Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Author(s): Paul D. Greene, Keith Howard, Terry E. Miller, Steven G. Nelson, Phong T. Nguyen
and Hwee-San Tan
Source: Asian Music, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Spring - Summer, 2004), pp. 133-174
Published by: University of Texas Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4098448
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ASIAN MUSIC
SPRING/SUMMER 2004
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come as some surprisethatthereis only one track availablein the West, and
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135
Nhat Hanh and Sister Chan Kh6ng 1997) includes both traditionaland
newlywrittenchants,manybyThichNhatHanh,a Buddhistmonknotedfor
his manybooks,the earlierones protestingthe VietnamWar.Manyof the
newly writtentexts appealto those of "NewAge" sensitivity.Franqoise
Grtind's compilation (Viet Nam: Musique bouddhique de Hue 1998) is
Nord(1998) is moreperipheral,
music,butthere
beingmostlyinstrumental
arealso passagesof Buddhistchantandothervocal phenomenaassociated
Vietnam.
withfuneralritesin northern
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andphotographs
CD 5140/41.Recordings,
commentary,
by Tran
Van KheandNguyenHuuBa.
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137
ARN 58456.Recordingsandcommentary
in FrenchandEnglishby
PatrickKersal6,D~mQuangMinh,andNguyin Van Su'.
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139
(centeredat Kyoto'sNishiHongangi)andOtanibranch(centeredat
Kyoto'sHigashiHonganji)arethe mostimportant.
6. Zen. Emphasizingthe idea of enlightenment
throughpersonal
fromChinaby Japanese
effort,thetwo earlyZensectswereimported
priestswhohadpreviouslystudiedtheTendaiteachingsat Enryakuji.
Eisai (1141-1215) introducedRinzaiZen,andD6gen (1200-1253)
Zen. Both place less importanceon vocal music than earlier
SOtW
sects, but still possess remarkablyrich traditionalsound worlds,
whichmakemuchuse of percussioninstruments.
The Sote temple
Eiheiji,in Fukuiprefecture,has gained considerableattentionin
musicological circles. A later Zen-basedsect with a completely
differentmusicallanguageis the Obakusect, importedfrom China
by the ChinesepriestYinyuan(Jp. Ingen,1592-1673) in the 17th
at Uji, southof Kyoto.
century,andbasedat thetempleManpukuji
Its musicalworldreflectsits Chineseoriginsclearly.
7. Hokke. Basedon sole beliefin the LotusSutra,the Nichirensect
developedfromtheteachingsof Nichiren(1222-1282), who studied
Tendai,ShingonandNantoteachingsonly to rejectthem. Although
the Nichirensect andits brancheshaveattractedmore adherentsin
modemJapanthanthe othertraditional
sects,and spawnedmanyof
the new religiousmovementsof the twentiethcentury,vocal music
playsa relativelysmallerrolein theirreligiouslife.
In summary,the shimy6 of the Shingon and Tendaisects is of
in termsof thehistoryof JapaneseBuddhistvocal
overwhelming
importance
the music of both has
music,and,as the discographybelowdemonstrates,
attractedcommensurateattentionin scholarly record and compact-disc
collections. The even-handedtreatmentof all seven categories in the
1983-84Shomy6taikeianthologyarguablyallottedtoo muchspaceto what
mightbe seenas minorforms,attheexpenseof therichermusicaltraditions.
Viewedin anotherlight,however,thecollectioncanbe evaluatedhighlyfor
its systematic effort to counterbalance
the bias in the overall picture
presentedby earlierrecordcollections.
To turnto the discographypresentedbelow,it shouldbe notedfirst
of all thatI havemadeno attemptto be exhaustive.The ease with which
cassettetapesand CDs can be mademeansthatmanyindividualtemples
haveproducedsoundrecordings
to be purchased
on site, for the use of their
adherents and other interested visitors. These recordings are rarely
andoftenlackdatesof publication.A further
accompanied
by commentary,
problem is that even academicpublicationsare essentially ephemeral.
Japaneserecordcompaniesrarelykeeptheirproductsin printfor morethan
two years or so, so that it is extremely difficult to obtain important
recordings once the opportunityto purchase them has been missed. What
the discography below presents, then, is a list made up of two main
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categories:historicallysignificantrecordcollectionsof a scholarlynature
(manyof which were also issued in cassette-tapeform), and CDs issued
since about 1990, which may still be available. The discographyis
subdividedintothe sectariancategoriesoutlinedabove,with the recordings
listedthereinin alphabetical
order.
From the mid-1960s to mid-1980s, the Japanese musicological
worlddid its utmostto publishscholarlycollectionsof the shomyo of the
mainreligioussects. Manyof these recordcollectionsfollow the general
trendof Japanesescholarlyrecordings(notedby Hughes, 1992: 349) to
includewell-annotatedexplanatorybooklets.Since the LP recordlost its
marketviability,however,suchbookletshaveall butdisappeared;
thereis
very little roomin the averageCD bookletfor scholarlyannotation,and
manyCD recordingsfail to provideeven minimalinformation,such as the
textsof thevocalmusicon therecording.
Onewayaroundthis is to produce
CD books, with the book in eitherCD-ROMor traditionally
printedform,
but examples of these are rare.One exceptionis the 1998 two-volume
collection of traditionalnotation,transcriptionand commentaryon the
Shingon sect Rishu Zanmai rite (Shingi Shingon shimyj shasei, Gakufuhen, Nika H6yd-sha / Buddhist Chant of Shingi-Shingon: Neumes and
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141
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VZCG-178.Openingmantra-centred
rite of the Ninno-e
Foundation,
ceremonyand the shugen (mountainascetic)E'in rite of Daigoji.
Japanesecommentary
by NakataJunwa.Includestexts.
vols.
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143
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145
J6do
Nenbutsu Jodo-sho shomyo: Honen Shonin J6do kaishfa happyakunen
ky6san kinen [Nenbutsu and Shbmyd of the J6do Sect: In
Celebration
of the800thAnniversary
of the Foundingof the Sect by
Honen].1974.3 LPrecords.Victor,SJ3033-1~3.Shomyo-used in a
majorceremony(Goki-e)anddaily worship.Japanesecommentary
by ShishidoEiyti and IshidaTentei.Includestexts and traditional
notation.
JodoShin
Jodo Shin-sha Honganji-ha sh6myd: Goshoki Hoonko H5ydo[Shmyd of
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of theObakusect)
Zen (Eiheijiof the Satasect,Manpukuji
Eiheiji no asa: Daibonsho to Hannya-shingyd [Morning at Eiheiji: The
Great Temple Bell and the Heart S_tra]. 1999. CD. Nippon
Columbia,COCJ-30461.The sound world of the S6t6 temple
Eiheiji. Japanesenotes by Mogi Hitoshi and Suzuki Matsumi.
Includestexts.
the300thAnniversary
of the Deathof MasterYinyuan].1972. 2 LP
records. Canyon Records, P-1002~3. Music of the Uji temple
Manpukuji,of the Obaku Zen sect. Japanese commentaryby
AwakawaK6ichi,WadaBunshO,KatOJiko, and HayashiSekk6.
Includestexts.
Shomyd
Hogaku Meikyoku Collection series 20. Columbia Music
COCJ-32458.Japanesenotes by Mogi Hitoshiand
Entertainment,
KumagaiChriky6.Includestexts.
Soto Zen [Zenof the SMtoSect]. 1980, 1982, 1983.Three-setseriesof the
music of the Zen SotMsect. 1. T6shibaEMI,THX-90055~60.Six
Six LP records.3. THX-90175~81.
LPrecords.2. THX-90146&51.
Seven LP records.Japanesecommentaryfor each set (94, 94 and
120pages,excludingcolorpages)by HiranoKenji,WataraiShjun,
SawadaAtsuko,andSakuraiHideo.Includestexts and traditional
notation.
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147
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Byong Won Lee in his The BuddhistMusic of Korea (Seoul: Jung Eum Sa,
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149
Kim Eungki is his Korean name) is the monk featuredon them. He is also
the entrepreneur: he set the series up, subsidizing the recordings and
approaching Asia Record, and now markets himself quite successfully
througha dedicatedwebsite (www.pompae.or.kr).These are very nice, crisp
recordings,and thoughtfullyput together to sample representativeparts of
the repertory.They are not, though,up to the standardof the old masters on
John Levy's 1964 recordings(KoreanBuddhist Music 1968); Pop Hyon is
just too young, having graduatedwith a BA only in 1992. He now works as
a professorof Koreantraditionalmusic at Dongguk University in Seoul.
Korean BuddhistChantSeries 3-5 (2001), the next three CDs in the
series, switch gear. They comprise the repertoryof Buddhist dances, quite
deliberately showcasing the dances as they are given at temples ratherthan
theirsecular(and popular)equivalents.Yes, it is difficultto hear dancing,but
a secularinstrumentalgroupwould routinelyaccompanythe dance, although
monks are heardwith crashingcymbals and bashing a massive barreldrum.
A boxed set contains Korean Buddhist Chant Series 6-12 (2001), CDs 6
through 12 in the series, and contains a recording of the great rite,
Yongsanje;while KoreanBuddhistChantSeries 13-18 (2002), sold together
as a set, featurea furtherrite, Sangjukwon'gong.
Kwon Myonghak,Ha RyongnamHoeshimgok (2000) is a re-release
of 1930s recordings, here recalling the music of two particularlyfamous
monks of their time. Hoeshimgok is a semi-secularextended song, close to
folksong in structure,mode and vocal style but based on Hwach'ong, the
vernacularand melodic chantsthatconcludedaily services.
The Ellipsis penchant for taking tracks from all and sundry and
them
cutting
togetheron samplersreachesnew, butfrom a comparativepoint
of view, useful levels with One Sound: TraditionalBuddhist Music (2000).
The problem, though, is the nature of the one Korean track: recorded in
America by a resident monk in New Jersey. In this age of transcontinental
travel, Korea is not so far away, and it would be worthwhile listening to
Buddhistmusic in the place where it belongs.
In II Ch'o: Pomp'ae kwa Chakpommu,formal chants are coupled to
"composed dance." The significance of the latter is, as with Pop Hyon's
Korean Buddhist Chant Series, that supposedly Buddhist dances-the
cymbaldance,fan dance, butterflydance and drum dance--are very much a
partof secular dance repertories.Really, though, this album caters to those
who need recordingsto workfrom as they are practicingthe dances.
Kim Sungnyo's Ch'anbulga (1996/2003) is the fourth volume of
compositions by Pak Pomhun (b. 1942), formerly a professor at Chungang
University and the founding conductor of Chungang Traditional Music
Orchestra.Pak startedhis careeras a p'iri (oboe) player,but soon garnered
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Discography:BuddhistMusics of Korea
BuddhistBells of Korea. 1966. 4 EP records.KCTI. Reissued as The Great
of Shilla Dynasty. 1999. 2 CDs. Synnara,NSSRCD-025.
Ch 'onnyonui sori. 1989. Cassette.Seoul Records, SOEC-043.
Han'guk chont'ong pulgyo pomp'ae uishik [A Ritual of Korean Traditional
Buddhism Chants]. 1977. 4 LPs. Sung Eum, SEL-100 052 - SEL100 055.
HaryongnamPulgyo umak. 1993. CD. Cantabile,SRCD-1141.
II Ch'o: Pomp'ae kwa Chakpommu.n.d. 2 CDs. Yejon Media, DDSA-21
22C.
Kim Sungnyo's Ch'anbulga. 1996. Oasis, ORC-1583. Reissued on the label
Dream Beat and KukakCenter,2003.
Korean BuddhistChant Series 3-5. 2001. 3 CDs. Asia Record, POMPAE003 0005.
Korean Buddhist Chant Series 6-12. 2001. Song Am Sennim's
PosthumousWorks. 7 CDs. Asia Record, POMPAE 006-012.
Korean Buddhist Chant Series 13-18. 6 CDs. Song Am Sennim's
PosthumousWorks. Asia Record,POMPAE013-018, 2002.
Korean Buddhist Music. 1968. LP record.Vogue, LVLX-253. Recorded in
1964 by John Levy.
Kwon Myonghak, Ha Ryongnam Hoeshimgok. 2000. CD. Jigu, JCDS0707.
Mujigae sori [Rhythm of Rainbow]. 2000. CD. Korean Buddhist Chant
Series 2. Asia Record,ACD-572.
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151
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under-researched.
The value of these recordingslies in that the presiding
monksincludedthe late VenerableMasterMingchangof Hong Kong who
was originallyfromQixiashanin Nanjingand VenerableMasterWuyi of
Taiwanwhowas originallyfromJinshansimonasteryin Zhenjiang,Jiangsu
province.The singingof these elder monks is a valuableoral legacy of
traditional
fanbeistyle.A descriptive
catalogueprovidesdetailedinformation
abouttherecordings(Liu 1973).
Since the 1980s,morerecordingsof scholarlyvaluehaveappeared
as Buddhistmusicresearchbeganin earnestin post-MaoChina.9The most
usefulamongthesearethe AudioandVideo Encyclopediaof Chinaseries
producedby the ShanghaiVideoandAudioCompany.Eachset in the series
featuresa generalprefaceby China'sforemostBuddhistmusicscholarTian
notes by
Qing;some(e.g. Chaozhoufoyue 1989) also includeintroductory
otherscholars.The notesandtranscription
of a selectionof hymnsarealso
publishedin a separatevolume(Tian1993).
OcoraRadioFrance,in conjunction
withethnomusicologist
Franqois
Picard,has producedseveral commendablefieldworkrecordingsof the
completemorningand eveningliturgies.'0These contain comprehensive
notesby PicardandTianQing.
Of the recordingsof instrumental
Buddhistmusic,thatof Beijing's
the mostinterest,followedby those of Tianjin
Zhihuasitemplehasattracted
andWutaishan.Forvocal liturgy,the musicof Tianningsiis saidto be the
mostrepresentative,
becomingthemodelformonasticliturgynationwideand
in Chinesemonasteries
outsideChina.Regionalrepertories
andhymnstyles
arereceivingsome attention(e.g. Chaozhoufoyue 1989;Sanxiang[Henan]
foyue 1995). Field recordingsof Buddhistmusic of particularregionsby
scholarsin the West are also findingtheirway into the NationalSound
Archive of the British library(Francesca Tarocco Collection n.d.),"' but
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153
Nimbus,NI 5416.
1988.CD. HongKong,HKCD8.260483.
China: Buddhist Music of the Ming Dynasty: Zhihuasi Temple. 1992. CD.
JVC,VICG-5259.
NationalSoundArchivecallnumber:2CDR0001507-10.
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Archivecall number:2CDR0001511-12.
FrancescaTaroccoCollection[of ChineseBuddhistandtraditional
music].
n.d. National Sound Archive call numbers: 1CDR0001091-94;
ICDR0001080-87;C 951/1-12.
Jin'gufanyin[TheTianjinBuddhistmusic]. 1989. 2 cassettes.The Audio
andVideoEncyclopedia
of Chinaseries.ShanghaiYinxiangGongsi,
YAF-6-7.Notes by ZhangShenglu(notesandtranscription
in Tian
1993).
Recordings of the BuddhistRitefor the Dead "Yii-chiayen-k'ou shih-shih
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155
Inner Asia
As a resultof a swell of popularand scholarlyinterestin Tibetan
Buddhismin recentdecades,recordingsof TibetanBuddhistmusics are
numerous.Recordingssurveyed here have been made not only by
ethnomusicologistsaffiliatedwith universities,but also by composers,
Buddhistpractitioners,and musiciansinterestedin Tibetancultureand
religion.Internationalpop starMickeyHart,for example, has produced
as ethnomusicological
severalrecordings,workingwithFredericLieberman
consultant.Primarily,recordingshave been made by American,British,
Frenchand Italianethnomusicologistsand recordists.Beginning in the
1990s, researchersand recordistsfrom Japan and China also have
contributedusefulrecordings.Mostrecordingshavebeen made in Tibetan
communities,templesand monasticcentersthat have formedoutside of
Tibet:in Bhutan,Nepal,and in the Indianregions of HimachalPradesh
(particularlyDharamsala),Ladakh,Sikkim, Karnataka,and elsewhere.
ChineseresearcherTianQing has maderecordingsin Tibet itself (Amdo:
Monastere tibdtainde Labrang 1996). Recordings have also been made in
Europe (Monasttre de Gyiit6: La voix des Tantra 2000) and the United
States (The GyutoMonks: TibetanTantricChoir 1990).
from the early-mid 1960s (Music of Tibetan Buddhism 1999), and also
othersfrom the 1970s: Mireille Helffer's Monast~rede Gyiitd: La voix des
Tantra (2000) and Ladakh: Musique de monastdre et de village (1989);
John Levy's Tibetan BuddhistRitesfrom the Monasteries of Bhutan, vols.
1-3 (1990); Stephen Beyer's Songs of Gods and Demons: Ritual and
TheatricalMusic of Tibet (n.d.) and TibetanMystic Song (n.d.); and David
Lewiston's many recordings (e.g., Tibet: The Heart of Dharma 1996).
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Tibetan Buddhism and its rites. Tibet: Monks of the Sera Jd Monastery,
trackof nunsaccompanied
by monks).The vocalandinstrumental
practices
and these recordingsprovidean
of Tibetannuns are quite understudied
for comparativestudywiththe practicesof monks,whichhave
opportunity
examined(see Ellingson1981: 137). In
beenconsiderably
morethoroughly
peoples,such as the Tamangsand
Nepalthereare manyTibetan-related
forms
or
who
variants
of Tibetan Buddhism, but
Sherpas,
practice
few
as
of
there
are
yet
unfortunately
recordings theirBuddhistmusics.Gerta recordingof the ritualmusicof the
MatthiasWegneris currentlypreparing
(workingtitle:Musicof the SherpaPeople
Sherpapeopleof Solu-Khumbu
ofNepal II: Ritual Music).
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157
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Archive.Shanachie66006.Yamantaka
TrochuRite of Khampagar
Monastery.Notesby DavidLewiston.
The GyutoMonks: Freedom Chantsfrom the Roof of the World. 1989. CD.
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159
The Gyuto Monks: Tibetan Tantric Choir. 1990. CD. Windham Hill
Music of the Sherpa People of Nepal II: Ritual Music (working title). In
development.Recordingsby Gert-Matthias
Wegner,fundedby Eco
Himal(Kathmandu).
The Music of Tibet: The TantricRituals. 1970. 33 1/3 rpm disc. Anthology
series.Cambridge,MA: RounderRecords,Rounder5129/30/31. 3
CDs. Re-release of 3 LPs (by BairenreiterVerlag/Musicaphon
Musica2009, 2010, 2011) recordedby by PeterCrossley-Holland
andoriginallyreleasedin the 1960s. A 25-pagebookletin English
containsvery useful notes by PeterCrossley-Holland(reproduced
fromthe originalrelease),includingphotographs,
Tibetannotations,
and musicaltranscriptions.
The collectionincludes recordingsof
ritualmusicof therning-ma-pa
(disc 1), bka'-brgyud-pa
(discs 1-2),
sa-skya-pa(disc2), anddge-lugs-pa(discs2-3) monasticorders.
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187.Recordingsby R. Canzio.
world:LadakhandNepal].1988.CD. Sunset-France,
Playa Sound,
PS 65021. Recordedat the monasteryof Hemisby G6rardKremer.
Bookletin FrenchandEnglish.
The Perfect Jewel: Sacred Chants of Tibet. 2002. CD. Rykodisc, RCD
10626. rGyud-stod(Gyuitib)
TantricCollege, producedby Mickey
Hart.
Rituals of the Drukpa Order. 1990. CD. Tibetan Buddhist Rites from the
Monasteries
of Bhutan,vol. 1. New York:LyrichordDiscs, LYRCD
7255. Recordedby JohnLevy. Notes (12 pp.) in Englishby John
andmusicaltranscriptions.
Levy,includingtranslations
Sacred Dances and Rituals of the Nyingmapa and Drukpa Orders. 1990.
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161
Naxos,ASIN:B00007MBAD.
Sacred Tibetan Chants from the Great Prayer Festival: Ten Buddhist
Monks from Drepung Loseling Monastery. 1992. CD. Music &
Temple Rituals and Public Ceremonies. 1990. CD. Tibetan Buddhist Rites
Tibet: Monks of the Sera Jd Monastery: Ritual Music and Chants of the
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Series.Elektra/Nonesuch
Records,972071-2.Recordedin 1973 by
DavidLewistonatKhampagan
HimachalPradesh.Notes
Monastery,
(14 pp.)in Englishby DavidLewiston,includingphotographs.First
releasedin 1976.
JVCWorldSounds,VICG5039.
Tibet: Buddhist Chant II: Gyuto Monastery, Bomdile. 1994. CD. JVC
WorldSounds,VICG5040.
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163
The Tibetan Buddhist Chant. 1992. CD. World Music Library vol. 64.
Seas,KICC5164. Tibetanchants(dgeTokyo:KingRecords/Seven
lugs-pa sect) recordedin Tokyo in 1990, producedby Fukuda
Minoru. Booklet (18 pp.) in Japanesewith 3 pp. in English,
Containsexcerptsof K_lacakra
ritual.
photographs.
MahakalaOffering.1973?LP.Lyrichord,
LLST-7270.
4).
Tibetan Music from Ladakh and Zanskar. 1983. LP. Lyrichord, LLST
Soundof theWorld,ASIN:B00000JP01.
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Tibetan Ritual Music, Chanted and Played by Lamas and Monks of the
Tibetan Sacred Temple Music: Eight Lamas from Drepung. 1988. CD.
ShiningStarMusic,ASIN:B000001002.
RumtekMonastery.
Tsang-tsu hsi ch'ii yin-yiieh / The Opera Music of Tibet. 1994. CD. Hsi-
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165
Shu-De: Voices from the Distant Steppe. 1994. CD. Real World, Womad
RW41. Producedby PeterGabriel.Containsone trackof Mongolian
Buddhistmusic.
Virtuososfrom the Mongol Plateau. 1994. CD. Tokyo: Seven Seas, KICC
5177. Recording and notes by KajiuraYasuko. Booklet (26 pp.) in
Japanese and English, translations of Mongolian songtexts,
photographs. Recording contains several examples of Mongolian
epics and folksongs, genres in which Buddhist themes are present
but not foregrounded.
South Asia
Recordingsof Buddhistmusicin SouthAsia, if not numerous,are
diverse in the sense that they cover diverse aspects of the religion.
the Theravadatraditionarerecordingsof monasticchantand
Representing
ritual
energetic
drummingin Sri Lanka;representingthe Mahayana
traditionare recordingsof folk and folk-popularBuddhistbhajans and
Buddhist processual music (both vocal and instrumental) in Nepal; and
representingthe Vajrayana branchare recordings of traditionallysecretive
Tibeto-Burman
originswhose culturecan be called South Asian due to
one
approximately thousandyears of mutualinteractionwith NorthIndia.
Many Newars practicea mix of Hinduismand Buddhism,and several
compositionsthat
generalNewarrecordingscontainvocalandinstrumental
can be incorporatedinto either Hindu or Buddhist rituals. One example is
the vocal and instrumental music that is performed on the musical
processions and pilgrimages of Newar Buddhist and Hindu-Buddhist
laypeople. Such music can be heardin several useful recordings: the wellannotated Nepal: Musique de fete chez les Newar (1989, especially track
14); Felix Hoerburger's Nepal: Musik der Nevdr-Kasten (1971); Gert-
a SacredTerrain"
soundfiles ("Ordering
2003) to accompanyhis articleon
Buddhistmusiciansof Asan
this pilgrimagetradition(2003). Kathmandu
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13,(editedby Franck
1997) containsone NewarTantricBuddhist
Bernmde,
caca (or caryd)song, "Raktavarna,"
originallyrecordedby ArnoldBakein
1956.As RichardWiddessnotes(2004; 1997: 14, n4), ArnoldBake made
recordingsof a Vajracdryapriestperformingmorethantwentycaca songs,
with some of the songs performedmorethanonce. These field recordings
arenow locatedattheNationalSoundArchiveof the BritishLibrary.Under
conditionsof secrecy,thepriestalsoallowedBaketo film one of the dances
performedtogetherwith the song,andBake'sfilms arenow locatedat the
Schoolof OrientalandAfricanStudies,in London.
Also recordedin SouthAsia aremanyperformances
of Tibetanand
Tibetan-relatedmusics, particularlyin Nepal, Ladakh, Dharamsala,
DarjeelingandKarnataka.
Recordingsof such Tibetanand Tibetan-related
Buddhistmusicsaresurveyedin thesectionon InnerAsia.
Recordingsof Sri LankanTheravddaBuddhistchant,pirit (Pali:
paritta),areincludedin severalcollections:WolfgangLaade'sSri Lanka:
Buddhist Chant: Mah_ Pirit (1990); Herman Vuylsteke's Sri Lanka:
Musiquesrituelles et religieuses (1992); and FrangoisJouffa's Ceylon: Les
tamboursmagiques de Sri Lanka(n.d.). The excerpts assembled in Laade's
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167
[1986]).
CD supplement.
2000. Editedby Alison Arnold.New
Subcontinent,
York:Garland.
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Nepal: Musique de fite chez les Newar [Festival music of the Newars].
a SacredTerrain:MelodicPathwaysof HimalayanFlute
"Ordering
2003. Multimedia
website:
Pilgrimage."
http://www.de2.psu.edu/faculty/pdg4/Orderi
ngASacredTerrain/.
andmaps
Recordings(MP3)by PaulD. Greene,withphotographs
of NewarBuddhistpilgrimages.
Websiteis a multimediasupplement
to the article(Greene2003).
Tamboursde la terre 2: Asie. 1992. CD. Ethnic/Auvidis,6774. Recorded
Embodimentsof the
"Jataka Narrationsas MultimedialReconstructive
MentalSystem BuddhaShakyamuni."
2002. Multimediawebsite:
http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ppp/ethnomusikologie/wom02-2.
preparedby MartinaClaus-Bachmann.
Recordingsandphotograph
Websiteis a multimediasupplementto an article(Claus-Bachmann
2002).
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169
SrT Lanikd:Kolam: The Masked Play. 198?. 12" 33 1/3 rpm disc.
558552).
?rr Lanka: Singhalese Music, Singing and Drumming. 1977. 33 1/3 rpm
disc. Bairenreiter-Musicaphon,
BM 30 SL 2566. Recordedin 1972
by Josef Kuckertz in the Kandy and Matale regions and in
Ambalangoda,and in 1976-1977 by Cyril de Silva Kulatillake.
Includes Buddhistfolksongs and drumming.Notes (8 pp.) in
EnglishandGermanby JosefKuckertz.
Paul D. Greene,PennsylvaniaState University
Keith Howard,School of Oriental and African
Studies, University of London
E.
Terry Miller, Kent State University
Steven G. Nelson,Kyoto City Universityof Arts,
Phong T. Nguyen,Kent State University
Hwee-SanTan, School of Orientaland
African Studies, University of London
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Notes
1. The sectionsurveyingthe discographyof ChineseBuddhistmusics was authoredby
Hwee-SanTan;the sectionon mainlandSoutheastAsia by TerryE. Miller andPhong T.
Nguyen; the section on Japanby Steven G. Nelson; the section on Korea by Keith
andsectionson SouthAsia and InnerAsia by
Howard;andthe introductoryparagraphs
PaulD. Greene.
2. To be sure, in many Buddhist cultures--particularly Therav_da Buddhist
cultures-ritual chant is not considered "music." Following common practice in
ethnomusicology, our aim is to assemble available recordings in which cultural
of soundcan be heard,whetheror not this is actuallyconsidered"music"by
patternings
to thisissue:GreeneandWei 2004).
(see also the Introduction
practitioners
3. In additionto the recordingsfrommainlandSoutheastAsia discussedhere,a website
accompanying The World of Music 44/2: Body and Ritual in Buddhist Musical Cultures
shadow
includesphotographsand soundfiles of wayangkulit Banjar,a Buddhist-Hindu
(Indonesia),to accompanyMargaret
puppetmusicaltheatretraditionin SouthKalimantan
Kartomi's article on this tradition (Kartomi 2002). Website: http://www.unibamberg.de/ppp/ethnomusikologie/wom02-2.
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171
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