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HW #06

Due: 03/20/2012

Name:

ES 346

Solution Set

4-8
1 of 13

Problem:
A pistoncylinder device with a set of stops initially contains 0.3 kg of steam at
1.0 MPa and 400C. The location of the stops corresponds to 60 percent of the
initial volume. The steam is cooled until the piston comes to rest on the stops.
Determine the compression work if the final state is 1.0 MPa and 250C, The
device continues to reject heat (the piston remains in fixed position on its stops)
until the pressure in the control volume reaches 500 kPa. Determine the amount
of work done and the temperature at this final state.

Solution:
From Tbl A-6, we can determine the specific volumes for the initial state and the
state where the piston just comes to rest on the stops:

P1 = 1 MPa
3
v 1 = 0.30661 m /kg
T1 = 400C

P2 = 1 MPa
3
v 2 = 0.23275 m /kg
T2 = 250C

Noting that pressure is constant during the process, the boundary work is:
Wb = mP (v 1 v 2 )
kJ
= (0.3 kg)(1000 kPa)(0.30661 0.23275)m 3 /kg
= 22.16kJ
3
kPa m

Ans

As the system continues to cool, the volume of the cylinder at the final state is
60% of initial volume. In this case, the boundary work becomes:
Wb = mP (v 1 0.60v 1 )
kJ
= (0.3 kg)(1000 kPa)(0.30661 (0.60 )0.30661)m 3 /kg
= 36.79kJ
3
kPa m

hw06soln.docx

Ans

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

ES 346

Solution Set

4-8
2 of 13

We can find the temperature at this state by interpolating in Tbl A-5:

T2 = 151.8C
v 2 = (0.60)0.30661m /kg
P2 = 0.5 MPa

Ans

hw06soln.docx

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

Solution Set

ES 346

4-13
3 of 13

Problem:
1-m3 of saturated liquid water at 200C is expanded isothermally in a closed
system until its quality is 80 percent. Determine the total work produced by this
expansion, in kJ.
Solution:
Assume that the process is quasi-equilibrium.
From Tbl A-4:
P1 = P2 = Psat @ 200C = 1554.9 kPa
3

v 1 = v f @ 200C = 0.001157 m kg
v 2 = v f + x(v g v f )
= 0.001157 m
= 0.10200 m

kg

+ 0.80(0.12721 0.001157) m

kg

kg

From the definition of specific volume:


0.10200 m

V 2 = V1

v2
kg
= (1 m 3 )
= 88.16 m 3
3
v1
0.001157 m
kg

Therefore, the work done during the process is:

2
1 kJ
Wb ,out = P dV = P (V 2 V1 ) = (1554.9 kPa)(88.16 1)m 3
= 135.5 10 3 kJ
3
1
1 kPa m

P
(kPa)
1555

88.16

V (m3)
hw06soln.docx

Ans

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

ES 346

Solution Set

4-29
4 of 13

Problem:
A closed system like that shown in Fig. P429E is operated in an adiabatic
manner. First, 15,000 lbfft of work are done by this system. Then, work is
applied to the stirring device to raise the internal energy of the fluid by 10.28 Btu.
Calculate the net increase in the internal energy of this system.

Solution:
Assume that the system is stationary and thus the kinetic and potential energy
changes are zero. Also, assume that there are no work interactions involved and
that the thermal energy stored in the cylinder itself is negligible.
This is a closed system since no mass enters or leaves. The energy balance for
this stationary, closed system is:
E in E out
14
24
3

Net energy transfer


by heat, work, and mass

E system
1
424
3
Change in internal, kinetic,
potential, etc. energies

Win Wout = U

(since KE = PE = 0)

The problem statement gives:

Win = 10.28 Btu


and
Wout = (15,000 lbf ft)

1 Btu
= 19.28 Btu
778.17 lbf ft

Substituting into the energy balance:


Ans

U = Win Wout = 10.28 Btu 19.28 Btu = 9.00 Btu

hw06soln.docx

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

ES 346

Solution Set

4-36
5 of 13

Problem:
A fixed mass of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa is isothermally cooled until it is
a saturated liquid. Calculate the amount of heat rejected during this process, in
kJ/kg.
Solution:
Assume that the cylinder is stationary and thus the kinetic and potential energy
changes are zero. Also, assume that there are no work interactions involved
other than the boundary work and that the thermal energy stored in the cylinder
itself is negligible. Finally, assume that the compression or expansion process is
quasi-equilibrium.
Consider the contents of the cylinder to be the system. This is a closed system
since no mass enters or leaves. The energy balance for this stationary, closed
system can be expressed as:

E in E out
14
24
3

Net energy transfer


by heat, work, and mass

E system
1
424
3
Change in internal, kinetic,
potential, etc. energies

Qout Wb ,out = U = m(u 2 u1 )

(since KE = PE = 0)

Qout = Wb ,out + m(u 2 u1 )


Qout = m(h2 h1 )
Qout = m(h1 h2 )
q out = h1 h2
The process can be shown on a T-V Diagram as follows:
T

v
From the energy balance:
q out = hg h f = h fg @ 300 kPa = 2163.5 kJ

kg

Ans

From Tbl A-5.

hw06soln.docx

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

Name:

ES 346

Solution Set

4-36
6 of 13

Note that the temperature also remains constant during the process and it is the
saturation temperature at 300 kPa, which is 133.5C.

hw06soln.docx

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

ES 346

Solution Set

4-38
7 of 13

Problem:
An insulated pistoncylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a
constant pressure of 175 kPa. Water is stirred by a paddle wheel while a current
of 8 A flows for 45 min through a resistor placed in the water. If one-half of the
liquid is evaporated during this constant-pressure process and the paddle-wheel
work amounts to 400 kJ, determine the voltage of the source. Also, show the
process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines. (Note: electrical power
equals volts X amps.)

Solution:
Assume that the cylinder is stationary and thus the kinetic and potential energy
changes are zero. Assume that the cylinder is well-insulated and thus heat
transfer is negligible. Assume that the thermal energy stored in the cylinder itself
is negligible. Finally, assume that the compression or expansion process is
quasi-equilibrium.
Consider the contents of the cylinder to be the system. This is a closed system
since no mass enters or leaves. The energy balance for this stationary, closed
system can be expressed as:

Ein E out
14
24
3
Net energy transfer
by heat, work, and mass

Esystem
1
424
3
Change in internal, kinetic,
potential, etc. energies

We,in + Wpw,in Wb,out = U

(since Q = KE = PE = 0)

We,in + Wpw,in = m(h2 h1 )


(VIt ) + Wpw,in = m(h2 h1 )
The conversion of the r.h.s of the above equation from terms of internal
energy to enthalpy follows form the definition of enthalpy:
U + W b = H

hw06soln.docx

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

Solution Set

ES 346

4-38
8 of 13

The process can be shown on a P-v process diagram as follows:


P

v
From Tbl A-4 thru A-6, we can determine the properties of the water at the two
states to be:
h1 = h f = 487.01 kJ/kg
P1 = 175 kPa

3
sat.liquid
v 1 = v f = 0.001057 m /kg
P2 = 175 kPa
h2 = h f + x 2 h fg = 487.01 + (0.5)(2213.1) = 1593.6 kJ/kg
x 2 = 0 .5

m=

V1
0.005 m 3
=
= 4.731 kg
v 1 0.001057 m 3 /kg

Substituting into the above energy balance equation:


VIt + (400kJ) = (4.731 kg)(1593.6 487.01)kJ/kg
VIt = 4835 kJ
V =

4835 kJ
VA 1000 W
= 223.8V

60 s W 1 kJ/s
(8 A)(45min )

min

Ans

hw06soln.docx

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

ES 346

Solution Set

4-45
9 of 13

Problem:
0.8-kg of saturated liquid R-134a with an initial temperature of 5C is contained
in a well-insulated, weighted pistoncylinder device. This device contains an
electrical resistor, as shown in Fig. P445, to which 10 volts are applied causing
a current of 2 amperes to flow through the resistor. Determine the time required
for the refrigerant to be converted to a saturated vapor, and the final temperature.

Solution:
Assume that the cylinder is stationary and thus the kinetic and potential energy
changes are zero. Also, assume that there are no work interactions involved
other than the boundary work and that the thermal energy stored in the cylinder
itself is negligible. Finally, assume that the compression or expansion process is
quasi-equilibrium.
Consider the contents of the cylinder to be the system. This is a closed system
since no mass enters or leaves. The energy balance for this stationary, closed
system can be expressed as:
E in E out
14
24
3
Net energy transfer
by heat, work, and mass

E system
1
424
3

Change in internal, kinetic,


potential, etc. energies

We ,in Wb ,out = U = m(u 2 u1 )

(since KE = PE = 0)

We ,in = Wb ,out + m(u 2 u1 )

We ,in = H 2 H 1 = m(h2 h1 ) = mh fg

W& e,in t = mh fg

hw06soln.docx

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

Name:

ES 346

4-45

Solution Set 10 of 13

The electrical power and the enthalpy of vaporization of R-134a are:


W& e,in = VI = (10 V)(2 A) = 20 W
h fg @ 5C = 202.34 kJ/kg (Table A - 11)

Substituting into the energy balance:


(0.020 kJ/s)t = (2 kg)(202.34 kJ/kg)
Ans

t = 8093 s = 2.248hr
The temperature remains constant (see T-V Diag.) during this phase change
process:

Ans

T2 = T1 = 5C

hw06soln.docx

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

ES 346

4-69

Solution Set 11 of 13

Problem:
A student living in a 4-m X 6-m X 6-m dormitory room turns on her 150-W fan
before she leaves the room on a summer day, hoping that the room will be cooler
when she comes back in the evening. Assuming all the doors and windows are
tightly closed and disregarding any heat transfer through the walls and the
windows, determine the temperature in the room when she comes back 10 h
later. Use specific heat values at room temperature, and assume the room to be
at 100 kPa and 15C in the morning when she leaves.

Solution:
Assume that air is an ideal gas since it is at a high temperature and low pressure
relative to its critical point values of -141C and 3.77 MPa. Assume that the
kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible,
From Tbl A-1 & A-2:
R = 0.287 kPa.m3/kg.K
cv = 0.718 kJ/kg.K
Take the room as the system. This is a closed system since the doors and the
windows are said to be tightly closed, and thus no mass crosses the system
boundary during the process. The energy balance for this system can be
expressed as:
Ein E out
14
24
3
Net energy transfer
by heat, work, and mass

E system
1
424
3
Change in internal, kinetic,
potential, etc. energies

We ,in = U
We ,in = m(u 2 u1 ) mcv (T2 T1 )

hw06soln.docx

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

Name:

ES 346

4-69

Solution Set 12 of 13

The mass of air is:

V = 4m 6m 6m = 144 m 3
P1V
(100 kPa)(144 m 3 )
m=
=
= 174.2 kg
RT1 0.287 kPa m 3

(288
K)

kg K

The electrical work done by the fan is:


3600s
We = W& e t = 0.15 kJ (10hr)
= 5400kJ
s

hr
Substituting and using the cv value at room temperature:
(T 15)C
5400kJ = (174.2kg ) 0.718 kJ
kg C 2

T2 = 58.17C

Ans

Note that a fan actually causes the internal temperature of a confined space to
rise. In fact, a 100-W fan supplies a room with as much energy as a 100-W
resistance heater.

hw06soln.docx

Name:

HW #06
Due: 03/20/2012

ES 346

4-72

Solution Set 13 of 13

Problem:
A pistoncylinder device containing argon gas as the system undergoes an
isothermal process from 200 kPa and 100C to 50 kPa. During the process, 1500
kJ of heat is transferred to the system. Determine the mass of this system and
the amount of work produced.
Solution:
Assume that Argon is an ideal gas since it is at a high temperature and low
pressure relative to its critical point values of 151 K and 4.86 MPa. Also, assume
that the kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible, ke pe 0 .
From Tbl A-1: R = 0.2081kJ/kgK
Take the argon enclosed in the device as the system. This is a closed system
since no mass crosses the boundaries of the system. The energy balance for
this system can be expressed as:

Ein Eout
14
24
3
Net energy transfer
by heat, work, and mass

Esystem
1
424
3
Change in internal, kinetic,
potential, etc. energies

Qin Wb ,out = U = mcv (T2 T1 )


Qin Wb ,out = 0

Argon
200 kPa
100C

(since T1 = T2 )

Qin = Wb ,out

Therefore:
Wb ,out = Qin = 1500kJ

Ans

Using the boundary work relation for the isothermal process of an ideal gas:
2

Wb ,out = m Pdv = mRT


1

dv

= mRT ln

P
v2
= mRT ln 1
v1
P2

Solving for the mas:

m=

Wb,out
1500 kJ
=
= 13.94kg
3
P1
200 kPa

kPa

m
(100 + 273)Kln
RT ln
0.2081
kg K
50 kPa
P2

hw06soln.docx

Ans

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