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2013-2015 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Higher efficiency
More spectrum
LTE Unlicensed
Wi-Fi ac/ad/ax
LTE Unlicensed: LTE-U/LAA aggregation with an LTE licensed spectrum anchor, whereas MuLTEfire can operate solely in unlicensed spectrum MuLTEfire is an initiative of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
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Licensed Spectrum
Exclusive use
Unlicensed Spectrum
Shared use
LTE-based technology
without licensed anchor channel
MuLTEfire
Broadening LTE technology and ecosystem to new
deployment opportunities
Downlink only in unlicensed spectrum (SDL). RF specs and coexistence tests defined by LTE-U forum: coexistence and fair sharing can be obtained using techniques such as channel selection and CSAT (Carrier Sensing Adaptive
Transmission). 2 These regions mandate specific access procedures, including Listen Before Talk (LBT),. LAA R14 targets enhancements to support aggregation for both uplink and downlink
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Licensed
400MHz to 3.8GHz
Enhanced user
experience
LTE in
Unlicensed
5 GHz
Unified network
Carrier
Aggregation
Fair coexistence
Venues
Pico/Enterprises
Small Businesses
Residential / Neighborhood
Opportunistic use
Shorter range
Small Cell
MuLTEfire
Neutral host
offload
Dual-connectivity
LTE/Wi-Fi Link
Aggregation
LTE advanced
Carrier Aggregation
802.11ac/ad
MuLTEfire/
Wi-Fi
access
LTE/Wi-Fi
Call Continuity
Wi-Fi
access
802.11ac
MU-MIMO
802.11ad
(WiGig)
>2x
1x
1x
Operator
A
Wi-Fi
Operator
B
Wi-Fi
1x
Operator B switches
Wi-Fi to LTE
in unlicensed
Operator
A
Wi-Fi
Operator
B
LTE in
unlicensed
Gain
(Median throughput)
Minimum requirements
Spectrum regulations
Conformance testing
1 With dynamic channel selection and CSAT - Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell..
2 LAA Licensed Assisted Access, Work item approved in 3GPP R13 June 15. In addition, New RF band support (e.g. 5GHz) needed at both device and small cell
LTE-U Forum
Founding members Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson,
LGE, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Samsung,
Verizon all have stakes in LTE and Wi-Fi
Coexistence specs published March 2nd 2015,
updated June based on feedback, e.g. adding
uplink and VoIP test cases
LTE
Unlicensed
3GPP LAA
Being standardized in 3GPP release 13
for completion 1H 2016 (ASN.1 freeze)
Enhancements planned for release R14
and beyond
3GPP will develop coexistence /
performance requirements and tests
Wi-Fi
Dialogue between 3GPP and IEEE802.11 & WFA throughout the LAA
standards development via presentations & liaison statements
Open industry LAA workshop held 8/29/2015 in Beijing with
presentations from IEEE 802.11, WFA and other key stakeholders
Started dialogue between 3GPP and WFA on coexistence testing
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X12 LTE
FSM9955
LTE
Unlicensed (5 GHz)
Licensed Anchor
LTE/
LTE-U
WTR3950
Carrier
aggregation
WTR3925
LTE
Converged SOC
with CSAT (R 10) based LTE/Wi-Fi fair
coexistence
WTR RF transceiver chips and FSM small cell solutions are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
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CSAT
Hotspot 2.0
FSM9955
UltraSON elCIC1
FSM small cell solutions and UltraSON are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.. 1 eICIC is enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination defined by 3GPP.
12
3
Wi-Fi
802.11ac/ad/ax
LTE-U/LAA
MuLTEfire
LTE
Wi-Fi
4
Committed to LTE Unlicensed,
the Wi-Fi evolution, and LTE Wi-Fi
convergence solutions
13
14
LTE - Wi-Fi link aggregation for existing and new carrier Wi-Fi
Leverages new/existing, also
non-collocated carrier Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Traffic
Link
Aggregation
Unified network
Operator LTE network in full control of Wi-Fi
Better performance
Simultaneously using both LTE & Wi-Fi links
Modem-level aggregation
for superior performance
Work item in 3GPP Rel. 13
LTE Anchor
Licensed Spectrum
Notes: Aggregation on modem level (PDCP level), also leveraging dual connectivity defined inR12; Control over X2-like interface needs to be supported by Wi-Fi AP. No change to LTE & WiFi PHY/MAC. No change to core network
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LTE-U
LAA
Wi-Fi
LTE - Wi-Fi
link aggregation
Enhanced user
experience
Unified
network
Better capacity
and coverage
LTE-U/LAA
carrier aggregation
For new small
cell deployments
Notes: Aggregation at modem-level (PDCP level) is a R13 candidate, (dual connectivity defined in R12 for licensed) ; LTE-U based on R10 for certain countries, defined as LAA R13 for other countries
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APP
APP
HLOS
HTTP
HTTP
HLOS
TCP
Modem
PDCP
Dynamically adapts to
radio/traffic conditions
Work item in 3GPP Rel. 13
Wi-Fi
LTE
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Service Continuity
Faster connections
Link
aggregation
Link Aggregation
Seamless services
More capacity
Optimized Connectivity
Experience (OCE)
Fast
Roaming
Reduced
Overhead
Load
Balancing
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802.11 ac
MU - MIMO
Hotspot 2.0
802.11 ax
Reduced overhead
Load balancing
Today
Optimized
Up to 50% ~2%
Today
Optimized
High Load
Low Load
Management
Overhead
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
19
Notes: Faster roaming: Based on Qualcomm Technologies prototype, in typical conditions, after full authentication with the target operator; Reduced overhead: Scenario such as airport/train stations/conferences (100s of users), 4 to 16 APs visible per STA, 2.4GHz band, 1 Mbps management traffic
5 GHz
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
802.11ac
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Densification
Better capacityespecially in
dense scenarios
802.11n
2.4GHz
Outdoor deployments
Backward compatible
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COEXISTENCE
MANAGER
CARRIER
SERVICES
SPECTRUM
INTEGRATION
Faster
connections
LTE-A
Seamless
services
11ac/ad/ax
Optimized
connection
Interference
mitigation
Data offload/handoff,
VoLTE and VT
interworking
LTE-U,
LTE-Wi-Fi
aggregation
Spectrum &
network
efficiency
INCREASING CONVERGENCE
Qualcomm Snapdragon
21
22
MuLTEfire
4G LTE-like performance
23
Venues
Enterprises
Small Businesses
Residential / Neighborhood
Unlicensed Spectrum
Self-contained
Neutral host
24
Fixed broadband
Leverage
deployment assets
Customer relationships
25
Fixed broadband/ISP
Also for own MVNO or ISP
service offering
Enterprises
Venues
Also to enhance venue
experiencefree or fee
Mobile operators
E.g. if licensed spectrum is not
available at certain locations
Offload agreements
with Mobile operators
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Unlicensed
(5 GHz)
Carrier
aggregation
LTE &
LTE-U/LAA
Licensed Anchor
LTE Unlicensed
small cell
and LAA R-13 will be downlink only. Both TDD or FDD aggregation is possible with SDL; 2 Target for R14 LAA using TDD + TDD aggregation, or FDD + TDD aggregation using TDD for unlicensed spectrum
operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model. 12x40MHz @ 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum; LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eICIC enabled;
LTE-U LAA R13, 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; Wi-Fi - 802.11ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM).
3Assumptions: Two
29
4/x
16/2
29/16
3/x
27/27
14/3
6/x
15/9
LTE / Wi-Fi
5GHz access point
9/1
35/27
LTE Thrpt ( Mbps) / Wi-Fi Thrpt ( Mbps)
Source: Qualcomm Research. Example from our LTE Unlicensed testing in San Diego to validate coverage and performance advantages.
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*
5.33
GHz
UNII-2
5250-5350 MHz
120 MHz
could be available
in e.g. the US4/EU3
20
MHz
5.49
GHz
*
5.71
GHz
20
MHz
5.735
GHz
5.835
GHz
LTE-U will use UNII-1 & UNII-3 (200MHz ) per LTE-U forum
LAA expected to cover additional 5 GHz bands
1 Channel 120, 124 and 128 (5.6-5.65 GHz) currently not permitted in the US. 2 5725MHz-5850MHz has been assigned to ISM services in China 3 Study of 5350MHz-5470MHz and 5725MHz-5925MHz use for license exempt is being planned in EU.
4 5470-5650 MHz in Korea* These 5GHz channels typically require DFS, Dynamic Frequency Selection
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........
20
MHz
for deployments in USA, Korea, India etc. using 3GPP Rel. 10/11/12
for deployments in Europe, Japan and beyond using 3GPP Rel. 13 LAA
Variable on, max 10ms continuously
Wi-Fi medium
utilization estimation
3
1 CSAT
2 Part
Up to 500 MHz
available
20
MHz
LTE
is on
LTE
is off
LTE
is on
LTE
is off
Time
Sensing channel
availability per CCA
Time
- Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell Meeting regulatory requirements, in addition ensures fairness as defined by LTE-U forum
of 3GPP Rel 13, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) for regions with specific access procedures and CCA Clear Channel Assessment, aka Listen Before Talk (LBT)
32
Going beyond Listen Before Talk (LBT) for fair sharing with Wi-Fi
For Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) deployments using 3GPP Rel. 13
Adaptive ON 1ms to 10ms
based on loadsimilar to CSAT
LTE
OFF
LTE
ON
LTE
OFF
Sensing channel
availability per LBT
LTE
ON
LTE
ON
LTE
ON
LTE
ON
Time
33
LAA Rel. 13
Live Demo
Operator 1
Operator 2
All sites
LTE + Wi-Fi
Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum
34
LAA Rel. 13
Live Demo
LAA
LAA
Operator 1
Operator 2
Operator 1:
still on Wii-Fi
Wi-Fi performance
not adversely
affected
Operator 2:
One site changed
to LTE Unlicensed
~ 2x Improvement
Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum
35
20
MHz
5.33
GHz
5.49
GHz
*
5.835
GHz
UNII-2
5250-5350 MHz
Licensed spectrum
F1
Supplemental
downlink
Downlink
Uplink
LTE OFF
From 10ms to 100ms timeframe
Initially and
periodically: Sensing
channel utilization
LTE-U estimates # of active
Wi-Fi APs and determines
utilization1
LTE-U
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
LTE ON
LTE OFF
LTE ON
reads Wi-Fi preamble to determine # of Wi-Fi APs and their usage; 2.Proportional time , here 2/6th of time is the upper limit for LTE ON.
Time
37
38
Wi-Fi performance
improved
7 Wi-Fi + 1 Wi-Fi
7 Wi-Fi + 1 LTE-U
6 Wi-Fi + 2 LTE-U
4 Wi-Fi + 4 LTE-U
Average throughput
Target AP with
LTE-U
LTE-U
(6.7 Mbps)
Wi-Fi
(3.3 Mbps)
Target AP with
Wi-Fi
8 Wi-Fi + 1 Wi-Fi
8 Wi-Fi + 1 LTE-U
Target AP
40
41
42
Stress Test:
8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U
Baseline:
8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi
Vendor B
Vendor A
Wi-Fi vendor B
more aggressive
Wi-Fi vendor A
less aggressive
Vendor A and B enterprise grade Wi-Fi APs with controller. 8 Aps with test APWi-Fi or LTE-U
43
Vendor A
8X
Wi-Fi
with
Vendor B
8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi
6.5
8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U
6.5
8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi
3.9
8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U
4.9
or
Wi-Fi
LTE-U
Mix of
vendor A/B
8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi
5.8
8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U
5.8
LTE-U maintains
overall Wi-Fi
performance
APs
5 top-selling
retail APs
determined from top
industry magazines
and online-retailers
Throughput (Mbps)
AP 1
AP 2
AP 3
AP 4
AP 1
AP 2
AP 3
AP 4
Aggregate
(Mbps)
40.9
3.9
5.6
3.4
53.7
19.4
8.2
7.4
12.9
47.9
3.7
2.2
3.6
49.8
59.3
4.8
4.6
40.8
4.7
54.9
3.9
49.0
2.4
4.3
59.6
Product diversity of 5 OEMs and 3 chipset-vendors. One common STA (11ac, 1x1) a top-selling mobile-device used for all cases
45
Wi-Fi
with
Wi-Fi
W in 1W+1W
W in 1W+1L
L in 1W+1L
Wide variation in
Wi-Fi to Wi-Fi sharing
0.7
0.6
CDF
Or
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
LTE-U
with
Wi-Fi
0.1
0
0
Testing pair-wise airtime sharing across 4 Wi-Fi AP models and between Wi-Fi/LTE-U Points
corresponding to all 4 Wi-Fi AP models
10
20
30
40
50
Percentage
60
70
80
90
46
Building WC
Building WB
LTE-U eNB
Wi-Fi AP1
(Above CCA-ED)
Wi-Fi AP2
(Below CCA-ED)
Note: Wi-Fi AP 1 is above CCA-ED (CCA energy detect level at -62dBm where Wi-Fi backs off for other non-Wi0Di users). and Wi-Fi AP 2 is below CCA-ED,, which is used for some of the following test to show that LTE-U CSAT works well below Wi-Fis ED
47
Downlink
(Max one-way delay)
Wi-Fi + Wi-Wi
Wi-Fi + LTE-U
Uplink
Wi-Fi + Wi-Wi
Wi-Fi + LTE-U
40ms
LTE ON
48ms
42ms
Packet loss
rate
No change
0%
No change
0%
Increased
to 0.76%
Increased
to 0.08%
40ms
50ms
Compliant with
WFAs requirements1
40ms
LTE OFF
LTE ON
Time
48
Wi-Fi
Energy Detect
Threshold for backing off to LTE-U
Example
-62dbm1
Example
-82dbm1
LTE-U
LTE-U design will ensure fair sharing
with Wi-Fi below ED level, e.g. with
Wi-Fi network listen
Example
-90dbm1
49
30.2
48
Wi-Fi
with
Wi-Fi
Vendor B
Or
LTE-U
with
34.5
52.6
Wi-Fi
Vendor C
30.0
37.9
Wi-Fi
with
with
23.7
24.1
Wi-Fi
Vendor B
Or
LTE-U
30.7
28.0
Wi-Fi
Vendor C
LTE-U is a good
neighbor to Wi-Fi
20.2
25.2
Wi-Fi
with
Wi-Fi
Vendor B
Or
LTE-U
with
Wi-Fi
Vendor C
20.6
36.8
34.8
33.5
LTE-U is a good
neighbor to Wi-Fi
39.2
37.2
3
LTE-U/LAA
Wi-Fi
MuLTEfire
LTE-U
Forum
3GPP
Extensive collaboration on
coexistence across mobile and
Wi-Fi industries.
2
LTE
Wi-Fi
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BLOG
www.qualcomm.com/news/onq
@Qualcomm_tech
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp
http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution
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www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
2013-2015 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. MuLTEfire and UltraSon are trademarks of Qualcomm
Incorporated. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units within the
Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomms engineering, research and de velopment functions, and substantially all of its
product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.
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