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The adult colon, also called the large intestine, is about 5 feet long. Its job is to absorb water and salts from partially digested food that enters from the small intestine and then
send waste out of the body. Sometimes, because of congenital abnormalities or problems that develop with age, it doesnt do that last part so well.
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If you have a congenital abnormality, you have already gotten medical advice on voiding your colon, so this article is directed to the people who occasionally get into constipation
problems.
This is not to say that constipation is a minor problem. It may be caused by an anatomic problem, an obstruction such as a tumor, that can be corrected only by surgery. Anatomic
problems can block the passage of food through the digestive system. Some problems can become life-threatening. Symptoms of anatomic problems include abdominal pain,
abdominal distension, vomiting, and diarrhea or constipation. Should constipation persist for more than a few days, or if there is significant pain associated with it, you would be
well advised to see a doctor about it.
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metabolism results in less intestinal activity and muscle tone. In addition, people often become constipated when traveling, because their normal diet and daily routine are
disrupted.
Diseases that cause constipation include multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, stroke, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, uremia, lupus, scleroderma, intestinal obstruction, scar
tissue (adhesions), diverticulosis, tumors, colorectal stricture, cancer, and pelvic floor dysfunction.
Laxatives
Laxatives work in one of several ways:
Bulk-forming laxatives are fiber supplements that absorb water in the intestine and make the stool softer. Brand names include Metamucil and Citrucel. These agents must
be taken with water or they can cause obstruction.
Stimulants like Dulcolax and Senokot cause rhythmic muscle contractions in the intestines. The FDA has proposed a ban on the possibly carcinogen, phenolphthalein,
which is an ingredient in some stimulant laxatives. Most laxative makers have replaced, or plan to replace, phenolphthalein with a safer ingredient.
Osmotics like Sorbitol cause fluids to flow in a special way through the colon, resulting in bowel distention. They are not recommended for diabetics.
Stool softeners, for example, Colace, moisten the stool and prevent dehydration. Prolonged use may result in an electrolyte imbalance.
Lubricants grease the stool and typically stimulate a bowel movement within 8 hours.
Saline laxatives act like a sponge to draw water into the colon for easier passage of stool. Brand names include Milk of Magnesia and Haleys M-O. Saline laxatives are
used to treat acute constipation if there is no indication of bowel obstruction.
Chloride channel activators such as Amitiza increase intestinal fluid and motility and can be safely used for up to 6 to 12 months.
Serotonin agonists help the muscles in the intestines work correctly when a slow-moving digestive system is caused by low levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter found in
the digestive tract.
Lifestyle Changes
Other non-laxative, useful therapies include:
Put more fiber in your diet. Fiberboth soluble and insolubleis the part of fruits, vegetables, and grains that the body cannot digest. Soluble fiber dissolves easily in
water and takes on a soft, gel-like texture in the intestines. Insoluble fiber, like that found in bran and psyllium, passes through the intestines almost unchanged. A diet high
in fats, such as cheese, eggs, and meats, is counter-productive. Fiber is even more important among the elderly, yet the elderly tend to temp constipation through the
consumption of low-fiber, easy-to-prepare processed cheap meals.
Drinking more. Although increased fluid intake does not necessarily help relieve constipation, it does help some people. Liquids add fluid to the colon and bulk to stools,
making bowel movements softer and easier to pass. People who have problems with constipation should try to drink liquids every day.
Avoiding alcohol and caffeinated beverages, such as coffee and cola drinks, which will worsen ones symptoms through dehydration.
Getting more physical activity. Low activity is an especially common cause of constipation, although doctors do not know precisely why. Its thought to be one of the
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Enemas
In cases where the bowel becomes impacted, an enema may be recommended in conjunction with a dose of mineral oil to soften the stool. A doctor may then insert one or two
fingers into the anus to break up and remove part of the hardened stool.
One more treatment for intestinal blockage (and, according to its advocates, about 3,000 other diseases) is called high colonic irrigation. It consists of sticking a modified hose
nozzle into the patients rectum, then alternately pumping in water and pumping it out. The treatment is looked upon by most physicians with serious disdain, seeing it as an
expensive enema.
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