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Introduction
Nursing is both a science and art. the uniqueness of nursing, like that of any other
science, lies in the phenomenon central to its focus.
Nurses long established concern with the people and the world they live is in a natural
forerunner of an organized abstract system encompassing people and the environments.
The irreducible nature of individuals is different from the sum of the parts.
The integral ness of people and the environment that coordinate with a multidimensional
universe of open systems points to a new paradigm :the identity of nursing as a science.
The purpose of nurses is to promote health and well-being for all persons wherever they
are.
The development of the abstract system was strongly influenced by an early grounding in
arts and background of science and her keen interest in space
The science of unitary human beings originated as a synthesis of facts and ideas from
multiple sources of knowledge
system
Overview of Rogerian model
Rogers model provides the way of viewing the unitary human being
The unitary human being and the environment are one ,not dichotomous
Nursing focus on people and the manifestations that emerge from the mutual human
/environmental field process
Change of pattern and organization of the human field and the environmental field is
propagated by waves
The manifestations of the field patterning that emerge are observable events
Basic characteristics which describes the life process of human :energy field, openness,
pattern, and pan dimensionality
Basic concepts include unitary human being ,environment, and homeodynamic principles
Energy field
The energy field is the fundamental unit of both the living and nonliving
This energy field "provide a way to perceive people and environment as irreducible
wholes"
Openness
The human field and the environmental field are constantly exchanging their energy
There are no boundaries or barrier that inhibit energy flow between fields
Pattern
Pan dimensionality
The parameters that human use in language to describe events are arbitrary.
The people has the capacity to participate knowingly and probabilistically in the process
of change
Environment
The field coexist and are integral. Manifestation emerge from this field and are perceived.
Health
Rogers defined health as an expression of the life process; they are the "characteristics
and behavior emerging out of the mutual, simultaneous interaction of the human and
environmental fields"
The multiple events taking place along life's axis denote the extent to which man is
achieving his maximum health potential and very in their expressions from greatest
health to those conditions which are incompatible with the maintaining life process
Nursing
Nursing exists to serve people..it is the direct and overriding responsibility to the
society
The safe practice of nursing depends on the nature and amount of scientific nursing
knowledge the individual brings to practice.the imaginative, intellectual judgment
with which such knowledge is made in service to the man kind
Homeodynamic principles
The principles of homeodynamic postulates the way of perceiving unitary human beings
Resonancy
Helicy
integrality
Resonance
Helicy
Helicy describes the unpredictable, but continuous, nonlinear evolution of energy fields
as evidenced by non repeating rhythmicties
Integrality
Integrality cover the mutual, continuous relationship of the human energy field and the
environmental field .
Changes occur by by the continuous repatterning of the human and environmental fields
by resonance waves
The fields are one and integrated but unique to each other
Rogerian theories
Rogerian theories-Grand theories
This theory focus on the explanations for precognition, djvu, clairvoyance, telepathy,
and therapeutic touch
Theory postulates that evolutionary change is speeding up and that the range of diversity
of life process is widening. Rogers explained that higher wave frequencies are associated
with accelerating human development
Theory of Rhythmicity
Theory deals with the manifestations of the whole unitary man as changes in human sleep
wake patterns, indices of human field motion, perception of time passing, and other
rhythmic development
Nursing is the study of unitary. Irreducible, indivisible human and environmental energy
fields
The art of nursing involves the imaginative and creative use of nursing knowledge
The purpose of nurses is to promote health and well-being for all person and groups
wherever they are using the art and science of nursing
Rogers challenges nurses to consider nursing needs of all people ,including future
generation of space kind ;as life continuous to evolve from earth to space and beyond.
Her view provides a different world view that encompasses a practice of nursing for the
present time and for the imagined and for the yet to be imagined future
Rogers was one of the first nurse scholars to explicitly identify the person (unitary man)
as the central phenomena of nursing concern
Nursing abstract system is a matrix of concepts relevant to the life process in man
Rogers conceptual system provides a body of knowledge in nursing that will have
relevance for all workers concerned with people, but with special relevance for nurses;
because it matters to human beings; consequently to nurses
The utilization of Rogerian model is used as a guide for theory development, research,
nursing education, and in the direct patient care practice
The phenomena to be studied are unitary human beings and their environmental
interaction
Study participants may be any person or group, with the provision that both person and
environment are taken into account
Research methodology
Experimental researches are questionable because she rejects the notion of causality
Case study and longitudinal research are better than cross sectional study
Research instruments that are directly derived from science of unitary human beings
should be used
Nursing programs
Masters program
Doctoral program
Emphasis on laboratory study- the lab setting include homes, schools, industry, clinics,
hospitals, other places where people lives
Leaders must be visionary and willing to embrace innovative and creative change
Leaders should be able to identify the patterning to ensure the integrated behaviors for
client and employees
She proposes the independent role in various setting like school, industry, community,
space (by 2050AD)
SETTINGS
School
Industry
Family
Community
Space
SPECIALITIES
Pediatrics
Psychiatry
Oncology
Burns
Geriatrics
Neurology
Cardiology
Rehabilitative medicine
Neonatal ICU
Pediatric ICU
Rehabilitation center
Burns unit
Adult ICUs
Neuropsychiatric units
To assist both the client and nurse to increase their awareness of their own rhythm
Legitimate participants
People of all ages both as individual human energy fields and group energy fields
Assessment
Evaluation
Pattern appraisal
Evaluation
Self reflection
Patterning activities
Personal appraisal
Nursing process
Assessment
Areas of assessment
Supplementary data
Subsystem pathology
Pattern appraisal
Sharing knowledge
Offering choices
Fostering patterning
Evaluation
Nutrition
Work/leisure activities
Exercise
Relationships
Discomfort or pain
Fear /hopes
Radha is a 22years old female admitted in a psychiatry unit with severe depression secondary to
diagnosis of ovarian malignancy
She becomes tearful during history taking
Radha is accompanied with her husband and 1year old child
Her husband appeared anxious but supportive and attentive he is working as an
With rogerian model, the process of caring Radha begins with pattern appraisal
Pattern appraisal
Patterning has to be directed towards reduction in perceived dissonance with her personal
and environmental field
Radha has manifestation of fear.her self knowledge links her illness to her personal
belief of being punished for her past sins
Appraisal is needed in her sleep patterns, nutrition and her perception of self
Appraisal can be grouped into exchanging patterns, communication patterns, and relating
patterns
During the process nurse must rely on personal intuition and insight regarding the
emerging pattern
Mutual patterning
Patterning activities planned by the nurse for Radha ..therapeutic touch, humor ,
meditation, imagery
Radha needs to be assessed fully regarding her ability to understand and agree with
different patterning modalities
Touch is introduced and incorporated into the management of pain, helps in energy
transmission for healing and .helps in developing trust in the nurse
Teach her how to center the energy and channel her energy to the area of pain
Use humor for increasing socialization and developing self confidence and developing
worthiness
Human environmental patterning needs to involve the other individual who share her
environment including husband and son
Evaluation
The evaluation process centers on the perceptions of dissonance that exist after the
mutual pattern activities
Manifestation of worry, pain, fear, sadness of moos has to be appraised with family
members
A summary of the dissonance and/or harmony that is perceived is then shared with
Radha, and mutual patterning is modified or instituted ad indicated based on the
evaluation
Summary
Rogerian terminologies
Rogerian theories
Clinical example
References
1. George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed.
Norwalk, Appleton & Lange.
2. Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia.
Lippincott Williams& wilkins.
3. Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development & Progress 3rd ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott.
4. Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art & Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott.
5. Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992) Fundamentals Of Nursing Concepts Process &
Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book.