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Explore the use of animal fats as an oil feedstock in the manufacturing of biodiesel.
At lower blends akin to B5 (a mix of 5% biodiesel with 95% petro-diesel), the
excessive cloud level of the animal fats biodiesel does not have a lot impact on the
cloud level of the blend. The composition, or fatty acid profile, of assorted animal fat
is shown in Desk 1. These knowledge show how saturated the fats shall be, which in
turn determines how readily it will solidify because the temperature decreases. In
idea, the saturated fatty acids in animal fat should contribute to higher oxidative
stability for biodiesel. Nonetheless, in practice animal fat just isn't always more
stable than vegetable oil, because vegetable oils often comprise pure anti-oxidants.

Nonetheless, there are some drawbacks and challenges to utilizing animal fat
feedstocks. Animal fat are extremely saturated, which means that the fats solidifies
at a relatively excessive temperature. Due to this fact, biodiesel constructed from
animal fat has a high cloud point For example, biodiesel created grass fed from
beef tallow and pork lard has a cloud level in the range of fifty fiveF to 60F. B100
(pure biodiesel) created from animal fat should solely be utilized in a really warm
climate. When the animal fats is made into biodiesel, the priority about solidification
at decrease temperatures continues.

Soybean oil based mostly biodiesel usually has a cetane variety of about forty eightfifty two and petroleum-primarily based diesel gasoline is often between forty and
forty four. When animal fats biodiesel is mixed with petro-diesel, this excessive
cetane number will help the engine start more rapidly and run extra quietly.
However, it has been proven that biodiesel from animal fats tends to supply a
smaller enhance in NOx and in some instances no increase (McCormick et al.,
2001). The first reason for that is most likely that animal fat biodiesel has a high
cetane quantity (>60) compared with vegetable oil biodiesel (48 to 55).

About one-third of the fat and oils produced in the United States are animal fats.
Animal fat are engaging feedstocks for biodiesel because their value is considerably
lower than the price of vegetable oil. This is partly because the marketplace for
animal fats is rather more limited than the marketplace for vegetable oil, since a lot
of the animal fats produced within the U.S. shouldn't be thought of edible by
humans. Animal fat is currently added to pet meals and animal feed, and used for
industrial functions equivalent to cleaning soap making. Animal fat feedstocks will

be made into high-high quality biodiesel that meets the ASTM specifications for
biodiesel.

Animal fats include little or no of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic
acid and linolenic acid, that make vegetable oils corresponding to soybean oil and
linseed oil so susceptible to rancidity. Animal fat contain very little of the natural
anti-oxidants corresponding to vitamin E that shield vegetable oils. In some
circumstances, used cooking oils may additionally contain synthetic antioxidants
that are added to oil to extend their life, and these artificial anti-oxidants can in flip
lengthen the lifetime of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil.