1.4 SAFA European Process - COL

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop
Colombo, Feb, 6th 10th 2012
SAFA European Process

Civil Aviation Cooperation
France COSCAP SA Sri Lanka
SAFA Workshop
Module 4 - SAFA European Process
Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

Tools to identify safety deficiencies regarding ICAO standards
In the future Information

from the PART-TCO analysis
SAFA programme
Analyze of the
USOAP results
Information on
safety
deficiencies
Audits of the EC
on-site visits
Actions from the EU :

ban / restriction
Significant Safety
Concerns issued by
ICAO
Analyze of the
IASA results


How are the safety information gathered through
- SAFA ramp inspections,
- USOAP / IASA results,
- Visits carried out by the European Commission,
- General information on safety deficiencies,
analized and used at an European Level ?
Final aim :
- Identification of safety deficiencies,
- Taking relevant actions on the basis of the deficiencies identifed

Agenda : SAFA European Process
1. Analysis of the SAFA database
2. Prioritization process
3. European Safety List process


Some Figures
Number of Reports
> 90.000 (1996-2010)
> 11.750 (2010)
Database User Organisations
42 ECAC Member States
EASA, European Commission, ECAC
Number of Operators / State of Operators involved

more than 2500 Operators, 200 States of Operator

Basic Process
Facts
Contributing factors
No. of Inspections (I)

No. of Individual
Inspected Items (III)
Category & Description of Findings
Ratios F/I, F/III
(+ Operator file)
Operators
State of Operators
State of Registry
State of Inspection
A/C registrations
A/C type
Technical or Operational issues
related to the Inspection item(s)
No. of Findings (F)
Causal Relationship ?


IDEA meeting
In Depth Expert Analysis Group
EASA analyses the results of the ramp inspections,
EASA advise the Commission/MS on immediate actions or follow-up

policy and report potential safety problems to them.
Analysis of the outcome of the SAFA ramp inspections performed

over a one year-period,
Analysis based on the ORB ratio.

ORB Ratio
Formula :
0.25 F1 + 1 F2 + 2 F3
I
n = category of findings, 1: minor, 2: significant, 3: major
Fn = number of category n findings
I = number of inspections
Operator ratio = averaging individual ratios of Operator aircraft
State ratio = averaging individual ratios aircraft operated by Operators from State


ORB Analysis
Higher the number of

discrepancies / inspection
identified
Higher the ORB ratio

ORB Analysis
ORB Ratio
It only remains a figure,

THE magic number does not exist !


ORB Analysis
ORB Ratio
It only remains a figure,

THE magic number does not exist !
It needs to be analyzed thoroughly to assess the actual picture of the safety
level of operations of an airline (going back to the reports themselves),
However, it gives a pretty good hint on the safety performance of the airline.
Remains a hint only !

Further detailed analysis to be conducted

ORB Analysis
Analysis on a regular interval (4 months)
Starts with a quality review of the data reported by the Member States
Output:
top 2 ranking list
In-depth analysis performed


Elements of the Analysis

In-depth review : back to the findings entered into the database to :
Ensure :
1. the legitimacy of the findings entered,
2. good categorization in accordance with the PDF list,
Identify :
1. the potential safety problems,
2. the areas of concerns of these operators.

Elements of the Analysis

T-24
Taking into account the trend of the operator in terms of ORB safety performance
Comparison with previous 12 months periods (T-4 months, T-8 months, T-12 months)
++ (sharply increasing), + (increasing), 0 (stable), - (decreasing), -- (sharply decreasing)
T-20
T-16
T-12
T-8
T-4
Operator Ratio 1
Operator Ratio 2
Operator Ratio 3
Short trend
Operator Ratio 4
Long trend


Aim of the Analysis

Objectives
Giving recommendations to the Commission on actions to be taken
4 Levels of recommendations :
L0 : no special action or withdrawal from the prioritization list,
L1 : include (or maintain) this operator into the prioritization list,
L2 : L1 + EC request for corrective actions to address the safety concerns,
L3 : L2 + EC further investigation of the case of the operator
(in the frame of the next ASC-BL).

Outcome of the Analysis

Our two incoming topics !
Main output of the IDEA meeting :
Update of the Prioritization List
Proposals for a review in the frame of the
next Air Safety Committee (Safety List)



2. Prioritization Process
Basic Principle
Allocate more resources (inspections) where it is needed : on airlines where
previous records show a high number of safety deficiencies or a safety threat,
Avoid the over-inspection effect on some airlines.
Objectives
Identify a good trend,
Confirm the systemic nature of the safety deficiencies previously identified.


2. Prioritization Process
European regulation EC 351/2008

Mandates Prioritising Inspections of certain Operators,
Air Safety Committee identifies priority Operators through :

Operators identified by information gathered under Regulation 2111/2005,
All Operators listed in Annex B of Community List,
Operators operating under an NAA of a Community Listed airline,
Operators identified by the analysis of the EASA.

10


3. European Safety List Process
Legal Basis : EC regulation 2111/2005

Establishment and Publication of a Community List of Operators
that are banned (Annex A) or have an operational restriction imposed
(Annex B)
Establishment of common criteria for imposing an operating ban
Informing air passengers of the identity of the air carrier operating the
flights

Legal Basis : EC regulation 2111/2005

Common criteria - Overview
- Serious safety deficiencies through :
1. SAFA ramp inspections : serious deficiencies or persistent failure to address deficiencies,
2. Operating ban imposed on a air carrier by a third country,
3. Accident or serious incidents showing latent systemic safety deficiencies,
- Lack of ability / willingness of an air carrier :
1. Lack of transparency or adequate timely communication from the air carrier,
2. Inappropriate or insufficient corrective action plan presented after the identification of
serious safety deficiencies,
- Lack of ability / willingness of the authorities responsible for the oversight of an air
carrier:
1. Insufficient ability of the competent authorities to implement safety standards,
2. Lack of cooperation of the competent authorities.
11


Air Safety Committee : Safety List

List is updated to include new operators or remove
operators,
List is updated to modify the conditions of a ban or

operational restriction,
Community List is published in the Official Journal of the

European Union and on http://ec.europa.eu/transport/airban/list_en.htm
Air Safety Committee organized every 3/4 months


Information considered only technical intel !

No other consideration than technical information
SAFA reports
Accidents /
incidents
Air Safety
Committee
Experts assessment
European Commission
Lack of ability
from the
authority to
perform the
oversight
Lack of relevant
answer from the
authority and/or
the airline
EASA
Member States of EU
12



List will be updated to include new operators or remove
operators
List will be updated to modify the conditions of a ban or

operational restriction
Community List is published in the Official Journal of the

European Union and on http://ec.europa.eu/transport/airban/list_en.htm
How to be removed
from the Safety List ?

As a conclusion
The European Union developed tools to enable :
The Identification of safety deficiencies
leading to
Actions on the basis of the deficiencies identifed
13


Questions ?

Special Extra
Third Country Authorisation process
Presentation of the system implemented in France,

Presentation of the results of the French TCO system.
14


WHY ?
Why has the French DGAC implemented a French Technical questionnaire ?

Flash Airlines Charm El Cheikh Jan 3rd 2004
148 casualties
15


295 casualties in 10 days (6th 16th August 2005)
th August
West
Helios
Caribbean
Tuninter
Airways
Airways
Palerme
Greece
Venezuela
4th14August
2005
16th2005
August 2006

Following the incidents and accidents of August 2005, 2 practical measures were
announced by the French Minister of Transport :
Increase significantly the oversight of the French DGAC on foreign airlines

through :
- Technical assessment previously to landing permissions being granted
(Technical Questionnaire),
- Increase the quantity of ramp inspections on the whole French
territory,
- Implement the Risk Based Approach on inspections of foreign airlines
(reinforced action on critical cases, maximization of the coverage of the
French ramp inspections).
Create the Foreign Airlines Observatory (in charge of the Foreign Airlines
Oversight for the French DGAC).
16


WHY ?
Final objective :
Collecting some safety-relevant information on the technical level of an
airline before the aircraft is coming to France,
Filtering those airlines / aircraft that are not meeting ICAO requirements on
safety-critical matters (that are unacceptable for the French DGAC),
Avoiding critical issues to be discovered on the ramp without corrective
actions possible.
Before landing permissions are granted to foreign airlines

WHY ?

Assessment through the technical
questionnaire (foreign airlines observatory)
Traffic right
departement
Technical
Assessment
TCO
Positive Technical assessment : landing permission granted

Negative Technical assessment : landing permission denied
If positive technical assessment, a SAFA ramp inspection will be planed
on the first flight to complement the assessment done on paper
17


WHO ?
Who is subject to the technical questionnaire procedure ?

Any new non-EU air carrier (which never operated to France),
Any non-EU air carrier which has not operated to France for more than
two years (calendar years),
Any non-EU air carrier, having already received traffic rights during the last
two years, fulfilling the following criteria :
- New aircraft-type : If this air carrier would like to operate flights to
the French territory with a new aircraft-type, the latest having never
been authorized by the French DGAC services,
- New aircraft (MSN) : If this air carrier has already satisfactorily filledin the technical questionnaire for some aircraft registrations and would
like to extend the previous authorizations or get new ones for new
aircraft tail numbers of the same aircraft-type,

WHAT ?
What is requested by the French technical questionnaire procedure ?
18


WHAT ?
General information on the airline and its oversight authority

WHAT ?
Information on the authorizations / limitations granted

Check of the Air Operator Certificate,

Check of the Operations Specifications.
19


WHAT ?
Information on the authorizations / limitations granted

Check of the Air Operator Certificate,

Check of the Operations Specifications.
Check of the compliance with the intended operations

(area of operations, aircraft type, RVSM, B-RNAV, RNP, MNPS )

WHAT ?
Information on the aircraft wished to be operated

Check of the usual aircraft documents (CofA, CofR),
Check of the safety-relevant equipments installed on this aircraft (EGPWS,
ACAS/TCAS, ELT, Quick donning type of oxygen masks, FDR, CVR ).

Evidence of compliance will be requested

(STC + maintenance act or extract of OPS Manual or
list of equipments fitted on the aircraft )
20


WHAT ?
Information on the aircraft wished to be operated

Check of the usual aircraft documents (CofA, CofR),
Check of the safety-relevant equipments installed on this aircraft (EGPWS,
ACAS/TCAS, ELT, Quick donning type of oxygen masks, FDR, CVR ).

Evidence of compliance will be requested

(STC + maintenance act or extract of OPS Manual or
list of equipments fitted on the aircraft )
A mere declaration or statement will not be considered as enough

WHAT ?
Information on the pilots of the airline

Check of their training requirements (proficiency checks),
Check of their medical class requirements,
Check of their English language proficiency requirements.

21


WHAT ?
Information on the OPS of the airline

Check of the approval of the MEL,
Check of the implementation of SMS or FDAP,
Check of their methods of operations (W&B, OFP, Fuel calculation).


WHAT ?
Information on the maintenance management of the airline

Check of the approval of the MCM and maintenance programme,
Information on the personal at the station entitled to sign a release to service,
Other information on the maintenance practices of the airline.

22


WHAT ?
Information on the maintenance management of the airline

Information on the latest heavy maintenance (check C) carried on the aircraft

Year
Results
Number of technical
questionnaires reviewed
2006
16
More than 500 TCO reviewed over the last 5 years
2007
36
2008
44
Technical
objections raised around
55 times over the last 4 years
2009
123
2010
144
More than 10% of the application
2011
150
23


Results
Reasons identified for raising a negative technical assessment (or restrictions)
Lack of installation of ICAO-compliant equipments

(EGPWS, TCAS/ACAS, ELT )
Pilots with medical class II only
Pilots with one proficiency check per year
Lack of proper authorization (B-RNAV, DG )
Lack of implementation of a FDAP

Special Extra
Questions ?
24


Special Extra
SAFA ramp inspections on General Aviation Flights
A substantial change occured with the new amendments (28&29) of
ICAO, Annex 6, Part II
Applicable since
November 2010

Special Extra

New structure in 3 Sections :
Definitions / Applicability
Standards applicable to any
GA operation
MTOW > 5.7 tons and/or

turbojet aeroplanes
Additional Standards
applicable to certain aircraft
operated in GA
25


Special Extra

New structure in 3 Sections :
From a practical perspective
Only
Small Aircraft
&
Large Aircraft

Whats new ?
For aircraft operated in accordance with Section 2 and 3
MEL
before
NIL
26


Whats new ?
MEL
NOW
New Instructions

Whats new ?
MEL
NOW
New Findings
27


Whats new ?
OPS Manual
before
AFM only

Whats new ?
OPS Manual
NOW
New Instructions
28


Whats new ?
OPS Manual
NOW
New Findings

Whats new ?
OPS Manual
NOW
On the required content of the OPS Manual
29


Whats new ?
OPS Manual
NOW
On the required content of the OPS Manual
In the OPS Manual

Whats new ?
Checklist
before
Nothing
30


Whats new ?
NOW
Checklist
New Instructions

Whats new ?
Checklist
NOW
New Findings
31


Whats new ?
Harness
before
Seat belts only

Whats new ?
Harness
NOW
New Instructions
32


Whats new ?
Harness
NOW
New Findings

Whats new ?
Quick donning masks
before
Nothing !
33


Whats new ?
Quick donning masks
NOW
New Instructions

Whats new ?
Quick donning masks
NOW
New Findings
34


As a conclusion
Whats new ?
Lots of major changes :

- OPS Manual,
- MEL (and therefore identification/assessment of defects)
- Checklists,
- Harnesses,
- Quick donning oxygen masks
Now SAFA Inspections of GA flights become very informative
especially for those aircraft operated under GA rules from time to time,
especially for those aircraft under EU prioritized airlines fleet list
the hard to catch !

Special Extra
Questions ?
35

1.4 SAFA European Process - COL

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Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

Colombo, Feb, 6th 10th 2012

SAFA European Process

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

SAFA European Process

In the future Information

Actions from the EU :

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

SAFA European Process

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

42 ECAC Member States

EASA, European Commission, ECAC

Number of Operators / State of Operators involved

more than 2500 Operators, 200 States of Operator

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

SAFA European Process

No. of Inspections (I)

No. of Findings (F)

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

EASA analyses the results of the ramp inspections,

EASA advise the Commission/MS on immediate actions or follow-up

Analysis of the outcome of the SAFA ramp inspections performed

Analysis based on the ORB ratio.

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

SAFA European Process

n = category of findings, 1: minor, 2: significant, 3: major

Fn = number of category n findings

Operator ratio = averaging individual ratios of Operator aircraft

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

Higher the number of

SAFA European Process

It only remains a figure,

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

It only remains a figure,

Remains a hint only !

SAFA European Process

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

Elements of the Analysis

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

SAFA European Process

Elements of the Analysis

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

Aim of the Analysis

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

SAFA European Process

Outcome of the Analysis

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012

Presentation Slides SAFA Workshop

SAFA European Process

Colombo February 6th - 10th 2012