoftheCG.

OptionC.
designofthetailplaneandpositionoftheCG.

CorrectAnsweris. designofthetailplaneandpositionoftheCG.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
53.
AyawingmotionprovideswhatkindofStability?.

OptionA.
Directional.
OptionB.
Lateral.

OptionC.
Longitudinal.
CorrectAnsweris. Directional.
Explanation. Yawingisdirectionalstability.

QuestionNumber.
54.
Wherewouldyoufindthenormalaxis?.

OptionA.
ThroughCofGatrightanglestolongitudinalandlateralaxis.

OptionB.
VerticallythroughCofP.

OptionC.
InlinewiththewingtipsthroughCofG.
CorrectAnsweris. ThroughCofGatrightanglestolongitudinalandlateralaxis.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
55.
Whenaaircraftisinaslideslipandisyawingthe.

OptionA.
thefinwillcorrecttheyawingmotion.

OptionB.
theeffectivekeelareawillmaketheacyawfurtherintothedirectionofthesideslip.

OptionC.
thedihedralwillpreventtheyawmotion.
CorrectAnsweris. theeffectivekeelareawillmaketheacyawfurtherintothedirectionofthesideslip.
Explanation. Page290MechanicsofFlightKermode.

QuestionNumber.
56.
AsaconsequenceoftheCofGbeingclosetoitsaftlimit.

OptionA.
thestickforcestomanoeuvrelongitudinallywillbelowduetolowstability.

OptionB.
thestickforceswillbehighinforeandaftpitch,duetothehighlongitudinalstability.

OptionC.
thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.

CorrectAnsweris. thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.

Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
57.
WiththeCofGonitsforwardlimit.

OptionA.
thechangeincontrolloadingisdependantonthepositionoftheCofP.

OptionB.
controlloadingdecreases.

OptionC.
controlloadingincreases.

CorrectAnsweris. controlloadingincreases.

Explanation. NIL.

08.5.

QuestionNumber.
1.
A'slug'isaunitof.

OptionA.
mass.

OptionB.
density.

OptionC.
volume.

CorrectAnsweris. mass.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
2.
Anundercarriageleginflightproduces3lbsofdragat100kts.Ifspeedisincreasedto200ktsthedrag
wouldbe.

OptionA.
12lbs.
OptionB.
9lbs.
OptionC.
6lbs.
CorrectAnsweris. 12lbs.
Explanation. ProfiledragriseswithVsquared.

QuestionNumber.
3.
Astallwarningdevicemustbesettooperate.

OptionA.
ataspeedjustabovestallingspeed.
OptionB.
ataspeedjustbelowstallingspeed.
OptionC.
atthestallingspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. ataspeedjustabovestallingspeed.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
4.
Incruisetheweightofanaeroplaneisdecreasingasfuelisused.Astallwouldoccur.

OptionA.
atalowerspeed.

OptionB.
atthesamespeed.

OptionC.
atahigherspeed.

CorrectAnsweris. atalowerspeed.

Explanation. Stallspeedincreaseswithincreasingweight.


QuestionNumber.
5.
Thepurposeof'streamlining'istoreduce.

OptionA.
profiledrag.
OptionB.
skinfrictiondrag.

OptionC.
induceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. profiledrag.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
6.
Asheightincreases,withangleofattackandspeedconstant.
OptionA.
liftwillremainconstant.

OptionB.
liftIncreases.
OptionC.
liftdecreases.
CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreases.
Explanation. Thatiswhyagreaterangleofattackisrequiredathigheraltitude.