Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Information
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
219,070,516
240,231,011
247,818,145
251,407,055
262,217,996
143,240,343
162,048,326
159,924,152
156,828,994
165,263,031
75,830,173
78,182,685
87,893,993
94,578,061
96,954,965
32,742,314
27,616,929
44,351,085
50,081,724
51,724,827
Interest/finance expense/charge
86
222
N/A
N/A
4,183,114
4,243,711
4,221,948
4,382,357
4,843,042
155,607
76,817
148,492
71,081
52,269
23,338,845
18,627,595
32,540,686
36,744,846
38,147,021
2.9
2.3
4.1
4.6
4.8
1.8
3.8
4.5
3.5
3.0
i
j
19,200,000
18,000,000
26,400,000
39,000,000
33,600,009
68,574,320
68,491,837
66,889,803
64,834,110
67,936,722
58,866,754
60,083,920
56,423,670
58,907,339
62,742,613
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Total assets
194,113,084
203,813,804
204,947,578
205,202,821
226,006,738
Total liabilities
47,615,443
56,712,434
51,705,522
54,815,919
71,072,824
3,245,984
3,296,926
4,401,800
4,872,092
4,603,268
146,497,641
147,101,370
153,242,056
150,386,902
154,933,914
60,000,000
60,000,000
60,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
s
t
Treasury shares/stocks
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
25,405,811
22,392,687
20,586,831
20,817,932
20,778,877
Bank overdraft
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Short-term debt
39,064,339
48,502,469
43,748,011
47,087,947
63,178,231
Long-term debt
8,551,104
8,191,965
7,957,511
7,727,972
7,894,593
67,768,742
68,396,337
78,908,923
76,053,769
74,933,914
aa
30,589,165
32,868,464
39,214,511
53,917,593
46,834,332
-87,548
-709,629
-1,253,675
-27,107
-5,871,004
-19,200,086
-12,000,222
-32,400,007
-39,600,000
-21,600,005
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
bb
cc
dd
Information
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
223,434,122
232,743,032
253,519,864
289,978,832
359,995,183
169,284,276
175,285,455
195,354,339
230,136,849
279,665,124
54,149,846
57,457,577
58,165,525
59,841,983
80,330,059
17,594,691
17,273,443
14,218,130
18,788,953
21,512,819
Interest/finance expense/charge
8,192,781
10,250,219
10,655,531
12,214,659
14,037,285
9,865,174
14,999,909
13,461,172
16,053,870
19,645,029
456,258
356,395
129,655
N/A
N/A
18,065,326
16,104,618
13,762,277
15,079,256
17,311,670
17.31
14.21
9.71
8.96
9.71
2.7
1.5
N/A
1.0
0.9
f
g
h
i
j
2,617,500
1,440,202
N/A
1,366,235
1,422,235
348,820,122
361,398,719
477,402,287
517,426,107
571,779,296
85,046,234
95,857,698
105,220,324
112,256,540
125,327,889
12,659,547
12,659,547
12,659,547
12,659,547
12,659,547
Total assets
501,363,872
603,464,454
614,986,037
683,341,095
738,622,576
Total liabilities
252,586,763
313,202,836
283,822,015
320,153,023
316,946,153
827,883
2,227,738
2,660,893
6,164,238
11,133,620
248,777,109
290,261,618
331,164,022
363,188,072
421,676,423
96,013,500
96,013,500
132,623,500
142,223,500
163,556,789
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
s
t
Treasury shares/stocks
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
31,562,835
33,867,886
26,814,097
29,114,051
27,370,139
Bank overdraft
398,295
6,217,849
7,318,294
3,977,651
8,763,584
Short-term debt
152,378,455
239,677,764
283,822,015
241,617,098
249,875,504
Long-term debt
100,208,308
73,525,072
78,517,259
78,535,925
67,070,649
85,726,144
97,937,511
109,029,738
120,027,620
132,017,909
aa
39,043,518
-19,565,440
50,208,720
18,450,963
12,127,124
-40,091,999
-7,101,396
-78,577,348
-13,566,163
-34,334,743
6,933,052
22,585,701
23,159,611
6,530,742
4,913,655
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
bb
cc
dd
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
61794
66016
56864
63144
10756
12835
9480
11280
8018
9161
6927
8435
6.68
7.63
5.77
7.03
12
18
1.19
1.27
1.21
1.28
2013
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
59873
66126
58716
66692
12142
14593
10580
12767
8904
10706
7783
9352
7.42
8.92
6.49
7.79
15
1.17
1.26
1.18
1.25
2014
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
64450
68254
55868
73646
13060
13284
8639
16742
9558
9740
6253
12596
1.19
1.22
0.78
1.57
1.5
1.5
1.25
0.19
0.19
0.19
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
59734
63112
58384
63095
3291
2351
5493
3828
2813
2573
5206
3540
1.86
1.77
3.33
2.12
2.18
2.08
2.09
2.11
2013
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
63803
97562
73220
92337
3801
3886
5581
6994
3513
3069
5044
5756
1.79
1.97
3.06
3.45
2.08
2.16
2.13
2.17
2014
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
96228
98202
87693
89993
3367
5890
6445
5253
2279
4103
5808
4350
1.28
2.14
2.91
1.94
2.05
2.11
2.05
2.02
Debt to equity
ratio
Current ratio
Quick rati o
2013
2014
Formul a
Hup
Seng
London
Hup
Seng
London
Hup
Seng
London
0.337
0.857
0.364
0.882
0.459
0.752
3.150
0.584
2.976
0.620
2.498
0.653
2.679
0.453
2.533
0.499
2.619
0.496
Profit margin
ratio(% )
13.1
5.4
14.6
5.2
14.5
4.8
Debt ratio
0.252
0.462
0.267
0.469
0.314
0.429
Rate of return
on total
assets(% )
15.9
4.6
17.9
4.2
17.0
4.4
2013, which was 0.852 and dropped back to 0.752 for the following year. Having a high debt to equity ratio
indicates that London Biscuits Berhad has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt.
Quick ratios or acid-test ratios for both companies showed the same trend as their respective current
ratios over the past three years. Hup Seng Industries Berhad had an average quick ratio of 2.610 wheareas an
average of 0.483 was recorded by London Biscuits Berhad. This means that London Biscuits Berhad has
approximately RM 0.50 of liquid assets available to cover each RM 1.00 of current liabilities. On the other
hand, high quick ratio registered by Hup Seng Industries Berhad is an indicator for the companys good
liquidity position.
Hup Seng Industries Berhad recorded 13% - 15% profit margin ratio whereas London Biscuits Berhad
showed figure of 0.4% - 0.6% during the financial years concerned. Clearly, Hup Seng Industries Berhad with
significant higher profit margin ratio was a more profitable company since it had bettercontrol over its costs
compared to its competitor. Both companies had considerably low debt ratio over the past three years, where
an average ratio of 0.278 and 0.453 were attained by Hup Seng Industries Berhad and London Biscuits Berhad
respectively. The higher this ratio, the more leveraged the company and the greater its financial risk.
In the context of rate of return on total assets (RRTA), Hup Seng Industries Berhad showed almost
triple percentage compared to London Biscuits Berhad. Hup Seng Industries Berhads RRTA ranged from 15%
to 18% whereas it competitors RRTA ranged from 4% to 5%. This indicates that Hup Seng Industries Berhad
is more effective in using its assets to generate earnings.
Method of Computation
Measures of Short-term Liquidity
1. Current Ratio
Current assets / Current liabilities
2. Quick Ratio
(Current assets - Inventories) / Current liabilities
3. Working Capital
Current assets - Current liabilities
4. Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities
Appears in the statement of cash flows
5. Cash Flow From Operations To Current Liabilities Cash flows from operating activities / Current liabilities
6. Receivables Turnover Rate
Net sales / Average net accounts receivable
7. Days to Collect Average Account Receivables
365 days / Receivable turnover rate
8. Inventory Turnover Rate
Cost of sales / Average inventory
9. Days To Sell Average Inventory
365 days / Inventory turnover rate
10. Operating Cycle
Days to sell inventory + Days to collect receivables
11. Total Asset Turnover
Net sales / Average total assets
Measures of Solvency
12. Debt Ratio
Total liabilities / Total assets
13. Equity Ratio
Total shareholders' equity / Total assets
14. Debt to Equity Ratio
Total liabilities / Total shareholders' equity
15. Times-interest-earned Ratio
Income from operation / Interest expense
Measures of Profitability
16. Profit Margin
Net income / Net sales
17. Gross Margin Ratio
Gross profit / Net sales
18. Basic Earnings Per Share
(Net income - Preferred dividends) / Average number of
shares of common stock outstanding
19. Return On Total Assets
Net income / Total assets
20. Return On Common Stockholders' Equity
(Net income - Preferred dividends) / Common
stockholders' equity
21. Book Value Per Common Share