Taurus 97 Diagnostico Electronico

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS
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1997 Ford Taurus
ARTICLE BEGINNING
1997-98 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
AX4N Electronic Controls
Continental, Sable, Taurus, Taurus SHO
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *

NOTE:
For AX4N transaxle mechanical testing and repair, see Ford

AX4N overhaul article.
NOTE:
To ensure AX4N application, transaxle may be identified by

AX4N stamped on side cover.
INTRODUCTION
The first step in diagnosing any driveability problem is
verifying the customer's complaint with a test drive under the
conditions the problem reportedly occurred. Before entering selfdiagnostics, perform a careful and complete visual inspection. Most
transmission control problems result from mechanical breakdowns or
poor electrical connections.
NOTE:
Perform all voltage tests with a Digital Volt-Ohmmeter

(DVOM) with a minimum 10-megohm input impedance, unless
stated otherwise in test procedure.
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION

Input signals from sensors are sent to the Powertrain Control
Module (PCM). The PCM controls shift or converter clutch application.
The PCM can also determine line pressure needed to optimize shift
feel.
Five electronic solenoids accomplish the following functions:
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*
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3 On/Off solenoids for shifting.

One Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM) solenoid for Torque Converter
Clutch (TCC) control.
One Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) solenoid for line
pressure control.
PCM has built-in self-diagnosis, fail-safe code and warning

code display for the main input sensors and solenoid valves.
PCM LOCATION
PCM LOCATION
Friday, November 25, 2005 03:19PM
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Model
Location
Continental, Sable & Taurus
..................... Rt. Side Of Engine

Compartment, In Cowl.
INPUT SENSORS
Air Conditioning Clutch (A/C Clutch)
On factory installed A/C system, PCM receives signal voltage
from A/C Clutch switch indication that the air conditioning compressor
clutch is engaged. The PCM uses the A/C Clutch switch signal to adjust
line pressure to compensate for additional engine load. If the A/C
Clutch switch fails with closed contacts, line pressure will be
slightly low with air conditioning off. If the A/C Clutch switch fails
with open contacts, line pressure will be slightly higher with air
conditioning on.
NOTE:
Brake On/Off (BOO) switch may also be known as Brake Pedal

Position (BPP) switch.
Brake On/Off (BOO) Switch

The PCM receives a signal from the BOO switch when the brake
switch is operated. Torque converter clutch is disengaged when brakes
are applied. Malfunctioning switch will affect torque converter
operation.
Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor & Electronic Ignition (EI)
The CKP sensor sends crankshaft position information to the
PCM. Signal received by the PCM affects line pressure, shift
scheduling, torque converter clutch and WOT shift control. Engine
speed signal malfunction may result in harsh engagements, harsh
shifts, no TCC lock-up and/or late WOT shifts.
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
Engine temperature signal is sent to PCM. Malfunctioning ECT
will affect torque converter clutch operation.
Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
The IAT sensor monitors intake air temperature and sends
signal to PCM to adjust air/fuel mixture and EPC pressure. IAT sensor
malfunction will affect EPC pressure causing firm or soft shifts.
Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
The MAF signal is used for Electronic Pressure Control (EPC),
shift and TCC operation and MAF malfunction will affect these areas.
Transmission Control Switch (TCS) & Transmission Control
Indicator Light (TCIL)
Switch is mounted on shift lever handle. Switch sends a
signal to PCM. The PCM turns on TCIL and toggles Shift Solenoid 3
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(SS3), disabling 4th gear. Malfunction of switch will cause lack of

4th disable function.
Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
The TFT sensor is located on solenoid valve body. The PCM
monitors voltage across the TFT thermistor to determine transaxle
fluid temperature. Depending on temperature, PCM controls line
pressure, shift scheduling and TCC operation. Malfunction of sensor
will cause incorrect line pressure and possible lack of TCC operation.
Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
The TP sensor is a potentiometer mounted to the engine
throttle body. The PCM receives a signal from TP sensor relaying
throttle plate position. TP sensor failure will cause PCM to operate
in fail safe mode and raise line pressure to prevent transaxle damage.
This condition will result in harsh engagements, firm shift feel,
abnormal shift schedule and TCC not engaging or cycling.
Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
The TR sensor is an analog type on 1997 models and 1998 3.0L
(4V) and SHO models. Digital type sensor is installed on 1998 models
except 3.0L (4V) and SHO models. The PCM monitors a series of step
down resistors in TR sensor that act as a voltage divider. The voltage
signal corresponds with position of transaxle range selector lever.
The TR sensor also contains neutral/start and backup light circuits.
Malfunction of TR sensor may cause harsh engagements and firm shift
feel. Improper shifting or shift selection and no engine cranking may
also result.
Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
The TSS is a magnetic pickup that sends turbine shaft speed
signal to PCM. Malfunction of sensor may cause harsh engagements of
shifts. Lack of 4th gear or no engine braking in 2nd or 3rd gear may
result.
Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
The VSS is a magnetic pickup that sends output speed signal
to the PCM. Malfunction of sensor may cause harsh engagements of
shifts. Lack of 4th gear, TCC lock-up, or engine braking in 2nd or 3rd
gear may result.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
The EPC solenoid receives signal from the PCM to control line
pressure and backout valve function. If EPC fails, transaxle is
operated in fail-safe mode. Line pressure is at maximum psi. Harsh
engagements and shifts will result.
Solenoid Valve Body Assembly
1) The solenoid valve body assembly contains Electronic
Pressure Control (EPC) solenoid, Shift Solenoid No. 1 (SS1), Shift
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Solenoid No. 2 (SS2), Shift Solenoid No. 3 (SS3) and Torque Converter
Clutch (TCC) solenoid. The shift solenoids are used for electronic
shift scheduling. See SOLENOID OPERATION TABLE.
SOLENOID OPERATION TABLE
Gear Position
SS1
SS2
SS3
Park ....................
Reverse .................
Neutral .................
Overdrive
OD1 ....................
OD2 ....................
OD3 .....................
OD4 .....................
"D"
D1 .....................
D2 .....................
D3 ......................
"2"
"2" ....................
"3" (1) .................
"1"
"1" ....................
"2" (1) ................
"3" (1) .................
Off
Off
Off
..........
..........
..........
On
On
On
................
................
................
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
On
On
.......... On
......... Off
......... Off
.......... On
................ Off
................ Off
................. On
................. On
Off
Off
On
.......... On
......... Off
......... Off
................
................
................
Off
Off
Off
Off
On
.........
.........
Off
Off
................
................
Off
Off
Off
Off
On
.......... On
......... Off
......... Off
................
................
................
Off
Off
Off
(1) - Transmission will not downshift from higher gear until vehicle
speed drops below calibrated speed.
2) When shift solenoid is always off, failure could be due to

the PCM and/or vehicle wiring malfunction, and/or solenoid stuck in
off position electrically, hydraulically or mechanically. For shift
symptoms,see Fig. 1.
3) When shift solenoid is always on, failure could be due to
the PCM and/or vehicle wiring malfunction, and/or solenoid stuck in on
position electrically, hydraulically or mechanically. For shift
symptoms,see Fig. 2.
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Fig. 1: Shift Solenoid Always Off Failure Charts

Courtesy of Ford Motor Co.
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Fig. 2: Shift Solenoid Always On Failure Charts

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Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid

The TCC receives signal from the PCM. The TCC controls
application, modulation and release of torque converter clutch. If
solenoid fails in ON position, vehicle engine will run rough (shudder)
and engine stalls in Drive at low idle speeds (2nd, 3rd or 4th gear).
If solenoid fails in OFF position, torque converter clutch will not
engage.
PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
VISUAL INSPECTION
Visually inspect all electrical wiring, looking for chafed,
stretched, cut or pinched wiring. Check for non-factory installed
equipment wired into transaxle or PCM harness. Ensure electrical
connectors fit tightly and are not corroded. Ensure vacuum hoses are
properly routed and are not pinched or cut. Inspect air induction
system for possible vacuum leaks. Check PCM, sensors and actuators for
physical damage. Check engine coolant level. Check transmission fluid
level and condition.
NOTE:
For engine-related DTCs, see appropriate G - TESTS W/CODES

article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section. DTCs that pertain to
engine performance must be repaired first, as engine
performance and related component signals will affect
transmission operation and diagnosis.
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
DIAGNOSTIC FORMATS
QUICK TEST and PINPOINT TESTS are diagnostic formats used to
test and service EEC-V system. QUICK TEST allows technician to
identify problems and retrieve Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs).
PINPOINT TESTS check circuits and solenoids of transaxle system.
Before starting any PINPOINT TEST, follow all steps under
QUICK TEST to find correct PINPOINT TEST. If vehicle passes QUICK TEST
and no driveability symptoms or intermittent faults exist, EEC-V
system is okay.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)

During QUICK
retrieved: KOEO, KOER
self-test procedures.
have been recorded or
TEST, 3 types of diagnostic trouble codes are

and Continuous Memory codes. See QUICK TEST for
Codes may be cleared from PCM memory after they
repaired. See CLEARING CODES.
KOEO & KOER Codes (Hard Faults)

These codes indicate faults are present at time of testing. A
hard fault may cause CHECK ENGINE or Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL)
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to go on and remain on until fault is repaired. If KOEO or KOER codes

are retrieved during KOEO SELF-TEST or KOER SELF-TEST, use CODE
REFERENCE TABLE to find correct testing and repair procedures.
Continuous Memory Codes (Intermittent Faults)
These codes are used to diagnose intermittent problems.
Continuous Memory Codes are retrieved after KOEO SELF-TEST. These
codes indicate a fault that may or may not be present at time of
testing.
After noting and/or repairing fault, clear codes from memory.
See CLEARING CODES. Intermittent faults may be caused by a sensor,
connector or wiring-related problem.
CAUTION: Continuous Memory Codes should be recorded when retrieved.
These codes may be used to identify intermittent problems
that exist after all KOEO and KOER codes have been repaired.
Some Continuous Memory Code faults may not be valid after
KOEO and KOER codes are serviced.
RETRIEVING CODES
Fault codes are retrieved from EEC-V system through Data Link
Connector (DLC). DLC is located below instrument panel, to right of
steering wheel. Self-diagnostic test procedures are for use with New
Generation Star (NGS) scan tester. If an aftermarket scan tool is
used, ensure tool is certified OBD-II standard and refer to scan tool
manufacturers operating procedures.
READING CODES
NOTE:
Only transaxle-related trouble codes are listed. For

engine-related DTC definitions, see TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS
article in APPLICATIONS & IDENTIFICATION section. For
engine-related DTC diagnosis, see appropriate
G - TESTS W/CODES article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
These DTCs pertain to engine
performance and must be repaired first, as engine
transaxle operation and diagnosis.
NOTE:
If self-test will not activate or TOOL COMMUNICATION ERROR

is received, see appropriate G - TESTS W/CODES article in
ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
KOEO & KOER Self-Test Codes

Record codes in order received. These codes indicate current
faults in system and should be serviced in order of appearance. Use
CODE REFERENCE TABLE to identify correct PINPOINT TEST to perform.
Pass Codes
SYSTEM PASS indicates no diagnostic trouble codes were
recorded in that portion of test. If SYSTEM PASS is not retrieved in
KOEO SELF-TEST, codes retrieved during KOER SELF-TEST may not be
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valid.
Continuous Memory Codes
These codes result from information stored by PCM during
continuous self-test monitoring. Use these codes for diagnosis only
when KOEO SELF-TEST and KOER SELF-TEST result in SYSTEM PASS and all
steps under QUICK TEST are successfully completed. These codes
indicate faults previously recorded. Fault may or may not be currently
present. See CODE REFERENCE TABLE.
CLEARING CODES
CAUTION: DO NOT disconnect vehicle battery to clear codes. This will
erase operating information from Keep-Alive Memory (KAM). To
clear KAM, disconnect negative battery terminal for at least
5 minutes.
CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer may lose
memory data. Driveability problems may exist until computer
systems have completed a relearn cycle. See COMPUTER RELEARN
PROCEDURES article in GENERAL INFORMATION before
disconnecting battery.
PCM Reset
After a PCM reset procedure, the following conditions will be
met:
*
*
*
*
*
All DTCs cleared from PCM memory.

All freeze frame data cleared from PCM memory.
All oxygen sensor test data cleared from PCM memory.
OBD-II system monitor status is reset.
DTC P1000 set in PCM memory.
To perform PCM reset using NGS scan tester, ensure connectors

are properly connected. Program scan tester using the following steps:
*
*
*
*
*
*
Select vehicle and engine selection menu (optional).

Select year, engine, model and any additional information
requested by scan tester (optional).
Follow operating instructions from scan tester menu.
Select GENERIC OBD-II FUNCTIONS. Press CONT button if
monitors are not complete.
Turn ignition on.
Select CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC CODES.
All codes should now be cleared from PCM memory. If problem

has not been corrected or fault is still present, hard code will
immediately be reset in PCM memory.
QUICK TEST
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Description
Following procedures are functional tests of EEC-V system.
These basic test steps must be followed in sequence to avoid
misdiagnosis:
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*
*
*
*
VISUAL CHECK
EQUIPMENT HOOKUP
KOEO (Key On Engine Off) SELF-TEST
KOER (Key On Engine Running) SELF-TEST
CONTINUOUS MEMORY SELF-TEST
After each service or repair procedure has been completed,

repeat QUICK TEST to ensure all EEC-V systems work properly and
diagnostic trouble codes are no longer present.
Visual Check
Complete all steps in PRELIMINARY INSPECTION before
proceeding to self-diagnostic tests. Ensure vacuum hoses and EEC-V
wiring harnesses are properly connected.
Apply parking brake, and place shift lever in Park position.
Block drive wheels. Turn off all electrical accessories.
Equipment Hookup
Connect appropriate test equipment to vehicle as follows:
Scan Tool
Ensure scan tool meets or exceeds OBD-II standard. Follow
manufacturer's instructions to hook up equipment and record diagnostic
trouble codes.
New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester
Turn ignition switch to OFF position. Connect adapter cable
lead to diagnostic tester. See Fig. 3. Connect service connectors of
adapter cable to vehicle Data Link Connector (DLC). Go to KOEO SELFTEST.
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Fig. 3: Identifying New Generation Star (NGS) Scan Tester

KOEO Self-Test
Ensure engine is warmed to normal operating temperature. If
engine does not start (or stalls after starting), continue KOEO SELFTEST. Turn ignition switch to OFF position. Ensure test equipment is
properly attached. Program scan tester using the following steps:
*
*
Select vehicle and engine selection menu.

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1997 Ford Taurus
requested by scan tester.

Select DIAGNOSTIC DATA LINK.
Select PCM - POWERTRAIN CTRL MODULE.
Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE.
Select KOEO ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST.
Turn ignition on.
KOER Self-Test
Ensure engine is warmed to normal operating temperature. Turn
ignition switch to OFF position. Ensure test equipment is properly
attached. Program scan tester using the following steps:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

requested by scan tester.
Select KOER ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST.
Start engine and allow to idle.
Perform BOO and TCS cycling (if equipped).
Continuous Memory Self-Test

Turn ignition switch to OFF position. Ensure test equipment
is properly attached. Program scan tool using the following steps:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

requested by scan tool.
Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODES.
Select RETRIEVE/CLEAR CONTINUOUS DTCs.
Turn ignition on.
Follow operating instructions from scan tool menu.
ADDITIONAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

NOTE:
Additional diagnostic system features are available to help

diagnose driveability problems and service EEC-V systems.
Generic OBD-II Parameter Identification (PID)

*
*
*
Select vehicle and engine selection menu (optional).

requested by scan tool (optional).
Select GENERIC OBD-II OPTIONS. Press CONT button if monitors
are not complete.
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1997 Ford Taurus
Select PID/DATA MONITOR.

Turn ignition on or start engine and allow to idle.
Select PIDs and press START.
Non-Generic OBD-II Parameter Identification (PID)

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Select GENERIC OBD-II OPTIONS. Press CONT button if monitors
are not complete.
Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODES.
Select PID DATA MONITOR AND RECORD.
Turn ignition on or start engine and allow to idle.
Select PIDs and press START.
Output Test Mode

This mode allows a technician to energize and de-energize
most of the system output actuators on command. After accessing OUTPUT
TEST MODE, outputs and cooling fans can be turned on and off
separately. To access OUTPUT TEST MODE, turn ignition switch to OFF
position. Ensure test equipment is properly attached. Program scan
tool using the following steps:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Select ACTIVE COMMAND MODE.
Select OUTPUT TEST MODE.
Turn ignition on.
Select either LOW SPEED FAN, HIGH SPEED FAN or ALL ON mode.
Select START to turn outputs on. This step may cause link-up
to PIDs.
Select STOP to turn outputs off.
TRANSMISSION DRIVE CYCLE TEST

NOTE:
The transmission drive cycle test must be followed exactly.

Malfunctions have to occur 4 times consecutively for codes
P0731, P0732, P0733 and P0734 to be set and 5 times
consecutively for continuous codes P0741 and P1741. When
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performing DRIVE CYCLE TEST, refer to SOLENOID OPERATION

TABLE.
Test Procedure
1) Record and then erase Quick Test codes. Warm engine to
normal operating temperature. Ensure transmission fluid level is
correct. Shift transmission to overdrive (OD).
2) Accelerate from stop to 50 MPH. Hold speed for at least 15
seconds. While maintaining speed with transaxle in 4th gear, lightly
depress brake pedal and release. Maintain speed for additional 5
seconds. Bring vehicle to stop for at least 20 seconds. Repeat steps
1) and 2) at least 5 times. Perform Quick Test and record continuous
codes.
TRANSMISSION SOLENOID CYCLING & DRIVE TEST (DYNAMIC TEST)

Preliminary Set Up
Connect Transmission Tester (007-0085D). Install pressure
gauge to line pressure tap. See FORD AX4N overhaul article. Set
BENCH/DRIVE switch to DRIVE mode. Rotate GEAR SELECT switch to "1"
position. Ensure vehicle is in park ("P"). Start vehicle.
CAUTION: Transaxle damage will occur if stall test is conducted with
EPC switch depressed.
EPC Solenoid
Record line pressure. Line pressure should be 84 psi (579
kPa) (maximum line pressure). If line pressure is not within
specification, see TESTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article or TEST E
PINPOINT TESTS. Depress EPC switch. Line pressure should be 56 psi
(386 kPa) (minimum line pressure). If line pressure is not within
specification, see TESTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article or TEST E in
PINPOINT TESTS.
Engagements
1) Ensure BENCH/DRIVE switch is in DRIVE mode and GEAR SELECT
switch is in "1" position. Start vehicle. Shift transaxle from park to
reverse. Vehicle should shift into reverse with firm engagement.
2) Shift back to park. Depress EPC switch. Line pressure
should drop to 56 psi (386 kPa) (idle pressure). While depressing EPC
switch, shift vehicle from park to reverse. Vehicle should shift into
reverse with smooth engagement.
3) Shift vehicle from reverse to park. Release EPC switch.
Line pressure should rise to 84 psi (579 kPa) (maximum pressure).
Shift vehicle from park to drive. Vehicle should shift into drive with
firm engagement.
4) Shift vehicle from drive to park. Depress EPC switch. Line
pressure should drop to 56 psi (386 kPa) (idle pressure). While
depressing EPC switch, shift vehicle from park to drive. Vehicle
should shift into drive with smooth engagement. Release EPC switch.
NOTE:
LEDs will turn Green when solenoids activate. Ensure
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appropriate overlay is used with Transmission Tester.

Upshift/Downshift
1) Remove line pressure gauge. Ensure gear select switch is
in "1" position. Shift transmission to overdrive and accelerate to 15
mph. Rotate gear select switch to "2" position. Vehicle should shift
into 2nd gear. Accelerate to 25 mph and rotate gear select knob for
3rd gear.
2) Vehicle should shift into 3rd gear. Accelerate to 35-45
mph and rotate gear select knob for 4th gear. Vehicle should shift
into 4th gear.
3) Reverse test procedure for downshifts. Ensure solenoid
LEDs function as described for each shift. Vehicle should downshift
through each gear.
CAUTION: Do not depress TCC switch with transmission in gear and
vehicle at a stop. Damage to TCC may result.
Torque Converter Engagement
Accelerate and upshift vehicle into 3rd gear. Maintain
constant speed and depress TCC switch. Torque converter clutch should
engage and engine RPM should decrease.
NOTE:
This test may be performed on hoist.
Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Function Check

Set voltmeter to 20 volts A/C. Connect voltmeter leads to
appropriate TSS jacks. Slowly accelerate vehicle and monitor voltmeter
reading. Voltage should increase with vehicle speed.
Transmission Tester Removal & Clearing Trouble Codes
Disconnect Transmission Tester from transaxle connector.
Install vehicle wiring harness to transaxle connector. Install all
heat shields that were removed. Disconnect tester power lead from
vehicle. See CLEARING CODES to erase any trouble codes that were set.
Run QUICK TEST to determine if any trouble codes are present.
SUMMARY
If no Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is present but
driveability problem still exists, see TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD AX4N
overhaul article.
NOTE:
PINPOINT TESTS are diagnostic formats used to test and

service EEC-V system. QUICK TEST allows technician to
identify problems and retrieve service codes. PINPOINT TESTS
check transaxle circuits, sensors, solenoids and actuators.
CODE REFERENCE CHART

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NOTE:
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1997 Ford Taurus
Only transaxle-related trouble codes are listed. For

engine-related DTC definitions, see TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS
article in APPLICATIONS & IDENTIFICATION section. For
engine-related DTC diagnosis, see appropriate
G - TESTS W/CODES article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
These DTCs pertain to engine
performance and must be repaired first, as engine
transaxle operation and diagnosis.
CODE REFERENCE TABLE
Fault
Code
Pinpoint
Code (1)
Definition
Test
P0705
P0707
P0708
P0712
P0713
P0715
P0731
P0732
P0733
P0734
P0741
P0743
P0750
P0751
P0755
P0756
P0760
P0761
P1000
P1111
P1700
P1702
P1705
P1710
P1711
P1713
P1718
P1714
P1715
P1716
P1740
P1741
P1742
P1743
P1744
P1746
.............. Digital TR Sensor Failure ................. D

.............. TR Sensor Circuit Shorted ................. D
............... TR Sensor Circuit Open ................... D
.............. TFT Sensor Circuit Shorted ................ B
............... TFT Sensor Circuit Open .................. B
.............. Insufficient Input From TSS ............... F
..................... No 1st Gear ........................ A
..................... No 2nd Gear ........................ A
..................... No 3rd Gear ........................ A
..................... No 4th Gear ........................ A
................ TCC Engagement Error .................... C
................. TCC Circuit Error ...................... C
............. SS1 Solenoid Circuit Failure ............... A
..... SS1 Mechanical Or Hydraulic Solenoid Failure ....... A
........... OBD-II Monitoring Not Completed ............ ....
..................... System Pass ..................... ....
.............. AX4S Mechanical Failure ................. (2)
............. Digital TR Sensor Circuit .................. D
................... TR Not In Park ....................... D
.............. TFT Out Of Range (Mid) .................... B
................. TFT Out Of Range ....................... B
.............. TFT Out Of Range (Low) .................... B
.............. TFT Out Of Range (High) ................... B
..... SS1 Mechanical Or Hydraulic Solenoid Failure ....... H
..... TCC Mechanical Or Hydraulic Solenoid Failure ....... H
............... TCC Continuous Slip ...................... C
........... TCC Solenoid Failed (Calif.) ................. C
........... TCC Solenoid Failed (Calif.) ................. C
........... TCC Excessive Slip (Calif.) .................. C
.............. Open PCM Output Driver .................... E
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P1747
P1751
P1756
P1760
P1761
P1767
P1783
P1901
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1997 Ford Taurus
........... EPC Solenoid Circuit Failure .................

..... SS1 Mechanical Or Hydraulic Solenoid Failure .......
.......... EPC Solenoid Circuit Failure ..................
................ TCC Circuit Error .......................
.............. Transmission Overtemp .....................
............. TSS Intermittent Signal ....................
E
A
A
E
A
C
B
F
(1) - Only engine performance fault codes that may affect

transmission operation are listed. For complete list of engine
performance fault codes, see appropriate G - TESTS W/CODES
article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
(2) - Low one-way clutch failure. Also check fluid level.
HOW TO USE PINPOINT TESTS

1) DO NOT perform any PINPOINT TEST unless specifically
instructed by a QUICK TEST procedure. Follow each test step in order
until fault is found. DO NOT replace any part unless directed to do
so. When more than one code is retrieved, start with first code
displayed.
2) PINPOINT TESTS ensure electrical circuits are okay before
sensors or other components are replaced. Always test circuits for
continuity between sensor and PCM. Test all circuits for short to
power, opens or short to ground. Voltage Reference (VREF) and Voltage
Power (VPWR) circuits should be tested with ignition on or as
specified in PINPOINT TESTS.
3) DO NOT measure voltage or resistance at PCM. DO NOT
connect any test light unless specified in testing procedure. All
measurements are made by probing rear of connector. Isolate both ends
of a circuit and turn ignition off when checking for shorts or
continuity, unless instructed otherwise.
4) Disconnect solenoids and switches from harness before
measuring continuity and resistance or applying voltage. After each
repair, check all component connections and repeat QUICK TEST.
5) An open circuit is defined as a resistance reading of
greater than 5 ohms. This specification tolerance may be too high for
some items in EEC-V system. If resistance approaches 5 ohms, always
clean suspect connector and coat it with protective dielectric
silicone grease. A short is defined as a resistance reading of less
than 10 k/ohms to ground, unless stated otherwise in PINPOINT TESTS.
PINPOINT TESTS
NOTE:
Procedures in PINPOINT TESTS are written for the use of the

following Ford Motor Co. test equipment:
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*
*
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New Generation Star (NGS) Tester (007-00500)

Breakout Box (014-00950)
Transmission Tester (007-0085D)
Terminal pin references are based on this equipment and
appropriate overlays. All references to "test pins", "test
terminals" or "jacks" refer to test equipment.
When aftermarket test equipment is used, always follow test
equipment manufacturers procedures.
TEST A: SHIFT SOLENOIDS

1) AX4N Electronic Diagnostics - Ensure transaxle harness
connector is in acceptable condition. Repair as necessary. Ensure
transaxle harness connector is fully seated. Connect scan tool to DLC.
Perform KOEO test until Continuous Memory trouble code(s) have been
displayed. See QUICK TEST. Enter output test mode. See ADDITIONAL
SYSTEM FUNCTIONS. Select ALL ON mode. Push START to turn outputs ON.
Push STOP to turn outputs OFF. If vehicle enters output state, go to
next step. If vehicle will not enter output state, see appropriate G TESTS W/CODES article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
2) Check Electrical Signal Operation - Turn ignition off.
Disconnect transaxle harness connector. Inspect condition of connector
and repair as needed. Turn ignition on. Using DVOM, connect positive
lead to transaxle harness connector terminal No. 2. See Fig. 4.
Connect negative lead to suspect solenoid circuit (terminal No. 1, 6
and/or 8). While monitoring DVOM, press START and STOP to cycle
solenoid output on and off. If voltage changes at least .5 volt, go to
step 5). If voltage is unaffected, go to next step.
Fig. 4: Identifying Transaxle Harness Connector

Courtesy Of Ford Motor Co.
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3) Check Continuity Of Solenoid Signal & VPWR Harness

Circuits - Ensure ignition is off. Disconnect PCM 104-pin connector,
and inspect it for damaged pins, corrosion and loose wires. Repair as
necessary. Install breakout box, leaving PCM disconnected. Measure and
record resistance between specified terminals. See SOLENOID CIRCUIT
CONTINUITY TEST table. If any resistance measurement is greater than 5
ohms, repair open circuit. Connect all components. Disconnect breakout
box and repeat QUICK TEST. If each resistance is 5 ohms or less, go to
next step.
SOLENOID CIRCUIT CONTINUITY TEST
Solenoid Terminal No. (1), (2)

Breakout Box Terminal
Continental & Taurus SHO
1 ...............................................................
6 ..............................................................
8 ..............................................................
2 .......................................................... 71,
Sable & Taurus (Except SHO)
1 ..............................................................
6 ...............................................................
8 ..............................................................
2 .......................................................... 71,
6
11
20
97
27
1
53
97
(1) - Harness connector.

(2) - See Fig. 4.
4) Check Solenoid Harness For Shorts To Power & Ground Measure and record resistance between specified breakout box test
pins. See SOLENOID SHORT CIRCUIT TEST table. If any resistance is less
than 10 k/ohms, repair short circuit. Connect all components.
Disconnect breakout box and repeat QUICK TEST. If each resistance is
10 k/ohms or more, go to next step.
SOLENOID SHORT CIRCUIT TEST (1)

Continental & Taurus SHO
6, 11, 20 .................................................
6, 11, 20 ................................. 24, 51, 76, 77,
6, 11, 20 ..................................................
Sable & Taurus (Except SHO)
1, 27, 53 .................................................
1, 27, 53 ................................. 24, 51, 76, 77,
1, 27, 53 ..................................................
71 & 97
91, 103
Ground
71 & 97
91, 103
Ground
(1) - Measure between breakout box test pins.
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5) Solenoid Functional Test - Connect transaxle tester.

Perform solenoid voltage test. See tester instructions. If solenoid
activates (Green LED on), go to next step. If solenoid does not
activate LED, go to step 7).
6) Transaxle Drive Test - Connect PCM 104-pin connector.
Perform tester drive test. See tester instructions. If vehicle
upshifts when operated with tester, replace PCM. Connect all
components. Disconnect breakout box and repeat QUICK TEST. If vehicle
does not upshift when operated by tester, go to next step.
7) Check Resistance Of Solenoids - Set tester Bench/Drive
switch to BENCH position. Set Solenoid Selector switch to OHMS CHECK.
Connect ohmmeter negative lead to SS1 jack and positive lead to VPWR
jack on tester. Measure and record resistance. Connect ohmmeter
negative lead to SS2 jack and positive lead to VPWR jack on tester.
Measure and record resistance. Connect ohmmeter negative lead to SS3
jack and positive lead to VPWR jack on tester. Measure and record
resistance. Resistance for all solenoids on Continental and Taurus SHO
models should be 20-30 ohms. Resistance for all solenoids on Sable and
Taurus 3.0L models should be 15-25 ohms. If resistance is within
specification, go to next step. If resistance is not within
specification, replace solenoid body assembly. Erase all trouble
codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
8) Check Solenoid For Short To Ground - Check continuity
between BAT(-) terminal and between SS1, SS2 and SS3 jack. If
continuity exists, go to next step. If continuity does not exist, see
TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article for non-electronic
symptom diagnostics.
9) AX4N Internal Electronic Diagnostics - Drain transaxle
fluid. Remove transaxle side cover. Inspect all internal harness
connectors. Ensure all connectors are fully connected and not damaged.
Repair as needed. If all connectors are okay, go to next step. Install
all components in reverse order of disassembly. Fill transaxle with
fluid. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
10) Check Internal Transaxle Harness Continuity - Disconnect
internal harness from solenoid assemblies. To test SS1, connect
positive lead of ohmmeter to tester SS-1 jack and negative lead to SS1
connector Orange wire. Measure and record resistance. To test SS2,
connect positive lead of ohmmeter to tester SS-2 jack and negative
lead to SS2 connector Pink wire. Measure and record resistance. To
test SS3, connect positive lead of ohmmeter to tester SS-3 jack and
negative lead to SS3 connector Yellow wire. Measure and record
resistance.
To test SS1, SS2 and SS3 VPWR circuits, connect positive lead
of ohmmeter to corresponding VPWR tester terminal. Connect negative
lead to selected solenoid connector red wire. Measure and record
resistance. If all resistances measured are .5 ohm or less, go to next
step. If any resistance measured is more than .5 ohm, replace internal
harness. Go to step 12).
11) Check Internal Harness For Shorts To Ground - Using
transmission tester, check continuity between each solenoid lead and
BAT (-) terminal of tester. If continuity does not exist in any
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circuit, go to next step. If continuity exists in any circuit, replace

internal harness and go to next step.
12) Check Resistance Of Solenoid - Using ohmmeter, check
resistance between terminals of each solenoid. Resistance for all
solenoids on Continental and Taurus SHO models should be 20-30 ohms.
Resistance for all solenoids on Sable and Taurus 3.0L models should be
15-25 ohms. If resistance is within specification, go to next step. If
resistance measured for any solenoid is not within specification,
replace suspect solenoid. Install all components in reverse order of
disassembly. Fill transaxle with fluid. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING
CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
13) Check Solenoid For Short To Ground - Using ohmmeter,
check continuity between each solenoid terminal and ground. If
continuity exists, replace faulty shift solenoid. If continuity does
not exist, go to TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article.
Install all components in reverse order of disassembly. Fill transaxle
with fluid. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
TEST B: TRANSMISSION FLUID TEMPERATURE (TFT) SENSOR

1) AX4N Electronic Diagnostics - Check transaxle harness
connector. Inspect connector for damaged pins, corrosion and loose
wires. Ensure transaxle connector is fully seated. Repair as
necessary. Go to next step.
2) Check Electrical Signal Operation - Ensure ignition is
off. Disconnect transaxle connector. Using DVOM, connect positive lead
to transaxle harness connector terminal No. 5 and negative lead to
terminal No. 9. See Fig. 4. Turn ignition on. If voltage is 4.5-5.25
volts, go to step 6). If voltage is not within specification, go to
next step.
3) Check Continuity Of TFT Signal Return (SIG RTN) Circuits Turn ignition off. Disconnect PCM 104-pin connector, and inspect it
for damaged pins, corrosion and loose wires. Repair as necessary.
Install breakout box, leaving PCM disconnected. Measure and record
resistance between breakout box test pin No. 37 and transaxle harness
connector terminal No. 5. See Fig. 4. Measure and record resistance
between test pin No. 91 and transaxle harness connector terminal No.
9. If each resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If any
resistance is more than 5 ohms, repair open circuit. Connect all
components. Erase trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK
TEST.
4) Check TFT Circuit For Short To VPWR & Ground - Ensure
ignition is off. Disconnect PCM 104-pin connector, and inspect it for
damaged pins, corrosion and loose wires. Repair as necessary. Install
breakout box, leaving PCM disconnected. Measure and record resistance
between breakout box test pin No. 37 and test pins No. 71 and 97.
Measure and record resistance between test pins No. 24, 51, 76, 77,
91, 103 and test pin 37, and ground. If any resistance is less than 10
k/ohms, repair short circuit. Disconnect breakout box and repeat QUICK
TEST. If resistance is 10 k/ohms or more, go to next step.
5) Check Resistance Of TFT Sensor/Harness - Install
transmission tester. Set tester Bench/Drive switch to BENCH position.
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Set Solenoid Selector switch to OHMS CHECK. Connect ohmmeter leads to

appropriate TFT jacks. Measure and record resistance. Resistance
should be within specification. See appropriate TFT
TEMPERATURE/RESISTANCE TABLE. If resistance is within specification
for specific temperature, either warm up transaxle or allow transaxle
to cool to check resistance at different temperatures. If resistances
measured remain within specification, go to next step. If resistances
measured are not within specification, go to step 7).
TFT TEMPERATURE/RESISTANCE TABLE
Temperature F (C)
Resistance (k/Ohms)
32-68 (0-20) ................................................ 37-100
59-104 (21-40) ............................................... 16-37
105-158 (41-70) ............................................... 5-16
159-194 (71-90) .............................................. 2.7-5
195-230 (91-110) ........................................... 1.5-2.7
231-266 (111-130) ........................................... .8-1.5
267-302 (131-150) ........................................... .54-.8
6) Check TFT Sensor/Harness For Short To Ground - Check

continuity between BAT (-) tester jack and TFT jacks. If continuity
exists, go to next step. If continuity does not exist, replace PCM.
Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Road test vehicle. Repeat QUICK
TEST. If DTC is still present, go to next step.
fluid. Remove transaxle side cover. Inspect internal harness connector
at TFT sensor. Ensure all connectors are fully connected and not
damaged. If all connectors are okay, go to next step. Repair as
needed. Install all components in reverse order of disassembly. Fill
transaxle with fluid. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK
TEST.
8) Check Internal Harness Continuity - Disconnect internal
harness from TFT sensor. Connect positive lead of ohmmeter to tester
TFT (+) jack and negative lead to TFT connector Black wire. Measure
and record resistance. Connect positive lead of ohmmeter to tester
TFT(-) jack and negative lead to TFT connector White wire. If
resistances measured are .5 ohm or less, go to next step. If any
resistance measured is more than .5 ohm, replace internal harness. Go
to step 10).
transmission tester, check continuity between each TFT sensor
connector terminals and BAT(-) terminal of tester. If continuity does
not exist in any circuit, go to next step. If continuity exists in any
circuit, replace internal harness. Go to next step.
10) Check TFT Sensor Resistance - Using ohmmeter, check
resistance between terminals TFT sensor. If resistance is within
specification for specific temperature, go to next step. If
resistances measured are not within specification, replace TFT sensor.
Install all components in reverse order of disassembly. Fill transaxle
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with fluid. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
TFT TEMPERATURE/RESISTANCE TABLE
Temperature F (C)
Resistance-(K/ohms)
32-58 (0-20) ................................................ 37-100
59-104 (21-40) ............................................... 16-37
105-158 (41-70) ............................................... 5-16
159-194 (71-90) .............................................. 2.7-5
195-230 (91-110) ........................................... 1.5-2.7
231-266 (111-130) ........................................... .8-1.5
267-322 (131-150) ........................................... .54-.8
11) Check TFT Sensor For Short To Ground - Using ohmmeter,

check continuity between each TFT sensor terminal and ground. If
continuity exists, replace faulty TFT sensor. If continuity does not
exist, install all components in reverse order of disassembly. Fill
TEST, see G -TESTES W/CODES - EEC-V article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE
section to diagnose vehicle harness or PCM malfunctions.
TEST C: TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH (TCC) SOLENOID

transaxle harness connector is fully seated. Connect NGS tester or
equivalent to DLC. Perform KOEO test until Continuous Memory trouble
code(s) have been displayed. See QUICK TEST. Enter output test mode.
See ADDITIONAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS. Select ALL ON mode. Push START to
turn outputs ON. Push STOP to outputs OFF. If vehicle enters output
state, go to next step. If vehicle will not enter output state, see
appropriate G - TESTS W/CODES article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
2) Check Electrical Signal Operation - Disconnect transaxle
harness connector. Inspect condition of connector and repair as
needed. Using DVOM, connect positive lead to transaxle harness
connector terminal No. 7. See Fig. 4. Connect negative lead to
terminal No. 3. While monitoring DVOM, press START and STOP to cycle
solenoid output on and off. If voltage changes at least .5 volt, go to
step 5). If voltage is unaffected, go to next step.
necessary. Install breakout box, leaving PCM disconnected. On
Continental, measure and record resistance between breakout box test
pin No. 54 and transaxle harness connector terminal No. 3. On Sable
and Taurus, measure and record resistance between breakout box test
pin No. 82 and transaxle harness connector terminal No. 3. See Fig. 4.
On all models, measure and record resistance between test pins No. 71
and 97 and transaxle harness connector terminal No. 7. If any
resistance is greater than 5 ohms, repair open circuit. Connect all
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components. Disconnect breakout box and repeat QUICK TEST. If each

resistance is 5 ohms or less, go to next step.
4) Check Solenoid/Harness For Shorts To Power & Ground - On
Continental, measure and record resistance between test pin No. 54 and
test pins No. 71 and 97. Measure and record resistance between test
pin No. 54 and pins No. 24, 51, 76, 77, 91, 103 and ground. On Sable
and Taurus, measure and record resistance between test pin No. 82 and
test pins No. 71 and 97. Measure and record resistance between test
pin No. 82 and pins No. 24, 51, 76, 77, 91, 103 and ground. If any
resistance measured is less than 10 k/ohms, repair short circuit.
Connect all components. Disconnect breakout box and repeat QUICK TEST.
If each resistance is 10 k/ohms or more, go to next step.
5) Solenoid Functional Test - Connect transaxle tester.
Perform TCC solenoid functional test. See tester instructions. If
solenoid activates (Green LED on), go to next step. If solenoid does
not activate LED, go to step 7).
6) Transaxle Drive Test - Connect PCM 104-pin connector.
Perform tester drive test. See tester instructions. If engine RPM
decreases when operated with tester, see appropriate G - TESTS W/CODES
article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section to diagnose PCM and harness. If
engine RPM does not decrease when operated by tester, go to next step.
7) Check Resistance Of Solenoid - Set tester Bench/Drive
switch to BENCH position. Set Solenoid Selector switch to OHMS CHECK.
Connect ohmmeter negative lead to TCC jack and positive lead to VPWR
jack on tester. Measure resistance. Resistance should be 13-24 ohms.
If resistance is within specification, go to next step. If resistance
is not within specification, replace solenoid body assembly. Erase all
trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
8) Check Solenoid/Harness For Short To Ground - Check
continuity between BAT (-) tester jack and TCC jacks. If continuity
exists, go to next step. If continuity does not exist, Erase all
trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST. See TROUBLE
SHOOTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article for non-electronic symptom
diagnostics.
10) Check Internal Harness Continuity - Disconnect internal
harness from TCC solenoid. Connect positive lead of ohmmeter to tester
TCC jack and negative lead to TCC connector Brown wire. Measure and
record resistance. Connect positive lead of ohmmeter to tester VPWR
jack and negative lead to TCC connector Green wire. If resistances
measured are .5 ohm or less, go to next step. If any resistance
measured is more than .5 ohm, replace internal harness. Go to step
12).
transmission tester, check continuity between each TCC solenoid
connector terminals and BAT(-) terminal of tester. If continuity does
not exist in either circuit, go to next step. If continuity exists in
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any circuit, replace internal harness. Go to next step.

12) Check TCC Solenoid Resistance - Using ohmmeter, check
resistance between terminals of TCC solenoid. Resistance should be .
98-1.6 ohms on Windstar and, 1997 Sable and Taurus. Resistance should
be 13-24 ohms on 1998 Sable and Taurus. If resistance is within
specification, go to next step. If resistance is not within
specification, replace TCC solenoid. Install all components in reverse
order of disassembly. Fill transaxle with fluid. Erase all DTCs. See
CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
check continuity between each TCC solenoid terminal and ground. If
continuity exists, replace faulty TCC solenoid. Install all components
in reverse order of disassembly. Fill transaxle with fluid. Erase all
DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST. If continuity does not
TEST. See TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article for nonelectronic symptom diagnostics.
TEST D: TRANSMISSION RANGE (TR) SENSOR (1997 SABLE & TAURUS

3.0L-2V)
1) AX4N Electronic Diagnostics - Disconnect TR connector, and
inspect it for damaged pins, corrosion and loose wires. Repair as
necessary. Reconnect TR connector. Ensure TR sensor is correctly
adjusted. See FORD AX4N overhaul article. If sensor requires
adjustment, clear trouble codes after adjustment. See CLEARING CODES.
Repeat QUICK TEST. If sensor is correctly adjusted, go to next step.
off. Disconnect TR sensor harness connector. Turn ignition on. Measure
voltage between harness connector terminals No. 2 and 3. See Fig. 5.
If voltage is 4.75-5.25 volts, go to step 5). If voltage is not within
specification, go to next step.
3) Check Continuity Of TR Sensor Harness Circuits - Turn
ignition off. Disconnect PCM 104-pin connector, and inspect it for
between breakout box test pin terminal No. 91 and TR harness connector
terminal No. 2. Measure and record resistance between breakout box
test pin terminal No. 64 and TR harness connector terminal No. 3. See
Fig. 5. If each resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If
any resistance is more than 5 ohms, repair open circuit. Remove
breakout box and connect all components. Erase all trouble codes. See
4) Check TR Circuit For Shorts To Power & Ground - Measure
resistance between breakout box test pin No. 64 and test pins No. 24,
51, 71, 76, 77, 91, 97 and 103. Measure resistance between breakout
box test pin No. 64 and ground. If each measurement is more than 10
k/ohms, go to next step. If any measurement is less than 10 k/ohms,
repair short circuit. Remove breakout box and connect all components.
Erase all trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
5) Check TR Sensor Resistance - Install TR overlay on
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transmission tester. Connect tester to TR sensor. Check continuity and

resistances in all positions. See TR SENSOR RESISTANCE & VOLTAGE
SPECIFICATIONS table. If TR sensor does not operate within
specification, replace sensor. Connect all components. Erase all
trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST. If sensor
operates within specification, replace PCM. Connect all components.
TR SENSOR RESISTANCE & VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS
Gear Position
Ohms
Volts
"P" ........................ 3770-4607 ................. 3.97-4.85
"R" ........................ 1304-1593 ................. 3.24-3.96
"N" ......................... 660-807 .................. 2.55-3.11
"OD" ........................ 361-442 .................. 1.88-2.30
"D" ......................... 190-232 .................. 1.23-1.51
"1" .......................... 78-95 ..................... .61-.75
6) Check Park/Neutral Circuits - Monitor transmission tester

indicator lights while moving gear shift lever through all positions.
If indicator light display matches gear shift lever position, go to
next step. If indicator light display does not match gear shift lever
position, replace TR sensor. Connect all components. Erase all trouble
7) Check Reverse/Back-Up Light Circuits - Monitor
transmission tester indicator light while moving gear shift lever to
Reverse position. Verify if back-up lights are illuminated. If
indicator light display matches gear shift lever position and back-up
lights operate correctly, system is currently operating correctly. If
indicator light display does not match gear shift lever position
and/or back-up lights are not illuminated, replace TR sensor. Connect
all components. Erase all trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat
QUICK TEST.
Fig. 5: Identifying Transmission Range Sensor Harness Connector

Terminals (1997 Sable & Taurus 3.0L-2V)
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TEST D: TRANSMISSION RANGE (TR) SENSOR (1997 CONTINENTAL,

1997-98 SABLE & TAURUS (3.0-4V & SHO)
NOTE:
Actuator portion of analog TR sensor is Black behind manual

shaft lever.
1) AX4N Electronic Diagnostics - Disconnect TR connector, and

inspect it for damaged pins, corrosion and loose wires. Repair as
necessary. Reconnect TR connector. Ensure TR sensor is correctly
off. Disconnect TR sensor harness connector. Turn ignition on. Measure
voltage between harness connector terminals No. 2 and 3. See Fig. 5.
If voltage is 4.75-5.25 volts, go to step 5). If voltage is not within
specification, go to next step.
3) Check Continuity Of TR Sensor Harness Circuits - Turn
ignition off. Disconnect PCM 104-pin connector, and inspect it for
between breakout box test pin terminal No. 91 and TR harness connector
terminal No. 2. Measure and record resistance between breakout box
test pin terminal No. 64 and TR harness connector terminal No. 3. See
Fig. 6. If each resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If
any resistance is more than 5 ohms, repair open circuit. Remove
breakout box and connect all components. Erase all trouble codes. See
4) Check TR Circuit For Shorts To Power & Ground - Measure
resistance between breakout box test pin No. 64 and test pins No. 24,
51, 71, 76, 77, 91, 97 and 103. Measure resistance between breakout
box test pin No. 64 and ground. If each measurement is more than 10
k/ohms, go to next step. If any measurement is less than 10 k/ohms,
repair short circuit. Remove breakout box and connect all components.
5) Check TR Sensor Resistance - Install TR overlay on
transmission tester. Connect tester to TR sensor. Check continuity and
resistances in all positions. See TR SENSOR RESISTANCE & VOLTAGE
SPECIFICATIONS table. If TR sensor does not operate within
specification, replace sensor. Connect all components. Erase all
trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST. If sensor
operates within specification, replace PCM. Connect all components.
TR SENSOR RESISTANCE & VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS
Gear Position
Ohms
Volts
"P"
"R"
........................
........................
3770-4607
1304-1593
.................
.................
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"N" ......................... 660-807 .................. 2.55-3.11

"OD" ........................ 361-442 .................. 1.88-2.30
"D" ......................... 190-232 .................. 1.23-1.51
"1" .......................... 78-95 ..................... .61-.75
6) Check Park/Neutral Circuits - Monitor transmission tester

indicator lights while moving gear shift lever through all positions.
If indicator light display matches gear shift lever position, go to
next step. If indicator light display does not match gear shift lever
position, replace TR sensor. Connect all components. Erase all trouble
7) Check Reverse/Back-up Light Circuits - Monitor
transmission tester indicator light while moving gear shift lever to
reverse position. Verify if back-up lights are illuminated. If
indicator light display matches gear shift lever position and back-up
lights operate correctly, system is currently operating correctly. If
indicator light display does not match gear shift lever position
and/or back-up lights are not illuminated, replace TR sensor. Connect
all components. Erase all trouble codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat
QUICK TEST.
Fig. 6: Identifying Transmission Range Sensor Terminals (1997

Continental, 1997-98 Sable & Taurus (3.0-4V & SHO)
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TEST D: ANALOG/DIGITAL TRANSMISSION RANGE (TR) SENSOR (1998

CONTINENTAL, 1998 SABLE & TAURUS 3.0L-2V)
NOTE:
Actuator portion of digital TR sensor is Tan in color

located behind manual shaft lever.
1) Verify Digital Transmission Range Sensor Alignment - Turn

ignition off. Place shift lever in park. Ensure TR sensor is correctly
2) Inspect Sensor Connector - Ensure ignition is off. Place
shift lever in park. Disconnect TR sensor harness connector. Inspect
component and harness connector terminals. Repair as needed. Clear
trouble codes after adjustment. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
If connectors are okay, go to next step.
3) Check Electrical System Operation (TR Sensor & PCM) Connect NGS tester or equivalent to DLC. Ensure TR sensor harness
connector is connected. Turn ignition on. Using scan tool, select TR
PIDs, then TR and TR_D. Move shift lever through all positions while
monitoring scan tool. Move shift lever again while wiggling harness
and tapping on TR sensor. Compare PIDs to TR SENSOR PID DATA table. If
PID data matches table, problem may be intermittent. Clear trouble
codes. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST. If PID data does not
match table, go to next step.
TR SENSOR PID DATA
Selector Position
TR
TR_D
"P" ........................... P/N ......................... 0000
"R" ........................... REV ......................... 1100
"N" .......................... NTRL ......................... 0110
"OD" .......................... O/D ......................... 1111
"D" .......................... MAN2 ......................... 1001
"1" .......................... MAN1 ......................... 0011
4) Check Digital Transmission Range Sensor Operation Install digital TR overlay on transmission tester. Connect tester to
TR sensor. Perform SENSOR test. Follow tester instructions. If tester
status light matches gear position, go to next step. If tester status
light does not match gear position, replace digital TR sensor. Clear
trouble codes after adjustment. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
5) Check PCM Harness For Open Circuits - Turn ignition off.
Disconnect PCM 104-pin connector, and inspect it for damaged pins,
corrosion and loose wires. Repair as necessary. Install breakout box,
leaving PCM disconnected. Disconnect TR harness connector. Measure and
record resistance between specified breakout box test pin terminal and
TR sensor harness connector terminal. See PCM-TO-TR SENSOR OPEN
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CIRCUIT TEST TERMINAL IDENTIFICATION table. If each resistance is less

than 5 ohms, go to next step. If any resistance is more than 5 ohms,
repair open circuit. Remove breakout box and connect all components.
PCM-TO-TR SENSOR OPEN CIRCUIT TEST TERMINAL IDENTIFICATION
PCM Test Pin

TR Sensor Pin
91 ............................................................... 2
3 ................................................................ 4
49 ............................................................... 5
50 ............................................................... 6
64 ............................................................... 3
6) Check PCM Harness Circuits For Short To Ground Or Power Measure and record resistance between breakout box test pin No. 91 and
test pins No. 71 and 97. Measure and record resistance between
breakout box test pins No. 3, 49, 50, 64 and breakout box power and
ground test pins. If each measurement is more than 10 k/ohms, go to
next step. If any measurement is less than 10 k/ohms, repair short
circuit. Remove breakout box and connect all components. Erase all
7) Check For Short Between TR/PCM Input Signal Circuits Measure and record resistance between breakout box test pin No. 3 and
test pins No. 49, 50 and 64. Measure and record resistance between
breakout box test pin No. 50 and test pins No. 3, 49, and 64. Measure
and record resistance between breakout box test pin No. 64 and test
pins No. 3, 49 and 50. If each measurement is more than 10 k/ohms,
replace PCM. If any measurement is less than 10 k/ohms, repair short
circuit. Remove breakout box and connect all components. Erase all
8) Check Non-PCM Internal Circuit Of Digital TR Sensor Install digital TR overlay on transmission tester. Connect tester to
TR sensor. Perform SWITCH test. Follow tester instructions. If tester
status light matches gear position, problem is not in digital TR
sensor. For starting or back-up light problems, see appropriate
article in appropriate section. If tester status light does not match
gear position, replace digital TR sensor. Clear trouble codes after
adjustment. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
TEST E: ELECTRONIC PRESSURE CONTROL (EPC) SOLENOID

transaxle harness connector is fully seated. Connect NGS tester or
equivalent to DLC. Perform KOEO test until Continuous Memory trouble
code(s) have been displayed. See QUICK TEST. Enter output test mode.
See ADDITIONAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS. Select ALL ON mode. Push START to
turn outputs ON. Push STOP to outputs OFF. If vehicle enters output
state, go to next step. If vehicle will not enter output state, see
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appropriate G - TESTS W/CODES article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.

2) Check Electrical Signal Operation - Turn ignition off.
Disconnect transaxle harness connector. Inspect condition of connector
and repair as needed. Turn ignition on. Using DVOM, connect positive
lead to transaxle harness connector terminal No. 7. See Fig. 4.
Connect negative lead to terminal No. 10. While monitoring DVOM, press
START and STOP to cycle solenoid output on and off. If voltage changes
at least .5 volt, go to step 5). If voltage is unaffected, go to next
step.
necessary. Install breakout box, leaving PCM disconnected. Measure and
record resistance between test pins No. 71 and 97 and transaxle
harness connector terminals No. 2 and 7. Measure and record resistance
between test pin No. 81 and transaxle harness connector terminal No.
10. If any resistance is greater than 5 ohms, repair open circuit.
Connect all components. Disconnect breakout box and repeat QUICK TEST.
If each resistance is 5 ohms or less, go to next step.
4) Check Solenoid Harness For Shorts To Power & Ground Measure and record resistance between breakout box test pin No. 81 and
test pins No. 71 and 97. Measure and record resistance between chassis
ground and test pin No. 81 and between test pins No. 24, 51, 76, 77,
91 and 103. If any resistance is less than 10 k/ohms, repair short
circuit. Connect all components. Disconnect breakout box and repeat
QUICK TEST. If each resistance is 10 k/ohms or more, go to next step.
5) EPC Functional Test - Connect PCM 104-pin connector.
Disconnect transaxle harness connector. Connect transaxle tester.
Connect line pressure gauge. See FORD AX4N overhaul article. Set
Bench/Drive switch to DRIVE position. Set Gear Selector switch to "1"
position. Perform EPC function test. See tester instructions. Observe
line pressure on gauge while depressing EPC switch with KOER. EPC
solenoid should activate (Green LED) and line pressure should drop
when EPC switch is depressed. If solenoid operates correctly, replace
PCM. Connect all components. Erase all trouble codes. See CLEARING
CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST. If solenoid is not operating, go to next
step.
6) Check Resistance Of Solenoid - Ensure tester power is off.
Connect ohmmeter to EPC jacks. If resistance is 3.23-5.50 ohms, go to
next step. If resistance is not within specifications, go to step 8).
7) Check Solenoid For Short To Ground - Check continuity
between BAT(-) jack of Transmission Tester and EPC jacks. If
continuity exists, go to next step. If continuity does not exist, see
TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article.
9) Check Internal Transmission Harness Continuity Disconnect internal harness from EPC solenoid. Connect positive lead
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1997 Ford Taurus
of ohmmeter to tester EPC jack and negative lead to EPC connector Blue
wire. Measure and record resistance. Connect positive lead of ohmmeter
to tester VPWR jack and negative lead to EPC connector Green wire. If
resistances measured are .5 ohm or less, go to next step. If any
resistance measured is more than .5 ohm, replace internal harness. Go
to step 12).
transmission tester, check continuity between each EPC solenoid
connector terminals and BAT (-) terminal of tester. If continuity does
not exist in either circuit, go to next step. If continuity exists in
any circuit, replace internal harness. Go to next step.
11) Check EPC Solenoid Resistance - Using ohmmeter, check
resistance between terminals of EPC solenoid. Resistance should be 3.
23-5.5 ohm. If resistance is within specification, go to next step. If
resistance is not within specification, replace EPC solenoid. Install
check continuity between each EPC solenoid terminal and ground. If
continuity exists, replace faulty EPC solenoid. Install all components
in reverse order of disassembly. Fill transaxle with fluid. Erase all
DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST. If continuity does not
TEST. See TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD AX4N overhaul article for nonelectronic symptom diagnostics.
TEST F: TURBINE SHAFT SPEED (TSS) SENSOR

1) Preliminary Inspection - Inspect condition of TSS harness
and component connector. Repair as needed. Go to next step.
2) Check Continuity Of TSS Harness Circuit - Ensure ignition
is off. Disconnect PCM 104-pin connector, and inspect it for damaged
pins, corrosion and loose wires. Repair as necessary. Install breakout
box, leaving PCM disconnected. Disconnect TSS harness connector. On
pin No. 59 and TSS harness connector positive terminal. On Sable and
Taurus, measure and record resistance between breakout box test pin
No. 84 and TSS harness connector positive terminal. On all models,
measure and record resistance between breakout box test pin No. 91 and
TSS harness connector SIG RTN terminal. If resistances measured are 5
ohms or less, go to next step. If resistances measured are more than 5
ohms, repair open circuit(s). Connect all components. Erase all DTCs.
See CLEARING CODES. Repeat QUICK TEST.
3) Check TSS Circuit For Short To Power & Ground - On
pins No. 59 and 91, and test pins No. 71 and 97. Measure and record
resistance between test pins No. 59, 71, 91 and 97, and test pins No.
24, 51, 76, 77 and 103. On Sable and Taurus, measure and record
resistance between breakout box test pins No. 84 and 91, and test pins
No. 71 and 97. Measure and record resistance between test pins No. 71,
84, 91 and 97, and test pins No. 24, 51, 76, 77 and 103. If any
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resistance measured is less than 10 k/ohms, repair short circuit.

Connect all components. Disconnect breakout box and repeat Quick Test.
If resistance is 10 k/ohms or more, go to next step.
4) TSS Functional Test - Ensure TSS harness connector is
disconnected. Connect transmission tester to TSS component connector.
Connect voltmeter leads to appropriate tester TSS jacks. Set voltmeter
to 20-volt AC scale. Perform drive cycle test. See TRANSMISSION DRIVE
CYCLE TEST. If voltage increases with vehicle speed, replace PCM.
Connect all components. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Repeat
QUICK TEST. If voltage does not increase with speed, go to next step.
5) Check Resistance Of TSS - Connect ohmmeter leads to
appropriate Transmission Tester TSS jacks. If resistance is 100-200
ohms, go to next step. If resistance is not within specification,
replace TSS. Connect all components. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING
CODES. Perform drive cycle test. See TRANSMISSION DRIVE CYCLE TEST.
Repeat QUICK TEST.
6) Check TSS For Short To Ground - Check for continuity
between transmission tester TSS jacks and tester BAT(-) jack. If
continuity exists, go to next step. If continuity does not exist,
replace TSS. Connect all components. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING
CODES. Perform drive cycle test. See TRANSMISSION DRIVE CYCLE TEST.
Repeat QUICK TEST.
7) Check TSS Magnetism - Remove TSS from transaxle. See FORD
AX4N overhaul article. Determine if TSS magnetically attracted to
ferrous metal. If TSS acts like a magnet, go to next step. If TSS does
not stick to ferrous metal surface, replace TSS. Connect all
components. Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Perform drive cycle
test. See TRANSMISSION DRIVE CYCLE TEST. Repeat QUICK TEST.
8) Check Exciter Wheel - With TSS removed, inspect condition
of exciter wheel. Rotate engine with remote starter switch and ensure
all 4 teeth of exciter wheel are not damaged. Measure depth of each
tooth. Tooth depth should be .73-.80" (18.65-20.34 mm). Replace
exciter wheel if any teeth are damaged or tooth depth is not within
specification. See FORD AX4N overhaul article. Erase all DTCs. See
CLEARING CODES. Perform drive cycle test. See TRANSMISSION DRIVE CYCLE
TEST. Repeat QUICK TEST. If exciter wheel is not damaged and tooth
depth is within specification, replace TSS. Connect all components.
Erase all DTCs. See CLEARING CODES. Perform drive cycle test. See
TRANSMISSION DRIVE CYCLE TEST. Repeat QUICK TEST.
TEST H: SOLENOID MECHANICAL FAILURE

1) Electronic Diagnostics - Ensure transaxle harness
connector is fully seated. Ensure shift lever is in park. Connect NGS
tester or equivalent to DLC. Perform KOEO test until Continuous Memory
trouble code(s) have been displayed. Confirm DTCs P1714, P1715, P1716
and/or P1740 are still present. If any DTCs are also present for shift
solenoids or TFT sensor, repair those DTCs first. Erase all DTCs. See
TEST. Repeat QUICK TEST. If no other DTCs are also present for shift
solenoids or TFT sensor, replace appropriate solenoid. Go to next
step.
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2) Transmission Drive Cycle Test - Perform drive cycle test.

See TRANSMISSION DRIVE CYCLE TEST. If transaxle upshifts and
downshifts correctly, go to next step. If transaxle does not upshift
or downshift correctly, see TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD AX4N overhaul
article.
3) Retrieve DTCs - Ensure shift lever is in park. Connect NGS
tester or equivalent to DLC. Perform KOEO test until Continuous Memory
trouble code(s) have been displayed. Are DTCs P1714, P1715, P1716
and/or P1740 are still present, replace PCM. Erase all DTCs. See
TEST. If DTCs P1714, P1715, P1716 and/or P1740 are not present, test
is complete. If problem is still present, see TROUBLE SHOOTING in FORD
AX4N overhaul article.
WIRING DIAGRAMS
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Fig. 7:
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
1997 Continental (AX4N) Transaxle Wiring Diagram
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Fig. 8:
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
1998 Continental (AX4N) Transaxle Wiring Diagram
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Fig. 9:
Diagram
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
1997 Sable & Taurus (3.0L 2V With AX4N) Transaxle Wiring
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Fig. 10:
Diagram
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
Page 38

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Fig. 11:
Diagram
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
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Fig. 12:
Diagram
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
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Fig. 13:
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
1997 Taurus (3.4L SHO With AX4N) Transaxle Wiring Diagram
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Fig. 14:
Entire Article
1997 Ford Taurus
1998 Taurus (3.4L SHO With AX4N) Transaxle Wiring Diagram
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1997 Ford Taurus
END OF ARTICLE
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AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *

For AX4N transaxle mechanical testing and repair, see Ford

To ensure AX4N application, transaxle may be identified by

Perform all voltage tests with a Digital Volt-Ohmmeter

DESCRIPTION & OPERATION

3 On/Off solenoids for shifting.

PCM has built-in self-diagnosis, fail-safe code and warning

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

..................... Rt. Side Of Engine

Brake On/Off (BOO) switch may also be known as Brake Pedal

Brake On/Off (BOO) Switch

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

(SS3), disabling 4th gear. Malfunction of switch will cause lack of

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

2) When shift solenoid is always off, failure could be due to

Friday, November 25, 2005 03:19PM

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

Fig. 1: Shift Solenoid Always Off Failure Charts

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

Fig. 2: Shift Solenoid Always On Failure Charts

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid

For engine-related DTCs, see appropriate G - TESTS W/CODES

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)

TEST, 3 types of diagnostic trouble codes are

KOEO & KOER Codes (Hard Faults)

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

to go on and remain on until fault is repaired. If KOEO or KOER codes

Only transaxle-related trouble codes are listed. For

If self-test will not activate or TOOL COMMUNICATION ERROR

KOEO & KOER Self-Test Codes

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

All DTCs cleared from PCM memory.

To perform PCM reset using NGS scan tester, ensure connectors

Select vehicle and engine selection menu (optional).

All codes should now be cleared from PCM memory. If problem

Friday, November 25, 2005 03:20PM

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *

After each service or repair procedure has been completed,

Friday, November 25, 2005 03:20PM

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

Fig. 3: Identifying New Generation Star (NGS) Scan Tester

Select vehicle and engine selection menu.

Friday, November 25, 2005 03:20PM

2000 MRIC and Snap-on Tools Company

AUTO TRANS DIAGNOSIS - AX4N CONTROLS

requested by scan tester.

Select vehicle and engine selection menu.

Continuous Memory Self-Test

Select vehicle and engine selection menu.

ADDITIONAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

Additional diagnostic system features are available to help