2/3/2016

ExplorePakistan|HISTORYOFPAKISTANTimeLine

Yellow Pages | Industries | Exporters | Buyers | Pvt. Ltd. | NGOs | Phone Book | e-Biz Card | Entertainment | Guides | Pak Web | Worldwide Web

Travel & Tourism | Basic Facts | Civilization | History | Art Culture & People | City Guide | Provinces | Kashmir | Northern Pakistan | POF
Image Galleries | Physical Infrastructure | Satellite Views | Media & News | Government | Education | Business & Economy | Visa & Embassies
HaveAnyQuestionAboutPakistan,AskFindpk?

Get Answer!

ExplorePakistan|
WorldwideTravel&Tourism

HISTORYOFPAKISTAN

Pakistan traces its history back to 2,500 years B.C., when a highly developed
civilization flourished in the Indus Valley. Excavations at Harrappa, Moenjodaro, Kot
Diji and Mehr Garh have brought to light, the evidence of an advanced civilization
existing even in more ancient times. Around 1,500 B.C., the Aryans overwhelmed
this region and influenced the Hindu civilization, whose centre moved to Ganges
valley, further east. Later, the Persians occupied the northern region in the 5th
century B.C. up to the 2nd century AD. The Greeks came in 327 B.C., under
Alexander of Macedonia, and passed away like a meteor. In 712 AD, the Arabs, led
by Muhammad Bin Qasim, landed somewhere near modern Karachi and ruled the
lower half of Pakistan for 200 years. During this time, Islam took roots in the soil
andinfluencedthelife,cultureandtraditionsofthepeople.
Inthe10thcenturyAD,beganthesystematicconquestofSouthAsiabytheMuslims
fromCentralAsia,whoruledhereuptothe18thcentury.ThentheBritishcameand
ruledfornearly100yearsoverwhatisPakistannow.
IndependenceMovement
TheMuslimrevivalbegantowardstheendofthelastcenturywhenSir Syed Ahmed
Khan, a renowned Muslim leader and educationist, launched a movement for
intellectual renaissance of the Muslims of South Asia. In 1930, the wellknown poet
philosopher,AllamaMuhammadIqbal,conceivedtheideaofaseparatestateforthe
Muslims of South Asia. In 1940, a resolution was adopted by the AllIndia Muslim
League, demanding a separate independent home land for the Muslims. After 07
years of untiring struggle under the brilliant leadership of QuaideAzam (the great
leader) Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan emerged on the world map as a sovereign
state,on14thAugust,1947.
CHRONOLOGYOFIMPORTANTHISTORICALEVENTS
Thisisthesummaryofimportanthistoricaleventsofthesubcontinent.
AncientEmpires
30001500B.C.HarappancultureintheIndusValleyandelsewhere
500500B.C.MigrationsofAryanspeakingtribestheVedicAge
550486B.C.LifeofGautamaBuddha,foundingofBuddhism
320180B.C.MauryanEmpireAsokamostfamousemperorspreadofBuddhism
180B.C150A.D.SakadynastiesinIndusValleyandnorthwest
78200A.D.KushanEmpireGandharanartflourishes
300700A.DGuptaEmpireClassicalAgeinnorthernIndia

http://www.findpk.com/Pakistan/html/history.html

1/5

2/3/2016

ExplorePakistan|HISTORYOFPAKISTANTimeLine
ComingofIslam
711ArabMuslimsinSindh
9981030MahmudofGhazniraidsintothesubcontinentfromAfghanistan
1192MuhammadofGhordefeatsRajputs
1206EstablishmentofDelhiSultanate
1398DestructionofDelhibyTimur

MughalPeriod
1526BaburvictoriousinfirstBattleofPaniput
15301556Warsofsuccession
1556AkbarvictoriousinsecondBattleofPaniput
15561605ReignofAkbartheGreat
16051627ReignofJahangirin1612EastIndiaCompanyopensfirsttradingcenter
16281658ReignofShahJahan
16581707ReignofAurangzeb
1761ThirdBattleofPanipatanAfghanvictoryoveraMarathaarmy
17071858DeclineoftheMughalEmpire

BritishIndia
1757 Battle of Plassey British victory over Mughal forces in Bengal conventional
dateforbeginningof
BritishruleinIndia
1784WilliamPitt'sIndiaAct
17991839SikhkingdominthePunjabunderMaharajaRanjitSingh
1830sInstitutionofBritisheducationandotherreformmeasures
18381842FirstAfghanwar
1843BritishannexSindh,HyderabadandKhairpur
184549 Sikh Wars British annex the Punjab and sell Kashmir, Gilgit, and Ladakh
"Package,"knownasKashmir
18571858 Uprising, variously known as the first war of independence, the
Mutiny,andtheSepoyRebellion
1858BritishRajbegins
18781880SecondAfghanWar
1885IndianNationalCongressformed
1893DurandLineestablishedasboundarybetweenAfghanistanandBritishIndia
1905PartitionofBengal
1906AllIndiaMuslimLeaguefounded
1911PartitionofBengalannulled
1919MontagueChelmsfordReformsThirdAfghanWar
1935GovernmentofIndiaActof1935
March23,1940MuslimLeagueadoptsPakistanResolution

Pakistan
August 14, 1947 Partition and independence Mohammad Ali Jinnah becomes
GovernorGeneralLiaqathAliKhanbecomesPrimeMinister
September11,1948JinnahdiesKhwajaNazimuddinbecomesGovernorGeneral
October1951LiaqathAliKhanassassinatedGhulamMohammadbecomesGovernor
General
August1955GhulamMohammaddiessucceededbyIskanderMirza
October 1955 One Unit established, incorporating the four provinces of West
Pakistan
March23,1956ConstitutionadoptedMirzabecomesPresident
October7,1958PresidentMirzaabrogatesconstitution,declaresmartiallaw
October27,1958MirzasentintoexileGeneralMohammadAyubKhanbeginsrule
September1965WarwithIndiaoverKASHMIRISSUE.
March25,1969AyubresignsasresultofpublicpressureGeneralAghaMohammad
YahyaKhanassumespower.
July1,1970Oneunitabolished,fourprovincesreestablishedinWestPakistan
December 1970 First general elections Awami League secures majority in East
Pakistan&PeoplesPartyinWestPakistan.
March25,1971EastPakistanattemptstosecedecivilwarbegins
December1971IndoPakistaniWarEastPakistanbecomestheindependentstateof
BangladeshYahyaresignsPresidentZulfikarAliBhuttotakeschargeastheCivilian
MartialLawAdministrator.
July2,1972BhuttoandPrimeMinisterIndiraGandhiconcludeSimlaAgreement
August14,1973NewConstitutiongoesintoeffectwithBhuttoasPrimeMinister
February2225,1974IslamSummitConferenceheldinLahore
March1977GeneralelectionsmassivevictorybyBhutto'spartyevokeswidespread
riotingandprotest
July5,1977Martiallawproclaimed
September1978MohammadZiaulHaqbecomesPresident
April4,1979Bhuttohanged
March 4, 1981 Provisional Constitutional Order, which in effect suspended 1973
Constitution

http://www.findpk.com/Pakistan/html/history.html

2/5

2/3/2016

ExplorePakistan|HISTORYOFPAKISTANTimeLine
August 12, 1983 President Zia announces that martial law will be lifted in 1985,
(MartialLawunderGeneralZiaulHaq19771985)
Referendum1984
February1985GeneralElections
IslamizationUnderGeneralZiaulHaq
TheAfghanWarSettlement
[198588]MuhammadKhanJunejoBecomesPrimeMinister
[1985]Historic8thAmendmentispassed
[1988]DeathofGeneralZiaulHaq
[1988]BenazirBhuttoBecomesPrimeMinister
[1988]GhulamIshaqKhanBecomesPresident
[1990]GhulamMustafaJatoiBecomesCaretakerPrimeMinister
[1990]NawazSharifBecomesPrimeMinister
[1993]BalakhSherMazariBecomesCaretakerPrimeMinister
[1993]MoinQureshiBecomesCaretakerPrimeMinister
[1993]BenazirBhuttoBecomesPrimeMinister
[1993]SardarFarooqLegahriBecomesPresident
[1996]MalikMerajKhalidBecomesCaretakerPrimeMinister
[1997]NawazSharifBecomesPrimeMinister
[1997]ThirteenthAmendmentisPassed
[1997]FourteenthAmendmentisPassed
[1998]MuhammadRafiqTararElectedasPresident
[1998]Pakistan:ANuclearPower
[1999]TheLahoreDeclaration
[1999]TheKargilOffensive
[1999]MilitaryComestoPowerAgain
[June,2001]PervezMusharrafbecomesPresident
[2001]AgraSummit
[2001]LocalGovernmentSystem
[2001]SeptemberElevenandItsAftermath
Referendum2002
LegalFrameworkOrder2002
GeneralElections2002
[2002] Zafarullah Khan Jamali Becomes Prime Minister: Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali
was elected the 20th Prime Minister of Pakistan by the newly elected Parliament on
November 21, 2002. President General Pervez Musharraf administered the oath to
the new Prime Minster at the AiwaniSadr on November 23. He now heads
Pakistan's first civilian government after three years of military rule of General
PervezMusharraf.
In January 2004 Musharraf sought and received an unprecedented vote of
confidencefromaparliamentaryelectoralcollege.InAugustShaukatAziz,aformer
banker and minister of finance, took the premiership. Musharraf, however, clearly
continued to hold the reins of power, and despite repeated promises to return the
countrytofullcivilianauthority,heannouncedattheendoftheyearthatthecountry
was too fragile for him to comply with his own deadlines. This applied also to the
presidents refusal to step down as head of the armed forces, despite repeated
demands by political opponents that he do so. On the other side of the political
spectrum, Musharraf had to contend with constant attacks from the MMA, who
accusedhimofseekingtosecularizePakistan.Thecountrycontinuedtobesubject to
increasingincidentsofsectarianviolence,includingsuicidebombingsatmosquesand
other public places. Adding to this humangenerated calamity, Pakistan suffered a
devastatingearthquakeinOctober2005intheKashmirregionthatkilledtensof
thousandsofpeopleandlefthundredsofthousandshomeless.
In early 2007 Musharraf began seeking reelection to the presidency. However,
because he remained head of the military, opposition parties and then the Pakistan
Supreme Court objected on constitutional grounds. In March Musharraf dismissed
Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry, which sparked a general strike of
Pakistani lawyers and outbreaks of violent protest in various parts of the country
theSupremeCourtoverturnedthedismissalinJuly,andChaudhrywasreinstated.In
October an electoral college consisting of the parliament and four provincial
legislatures voted to give Musharraf another fiveyear term, although opposition
membersrefusedtoparticipateintheproceedings.AftertheSupremeCourtdelayed
the pronouncement of this outcome (in order to review its constitutionality),
Musharraf declared a state of emergency in early November. The constitution was
once again suspended, members of the Supreme Court (including Chaudhry) were
dismissed, and the activities of independent news media organizations were
curtailed. Later in the month, the Supreme Court, reconstituted with Musharraf
appointees, upheld his reelection Musharraf subsequently resigned his military
commissionandwasswornintothepresidencyasacivilian.
In the fall of 2007 Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhuttowho had also been living in
exilewere permitted to return to Pakistan, and each began campaigning for
upcoming parliamentary elections scheduled for early January 2008. At the end of

http://www.findpk.com/Pakistan/html/history.html

3/5

2/3/2016

ExplorePakistan|HISTORYOFPAKISTANTimeLine
December,however,BhuttowasassassinatedatapoliticalrallyinRawalpindi,anact
that stunned Pakistanis and set off riots and rampages in different parts of the
country.Musharraf,havingonlyjustliftedthestateofemergency,hadtoagainplace
the armed forces on special alert, and he was forced to postpone the election until
midFebruary.
The outcome of the voting was seen as a rejection of Musharraf and his rule his
PMLQ party finished a distant third behind the PPP (now led by Asif Ali Zardari,
Bhuttoswidower),whichcapturedaboutonethirdof the parliamentary seats up for
election,andSharifsparty,thePMLN,withaboutonefourthoftheseats.InMarch
thePPPandPMLNformedacoalitiongovernment.YousafRazaGilani,aprominent
member of the PPP and a former National Assembly speaker, was elected prime
minister.
Disagreements emerged within the governing coalition in the months following its
formation, particularly regarding the reinstatement of the Supreme Court judges
Musharraf had dismissed late the previous year, and these disputes threatened to
destabilize the alliance. Nevertheless, in August2008 the coalition moved to begin
impeachment charges against Musharraf, citing grave constitutional violations on
August18,facedwiththeimpendingproceedings,Musharrafresigned.
PakistanunderZardari
ConflictwithinthecoalitioncontinuedtoescalatefollowingMusharrafs departure. In
light of ongoing differences, including disputes over Musharrafs successor, Sharif
subsequentlywithdrewthePMLNfromthegoverningcoalitionandindicatedthathis
party would put forth its own candidate in the presidential elections announced for
early September however, neither the PMLN nor the PMLQ candidate won enough
support to pose a challenge to Zardari, the PPPs candidate, and on Sept. 6, 2008,
hewaselectedpresident.
FrictionbetweenZardariandSharifintensifiedinearly2009whentheSupremeCourt
voted to disqualify Sharifs brother from his position as chief minister of the Punjab
and to uphold a ban prohibiting Sharif himself from holding political office (the ban
stemmed from his 2000 conviction for high crimes). Sharif alleged that the courts
rulings were politically motivated and backed by Zardari. In addition, the status of
theSupremeCourtjudgesdismissedunderMusharrafwhohadyettobereinstated
one of the issues that had undermined the SharifZardari coalitionremained a
major source of conflict between the two rivals. In March 2009 Sharif broke free of
anattempttoplacehimunderhousearrestandheadedtowardthecapital,wherehe
planned to hold a rally advocating for the reinstatement of the judges. Faced with
this prospect, the government agreed to reinstate Chief Justice Chaudhry and a
numberofotherSupremeCourtjudgeswhohadnotyetbeenreturnedtotheirposts.
The move was seen as a political victory for Sharif and a significant concession on
thepartofZardari,whoisthoughttohaveopposedChaudhrysreturnbecauseofthe
possibility that the amnesty Zardari had received under Musharraf might be
overturned.Shortlythereafter,Sharifsbrotherwasalsoreturnedtohisposition.
In October 2008 limited trade between the Pakistani and Indianadministered
portionsofKashmirresumed.Itwasthefirstsuchcommerceinmorethan60years
andsignaledimprovedrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.
Tobecontinue...
Explore Pakistan all about Pakistan
Photo Galleries of Pakistan
Nishan-e-Haider
Chronology of Pakistan Freedom Movement
FATHER OF THE NATION
Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah
History of Pakistan
Blog Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (RA)
Blog Allama Muhammad Iqbal (RA)
RelatedSites
TheIslamicCivilizationandMuslimScientists
IslamicArtsandArchitecture
ChronologyofMuslimHistory
Islam:EmpireofFaith
MuslimHistory
TheMughalEmpire
MoreontheMughalEmpire
HistoricInterestandNaturalBeauty
Pakistanthroughthecenturies
HistoryofTaxila

http://www.findpk.com/Pakistan/html/history.html

4/5

2/3/2016

ExplorePakistan|HISTORYOFPAKISTANTimeLine
HarappanCivilization
LanguagesofPreIslamicPakistan
LanguagesofPakistan(anEthnologue)
AncientCoinsofAsia
Pakistan'sbackground
TheStoryofPakistan
MohammadAllamaIqbal
MohammadAliJinnah
PakAfghanWarAgainsttheSoviets
DefenceJournalofPakistan
IslamicResources
ImagesofPakistan
MoreImagesofPakistan
GovernmentofPakistan
WildlifeofPakistan

SearchProduct/Service

What?

ByBusinessName/Category

ByTelephone/FaxReverseSearch

Find.

Y e llowP a ge s |H ot P r oduc t s |P opula r C a t e gor ie s |A ZGuide |M a de inP a k is t a n | Exporters | Buyers | Pvt. Ltd | NGOs | Phone Book | People

AskanyQuestiontoFindpk?

GoogleonFindpkYellowPages!

Get Answer!

Search

powered by

About us | Our Services | Contact us | Domain Registration & Hosting | RealEstate Marketing | Resellers Advertising Solutions
FINDPKisthelargestYellowPagesNetworkfromPakistancovering256countriesoftheworld,havingglobalaudiences.OuruniqueWorldwideDirectories&Guidesmakes
usprominentinWorldwideYellowPages.Wearecontinuouslyextendingourdatabaseswithaimofincorporatingeachandeverybusinessfromasmallbusinesses to large
industrieswitheasy,affordableandprofessionalway.WewelcomeyourComments&Suggestions.Thankyouforyoursupport!
19982013CCOLCYBERCITYONLINE

http://www.findpk.com/Pakistan/html/history.html

5/5