Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Research Article
A Novel Metamaterial MIMO Antenna with
High Isolation for WLAN Applications
Nguyen Khac Kiem,1 Huynh Nguyen Bao Phuong,2
Quang Ngoc Hieu,3 and Dao Ngoc Chien4
1
1. Introduction
Recently, social demand on multimedia communication has
been rapidly increasing resulting in development of modern
wireless communication systems such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and
3G/4G. Along with these applications, modern antennas are
required to have small size and light weight. However, the
typical antennas are usually large in size due to the operating
wavelength, so they are difficult to meet the requirements
of modern antennas. There are several techniques used to
decrease the size of antenna, such as incorporating a shorting
pin in a microstrip patch [1], using short circuit [2], and
cutting slots in radiating patch [3, 4], by partially filled
high permittivity substrate [5] or by Fractal microstrip patch
configuration [6]. Besides, transmission line metamaterial
(TL-MM) [7] is one of the methods that provides a conceptual
Metallic
patch
LR
LR
LL
CL
CR
LL
Metallic
via
CR
Metallic
ground
(a)
(b)
CL1
L R1 /2
L R1 /2
CR1
L L1
L LA
(c)
Figure 1: CRLH transmission line: (a) mushroom-like EBG model, (b) equivalent circuit of unit cell, and (c) equivalent circuit of proposed
metamaterial antenna.
l3
Metallic via
l1
s2
s1
l2
l5
L6
l4
L2
L1
X
Z
L3
Y
L4
Top
Bottom
Top
Bottom
(a)
(b)
Figure 2: Configuration of the proposed antennas: (a) single metamaterial antenna and (b) metamaterial MIMO antenna.
8 mm
0.5 mm
2.8 mm
4
5
1
10.5 mm
6.7 mm
6 mm
1
2
0.42 mm
0.3 mm
1
2( L1 + LA ) R1
(1)
1
2
5 mm
2.5 mm
6 mm
3
4
6
12 mm
1 mm
0.5 mm
2.5 mm
10
10
S11 (dB)
S11 (dB)
20
20
30
30
40
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Frequency (GHz)
2.6
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Frequency (GHz)
2.75 mm
2.95 mm
2.35 mm
2.55 mm
40
2.2
0.30 mm
0.35 mm
0.20 mm
0.25 mm
(a)
(b)
Figure 3: Simulated 11 of single metamaterial antenna for different values of (a) 3 and (b) 2 .
Jsurf (A/m)
S11 (dB)
10
Proposed
antenna
20
Unloaded
antenna
30
40
4
5
Frequency (GHz)
Unloaded antenna
Proposed antenna
1.0000e + 002
9.2911e + 001
8.5822e + 001
7.8732e + 001
7.1643e + 001
6.4554e + 001
5.7465e + 001
5.0376e + 001
4.3286e + 001
3.6197e + 001
2.9108e + 001
2.2019e + 001
1.4930e + 001
7.8405e + 000
7.5131e 001
330
30
S11
10
300
60
20
270
90
20
S-parameters (dB)
10
20
30
40
10
240
S21
120
50
2.2
0
210
2.3
150
180
Figure 6: Simulated radiation pattern of single metamaterial antenna at center frequency of 2.44 GHz.
0
5
S11 (dB)
10
15
20
25
30
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.7
Without DGS
With dual slots
With full DGS
E-plane
H-plane
35
2.2
2.4
Frequency (GHz)
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Frequency (GHz)
Simulated
Measured
S-parameters (dB)
10
20
30
40
50
2.2
S21
2.3
2.4
2.5
Frequency (GHz)
2.6
2.7
1 mm
3 mm
5 mm
Figure 9: Simulated -parameters of full DGS MIMO antenna for different values of .
Jsurf (A/m)
Jsurf (A/m)
5.0000e + 001
4.6439e + 001
4.2879e + 001
3.9318e + 001
3.5758e + 001
3.2197e + 001
2.8637e + 001
2.5076e + 001
2.1515e + 001
1.7955e + 001
1.4394e + 001
1.0834e + 001
7.2730e + 000
3.7124e + 000
1.5185e 001
5.0000e + 001
4.6439e + 001
4.2879e + 001
3.9318e + 001
3.5758e + 001
3.2197e + 001
2.8637e + 001
2.5076e + 001
2.1515e + 001
1.7955e + 001
1.4394e + 001
1.0834e + 001
7.2730e + 000
3.7124e + 000
1.5185e 001
(a)
(b)
Jsurf (A/m)
5.0000e + 001
4.6429e + 001
4.2857e + 001
3.9286e + 001
3.5714e + 001
3.2143e + 001
2.8571e + 001
2.5000e + 001
2.1429e + 001
1.7857e + 001
1.4286e + 001
1.0714e + 001
7.1429e + 000
3.5714e + 000
0.0000e + 000
(c)
Figure 10: Surface current distribution at 2.44 GHz on metamaterial MIMO antenna (a) without DGS and (b) with the implementation of
dual slots and (c) with full DGS.
330
0
20
40
20
30
300
20
90
270
120
210
40
20
30
270
20
90
240
120
210
180
xy plane
180
330
0
60
300
150
330
0
60
240
40
20
30
300
60
90
270
120
240
150
210
180
yz plane
150
xz plane
(a)
330
0
20
40
20
0
30
300
60
270
20
90
120
240
210
180
xy plane
150
40
20
0
330
30
300
60
20
90
270
120
240
210
180
150
330
40
20
Gain
Gain
30
300
60
270
90
120
240
210
yz plane
Gain
Gain
180
150
xz plane
Gain
Gain
(b)
Figure 11: Radiation patterns of proposed metamaterial MIMO antenna at central frequency of 2.44 GHz when (a) excited Port 1 and (b)
excited Port 2.
100
90
80
(a)
70
60
50
40
(b)
30
20
2.2
2.4
2.5
Frequency (GHz)
2.6
2.7
0
S11
10
20
S-parameters (dB)
S-parameters (dB)
10
S21
30
40
2.2
S11
20
30
40
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
50
2.2
S21
2.3
Frequency (GHz)
Simulated
Measured
2.4
2.5
Frequency (GHz)
2.6
2.7
Simulated
Measured
(a)
(b)
Figure 14: Simulated and measured -parameters of (a) initial MIMO antenna and (b) final MIMO antenna.
22
11 12 + 21
=
(2)
2 2
2 2 .
(1 11 21 ) (1 22 12 )
The calculated ECC of proposed antenna by using the
simulated and measured -parameters is shown in Figure 15.
From this figure, the proposed MIMO antenna has the
simulated ECC lower than 0.01, while the measured one has
lower than 0.02 over the operating frequencies. Therefore, the
0.04
0.03
ECC
0.02
0.01
0.00
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Frequency (GHz)
2.6
2.7
Simulated
Measured
4. Conclusions
The compact 2 2 metamaterial MIMO antenna is designed
to operate in WLAN frequency band. By using the modified CRLH model, the proposed metamaterial antenna
achieves 60% size reduction in comparison with the unloaded
antenna. The defected ground structures are inserted to
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests
regarding the publication of this paper.
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