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ABSTRACT
A Full Field Review was conducted for a
structurally and stratigraphically complex field
offshore Sarawak. The East portion of the field
is a relatively simple, west-plunging flowerstructure fold. The West portion of the field
consists of a series of normal conjugate faults
that formed in response to tensional bending
over a deep-seated normal basement fault.
These
faults
result
in
the
severe
compartmentalization of the western portion of
the field.
There are over 20 separate reservoirs in the
field, comprising both channel sands and
incised valley fill sequences that were deposited
by a generally westward flowing river system.
The eastern portion of the field was situated in
the upper deltaic plain where deposition was
from a fluvial environment, whereas the
depositional setting for the western portion of
the field was the lower deltaic plain estuarine
setting.
Production from the fluvial reservoirs in the
eastern portion of the field exhibit little to no
aquifer support and recovery efficiencies range
from 20 to 35%. Production from the estuarine
reservoirs in the western portion of the field
have significant aquifer support, and recovery
efficiencies range from 35 to 50%.
INTRODUCTION
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Stratigraphic Overview
Structural Overview
The Temana field encompasses two structural
regimes, an extensional regime comprising
Temana West and a wrench regime comprising
Temana East and Central (Figure 2). Temana
West consists of a series of normal conjugate
faults that formed in response to both tensional
bending over deep-seated down-to-the-west
normal faults that delineate the edge of the
Balingian Sub-Basin and late stage uplift and
thrust faulting believed to be associated with
Mid to Late Miocene reactivation of the West
Balingian wrench fault.
The Temana East and Central structure is a
reverse fault bounded, elongated east-west
trending, west-plunging anticline formed as a
high-angle flower-structure fold associated with
the right-lateral West Balingian wrench fault
(Figure 1). The south-bounding reverse fault is
believed to have initially formed as
syndepositional growth faults that was
reactivated with left-lateral slip during the Mid
to Late Miocene reactivation of the West
Balingian wrench fault. Westward plunge of the
Temana East anticline sets up the Temana
Central Field.
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Balingian Province, and prograded northnorthwestward into the Balingian Basin from
Sarawak (Figure 1).
Deltas
Studies of modern deltas have shown that there
are three basic geomorphic styles of deltas,
River Dominated, Wave Dominated, and Tidal
Dominated (Wright and Coleman, 1973;
Coleman and Wright, 1975). The present day
Baram Delta is a classic wave-dominated delta.
Since any delta forming in the Bintulu region
would be subject to the same wave regime as
the Baram, it is safe to assume that the delta
there was also wave-dominated.
The basal section of a prograding delta is
marine shale overlain by outer fringe prodelta
shale with occasional interbeds of siltstone and
thin-bedded sandstones (Figure 4). This in turn
is overlain by interbedded sandstone, siltstone
and shale of the inner fringe (LeBlanc,
unpublished Shell Training Manual).
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Mangrove Swamp
Mangrove swamps are generally found in
tropical to sub-tropical coastal environments.
They typically consist of a series of
anastamosing
waterways
separated
by
mangrove covered islands (Figure 6). There are
two types of waterways within the swamp,
tidally influenced estuarine and meandering
fluvial channels, which may also exhibit tidal
influence.
Meandering Channels
Fluvial channels in mangrove swamp
environments are typically meandering
channels; however, they tend to be less sinuous
than meandering rivers in other environments
due to the effects of the mangroves. The width
of these channels can vary from several dozen
to several hundred feet, although the overall
width of the meander belt within which the
channel meanders can be several miles
I60 Reservoir
The I60 and underlying I65 reservoirs were
deposited as a series of incised valley fill
sequences (Figure 9). The I60 Incised Valley
sequence is observed in both the more fluviallydominated central and eastern portions of the
field as well as the more estuarine dominated
western portion of the field (Figure 10). Core
from this sequence in the TE 26 well suggests a
tidal influence, confirming that the western
portion of the field was situated in an estuarine
setting.
Incised Valleys
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I60 Volumetrics
The net pay maps were contoured using an
Incised Valley Fill model (Figure 20). The
accumulation is trapped by the Incised Valley
Margin to the north and the south.
Deterministic assessment of the STOIIP based
on the net pay maps results in a range of 62.7 to
112.1 MMSTB, with a base case volume of
87.6 MMSTB.
CONCLUSION
Fault Block 10/11 is situated in the western
portion of the field which, at I60 time, was
characterized by an estuarine setting where
extensive laminated sandstones were deposited
in an overbank setting. These laminated
sandstones are connected to the channel
sandstones reservoirs and provide aquifer
support. As a result, recovery efficiencies for
Fault Block 10/11 approach 50%.
Fault Block 54/99 is situated in the eastern
portion of the field which, at I60 time, was
inland of the estuarine setting. As such, there
REFERENCES
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