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Summary
Definition
A-Axis
AC Servo
A type of servomechanism that is more reliable and less energy consuming than the DC servo.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a standard for information exchange.
Axes
An imaginary line that passes through the center of an object. Axes are used to measure the distances of
objects in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Ballscrew
A long, threaded device that rotates to move the worktable of a CNC machine. The ballscrew is powered by a
motor.
B-Axis
Canned Cycle
The numerical system that describes the location of an object by numerically expressing its distance from a
fixed position along three linear axes.
C-Axis
Closed-Loop System
CNC Lathe
A milling machine that is controlled by a computer running programs driven by numerical data.
The use of a computer with numerical instructions and program codes to carry out various machining
operations.
Continuous Path
A type of control system where cutting can take place as the tool moves from one position to the next.
Contouring
Control System
A method of tool and part movement in CNC machining. Point-to-point and continuous path are the two
main control systems.
Cutting Tool
A device made of hard, tough material that is used to remove metal by creating chips.
DC Servo
Drill
A machining tool used to penetrate the surface of a workpiece and make a round hole.
Dry Run
A trial run of the part program without any parts or cutting fluids.
EIA
Electronics Industry Association. It publishes Recommended Standards (RS) for transmitting data between
devices.
Feed Rate
The rate at which the cutting tool and the workpiece move in relation to one another.
Feedback
Feedback Device
A device that sends information back to the controller in the closed-loop system.
Floppy Drive
Hardware
Horizontally
Hydraulic Servo
Linear Axes
Linear Scale
A device that relies on the size of an electrical current to convey the position or distance on a CNC machine. A
linear scale is one of the most accurate feedback devices.
Lot
A group of similar parts created during the use of a particular tooling setup.
Machining Center
A sophisticated CNC machine that can perform multiple machining operations at the same location with a
variety of tools.
Mylar Tape
A thin, yet strong polyester film that was used to transmit programs to numerically controlled machines.
Open-Loop System
Optical Encoder
A type of feedback sensor that records light reflections and converts the reflections into feedback signals.
Origin
The fixed, central point in the Cartesian coordinate system. The origin has a numerical value of zero.
Paper Tape
A way of transmitting programs to numerically controlled machines. This is a somewhat older method.
Part Program
The instructions for the CNC machine about how to create a part.
Point-To-Point Positioning
A type of control system where no cutting takes place during the movement of the tool from one position to
the next.
Punch Presses
Right-Hand Rule
A quick reference that shows the X-, Y-, and Z-axes. A person displays his or her right hand, and the first three
fingers from the right each represent the X-, Y-, and Z-axis in order.
Rotary Resolver
A device that sends signals back to the CNC controller to indicate position or speed.
Rotary Resolver
A device that sends signals back to the CNC controller to indicate position or speed.
Rotational Axes
RS232
A standard that defines a computer's serial port and interaction with other devices.
Servomechanism
Signal
Slide
Software
The coded instructions, formulas, and operations that structure the actions of a computer.
Spindle Speed
The rate that the cutting tool or workpiece moves at the point of contact.
A servomechanism that generates steps to move the tool and the worktable.
Turning Center
A sophisticated CNC machine that specializes in turning, boring, drilling, and threading operations, all at the
same location.
Vertical Line
Workpiece
A part that is being worked on. It may be subject to cutting, welding, forming, or other operations.
Worktable
X-Axis
The linear axis that represents motions and positions to the left or right of the operator.
Y-Axis
The linear axis that represents motions and positions both toward and away from the operator.
Z-Axis
The linear axis that represents motions and positions both up and down. The Z-axis is always parallel to the
main cutting device.
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