Ece Gate Paper 25 Answers

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Answer Keys:
General Ability
1
2.5
10
14
Electronics and Communication Engineering
70
2786
8.92
1.59
16
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1.524
20
55
21
22
23
0.2
24
0.52
25
26
27
0.5
28
16.67
29
0.139
30
0.047
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
7.465
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
28.125
46
73.6
47
48
49
0.5
50
10
51
52
821.467
53
2.5
54
55
Explanations:General Ability
1.
A renegade is a disloyal person who betrays or deserts his cause or religion or political party
or friend etc.
2.
The given analogy is name of study: field of study. Gerontology is the branch of science that
deals with the problems of aging. Likewise, otology is the science of ear and its diseases.
4.
All numbers are made up of prime factors. All perfect squares are made up of pairs of primes.
So, in order for 3150y to be a perfect square, it must consist only of pairs of prime factors.
3150 breaks up into 315 * 10 (no primes)
315 breaks up into 5 * 63 (5 is prime, put that aside)
63 breaks up into 7*9 (7 is prime, put that aside)
9 breaks up into 3*3 (both prime, put them aside).
10 breaks up into 2*5 (both prime, put them aside).
So, we've put aside: 5*7*3*3*2*5
writing in order:
2*3*3*5*5*7
Our 3s and 5s are paired off, so we don't need any more of those to create a perfect square.
We have a single 2, so we need a 2.
We have a single 7, so we need a 7.
So, the minimum possible value for y is 2*7 = 14
5.
Assume c=a3
c2 - b2 =127
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(c+b)(c-b) =127
since 127 is a prime number the only possible combination is 1, 127.
since b and c are positive, c+b =127 and c-b =1 solving which we get c=64, b=63
Then a = 4 (since c = a3)
6.
Consider each choice. (A) is possible; for instance, 6 + 7 + 8 = 21. (B) is impossible, so it is
correct. An integer with only even prime factors cannot have 7 as a prime factor; if it doesn't
have 7 as a prime factor, it can't yield an integer when divided by 7.
(C) is possible: If either of the odd integers is 7 or divisible by 7, the result is also divisible by
7. so (E) is possible as well. (B) is the correct choice.
7.
The average of the three variables is (a + b + c)/3. However, we need to solve in terms of a,
which means we must convert b and c into something in terms of a.
We're told that a = (1/4)b, which is equivalent to b = 4a. We can plug that in and simplify the
average to: (a + 4a + c)/3
We also know that c = 7a, which we can plug directly into the average expression:
(a + 4a + 7a)/3 = 12a/3 = 4a, choice (C).
8.
The formula for compound interest is

(final balance) = principal * (1 + (interest rate) / N)^(time * N)
Where N is the number of times the interest is compounded annually
After one year, Ricardo's balance is
final balance = $1,000 * (1 + (.10 / 2))^(1 * 2)
final balance = $1,000 * 1.05^2
final balance = $1,000 * 1.1025
final balance = $1,102.50
After one year, Poonam's balance is
final balance = $1,000 * (1 + (.10 / 1))^(1 * 1)
final balance = $1,000 * (1.10)^1
final balance = $1,000 * 1.10
final balance = $1,100
The difference between the accounts
difference = $1,102.50 - $1,100
difference = $2.50
Electronics and Communication Engineering

1.
xt e
j5 t
u t e j3t u t
x t e j5 t u t e j3t u t
x t e j5 t u t e j3t u t
x cs t
x t x t
2
2
o ; T0
2
1
1
e j5 t e j3t
2
2
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2.
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The characteristic equation is

1+G(S)H(S) = 0
k s 2
s2 s 1
s3-s2+ks2+4ks+4k = 0
R-H criteria
s3
s2
s1
1
k 1
4k
4k
k 1
4k
4k k 2
s0
So, for stability k>0, k>1 and k>2

i.e., k>2
3.
Even no. of complementer will produce the output as input. So,
5.
Reflection coefficient at antenna end
output N
ZL Z0
ZL Z0
Radiation resistance of quarter wave dipole 36.5

So
36.5 25
0.187
36.5 25
Pref P
incident
Ptrans P
incident
1 2
1 100 1
2
So P tran pref
6.
2 2756W

Since,conductivity
1
resistivity
for, puresilicon, e n i n p
where, n electron mobility
p Hole mobility
n i carrier concentration
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1
1.6 1019 1.5 106 3 p p
3500
1
p
1.6 1019 1.5 10 3500 4
p 2.98 108 m 2 V sec
since n =3p
n =3 2.98 108
n 8.92 108 m 2 V sec
7.
Z ABC
Z ABC A B C A B . C
A
Z
Z
C
Minimum 5 2 input NOR gates are required to Realize Z ABC.

8.
Ic1
Ic Ic1 Ic2 1I B 2 I B2
Ic
Ic 1I B 2 I B 1I B
IB
IC2
IB
Ic 1 2 12 IB
4
1.59mA
30 80 30 80
X
IE1 IB2
IE
9.
4
4t f 2
x t 2 sin
0 otherwise
By parsavals energy theorem,
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energy of x t
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1
2
X d
2
4
10.
T0 = 4; 0
1
4 d
2 4
4
8 16
2
T0 2
Fundamental Fourier term a1 cos 0 t b1 sin 0 t

the given signal is even symmetrical b1 = 0
2
1

1 1 cos t
x t cos 0 t dt cos 2 t dt
dt
4 1
2 1
2
2 1
2
a1
a1
12.
1
1
Fundamental Fourier term cos t.

2
2
2
The characteristic equation of A is

A I 0
8 6
2
6 7 4 0
2
4 3
3 182 45 0
0,3,15
The diagonal matrix corresponding to the given matrix consists the eigen values as its
principal diagonal elements
0 0 0
D 0 3 0
0 0 15
13.
An invertible system must satisfy a one-one mapping between input & output
For system 1, if x t 2 & x t 3 the output y(t) = 0.
For system 2, every input gives a unique output
15.
Number of samples in linear convolution = 4+5-1 = 8

If the result of linear convolution is same as circular convolution x[n] and h[n] must have 8
samples
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Number of zeros required for x[n] = 4
Number of zeros required for h[n] = 3

16.
lim (x+1)cot x (1 )
x 0
let y = (x+1)cot x log y = cot x log(x+1)
lim log y = lim cot x .log (x+1) ( 0)

x0
x0
log (x+1)
tan x
1
x+1
= lim
2
x 0 sec x
= lim
x0
0

0
1 (applying L'Hospital Rule)
log e y = 1 y = e
limit value of f(x) at x = 0 is "e"
given that f(x) is continuous at x = 0
limit value at x = 0 function value at x = 0
e K K= e
17.
The parameter value at T = 400k are found as

400
N V 1.04 10
300
N V 1.601 1019 cm 3
32
19
400
kT 0.0259
0.03453eV
300
The hole concentration is given by
p N V e
E V E F kT
p 1.601 1019 e
E F E V kT
p 1.601 1019 e 0.25 0.03453

p 1.148 1016 cm 3
18.
The large value of capacitor is used in a full wave rectifier to increase peak current rating of
the diode and for low conduction period for diode rectifier.
19.
Along ab, d 0
b
A.dl 0, A.dl 0
a
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Along bc, d 0
A.dl 2d
c
A.dl
b
2 2 4.5
Along CD
d 0, 2
A.dl 2 .d
2
3
2
A.dl
6.33
c
3
3 3
d
Along da
d 0
A.dl 2d
A.dl
2
d
2
2
2
A.dl 2.5 6.33 1.524

20.
Output = Y = ABC + BCD + ACD + ABD

=4 units of 3 input gates + 1 unit of 4 input gates
4 10 1 15 55
Minimum cost of implementation is 55/-
22.
Taking Laplace transform of the given equation

sL(y) y(0) 2L(y)
12
s
given y(0) 10
10
12
L(y)
s 2 s(s 2)
Ta king inverse Laplace transform on both sides
10
12
y L1
s 2 s(s 2)
1
1 s 2
10L1
12L
s2
s
10e
2t
12 e 2t dt, Sin ce by inverse Laplaceof division by 's '

0
4e2t 6
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23.
Use superposition principle.
I XI
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I X2
1st short the voltage source.
3
Then IX1 2 1.2A
5
Now, open circuiting the

2A
Current source
We get I X2
5V
5
1A
3 2
IX = IX1 IX2 0.2A
24.
Pe
3
2
3 2 ,
k k
1
s
G pe
k
25.
at large stability G 1
3.14
0.52
6
6
The ac equivalent of the circuit is

Writing KCL
i g m gs
______(1)
i
gs iR 2
______(2)
Substitute (2) in (1)

i g m iR 2
2
R i
gm
26.
gs
D
g m gs
We have
b
(x-a)
dx
converges for P < 1
diverges for P 1
Hence P = 2 The given integral diverges
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27.
1
z
2
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1
2
V1 1I1 2I 2
1
V2 2I1 I 2
..(1)
2
From output side V2 z 0 I 2
..(2)
Sub (2)in (1)
1
z 0 I 2 2I1 I 2
2
1
z 0 I 2 2I1
2
I
Given 2 2 I 2 2I1
I1
1
z 0 2I1 2I1
2
1
1
z0 1 z0
2
2
28.
1
m2 t
Tm
Tm
4
2
0 m t dt Tm
Tm
4
4VP
VP2
V
dt
0 Tm t
3
A2
A2 V2 100 0.5
C m2 t C P
16.67 W
RL
RL 3
50 3
2
Pactual
29.
Given,
Jn
90% 0.90
Jn Jp
Jn e ni2
1
Na
Dn
n 0
J p en i 2
so,
Jn
Jn Jp
5 4.5 3.6
1
Nd
Dp
po
Dn
25
5
0.90
0.90
0.90
Na
Na
Na
Dn
Dp
25
16
5
4
Nd
Nd
Nd
Na
Nd
Na
0.139
Nd
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30.
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Given that
p(X 1.67) 0.04746
0.04746
p(Z 1.67) 0.04746

p(Z 1.67) 0.04746
z0
z 1.67
z 1.67
i.e.,
f (Z)dz 0.05
1.67
1.67
31.
32.
1 z2
e .dz=0.0474 0.05
2
The two networks on both sides of the inductor are not connected to each other completely as
they have no common point between them. So, no current flows through the inductor.
Q3 t 1 S RQ3 Q0 Q0 Q3 Q 0
Q 2 t 1 JQ 2 KQ 2 Q1Q3 Q 2 Q3Q 2 Q3 Q1 Q 2 Q 2 Q3 Q1 Q 2
Q3Q1 Q3Q 2
Q1 t 1 D Q2
Q0 t 1 T Q Q1 Q0 Q1 Q0
Present state
Q3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Q1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Next state
Q0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Q3
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
Q2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Q0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1010
1100
1111
0111
0011
0001
0000
1001
After eight clock pulses counter goes to 0000 state.

10
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33.
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For input voltage, VS 0

Diode D1 is of. i.e., Reverse biased
10V
So, current through D2 is

i
10 0.7
20 20 k
20k
D1
9.3
i
mA
40
D2
VS
i 0.232 mA
D4
D3
20k
and output voltage Vo will be
o 20Ki
o 20 10
0.232 10
20k
O 4.65V
10V
O S for 0 VS 4.65V
For negative values of input voltage, output is juet the negative of positive part.
34.
C(S)
k
= 2
R(S) s + (2+ ak)s+k
Compare with characteristic equation
n = k and 2n = 2 + ak
k 16
2 0.7 4 2 16a a = 0.225
35.
dy y
y
cos 2
dx x
x
2 y
xdy - ydx cos
x dx
y xdy-ydx -dx
sec 2
2
x
x x
y y -dx
sec 2 d
x x x
Given
11
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dx
y y
d c
x
x x
y
tan ln x c
x
put x = 1 , y = tan ln(1) + c

4
4
1 = c
y
tan ln x 1
x
y
1 tan ln x
x
Integrating
sec
1-tan
x= e
36.
Vi min
RL R V
RL
y
x
1.2K 330 20
1200
Vi min 25.5V
IL
VL VZ 20V
16.67 mA
R L R L 1.2K
VL
20V
25.5 Vi max 45.3V
Imax Izm IL 60mA 16.67mA 76.67mA

Vmax IR max R VZ
76.67 103 330 20 25.3 20
25.5V
45.3V
VI
Vi max 45.3V
25.5 Vi 45.3V
37.
Consider
xt
2x t
1
X e jt d
X e
jt
Replace with ' '
12
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2x t
X e
jt
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y t 2x t ; x t is oddsignal
y t 2x t
proportionalityconstant 2
38.
The oscillator circuit given in the figure is BJT

Colpits oscillator circuit
So, the frequency will be
fr
1
2 LCT
CT
Fr
where CT
C1 C2
C1 C2
0.1 0.01 1012

9.09 109 F
0.11 106
1
3
2 50 10 9.09 109
Fr 7.465kHz
39.
For given decision rule, probability of correct reception

Pc P y p, x 0 P y q, x 0 P y r, x 1
P y p / x 0 .P x 0} P y q / x 0. P x 0} P y r / x 1 P x 1}
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.2 0.25 0.7
Thus probability of error = 1 Pc 1 0.7 0.3

40.
The output voltage V0 will be
R
VO VZ 1 1
R2
Where, R1 Resis tan ce connected to emitter.
i.e., 12k
13
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12
V0 6 1 8V
36
V0 8V
PD VCE IC
VCE Vi VO 15 8 7V
IC I E
8
8
0.966mA
10 48
So, PD 7 0.966 6.762W
Now unregulated I/P voltage is increased by 30%
So, Vi 15 15
30
19.5V
100
V0 will remain same
VCE 19.5 8 11.5V

PD 11.5 0.966 11.11 mW
% increase
41.
11.1 6.76
64.29%
6.76
Odd Parity generator is an even function
f1 1 0 x 1 0 1 y
f1 1 x 1 0 1 y
f1 x 1 0 1 y
f1 x 0 1 y
f1 x 1 y
f1 x y
f1 x y
f1 x y
z f
0 f1 zf1
1 1 z
f x, y, z zf1 z f1 z
f x, y, z x y z
14
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42.
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Periodic signal ranges from to . Thus the system must be non-causal.

t
Stability of LTI system
h d
If h t sin 0 t which is a periodic signal then t ,
sin t dt
0
ht
2
0
3
t
0
Thus the system is unstable.
43.
A B C D output q
0 0 0 0
0
1
0 0 0 1
1
0
0 0 1 0
2
0
0 0 1 1
3
0
0 1 0 0
4
0
0 1 0 1
5
0
0 1 1 0
6
0
0 1 1 1
7
0
1 0 0 0
8
1
1 0 0 1
9
0
44.
CD
AB 00 01
00 1 0
01 0 0
11 X X
10 1
11 10
0 0
0 0
X X
X X
q BCD
x t Ax t
x t eAt x 0
15
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t x 0
cos 2t
xt
2sin 2t
sin 2t
2
cos 2t
1 cos 2t
1
2sin 2t
sin 2t
2
cos 2t
y t cx t
cos 2t
2sin 2t
sin 2t
2
cos 2t
y t 2sin 2t cos 2t
45.
Since, potential function V is known, so work done
W Q
may be determined as
Edl VAB
Q
W Q E.dl QVPQ
P
Q VQ VP
10
10
10 5
10 106 Sin900 Cos600 Sin300 Cos1200 10 106 28.125 J
1
16
32 2
46.
The voltage division is the same as it would be for full right circular cylinders. The segment
shown with angle , will have a capacitance / 2 times that of the complete coaxial
capacitor.
2 0 r1 L
C1
2 ln(2.25 / 2.0)
L(1.5 10 10 )(F)
C 2 L(4.2 10 10 )(F)
Q C1V1 C 2 V2 and V1 V2 V
V1
C2
V
C1 C 2
4.2
(100)
1.5 4.2
74 V
16
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47.
1 ae Y e b e
j
H e j
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X e j
b e j
1 ae j
H e j 1; b a b
1
2
1
e j
1
2
Y e
X e j ; X e j
1 j
1 j
1 e
1 e
2
2
j
1
e j
j
2
Y e
1 j 1 j
1 e 1 e
2
2
48.
x t e t u t
X
For
Y
For
1
1 j
2 1 j
2 2 2 j j
2
3

2 2
j0
y
n
Y
e
3
1
n
2 2
1
1 j
2 j
1
d 1
j
f 1
e2t u t
X j
d 2 j 2 j2
By using frequency differentiation property,

f
jte 2t u t
For
2 j
2 j
2te 2t u t
1
k 2
49.
Noise pdf is as shown below

fN n
1
4
s1
s0
17
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Since channel noise is additive, at receiver we receive signal with pdf as shown below:
when s1 is
transmitted
1
4
1
4
when s 0 is
transmitted
Using MAP criteria

1
r 1
16
3
1
P y x 3 P x 3
1 r
16
For finding optimal threshold value
1
r 1 3 3r r 0.5
2
P y x 3
50.
P x 3
Q
VPQ
VPQ E.dl
0
0
2
2 x dx y dy z dz 10 Volts
2
3
1
51.
n i2 NC NV e
NC NV n i2 e
EC EV kT
EC E v kT
1.6 1010 e1.25 0.025

2
NC NV 1.327 1042 cm6

N C m*n
N V m*p
___(1)
32
43 2 , N C 8N V
From equation (2)

8N 2V 1.327 1042
N V 4.07 1020 cm 3 N C 3.26 1021 cm 3
52.
J p, diffusion qDP .
dp
dx
18
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1
8
P' x 1015 exp cm4
L
12
1
8
1015 exp cm4
4
12 10
12
4.278 1017 cm4
J P,diffusion 1.6 1019 12 4.278 1017 821.467 mA / cm2

53.
54.
We need to find the thevenin equivalent resistance (impedance) across RL by removing it.
G 90O tan 1 tan 1 2 tan 1 3

G
K
1
2
42 1
42 1
0, G , G 900
, G 0, G 3600
55.
We know that,
Newton-raphson interation formula to find the reciprocal of
xn
(k 1) Nx nk
K
Putting k=3; N=M; then
k
N is x n 1
x n 1
xn
4 Mx 3n
3
19

Ece Gate Paper 25 Answers

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TarGATE16

ECTest ID: 161275

Electronics and Communication Engineering

ECTest ID: 161275

The formula for compound interest is

Electronics and Communication Engineering

ECTest ID: 161275

The characteristic equation is

So, for stability k>0, k>1 and k>2

Even no. of complementer will produce the output as input. So,

Reflection coefficient at antenna end

Radiation resistance of quarter wave dipole 36.5

ECTest ID: 161275

Minimum 5 2 input NOR gates are required to Realize Z ABC.

ECTest ID: 161275

Fundamental Fourier term a1 cos 0 t b1 sin 0 t

Fundamental Fourier term cos t.

The characteristic equation of A is

Number of samples in linear convolution = 4+5-1 = 8

ECTest ID: 161275

Number of zeros required for x[n] = 4

Number of zeros required for h[n] = 3

lim log y = lim cot x .log (x+1) ( 0)

The parameter value at T = 400k are found as

p 1.601 1019 e 0.25 0.03453

ECTest ID: 161275

A.dl 2.5 6.33 1.524

Output = Y = ABC + BCD + ACD + ABD

Taking Laplace transform of the given equation

12 e 2t dt, Sin ce by inverse Laplaceof division by 's '

ECTest ID: 161275

Use superposition principle.

1st short the voltage source.

Now, open circuiting the

IX = IX1 IX2 0.2A

The ac equivalent of the circuit is

Substitute (2) in (1)

converges for P < 1

ECTest ID: 161275

Sub (2)in (1)

ECTest ID: 161275

p(Z 1.67) 0.04746

After eight clock pulses counter goes to 0000 state.

ECTest ID: 161275

For input voltage, VS 0

So, current through D2 is

and output voltage Vo will be

ECTest ID: 161275

put x = 1 , y = tan ln(1) + c

Imax Izm IL 60mA 16.67mA 76.67mA

76.67 103 330 20 25.3 20

Replace with ' '

ECTest ID: 161275

The oscillator circuit given in the figure is BJT

0.1 0.01 1012

For given decision rule, probability of correct reception

Thus probability of error = 1 Pc 1 0.7 0.3

The output voltage V0 will be

ECTest ID: 161275

So, PD 7 0.966 6.762W

Now unregulated I/P voltage is increased by 30%

V0 will remain same

VCE 19.5 8 11.5V