ESO 203A: Introduction to Electrical Engineering (2014-15 Second Semester)

Assignment # 6 Solution
Problem #1:
320

j500

TR-1

C = 0.63662mF

TR-2
IR

V=s 19200Volt

=
R 0.8

a2:1

a1:1

j
Impendence of the capacitor =
=
5 j
2 50 0.63662 103

0.8 resistor referred to primary of TR-2 =a22 0.8

This along with j 5 impedance of capacitor has total impedance of ( a2 0.8 j 5 )
This referred to the primary side of TR-1
=

(a

a 0.8 j 5a12=
) ( Z L say )

2
2
1 2

For maximum power transfer,Source impedance = complex conjugate of load impedance.

or 0.8 a12 a2 2 + j 5a12 =320 + j 500
Compare real & imaginary parts,
a12=

500
=
5

100 or a1= 10

2
2
and 0.8 a=
320 or 0.8
=
a2 2
1 a2

320
,=
or a2
100

3.2
= 2
0.8

Total impedance seen by the ideal source of 19200 volt will be

2 320 = 640 (purely resistive)
Source current = Current flowing in primary of
TR-1
=

19200
= 3A
640

Current in the secondary of TR-1 = current in primary of TR-2 =30 a1 =30 A

Current in secondary of TR-2 = I R = 300 a2 = 600 A

Problem #2
The approx. equivalent circuit of the 25kVA, 2300/230 V (a=10) transformer is shown in Fig 1.

RcHV = 450 102 = 45000 ,X mHV = 300 102 = 30000

Page 1 of 7


Z e H z = Z e H =

5
42 + 52 tan 1 = 6.451.34
4
ReH= 4

jX e=
j5
H

I 2 ' = I 2 ( )

V1

RcHV =

45000

jX mHV
= j 30000

=
V2 ' 23000

LOAD
Z L

Fig. 1

= loadp.f angle,
=
I2

VA drawn by load Sload

=
2300 A
V2 '

'
V1 V2
% voltage regulation (VR)
=
=
100
V2 '

where,

V1= V2 ' + I 2 ( ) Z eH Z
S Z
load
e
=V2 ' +
H ( Z )
'
V2

Since V2 ' = Rated primary voltage (secondary refereed to primary)

which is fixed for voltage regulation calculation

VR will be maximum when V1 is maximum. This happens when,

i)

Sload = Sloadmax which can be rating of transformer or full load condition.

ii) =
z 0, p=
. f angle z
25 103
Therefore, for given transformer,
=
I 2'
51.34 =10.87 51.34 Amps
2300

=
V1 23000 + 6.451.34 10.87 ( 51.34=
) 2369.568 V
Worst case=
regulation

2369.568 2300
=
100 3.025 %
2300

Page 2 of 7

Problem #3
Given 10kVA, 2400/240 transformer, with Pcore(at rated voltage) = 100W,
andPcu(at half load)= 60 W
PCu I 2

( PCu ) full load I full load

( PCu )half load

(I

half load

( PCu ) full load = ( PCu )half

I full load

load
I
half load

1
60
240 Watt
( PCu ) full load =
=
0.5

Efficiency, full load

0.8 pf ( leading )

V2 I 2 cos 2
V2 I 2 cos 2 + Pcore + ( PCu ) full load

101
03 0.8
=
95.92 %
) + 100 + 240
(104 0.8
Problem #4
Given 20 kVA, 2200/220 Volt, 50 Hz, 1- transformer
Pcore(at rated voltage)= 200 watts
Pcu(80% of rated current) = 500 watts
Since,

Pcu I2

( Pcu ) full load

1
500
=
781.25 Watt
( Pcu )80% = 2 =
0.8
0.8

Efficiency, x % load =

output power
2
output power +
core loss + Pcu
( full load ) x

(a) Output power = 5 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging

Rated output power = 20 kVA
5 1
Therefore,=
x =

20 4

03 0.8
51
=
100 94.14%
2

03 0.8) + 200 + 781.25

( 51

(b) Output power = 10 kVA at 0.9 pf lagging

Page 3 of 7

 10 1
Therefore,=
x =

20 2

10 103 0.9
=
100 95.79%
2

1
3
0 0.9) + 200 + 781.25
(101

(c) Output power = 20 kVA at unity pf

20
Therefore,=
=
x =
1
20

03 0.8
101
=
100 95.32%
) + 200 + ( 781.251
2)
(10 103 0.8

(d) Output power = 10 kVA at 0.8 pf leading

10 1
Therefore,=
x =

20 2

03 0.8
51
=
100 95.29%
03 0.8
) + 200 + ( 781.250.5
2)
( 51
(e) Efficiency is maximum whenPcore= x2Pcu

=
x

200
100
= 50.6% of rated load
781.25

Max. efficiency,
=
max

V2 I 2 cos x
20 103 0.506 0.8
=
=
100 95.29%
V2 I 2 cos x + 2 Pcore 20 103 0.506 0.8 + 2 200

Problem #5
a)

11000 V / 250 V
Fig. 2

3 single phase transformers are available with rating 11000V /250 V each
Four combinations are possible to connect the LV & HV windings, so as to form
3- transformer bank.
If HV windings are connected in Star, rated line voltage will be = 3 11000 =

19 KV

Page 4 of 7

If HV windings are connected in Delta, rated line voltage will be = 11000 V=

11kV

Similarly when LV windings are connected in Star, VL= 433 V

Similarly when LV windings are connected in Delta, VL= 250 V =

433
V
3

Since the 3-phase transformer voltage ratings are given as 11000 V/433 V, the HV
and LV windings are connected in Delta and Star, respectively, as shown in Fig.3

IH

IL

VH = 11 V

VL = 433 V

3-ph
20 kw
0.8 pf
lagging
load

Fig. 3

VL I L Cos 32 KW
=
=
a) 3- output power of the transformer
bank 3

32000
IL =

= 53.33 A
3 433 0.8
Therefore secondary side line current, IL = 53.33A
Primary phase current = 53.33 (N2/N1) A
(Iph)HV = 53.33 (250/11000) = 1.21A
Since primary side is connected in Delta
Therefore, line current = 3(Iph)HV = 2.099A
Alternatively, 3 transformer ratio a3 =11000/433. Therefore,

I
IH = L

a3

=53.33

433
=2.099 A
11000

b) Equivalent impedance of each transformer, referred to H.V side, is given as

(300+j400) ohm.Magnetising and core loss components are neglected.
To draw the one phase diagram as in Fig. 4, connect primary delta winding into
equivalent star (per-phase voltage= 11/3 kV) and retain secondary in star (perphase voltage= 250 V). LV side per-phase voltage referred to HV side, V2 is
Page 5 of 7

11
00 kV). Therefore, the approximate equivalent (single
3
phase) circuit can be drawn as
j 400
300
taken as reference (

=
I 2 ' 2.099 ( 36.87 )

V1 ph

11
'
V=
0 kV
2
3

Fig. 4
' 11
Take LV side voltage referred to HV side as reference, V=
0
2
3
Therefore

11
V1 ph = (300 + j 400) 2.09 (0.8 j 0.6) +
103
3

V1 ph 7364.2382.287 V
=
Primary line to line voltage magnitude = 3 7364.238 = 12.755 KV
7364.238 6350.85
c) % Voltage Regulation(VR) =
100 =
15.956%
6350.85
Problem #6
Fig.5below shows open delta connections on HV and LV sides of the 10 kVA transformer.
10
103
= 24.096 A
415
b) Primary side current = 24.096(415/240) = 41.66A

With equivalent star phase voltages of V a , V b , and V c and considering V a as

reference , the phasor diagram can be drawn as shown in Fig. 6.
c) Pab = |Vab| |Ia|Cos(30 + ) = 415 24.096 cos( 30 + 36.870) = 3928.12W
a) Secondary side phase current of transformer
=

Pbc = |Vbc| |Ic|Cos(angle(Vbc) - angle(Ic))= 415 24.096 cos( 30 - 36.870) =

9928.04W
Total real power in open delta = Pab + Pbc = 13856.16W
3 phase power in delta-delta transformer = 3 41524.0960.8 = 23999.616 W

Page 6 of 7

Ia

415 V
b

Ib

LOAD

240 V

Ic
Fig 5

Vcb

Vc

Vab

(30

Ic

Vb

)
( 30 + )

30

Ib

Vb

d)

% increase
in power
=

Va

Ia

Fig. 6

23999.616 13856.16
=
100 73.2%
13856.16

Total power open delta ( V V connection )

Total power closed delta ( )

Page 7 of 7

13856.16
= 0.5773
23999.616