DE LA SALLE - COLLEGE OF SAINT BENILDE

SCHOOL OF DESIGN AND ARTS

1ST TERM OF S.Y. 2013-2014

GROUP MEMBERS:
Ang, Hazel
Dino, Don
Isulat, Chester
Ramirez, Monica
Matias, Cenen
Sayson, Luis

THE IMPROVEMENT OF AIR VENTILATION IN THE SCENE SHOP

OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN AND ARTS BUILDING

Submitted to: Sir. Merant De Vera

Date Submitted: August 17, 2013

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Acknowledgement
We would like to give thanks to Professor Edward Que of Production Design for allowing us entrance to
the Scene Shop. We would also like to extend our gratitude to his students for allowing us an interview
and an insight about the Scene Shop. Because of them, we were able to identify the problems in the
room.
Thank you as well to Ar. Merant De Vera for aiding us in our research. His guidance helped us in
coming up with different solutions in solving the problem, as well as pointing out our mistakes for
correction. As well as our teams cooperation in which each one of us showed his/her efforts in order to
come up with solutions for our project proposal.
We would like to give thanks to our Almighty Father for his blessing and forgiveness. Lastly, we would
like to give thanks to our family and friends for the moral support and guidance they provided us.

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Abstract

Our project proposal took into considering the Scene Shop located at the fifth floor of the School of
Design and Arts. Rooms such as the Scene Shop are used as a storage room and the crafting of props
to be used in stage plays. In lieu with that the group observed that the specified area has intake, but
does not provide any outtake. Moreover, another problem detected in the designated area is the
crafting of these props; there are a lot of dusts from the sawing of wood and foul smell from the
spraying of paint, varnish or glue. Another main problem is that the windows in the Scene Shop are
fixed, thus not having enough ventilation.
Overall according to our research, the accumulation of dust and foul smell can cause breathing
problems such as asthma, allergic reaction and other disease.
Through our research, our group proposed three basic solutions regarding the given problem. One of
which is to provide an outtake on specific locations in the room; another solution would be the usage of
awning windows and the additions of foyer for dust control and better ventilation.

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I.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
A. Chapter 1: Introduction....5
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Goals and Objectives
B. Chapter 2: Literature Review...6-10
C. Chapter 3: Methodology....11-16
D. Chapter 4: Results and Discussion.17-23
i. Addition of Foyer for Dust Control17-22

OPTION1...17-18

OPTION2...19-20

OPTION3...21-22
MATERIAL PRICING...23
ii. Provision of Exhaust Fans.24-30

POSSIBLE LOCATIONS....24-26
MATERIAL COSTINGS...27-28
ILLUSTRATIONS......29-30

iii. Alteration of Windows31

MATERIALS AND COSTING..31-32

LOCATION...33
ILLUSTRATIONS.....34-36

E. Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations...37

F. Glossary 38
G. List of Works Cited..39
H. Appendix40

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A.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Statement of the Problem

For the groups project proposal, the scene shop located at the 5th floor, which is
supposedly a working area for the SDA students (specifically the Industrial Design and
Production Design students) hands on projects such as creating furniture pieces or even
theatrical props. Unfortunately, given the situation the users wouldnt fully utilize the
area due to a major setback, which is not having proper ventilated room. Since some
projects would involve a lot of woodworks, cutting and gluing and painting and
varnishing, the given location doesnt have enough exhausts, open windows or even
dust control. The problem doesnt only cause inconvenience but health risks to the
users.
Significance of the Studies
Through our research the group proposed three solutions: by providing proper
ventilation through dust control foyer, adding exhausts and alteration of fixed windows.
The provided solutions will enhance the students performance in developing their
respective projects. It will also lessen the health risks of inhaling unwanted dusts or
hazardous odor emitted from the paint, varnishes, glue, or wood materials. Through
that the full potential of the large space at the scene shop, 5th floor is maximized.
Goals and Objectives
Goals:
The scene shop at the 5th floor will be a convenient space in which would allow the
students to use the area for long durations of time when constructing their respective
school projects, making the space useful. Through the improvement of its air ventilation,
dust control and exhaust, cutting woodworks, painting, gluing and varnishing would be
manageable. In addition, the solution would also comprise to the students with asthma
or other respiratory disease and reducing the risk of having health problems with
students who dont have respiratory disease or asthma.
Objectives:
o
To provide exhaust fans in the area
o
To replace the existing fixed windows
o
To prevent saw dusts going to the hallway of the 5th floor through additions of
foyer

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B. Chapter 2: Literature Review

A space without proper ventilation causes high health problem risks. Inhaling of dusts and other
chemical odors may cause not only asthmas, but also allergies, rhinitis, an inflammation of the mucous
membrane, inflammation of the trachea (tracheitis) or the bronchi (bronchitis) may be seen. Also some
other diseases may include dryness and irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, headache, fatigue,
shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea. According to (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health &
Safety, 2012) the table further portrays the different diseases linked to inhalation of particles.
Inorganic Dust

Type of Disease

Asbestos

Asbestosis

Iron

Siderosis

Tin

Stannosis
Organic Dust

Mouldy hay, straw and grain

Farmer's lung

Droppings and feathers

Bird fancier's lung

Compose dust

Mushroom worker's lung

Dust or mist

Humidifier fever

Dust of heat-treated sludge

Sewage sludge disease

Mould dust

Cheese washers' lung

Given that the fixed windows without

exhausts located in the scene shop is not
recommendable. To further explain the given
statement. According to (National Building
Code of the Philippines, Section 808,
Window Openings, 2005) Every room
intended for any use, not provided with
artificial ventilation system as herein
specified in this Code, shall be provided with
a window or windows with total free area of
openings equal to at least 10% of the floor area of the room, and such window should be directly
opened to a court, yard, public street or alley, or open water courses. Therefore we would change the
said fixed windows to awning windows.

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It is important to control the airflow because it reduces energy loss, ensures occupant comfort and
health, and control moisture damage. In addition it is driven by these factors, such as, wind pressure,
stack effect and mechanical air handling equipment and furnaces. It has long been recognized that the
control of air flow is a crucial and intrinsic part of heat and moisture control in modern building
enclosures [Wilson 1963, Garden 1965]. That this statement is true for all climates has been a more
recently developed awareness [Lstiburek 1994].

That being the case, there are

three reasons why control of
airflow is important to building
performance:
1. Moisture control water vapor
in the air can be deposited within
the envelope by condensation
and cause serious health,
durability, and performance
problems.
2. Energy savings air leaking out
of a building must be replaced
with outdoor air which requires
energy
to
condition
it.
Approximately 30% to 50% of
space conditioning energy consumption in many well-insulated buildings is due to air leakage
through the building enclosure. Convective circulation and wind washing both reduce the
effectiveness of thermal insulation and thus increase energy transfer across the envelope.
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3. Comfort and health cold drafts and the excessively dry wintertime air that results from excessive air
leakage directly affect human comfort, wind-cooled portions of the interior of the enclosure
promote condensation which supports biological growth which in turn affects indoor air quality,
airborne sound transmission control requires good airflow control, and odors and gases from
outside and adjoining buildings often annoy or cause health problems.
Moreover, a pressure difference between two points, and continuous flow path or opening connecting
the points must be taken into consideration for airflow to occur.
There are three primary mechanisms that generate the pressure differences required for airflow within
and through buildings
Wind - Wind forces act on all buildings, typically creating a positive pressure on the windward
face and negative (suction) pressures on the walls. Bernoulli's equation can be used to calculate the
pressure imposed on a building as function of wind speed.
Stack effect or buoyancy - Stack effect pressures are generated by differences in air density
with temperature. Thus, Infiltration of warm moist air in warm weather can cause as many problems as
exfiltration of warm moist air in the winter
Mechanical air handling equipment and appliances - Fans and blowers generate large
pressures and cause the movement of air within buildings through enclosures. If more air is exhausted
from a building than is supplied, a net negative pressure is generated and vice versa

To further enhance proper ventilation of the area, we would be proposing exhaust fans in specific
locations. Below are the specific types and proper usage of exhaust fan to be used in the area taken
from (7 Types of Exhaust Fans and How to Use Them, 1995).
A. Ceiling Mounted Exhaust Fans:
If you have an upstairs room in need of better air flow, a ceiling mounted fan is your best bet. These are
mounted from the ceiling of a
room, and they remove the air
inside through a hole in the
ceiling. Often, a ceiling
mounted fan makes use of a
hole in a buildings attic.

These types of fans actually

pull out the air inside the

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building and expel it outside. Exterior exhaust fans are particularly suited to those who do not want any
noise issues, since in this case any noise emitted from the fan would be outside of the house.
C. Inline Exhaust Fans:
In case you wish to install a fan in a room which is difficult to ventilate, you should consider an inline
exhaust fan. These fans are mounted in between the ducting, so that the bad air is expelled through the
ducts.
After series of research and analysis our group decided that the Ceiling Mounted Exhaust Fans,
Exterior Exhaust Fans and Inline Exhaust Fans would be best solution for the problem.

Other types would include:

D. Wall Mounted Exhaust Fans
These types of fans are ideal if you do not wish to spend a lot of time devising and planning your fans
installation. A wall mounted fan is installed to an external wall of your house, and enables the air inside
to exit straight through the fan itself.
E. Kitchen Exhaust Fans
These are a common addition in many kitchens, since they are very useful to have them installed over
the stove. Kitchen exhaust fans are an excellent way of removing the unavoidable smells which are
inherent in any kitchen. They are also perfectly suited to lessen the moisture level of your kitchen.

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F. Bathroom Exhaust Fans

After taking a bath or a shower, moisture will inevitably accumulate on the surface of your bathroom
tiles and mirrors. Installing an exhaust fan in your bathroom will ensure that the moisture resulting from
washing will be easily eliminated. Moreover, bathroom exhaust fans are usually smaller and more
affordable than any other kind of exhaust fan on the market.
G. Exhaust Fans Including Lights
Apart from doing what a normal exhaust fan does, these type of combo fans can also lighten up your
ventilated area. This is a great way of making the fan more innocuous, since it would blend in the
atmosphere as if it was just another light source.

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C. Chapter 3: Methodology
This research was conducted in order to determine whether it is needed to install a better air ventilation
system in the scene shop at the 5th floor. The advantages and disadvantages as well as the reliability of
this instrument were also part of the objectives. In order to answer these research goals, we opted to
obtain the view of students that use the Scene shop in line with this topic. Specifically, a total of 60
respondents from two courses: Industrial design and Production design were randomly selected to
make up the sample. Selected participants answered a survey questionnaire in a Multi Point Format.
Data gathered from this research instrument were computed for interpretation. Along with the primary
data, we also made use of secondary resources in the form of published articles and literatures to
support the results. To help the group find the best solution, they will formulate a table for comparison
of quality, cost and the like. Also, to include three options for each solution were also given into
consideration to compare and weigh things even better.
Analysis
Based on the survey conducted, 80% of the respondents strongly agree that they would always smell
paint when they are working on their project. 9% would agree, 5% would disagree, and 0% would
strongly disagree.
Our follow up question was there should be a system that takes out the odor, 85% strongly agreed, 5%
agreed, 3% disagree, 1% strongly disagree.
The last question was the dust spread in the entire shop, 74% strongly agreed, 12% agreed, 6%
disagreed, 4% strongly disagree.
Upon the results of the survey, the group analyzed that proper ventilation was the main problem of the
scene shop. That would later cause lesser amount of time students would spend working in the scene
shop. That would result to delay in making of projects to students due to unbearable spread of odor
and dusts working inside the shop. Another main problem would be the students would have higher
risks of having respiratory disease. Those who already have asthma, allergy or other related disease,
obviously couldnt work inside the shop.
The Scene Shop is enclosed with no exhaust fans and any other openings. The windows installed are
fixed typed.

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Fig.1 One
of
the
reasons
why
the
Scene
Shop has
bad
air
ventilation
because
the place
is enclosed
and
the
windows
are fixed

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Fig.2 & 3 No dust control and exhaust vents are to be found.

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SCENE SHOP FLOOR PLAN

SCALE

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NTS

Chapter 4: Results and Discussions

SOLUTION: ADDITION OF FOYER FOR DUST CONTROL
OPTION NO.: 1
There is only one foyer which would regulate the dust from passing through the corridors. The foyer is
located exactly at the entrance of the scene shop. Option1 is cheaper compared to the other 2 options,
but inefficient since its directly blocking the hallway adjacent to it. Since its not directly onto the scene
shop some dusts might not even pass through the foyer.

ADDITIONS OF FOYER OPTION1 FLOORPLAN

SCALE

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NTS

ADDITIONS OF FOYER OPTION1 PERSPECTIVE VIEWS

SCALE

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NTS

OPTION NO.: 2
It would consist of two foyers which is directly facing the scene shop. Since the space is 10 m wide the
foyers would be a bit bigger compared to Option 1 thus making it more costly, but in terms of efficiency
the option 2 is more effective than option 1. Since the foyer is located in the scene shop and it wouldnt
obstruct any hallway. Plus all the dusts would first be regulated by the two parts (1. into the foyer, 2.
after the foyer, but still inside the scene shop).

ADDITIONS OF FOYER OPTION2 FLOORPLAN

SCALE

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NTS

ADDITIONS OF FOYER OPTION2 PERSPECTIVE VIEW

SCALE

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NTS

OPTION NO.: 3
It would consist of 4 foyers which is also directly facing the scene shop. In terms of costing, option 3
is the most expensive compared to the other two. While this is the case, in terms of efficiency option
3 is also effective, but the downside of this is that it eats up the space of the scene shop.

ADDITIONS OF FOYER OPTION3 FLOORPLAN

SCALE

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NTS

ADDITIONS OF FOYER OPTION3 PERSPECTIVE VIEW

SCALE

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NTS

Material Pricing
PLYWOOD
Standard Cut = 1.22m x 2.44m (2.9768 sq. m) (4mm thickness) = Php 300
OPTION 1 = 71.87 SQ. M (25 pcs plywood boards) = Php 7 500
OPTION 2 = 160 SQ. M (54 pcs plywood boards) = Php 16 200
OPTION 3 = 358.76 SQ. M (121 pcs plywood boards) = Php 36 300
PAINT
1 Can = 4 Liters = can cover 20 25 sq. m = Php 300
OPTION 1 = 4 Cans = Php 1 200
OPTION 2 = 8 Cans = Php 2 400
OPTION 3 = 13 Cans = Php 3 900
NAILS
1 KG = Php 55
OPTION 1 = 3Kg = Php 165
OPTION 2 = 4Kg = Php 220
OPTION 3 = 5Kg = Php 275
OPTION
NO.
1

MATERIALS

QUANTITY

Plywood,
Paint, Nails
-DO-

-DO-

25 PW,
Cans, 3Kg
54 PW, 8 P 18 820
Cans, 4Kg
121 PW, 13 P 40 475
Cans, 5Kg

OPTION
NO.
1
2
3

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COST
OF TOTAL
MATERIAL
COST
4 P 8 865
P 8 865

INSTALLATION TOTAL
COST
P 2000
P10 865

P 18 820

P 6000

P24 820

P 40 475

P 10 000

P50 475

DURABILITY

EFFECTIVENESS

EFFICIENCY

QUALITY

AESTHETICS

GOOD
GOOD
GOOD

GOOD
VERY GOOD
VERY GOOD

FAIR
GOOD
GOOD

GOOD
GOOD
GOOD

FAIR
VERY GOOD
VERYGOO

SOLUTION 2: INSTALLATION OF EXHAUST FANS

LOCATION OF EXHAUST FANS1

LOCATION OF EXHAUST FANS1
SCALE

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NTS

LOCATION OF EXHAUST FANS2

LOCATION OF EXHAUST FANS2
SCALE

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NTS

LOCATION OF EXHAUST FANS3

LOCATION OF EXHAUST FANS3
SCALE

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NTS

MATERIALS AND COSTING:

OPTION NO.1: Inline exhaust
These fans are mounted in between the ducting, so that the bad air is expelled
through the ducts.

Size:
Small
Model Number:
6 inch inline fan
quiet operation inline fan:
high speed inline fan
High quality Molded
Excellent value price performance
Impeller:
Type:
Multi-Span Agricultural Greenhouses
Place of Origin:
Zhejiang China (Mainland)
CE,UL recognized: metal housing
Cover Material:
steel
Brand Name:
TRILITE ,OEM
high quality molder impeller: with luxury leather cover to reduce virbration
Price: Php 1200 3500 /piece
OPTION NO.2: Ceiling Mounted Exhaust
If you have an upstairs room in need of better air flow, a ceiling mounted fan is your
best bet. These are mounted from the ceiling of a room, and they remove the air inside
through a hole in the ceiling. As such, more often than not a ceiling mounted fan makes use
of a hole in a buildings attic.

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Model NO.:APT-A, APT-R

Power Supply:Electric
Application:Household
Remote Controlled:No
Timer:No
Certification:EMF
Speed:1 Speed
Power:<100W
Material:Plastic
Installation:Wall Mounted
Type:Ventilation Fan
Size:6", 8", 10", 12"

Price: 1500-6000 pesos per piece.

OPTION NO. 3: Exterior Exhaust

Exterior exhaust fans are particularly suited to those who do not want any noise
issues, since in this case any noise emitted from the fan would be outside of the house.

H12025B1HL 120*120*25mmAC FAN

1. 110/120/220/240/380 V (rated voltage)
2. 2000/2200RPM
Frame type:die-cast aluminum
Impeller:Glass fiber reinforced plastic
Bearing:ball bearing&sleeve bearing
Operation Voltage: 10% of rated voltage
Storage temperature:-40C-+80C@65%Relative humidity
Operation temperature:- 30C-+75C@ 65%Relative humidity
Dielectric streength :AC 1800Vfor 2sec. (< 0.5mAallowable, between terminal(lead)(+) and frame)
Safe:Designed to meet UL\CCC\CE certification.
Life: 60,000 hours for ball bearing or 30,000 hours for sleeve bearing @ 25C 25C,65% 20%
relative humidity continuous operation.
Price: 500-1200 pesos per piece.

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Illustration of an inline exhaust fan

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Illustration of an exterior exhaust fan

Illustration of an ceiling exhaust fan

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SOLUTION 3: Window replacement

OPTION NO. 1: Casement window type

Pros:

This type of window opens all the way outward thus providing excellent natural ventilation and
light.

It could catch wind especially when the breeze is limited and flows into a sharp angle through
the sash that acts as a flap. In addition, these sash press against the frame creating an airtight
seal that prevent air entry and leakage.

Cons:

It cant accept air conditioners

The dimension of the casement window cant be too large or too heavy since it is designed to
open outward.

OPTION NO. 2: Awning window type

Pros:

It can be placed higher in walls than other types of windows; because of this it can provide
natural light and ventilation and maximum wall space for design aspects.

Because of how it is operated, water seeping into the building wont be a threat and it also
offers superior seal against air pass through.

Cons:

Unsafe for high traffic areas of the exterior home for it can collide with the windows jutting
sashes.

It requires frequent washing, because the open sash are slanted so they become dirty faster.

It could make a fast escape, but difficult in case of a fire or other dangerous situation and entry.

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OPTION NO. 3: Hopper window type

Pros:

Provide mush ventilation in compact spaces.

The function is the same as casement window and awning window.

Best for bathrooms and basements

Cons:

Entry of debris and water becomes a threat for this type of window because of how it is
operated.

Intruders can easily enter, but is good for escape.

MATERIAL ECONOMICAL
Steel
Aluminum
Vinyl
(PVC)

INSULATION

MAINTENANCE

DURABILITY

AESTHETICS

GOOD
SATISFACTORY GOOD
GOOD
SATISFACTORY
VERY GOOD
SATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY VERY GOOD
SATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY VERY GOOD
VERY GOOD
VERY GOOD

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LOCATION OF WINDOWS
LOCATION OF WINDOWS
SCALE

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NTS

Casement window

Section view of casement window

Elevation

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Awning window

Section view of awning window

Elevation
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Hopper window

Section view of hopper window

Elevation
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Chapter5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Therefore our group had found out that the best option for solution no. 1 is option no. 2
because it is efficient and less expensive compared to option nos. 1 and 3. Option 1 is also less
expensive but then its not that efficient as option no. 2 for the reason that the design blocks the door at
the hallway upon entering through the classrooms. As for option no. 3, although it is also effective but it
is more expensive that the other 2 options and it takes up the a lot of space
In addition, for installation of exhaust fans, option no. 3 was the best one to apply since it
occupies the interior and exterior. The inline type of exhaust is like blowers that take in bad air near and
far from the walls
Lastly, the best type of window replacement is the awning window since it compliments the
design of the building and it works best with air-conditioned rooms.

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Glossary
Asbestos
A fibrous carcinogenic silicate mineral
Use: formerly, heat-resistant materials.
Awning window
A plastic, canvas, or metal porch or shade supported by a frame and often foldable, placed
over a storefront, doorway, window, or the side of a recreational vehicle
Bronchi
A tube leading from the windpipe to a lung, which provides for the passage of air
Casement Window
A window that opens on hinges located at one side, as distinct from one that slides up and
down
Foyer
The entrance hall or vestibule in a private space
Hopper Window
A large funnel-shaped container for storing and dispensing grain, fuel, or other materials
Plywood
Wood mostly use as a construction materials with given sizes
Trachea
A large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the
bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs
Ventilation
The means of supplying fresh air to an enclosed space, e.g. an opening or equipment installed
in a building

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G. WORKS CITED

DoItYourself . (1995). 7 Types of Exhaust Fans and How to Use Them. Retrieved 2013, from
DoItYourself.com: http://www.doityourself.com/stry/7-types-of-exhaust-fans-and-how-to-usethem#b
STUDENTS, I. D. (2013, June). SCENE SHOP CONDITIONS SURVEY. (E. Ang, M. Ramirez, D. Dino,
C. Isulat, & C. Matias, Interviewers)
Vertical Response Group. (2013). Awning Windows: Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved from
ReplacementWindowsForDummies.com:
http://www.replacementwindowsfordummies.com/articles/awning-windows-advantages-anddisadvantages
Vertical Response Group. (2013). Casement Windows: Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved
2013, from ReplacementWindowsForDummies.com:
http://www.replacementwindowsfordummies.com/articles/casement-windows-advantages-anddisadvantages
Wallender, L. (2013). A Couple of Good Things About Casement Windows. Retrieved 2013, from
About.com: http://homerenovations.about.com/od/windowsanddoors/a/artcasementbene.htm
Windows. Connect. (2011). Hopper Windows. Retrieved 2013, from Windows. Connect:
http://www.replacementwindowsconnect.com/styles/hopper-windows/

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H. Appendix

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