Rajdhani Express

19th June to 22nd June 2015

15
Rajdhani Express

Introduction: Rajdhani Express is a passenger train service,

offered by the Indian
Railways, operating
between New Delhi and other important destinations, especially
state capitals.
Rajdhani Express was introduced in 1969, for providing fast
connections (up to 140 km/h or 87 mph, speed variation depending
upon the particular track section) from New Delhi to the capital
cities of various states in India. The first Rajdhani Express left New
Delhi station for Howrah station to cover a distance of 1,445 km in
17 hours 20 minutes.
This superfast train service get highest priority on the Indian
railway network. They are fully air-conditioned. Passengers are
served complimentary meals during the journey. Depending on the
duration and timings of the journey, these could include Morning
Tea, breakfast, lunch, high tea, and dinner.
Presently the technology used in these trains has been obtained
from Germany, with each individual coach built and exported by
LINKE-HOFMAN & BUSCH (known as the LHB coaches).The newest
coaches are said to be manufactured by a German company
ALSTOM.
This superfast train service runs on electric locomotives drawing
power from overhead 25 kV lines with the help of Pantographs.
However power required for lighting, heating, air conditioning
purposes is generated using Diesel Generator sets(known as D.G
sets), implementing EOG(End on Generation) with two power cars
at the two ends of the train.
All Rajdhani Express trains offer three classes of accommodation:
AC First Class with 2- or 4-berth lockable bedrooms, AC 2-tier with
open berths (bays of 4 berths + 2 berths on the other side of the
corridor) with curtains for privacy, and AC 3-tier (bays of 6 berths +
2 berths on the side) with curtains for privacy (according to recent
directive the curtains in all 3 tier accommodations have been
removed).
Power scheme in Rajdhani Express:
required for AC. system,

The entire power

16
Rajdhani Express

lighting system, Pantry Car

power is delivered by the DG sets established in the Power
Car. The DG. sets produce 750 V. 3 phase AC. power for low
transmission loss. The 750 V. AC. power then dropped down to
415 V. 3 phase AC. power by two 60 KVA. transformers for two
DG sets. This 415 V. AC. power go to metering and control
section.
According to original German designing the
generated 750 V. AC. power go to two 60 KVA. transformer by
two feeders from two DG sets. Then the voltage is dropped
down to 415 V. and transmitted to the Roof Extractor sets and
Radiator Motor sets by one branch from each transformer
secondary and another two branches of the two transformers
joined together and then supplies power to the other loads.
According to the RCF designing there are two 60 KVA. step
down transformers, connected with the 750 V. generated by
the two alternators by primary side and the secondary of the
transformers carrying 415 V. AC. are connected to the Roof
Extractor sets and Radiator Motor sets. Other branches from
the DG sets carrying 750 V. AC are joined together and then
they are connected to a 60 KVA. transformer. The output of
this transformer, 415 V AC. then transmitted to the other
loads. Now the 415 V. three phase AC. supply is directly
connected to the RBC, EBC, AC Plant, Exhaust Fan and Water
Pumps. A phase to neutral, 220 V. from this 415 V. three
phase supply is connected to a 1 KVA. transformer (Lighting
Transformer) and through a 220 V. single phase AC. to 24 V
DC. converter the starting batteries the Self Starter sets
(through a Starter Motor Isolating Switch) are connected to
the 415 V supply. The RBC converts the 415 V. AC. to 110 V.
DC. and is connected to a 110 V. 70 AH. Battery set by one
branch of its output. The another branch of its output and
the output of EBC is connected together which supplies 110 V.
DC. to Anti Skid Device, Light Controlling Device, Emergency
Lights, MVR. , Back Light, Air Conditioning system etc. This
110 V. DC. is connected to a 110 V. DC. to 24 V. DC. converter.
The output of this converter, 24 V. DC. supplies Sanitary
Control System, Fire Control Circuit, Fire Sensors, Loud
Speakers and UIC Remote Control. The output of the Lighting
Transformer supplies 110 V. AC. to the lights and the Electric
Razors.

17
Rajdhani Express

The power scheme of the AC Hot Buffet Car (Pantry Car) is

different. There are two Feeder from the two DG sets carrying
750 V. AC. power which supplies power to the coaches and to
the Pantry Car. Two 60 KVA. transformers are connected to the
two feeders separately. There are two Insulation Control 240/
415 V. Transformers, connected to secondaries of the two 60
KVA. transformers. The local main of 415 V. AC. is connected
by switch to the secondary of 60 KVA. transformer (T 1
which is connected to feeder 1). The 415 V. three phase bus
bar coming from the T 1 is directly connected to the RBC,
EBC and to the two Water Pumps. The single phase 220 V.
supply from this 415 V. bus bar is connected to the AC Unit 1,
Exhaust Fan, Electric Burner 3, Water Filter, Electric Chimney
1 and 2, Electric Burner 1 which are two in number, Cold
Dispensers, two OTGs. The one branch of RBC (Supplies 110
V. DC. from 415 V. AC.) is connected to the 110 V. and 70 AH.
Battery set. The another branch of the RBC is connected to
the output of the EBC and this supplies 110 V. DC. to the
Pump Control (in new coach), Anti Skid Device, Light Control,
Emergency Light, AC Unit etc. From this 110 V. DC. a 110 V.
DC. to 24 V. DC. Converter is connected and it supplies pump
control (in old coach), Sanitary, Loud Speakers and UIC
Control. The 60 KVA. transformer (T 2) connected with the
feeder 2 supplies 415 V. three phase AC. to the bus bar 2. This
supplies Electric Chimney 2, Insect Killer, AC Unit 2, Hot
Dispenser, Electric Burner 4, Electric Burner 2, Fridge etc.
There are two connections from two 415 V. bus bars (Bus Bar
1 and Bus Bar 2) connected by a switch with a 1 KVA. (220/
110 V. AC.) transformer. The secondary of this transformer
supplies the lights and Electric Razors. The Schematic
diagram of the Power Scheme is depicted under Pantry Car
article.

The components used in the power supply system in Rajdhani

Express,

18
Rajdhani Express

Diesel Generator (DG ) set (2 in each power car ) comprising

diesel generator and an alternator coupled together.
Reactor
Inter Vehicular coupling (known as Z-S coupler ) between
coaches.
Transformers
Disconnecting and Earthing Device
Battery Box

DG set coupled with alternator in Power Car or

Generator Car: Each Power car has two diesel engines
coupled with alternators for power generation. Each alternator
produce 750 V ac supply ,with a capacity to provide approx.
385 ampere current .Each coach requires about 40 ampere
current .Generally the efficiency is around 80% so about 300
amperes can be used .
Diesel Engine: The Diesel engines are manufactured by
Cotton-Greaves .The engine provides the mechanical energy
required to rotate the alternator shaft for electrical power
generation. Each engine produces 496 BHP of mechanical
energy.

19
Rajdhani Express

20
Rajdhani Express

21
Rajdhani Express

Alternator:
The alternator is coupled with the diesel
engine .Each power car has two alternators. The alternator
specifications are given bellow.
Specifications of Alternator:
Maker
Frame
KVA.
EXTR.
R.P.M.
Volts
AMPS.
EXTN.
EXTN.
Frequency
Phase
P.F.
Connection
Cooling temperature

KIRLOSKER
ELECTRIC CO.
LTD
4AB355/7
A
A.C.
750V
385A
280V
1.5A
Hz.

The
voltage
required
for usage
for
the

3
0.8
Y
55 degree

C.
appliances in the coaches is 415 V. But the alternator generates
more voltage because there are transmission losses from the
power car to the coaches.

22
Rajdhani Express

DG set coupled with Alternator in the Power Car of

Rajdhani Express

Inductive Reactor:
The power generated in an ideal
alternator is totally sinusoidal without any unwanted surges
and other harmonics .Only the primary harmonics present in
the signal. Among them the odd order harmonics specially the
3rd order harmonics can damage the electrical equipment
severely. The reactor is used to remove these unwanted
signals and provide pure sinusoidal signal.

23
Rajdhani Express

Reactor specifications :
Maker
Volts.
Ampere
Frequency
Phase
Insulation class
Insulation level
Type of cooling
Max.
temperature
rise
Core and winding
Total weight

KERALA
ELECTRICAL
AND ALLIED ENGG. CO.
LTD.
125 V.
50 A.
1
CLASS H
AC 3
AN
degree C.
60 kg.
110 kg.

Inter- vehicular coupling: The power generated at the

power car alternator is supplied to the coaches via intervehicular coupling or Z-S coupling.
The fixed transmission lines are not used in the supply
system. Because if any of
the coaches is needed to
be
removed
for
maintenance or some
other purpose then the
transmission line is to be
cut, which is not a good
operation. At the time of
coach removal, coupling is
opened and the coach is
disconnected from the
supply. At the time of
maintenance the coupling is connected to the dummy
connector at the coaches.
Inter
vehicular - coupling

24
Rajdhani Express

Disconnecting and Earthing device: While maintenance

all the live supplies are to be removed and switched off. While
starting the maintenance the device disconnects all supplies
and after the job completion the device connects the coach to
the supply.

Disconnecting and Earthing Device

Battery box: Under each coach there is a battery box. This

is used for back up supply to the coaches. Each box supplies
110V DC. Each box contains 9 batteries and each battery
supplies 12.2 V DC. The batteries are charged by regulated
battery chargers (RBC) in side of each coach. If somehow this
unit fails to charge the battery the Emergency Battery
Charger (EBC) charges the battery.
Operation of RBC and EBC :
Regulated battery charger can sense the battery condition
whether it is to be charged in the float mode (fully charged) or
in boost mode (discharged below a certain level). Thereby it
chooses the charging voltage. RBC consists of a rectifier and a
step down chopper circuit. Rectifier unit converts 415V, 3
phase 50 Hz AC to 130V DC and step down chopper i.e. the
DC to DC converter converts 110V to 24V.
In float mode the battery set of LHB EOG coach gets charged
with a voltage of 121.5V i.e. 13.5V per mono block and in
boost mode it gets charged with 128.5V 129V.

25
Rajdhani Express

When RBC fails to operate Emergency Battery Charger starts

to operate giving a constant supply of 115V 118V to the
batteries.

When EBC also fails we can observe the backup time for other
components from MVR (Minimum Voltage Relay) fail to
operate then the contact no. 8 gets opened instantly,
resulting in turning off the PA system and the Music system.
After next 30 minutes of the failure the contact no. 9 gets
opened resulting in turning off the water pump system.
After next 8 minutes of turning of the water pump system the
contact no. 10 gets opened resulting turning off the lighting
circuit.

Battery Box

Transformer: The power generated in the alternator is 750V.

This is much higher than the required value. The Transformers
are used to step down the voltage level to 415V AC. The
transformers are located under the coaches. Under each

26
Rajdhani Express

coach there is one transformer to supply power (excluding

pantry cars which have three transformers for each coach).
Specification of 60 KVA. Transformer:

Maker
Input
Output
Capacity
Frequency
Impendence
Line Amp.
Output
Weight
Vector connection
Vector type

Vimal Transformer
Corporation
750 V. AC.
V. AC
KVA.
50 Hz.
<4 %
46.2 A.
83.2 A.
<440 kg.
Yy0
Primary : Star
Secondary : Star

There is a 60 KVA. transformer in the Power Car to step down the

produced 750 V. to 415 V. to run the blower fans.
There is a transformer under each coach which steps down the 230
V. (Phase to neutral) to 110 V. AC. for the fluorescent lamps in the
coaches.
There are again step down transformers which transforms 110 V.
AC. to 12 V. AC. Then the 12 V. AC. is converted to 12 V. DC. for
charging the batteries.

27
Rajdhani Express

60 KVA. Transformer under the coach

Transformer in the Power Car

60 KVA.

Water Pumps: The 750V AC coming from the alternators is

stepped down to 3 phase 415V AC by the 60 KVA transformer.
This 415V AC drives two centrifugal pumps located in a
stainless steel casing at the under frame supply the water to
the tanks. One of the 415 V pumps is always kept running,
while the other is kept on standby for 4 hours maximum. After
4 hours a microcontroller switches the operation to the other
pump.
These
supply
water in the
coaches.

28
Rajdhani Express

Water Pumps set under the coach

29
Rajdhani Express

The coach configuration

Rajdhani Express:

of

Sealdah-

New

Delhi

Almost every Rajdhani Express offers three classes of

accommodation,
First class AC with 2 or 4 berth lockable bedrooms
AC 2 tire with open berth with curtains for privacy
AC 3 tire with curtains for privacy

The Rajdhani Express contains 20 coaches in total. The

coaches are as below,
Coach
First AC
AC Two Tire
AC Three Tire
Pantry Car
Generator Car

Number of
coach
1
3
12
2
2

Coach no.
H1
A1 A3
B1 B12
PC
EOG

The coach configuration is given bellow,

Rake/Coach Composition:
LOCO-EOG-H1-PC-A3-A2-A1-B12-B11-B10-B9-B8-B7-B6-B5-B4-B3B2-B1-PC-EOG

30
Rajdhani Express

Linke - Hofmann - Busch Coaches: Linke Hofmann Busch

(LHB) coaches are

31
Rajdhani Express

the passenger compartments of Indian Railways that have

been developed by Linke-Hofmann-Busch of Germany
(renamed Alstom LHB GmbH in 1998 after the takeover by
Alstom) and produced by Rail Coach Factory in Kapurthala,
India. The coaches are designed for an operating speed up to
160 km/h and could go up to 200 km/h. However, they have
been tested up to 180 km/h. Their length of 23.54m and a
width of 3.24m means a higher passenger capacity, compared
to conventional rakes. The tare weight of the AC chair car was
weighed as 39.5 Tons. They are considered to be "antitelescopic", which means they do not get turned over or flip in
case of a collision (chiefly head-on). These coaches are made
of stainless steel and the interiors are made of aluminium
which make them lighter as compared to conventional rakes.
Each coach also has an "advanced pneumatic disc brake
system" for efficient braking at higher speeds, "modular
interiors" that integrate lighting into ceiling and luggage racks
with wider windows. The improved suspension system of LHB
coaches ensures more riding comfort for the passengers
compared to conventional rakes. The air conditioning system
of the LHB coaches is of higher capacity compared to the
older rakes and is controlled by a microprocessor which is said
to give passengers better comfort than the older coaches
during summer and winter seasons. They are relatively
quieter as each coach can produce a maximum noise level of
60 decibels while conventional coaches can produce 100
decibels. Each LHB coach costs between Rs. 15 million to
20 million, whereas the power car which houses a generator
costs about 30 million.
LHB coach of
Rajdhani Express

32
Rajdhani Express

33
Rajdhani Express

First Class AC coach:

The train has only one first class AC coach.
This may contain 2 berths or 3 berths system.
The coach has controllable music system. The announcement
and the music volume can be regulated in the first class
compartment.
The first class coach does not have any bottle cooler or
freezer.
AC Two Tire and Three Tire coach:
The train has 3 AC 2 tier and 10 AC 3 tier coaches.
Each coach gets its own power supply from the transformer
below them.
The 3 tier (6+2 berth) and the 2 tier (4+2 berth) coaches
have their own controlling and safety units at the ends of the
coaches.
Each coach is provided with music system and announcement
system which is controlled from the panels at the end.
Each coach has its own storage selection for food and water.
For this purpose 2 deep freezers, 2 bottle coolers and 2 hot
cases are provided. This unit is operated by the compressors
and the blower motors of its own mounted below this unit.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)
AC (i)First (ii)Two and (iii)Three Tire coach
Pantry Car: The pantry car is the coach to supply food to the
passengers and the staff members. There are two pantry cars

34
Rajdhani Express

at the two ends of the train after the power cars. The different
components of the pantry car are given bellow.

Equipment
Description
Deep Freezer,
230ltr
Bottle cooler
90ltr
Hot case 140
meals
Insect killers
Oven toaster Grill
Water boiler1
Water boiler2
Water boiler1

Load
(Watt)
400

Quantity
1

Total load
(Watt)
400

200

200

1600

1600

20
1200
2000/30
00
2000/30
00
2000/30
00
2000
2000
2000
2000
300

2
1
1

40
1200
2000/3000

2000/3000

2000/3000

Electric burner 1
2
Electric burner 2
1
Electric burner 3
1
Electric burner 4
1
Refrigerator, 310
1
ltr
Electric chimney 300
1
1
Electric chimney 300
1
2
Electric chimney 300
1
3
Total load (watt) with 2000 Watt water
boiler
Total load (watt) with 3000 Watt water
boiler

4000
2000
2000
2000
300
300
300
300
28540
31540

35
Rajdhani Express

Due to all these high rating equipments are housed in the

pantry car, it requires more electric supply than other
coaches.
Due to the operation of the heater,
water boiler and other high loading
elements there are much more risk
for fire hazards. To deal with this
problem the Smoke Detector is
kept mounted in the ceiling of the
car connected with alarm system.
The smoke detector has a simple
thermostat
switch
that
automatically switches on the
alarm under critical conditions.

Smoke Detector and Alarm

36
Rajdhani Express

37
Rajdhani Express

Various Pantry Car Equipments:

1. Deep Freezer 2. Bottle Cooler 3. Hot Case 4. Insect killer
5. Water Boiler
6. Refrigerator 7. Electric Burner 8. Electric Chimney

Air Conditioning system:

Principle of Operation of the AC System:
The airconditioning process maintains a constant climatic condition
by controlling temperature, humidity, cleanliness, noise and
air motion. The air-conditioning system includes both
refrigeration and heating.
The refrigerating system depends for its action of the
following principles,
Latent principle: Any substance in passing from the liquid
to gaseous state absorbs at constant temperature s specific
quantum of heat known as the latent heat of evaporation and
gives up latent heat on passing from gaseous to liquid state.

38
Rajdhani Express

Application: Evaporator and Condenser.

39
Rajdhani Express

40
Rajdhani Express

Expansion principle: When a gas expands without external

heat exchange it temperature falls and when it is compressed
without external heat exchange its temperature decreases.
The air-conditioning system adopted in air-conditioned
coaches work on
mechanical compression system and
consists of the following,
Evaporator unit consisting of cooling coil(heat exchanger),
heater and motor-driven blower unit.
Thermostatic expansion valve.
Motor-driven compressor.
Air cooled condenser (with cooling fan driven by motor)
Liquid receiver and dehydrator.
Refrigerant piping for conveying the refrigerant(R-134A).

The Refrigeration Cycle: A typical refrigeration cycle in an

air-conditioned coach can be represented also in a pressure
enthalpy diagram as in figure. The refrigerant gas at low
pressure (represented by point C) is compressed to point D.
The compression process elevates the pressure from 37
psi(maximum 46 psi) to 150 psi(maximum 180 psi). The
compression of the gas also heats up the gas to a superheat
condition. The gas at the compressor outlet is superheat and
latent heat are removed at constant pressure , the refrigerant
reaching the point A at the end of this part of the cycle. The
line A-B represents the expansion that takes place in the
expansion valve while the line B-C represents the refrigeration
effect that is obtained in evaporator.
Apart from cooling, the air conditioning equipment is also
required to provide heating when the outside temperature
varies from 400 C to 200 C .The cooling and heating will nave
be necessarily automatic by means of thermostatic controls
incorporated in the unit. RDSO specification also lays down
that the equipment shall admit fresh air at the rate of 0.35
metro cube per minute per passenger in the non-smoking
area and 0.7 meter cube per minute per passenger in the
case of compartments where smoking is permitted.

41
Rajdhani Express

Description of various components of Air -Conditioning

System:
Evaporator unit:
The evaporator unit consists of a
thermostatic expansion valve, a heat exchanger, a resistanceheating unit and a centrifugal blower driven by a motor. The
function of the thermostatic expansion valve is to allow the
compressed refrigerant liquid to expand to a lower pressure
corresponding to the load demand. The expanded refrigerant
passes through a heat exchanger; the heat in the air is
transferred to the refrigerant causing the cooling of the air
and the evaporation of the refrigerant inside the tubes. The
cooled air is led through the ducting to the various
compartments and diffused by means of air diffusers. Fresh
air is drawn through filters to eliminate dust and is mixed with
the return air in the plenum on the inlet side of the
evaporator. Similarly, the return air filters so that the dust
contained air in the return air is extracted. When the outside
ambient is very low and when the refrigeration is not required,
the heater is switched on according to the setting of
thermostat.
Expansion valve: The primary function of the expansion
value is to control the quantity of liquid refrigerant admitted
into the cooling coils of the evaporator.. The expansion valve
admits more refrigerant when the air conditioning load is
high, and reduces it to the minimum when the load is low.If
the airconditioning load varies greatly the superheat may be
set between 101 O F to 150O F.
Compressor:
The refrigerants vapour drawn from the
evaporator is compressed by means of a multi cylinder
reciprocating compressor. The work done due to compression
raises the temperature of the refrigerant vapour.

42
Rajdhani Express

Condenser: The condenser serves the function of extracting

the heat absorbed by the refrigerant vapour in the evaporator
and the heat absorbed during the compression process. The
condenser consists of a heat exchanger, which is force-cooled
by means of two or three axial flow blower fans. The
refrigerant vapour is cooled at constant pressure by means of
the air blown over the finned tubes and liquefied. The
refrigerant liquid leaving the condenser is led into the liquid
receiver from where it proceeds to the expansion valve on the
evaporator. The liquid receiver is a cylindrical container which
contains a reserve of the refrigerant liquid. A dehydrator and
filter are also provided to ensure that the refrigerant is free
from moisture and dust particles.
High Pressure cut-out:
The high pressure cut-out is
essentially a safety device against build up of excessive
delivery pressure and protects the compressor and piping
system from damage. I t is a pressure operative switch which
switches off the compressor drive motor when the pressure
exceeds a preset valve.
Low Pressure cut-out: This is also a pressure operated
switch similar to the high pressure cut-out switch, but is shuts
down the compressor if the suction pressure drops down
below 10 psi gauge. It protects the system against unduly low
evaporator temperatures and formation of frost on the
evaporator.
Dehydrator and Filter: Water vapor or moisture will cause
trouble in any refrigeration system. The moisture may freeze
and block the expansion valve orifice, and.
also cause
corrosion in working parts. This is best achieved by subjecting
the system of vacuum for 2 or 3 days. The dehydrator is
another drying device containing
Silica gel or other similar drying agent inserted in the
refrigerant load for removing moisture from the refrigerant
while in operation. It should be provided atleast temperature
when the installation is brought into operation to remove any
moisture in the piping system.

43
Rajdhani Express

Refrigeration piping: The refrigerant piping consist of the

suction line(from the evaporator outlet to the compressor
inlet) and the discharge line(from the compressor outlet to the
condenser inlet), and liquid line(from the liquid receiver to the
inlet side of the expansion valve). Connections to the gauge
panel from the compressor delivery side(high pressure side),
low pressure side and from the compressor crankcase, the
lubricating oil connections, are also part of the piping system,
only copper pipes are used for refrigerant piping.
AC Control Panel: The control of the airconditiong system is
achieved by means of Air conditioning Control Panel.
AC Control Panel Components and their functions:
Evaporator Fan Motor Proving Relay:
The prevents
energisation of the compressor motor and condenser motor or
Heater till trio evaporator motor (16) comes ON and blows
air into the duct through the evaporator coil. This relay works
in conjunction with a Vone Switch provided in trio air circuit.
If the evaporator blower motor supply fails or the motor does
not run, the compressor motor and the condenser
motors/Heater will get switched OFF by this relay.
Low Voltage Relay: This will trip to stop the compressor
motor
and
condenser motors/heater, and prevent them from starting by
cutting off the supply to their control circuit if the voltage of
the battery is below 100 and reset when battery voltage rises
to 102 V. The relay is provides with a build-in time delay f 5
seconds, to avoid nuisance tripping.
Cooling Pilot Relay: Acts as an electrical link between the
cooling thermostats and the control circuit of the compressor
and condenser. This is energized by electronic triggering set
off by heat thermostat.
Heating Pilot Relay: Acts as an electrical link between the
heating thermostats and the control circuit of heater. This is
energized by electronic triggering set off by thermostats.

44
Rajdhani Express

Main Control Switch: This is the control switch for starting

or shutting down the plant. This has got provision to select
blower only, LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH temperature setting.
Oil pressure Cut-out Switch: This protect the compressor
against lubrication failure either due to lesser oil oil pump
failure or blocking of oil piping, and acts in conjuction with
thermal cut-out to shut down the compressor only if the low
oil pressure persists.
Low pressure cut out: A pressure switch to protect against
working of compressor with low suction pressure due to loss
of Freon gas or other reasons. This switch has been connected
by means of copper piping to the suction header of the
compressor.
High pressure cut out: A pressure switch to shut down the
compressor when compressor discharge pressure is too high.
The switch has been connected to the compressor discharge
header by means of copper piping.
Pilot lights: These lights indicate respectively normalcy oh
the mains , blower fan motor, compressor motor, heater and
normal voltage. Indications are now by LEDs.

Comparison of roof mounted

conventional under frame Hung:
Basis
of
comparison
Weight
Installation Time
Refrigerant
Charge
System design

Roof
mounted
AC system
900 Kg
4 Hrs
R-22
monochlorodia
fluoro methane
Less than 3.0 kg
Hermetically
sealed

A.C

system

Under Frame
Hung
2700Kg
4 days
R-134a tetra
fluoro ethane
15- 20 kg
Open

with

45
Rajdhani Express

Roof leak
potential
Power supply
Damage due to
Cattle run
Damage due to
flash floods
Performance

Nil

Enormous

AC.
Nil

Nil
Heavy

Nil

Heavy

Excellent

Technology
Water drop on

Latest
Nil

Fresh air
Capacity control
Down time for
repairs

From roof
25%-100%
4 hrs

Deteriorates
quickly due to
dust collection
under coach
Old and obsolete
Passengers at
end
Takes from toilet
50- 100%
Very long repair
required