MS 1822: 2005

Classification and definition of

power-driven vehicles and trailer
Professor Dr. Wong Shaw Voon
Director General
MIROS
Chairman, TC on General Safety
13 September 2011

Contents
y Introduction to the Standard
y Scope
y Use

y History of the Development

y Contents of the Standard

MALAYSIAN
STANDARD

MS 1822:2005

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF

POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES AND TRAILERS

y Recent Amendments

y Application of the Standard

ICS: 43.020
Descriptors: vehicle, power driven, trailers, classification, definitions

Copyright 2005
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

INTRODUCTION TO THE
STANDARD

Scope
y Defines classification and definition of powerdriven vehicles and trailers
y Defines terms relating to some types of road
vehicles designated according to certain design and
technical characteristics
y Do not take into account whether vehicles and
combinations are authorized or not in the country

Use
y Applicable to all vehicles designed for road
circulation, towed vehicles, combination of vehicles,
mopeds, motorcycles, as well as off-road vehicles
and tractors

HISTORY OF THE
DEVELOPMENT

Committee Representation
y Developed by WG on Terms and Definitions for Road Vehicles
y AAM, Kastam, JPJ,MAA, MITI, Perodua Manufacturing, PIAM,
PDRM, Proton Bhd, PUSPAKOM, SIRIM (R&T), SIRIM Bhd,
UPM, UTM
y Under authority of Road Vehicles Industry Standards Committee
(ISC)
y AAM, DOEnvironment, Dept of Standards, JPJ, MAA, MITI,
MODENAS, Perodua Manufacturing, PDRM, Proton Bhd, Proton
Vendor Association, UPM, UTM

Timeline MS1822:2005
y WG on Terms and Definitions for Road Vehicles
Encik Zulkifli Zahari (Chairman)
Cik Salmah Mohd Nordin (Secretary)
Encik V. Suveil Jevan/
Encik Ahmad Ismail Haji Amin
Cik Yeong Pik Lin
Tuan Haji Aziz Ishak
Encik Lee Bao Loong/Encik Stephen Oo/
Encik Ng Pheng Hiew
Encik Muhd Zulhilmi Ahmad
Puan Rogayah Abd Kader
YM Raja Muhammad Halim
ASP Akhbal Begum Usmalson
YM Tengku Azizan Tengku Ahmad/
Puan Nordiana Noordin
Tuan Haji Yaacob Ismail
Dr Wong Shaw Voon
Prof Madya Dr Roslan Abd Rahman/
Dr Pakharuddin Mohd Samin

SIRIM Berhad (Research and Technology

Division)
SIRIM Berhad
Automobile Association of Malaysia
Jabatan Kastam DiRaja
Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan
Malaysian Automotive Association
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Persatuan Insuran Am Malaysia
Polis DiRaja Malaysia
Proton Berhad
PUSPAKOM
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Commenced in 2002

Amendments
y Amendments were deliberated and agreed by TC of
General Safety
y Public Comment: 1st June 31st July 2010
y Approved by ISC-L on 2nd Dec 2010
y Approved by MOSTI on 13th June 2011

CONTENTS OF THE
STANDARD

Motor vehicles with less than four wheels

CATEGORY L

L1 and L2 Moped
y L1 Moped
y Two-wheeled vehicle
y Thermic engine CC < 50cm3
y Max design speed < 50km/h

y L2 Moped
y Three-wheeled vehicle
y Thermic engine CC < 50cm3
y Max design speed < 50km/h

L3 Motorcycle (solo)
y Two-wheeled vehicle
y Thermic engine CC >
50cm3
y Max design speed >
50km/h

L4 Motorcycle with sidecar

y Vehicle
with
three
wheels asymmetrically
arranged in relation to
longitudinal
median
plane
y Thermic engine CC >
50cm3
y Max design speed >
50km/h

L5 Motorcycle (tricycle)
y Vehicle with three
wheels symmetrically
arranged in relation to
longitudinal
median
plane
y Thermic engine CC >
50cm3
y Max design speed >
50km/h

Power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and used for the
carriage of passenger

CATEGORY M

M1 Passenger car
y Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers
y Not more than eight seats in additional to the drivers
seat
y Types of passenger cars:
y Saloon
y Hatchback/aeroback
y Station wagon
y Coup
y Convertible
y Multipurpose vehicle

M1 Passenger car: Saloon

y Body
y Closed
y With/without central pillar to side
windows

y Hood/roof
y Fixed, rigid
y A portion may be openable

y Accommodation
y four seats in two rows

y Doors
y 2/4 side doors
y May also be rear opening

y Windows
y 4

M1 Passenger car:
Hatchback/aeroback
y Saloon with a hatch at
the vehicle rear end

M1 Passenger car:
Station wagon
y Body
y Closed
y Rear shape designed for larger
interior volume
y Hood/roof
y Fixed, rigid
y A portion may be openable
y Accommodation
y four seats in two rows
y Row(s) of seats may have forwardfoldable backs/removable to provide
load platform
y Doors
y 2/3/4 side doors
y Rear opening
y Windows
y 4

M1 Passenger car: Coup

y Body
y Closed
y Usually limited rear volume

y Hood/roof
y Fixed, rigid
y A portion may be openable

y Accommodation
y two seats in one row

y Doors
y Two side doors
y May also be rear opening

y Windows
y 2

M1 Passenger car: Convertible

y Body
y Openable

y Hood/roof
y Soft or rigid
y At least two positions: covering
the body and retracted

y Accommodation
y two seats in one row

y Doors
y 2/4 side doors

y Windows
y 2

M1 Passenger car:
Multipurpose vehicle*
y Motor vehicle other than the first
five types of passenger car
y Intended for carrying passengers
and luggage/goods in a single
compartment
y *NOT considered M1 IF:
Number
of
seating
positions
(excluding driver) < six; AND
P (M + N x 68) > N x 68;
P = technically permissible max laden mass (kg)
M = mass in running order (kg)
N = number of seating positions (excluding
driver)

Bus

M2 AND M3 VEHICLES

M2 Bus
y Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers
y > eight seats (including drivers seat)
y Max mass <= 5t
y May be 1 or 2 decks rigid/articulated vehicle
y May also tow a trailer
y May belong to:
y one of three classes (Class I, Class II, Class III)
UN ECE Regulations Nos. 36 and 107, OR
y one of two classes (Class A, Class B) UN ECE
Regulation No. 52

M3 Bus
y Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers
y > eight seats (including drivers seat)
y Max mass > 5t
y May be 1 or 2 decks rigid/articulated vehicle
y May also tow a trailer
y May belong to:
y one of three classes (Class I, Class II, Class III)
UN ECE Regulations Nos. 36 and 107, OR
y one of two classes (Class A, Class B) UN ECE
Regulation No. 52

CLASSES OF M2 AND M3
VEHICLES

Classes I, II, III

Classes I, II, III

Classes A, B

Power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels, used for the

carriage of goods

CATEGORY N

N1 Goods vehicle
y Used for the carriage of
goods
y Max mass < 3.5t
y May also tow a trailer

N2 Goods vehicle
y Used for the carriage of
goods
y Max mass 3.5t < x < 12t
y May also tow a trailer

N3 Goods vehicle
y Used for the carriage of
goods
y Max mass > 12t
y May also tow a trailer

Trailers (including semi-trailers)

CATEGORY O

O1 - Trailer
y Non-powered vehicle
y Used to transport
persons or goods
y Intended to be towed
by a motor vehicle
with max mass < 0.75t

O2 - Trailer
y Non-powered vehicle
y Used to transport persons or goods
y Intended to be towed by a motor vehicle with max
mass 0.75t < x < 3.5t

O3 - Trailer
y Non-powered vehicle
y Used to transport persons or goods
y Intended to be towed by a motor vehicle with max
mass 3.5t < x < 10t

O4 - Trailer
y Non-powered vehicle
y Used to transport persons or goods
y Intended to be towed by a motor vehicle with max
mass > 10t

TYPES OF TRAILERS OF
CATEGORIES O2, O3 AND O4

Semi-trailer
y Towed vehicle
y Axle(s) positioned behind
COGV (uniform load)
y Equipped with connecting
device
y Horizontal
and
vertical
forces transmitted to towing
vehicle

y 1 axles driven by towing

vehicle

Full trailer
y Towed vehicle
y 2 axle(s)
y Equipped with towing device
y Can move vertically in relation
to trailer
y Controls direction of front
axle(s)
y Transmits no significant static
load to towing vehicle

y 1 axles driven by towing

vehicle

Centre-axle trailer
y Towed vehicle
y Towing device cannot move
vertically in relation to trailer
y Axle(s) positioned close to COGV
(uniform load) with transmission
to towing vehicle of:
y < 10% of static vertical load
correspond to max mass of trailer
OR
y 1,000 daN of load; which is less

y 1 axles driven by towing vehicle

Vehicle of category M, N or O for which special body arrangements

and/or equipment are necessary

SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE

Motor caravan
y Special purpose M1 category vehicle
y Constructed to include accommodation space with:
y Seats and table
y Sleeping accommodation which may be converted
from seats
y Cooking facilities
y Storage facilities

y Shall be rigidly fixed to living compartment, but table

may be designed to be easily removable

Security/armoured vehicle
y Vehicle intended for the protection of conveyed
passengers and/or goods
y Comply with armour plating anti-bullet requirements

Ambulance
y Motor vehicle of category M
y Intended for the transport of sick or injured people
y Has special equipment for such purpose

Hearse
y Motor vehicle
y Intended for transport of deceased people
y Has special equipment for such purpose

Agricultural and forestry tractors

CATEGORY T

Land tractor
y Power-driven vehicle
y Wheeled or track laying
y two axles
y Functions depend on tractive power, i.e. pull, push,
carry or actuate certain implements, machines or
trailers intended to use in agriculture or forestry

y May be arranged to carry load and attendants

Category G
y Off-road vehicles
y Vehicles of categories M and N satisfying the
Standards:
y Load and checking conditions
y Front and rear incidence angles, ramp angle and ground
clearance

Category L light motor vehicles

RECENT AMENDMENTS

Category L Revision
y Motor vehicle with 2/3/4 wheels
y Four-wheeled vehicle (quadricycle)
y Limited performance
y Limited mass

Category L

Category L

L1 Two-wheel mopeds
y Two-wheeled vehicle
y Max design speed < 45km/h
y For spark (positive) ignition engine: internal
combustion engine CC < 50cm3
y For electric engines: max continuous rated power <
4kW

L2 Two-wheel mopeds
y Three-wheeled vehicle of any wheel arrangment
y Max design speed < 45km/h
y For spark (positive) ignition engine: internal
combustion engine CC < 50cm3
y For other internal combustion engines, max net
power output < 4kW
y For electric engines: max continuous rated power <
4kW

L3 Motor cycles
y Two-wheeled vehicle
y Max design speed > 45km/h
y For internal combustion engine CC > 50cm3

L4 Motor cycles with

sidecars
y Vehicle with three wheels asymmetrically arranged in
relation to longitudinal median plane
y Max design speed > 45km/h
y For internal combustion engine CC > 50cm3

L5 Tricycle
y Vehicle with three wheels symmetrically arranged in
relation to longitudinal median plane
y Max design speed > 45km/h
y For internal combustion engine CC > 50cm3

NEW CATEGORIES

L6 Light quadricycles
y Vehicle with four wheels
y Unladen mass < 350kg
y Excluding mass of batteries (electric vehicles)

y Max design speed < 45km/h

y For spark (positive) ignition engine: internal
combustion engine CC < 50cm3
y For other internal combustion engines, max net
power output < 4kW
y For electric engines: max continuous rated power <
4kW

Category L6 : Classes I, II
y Class I

y Class II

y Have seats
y Horizontally confined
by a body
y Have a roof or rollover
protection
y Steered by steering
wheel
y Have foot-throttle
control

y Have saddles, no seats

y Have no body
y Have no roof or other
rollover protection
y Steered by handlebar
y Have hand-throttle
control

L7 Quadricycles
y Vehicle with four wheels, other than that classified
for L6
y Unladen mass < 400kg (550kg if for carrying goods)
y Excluding mass of batteries (electric vehicles)

y Max design speed < 45km/h

y For other internal combustion engines, max net
power output < 15kW
y For electric engines: max continuous rated power <
15kW

Category L6 : Classes I, II
y Class I
y Have seats
y Horizontally confined
by a body
y Have a roof or rollover
protection
y Steered by steering
wheel
y Have foot-throttle
control

y Class II
y Have saddles, no seats
y Have no body
y Have no roof or other
rollover protection
y Steered by handlebar
y Have hand-throttle
control

APPLICATIONS OF THE
STANDARD

y Harmonization in regulations and standard

y Referring to the same and commonly understood
classifications

y Tangible benefits for safety, environmental

protection and trade

References
y Malaysian Standard MS 1822:2005 Classification
and Definition of Power-Driven Vehicles and Trailers,
ICS: 43.020 Copyright 2005 Department of
Standards Malaysia
y Amendment/Technical Corrigendum of Malaysian
Standard MS 1822:2005