Tai Chi "108 forms"

Introduction
The "108 forms" Tai Tzi Tsuan (Tai Chi) set of techniques is a "traditional" form of the
Yan style. It presents the style almost exactly as it was originally introduced by Yan Lu
Chan. If you are looking for the spirit of the Yan style, you need to learn it.
The 108 is the third (among 24, 40 and 108), the longest one. If you are already familiar
with the "40 forms", learning "108" is just the mater of remembering the order of
already familiar techniques. However, the overall feeling is quite different, some people
may say that the "40 forms" is better for them, and some prefer "108 forms".
Note, that This form (as well as two shotter ones) is both meditation and martial. In
terms of martial applications, you will find the "108" quite similar to "40", however
thare are some important differences, that makes it richer. As for the meditation aspect,
you will find it very poverfull, both because of the way techniques are arranged, one
after another, and because it simply is the longest one.

Tai Tzi means "the great limit". Tsuan means "fist". The fist of the great limit. The
"limit" is a metaphor here, as many other things in Chinese philosophy, there is no limit,
but only our quest for it.

Fair warning
One disadvantage the book has, when you compare it to the live class is the fact, that in
the class the teacher can repeat the "rules" many times. Like "keep your back straight".
In the book I can only do it here and there, otherwise the book will be too long.
Nevertheless, there is a reason teachers repeat these rules, and the reason is - the
students, especially the beginners, break these rules EVERY time they can. This was
your fair warning. Learn the "rules", or find some other name for what you are doing, as
it is not going to be "Tai Chi".

Points
In the text, I am referring to some points located on the energy meridians. The list of
points can be found at the web site.

Sample
1. Preparation.
North

Initial position: heels together, toes together, knees straight, but not locked (just slightly
bent). Palms are turned towards the body, touching the sides of the thighs.
In this position, enter the "Chi Gun state", also called "U-dzi" ("U" as in "book"), the
state of a complete mental relaxation, with no thoughts.
Feel your body growing, and dissolving. Of course, at the beginning you will just
pretend to be relaxed, later this state will become natural for you.
Concentrate on the bai huei point (top of the head), then move your attention to the
lower dan tjan.

2. Step Out, Raise and Lower Hands

North
"Pull" your body together again, moving your attention and your weight to your right
side, starting from the right foot; at the end, 100 percent of your weight should be on
your right foot.
As your left foot becomes "empty", step to the left with your left foot, keep your weight
on the right foot. It should be as it your left foot stepped to the left by itself. As your
right knee remains (almost) straight, the only way to do this step is by putting the left
foot on its toes. First, the thumb of the left foot touches the ground, then the second toe
("pointing finger"), the third, and so on. In the same time, begin shifting your weight to
the left.
After all toes are on the ground, keep moving your weight to the left, so that the outer
edge of the left foot gets in touch with the ground, first its front part, then the middle,
then the outer side of the heel.

At the end, your weight should be distributed equally between left and right feet.

By moving your weight from the thumb, by the circle to the heel, you are creating the
initial "spin", as all tai chi movements are based in the never-ending circles. This same
circular motion creates the initial spin in your lower dan tjan (feel it, or at least keep
your attention there).
Also notice, that the point in the middle of your foot (jyn tsuan, see the list of points at
the web site) should not be pressed against the ground, it is very close, but if you take a
strip of paper, you should be able to push it under your foot, from the side of the thumb.

That means, that the weight is more on the outer edge of the foot, then on the inner side.
However, in the same time, the thumb must touch the floor.
After the weight is on both feet, we need to turn our palms so that they face backwards.
To do it, first, lift your baby finger from the surface of your thigh, as if it "knows" where
the palm will be, and is going there. Then lift the ring finger, and so on, every time
turning the palm a little, too. The last, thumb is turning. Keep your attention at the
finger that currently moves. Also, make sure your dzjan dzi points (shoulders, see the
list of points at the web site) are relaxed.
Note, that all that was said at the web site about the way your palms should be in Chi
Gun, applies to Tai Chi as well. The fingers should be straight, forming a line (not an
arch) with the palm. There should be an arch between the thumb and the pointing finger
(not a sharp angle), and there should be an arch between the thumb and a baby finger
(which means the thumb should not be in the same plane where the palm is).

The "meaning" of our stepping to the side with focus on the circles was "waking up" the
circles in the lower dan tjan and in our body in general. The "meaning" of the next form
is to "awaken" our palms.
Imagine that there are two spheres, size of a footbal ball, right at the level of your
palms. You need to allow your palms to move around them, brushing their surface. In
the same time, as your attention goes to your palms, the palms should become warmer.
When you practice Chi Gun long enough, you will be able to turn your palms red just
by focusing on them.
This little sub-form takes about 5 seconds to complete (you can do it slower if you
choose to). As your palms move, they may turn a little, to point at 45 degrees to the
sides.

After your palms moved all the way back, move them forward at the same trajectories,
to end up in the position where you have started (fingers pointing down, palms turned
back).
Note that we only move (bend and turn) palms, elbows and shoulders are not supposed
to move during this exercise.

Imagine, that your hands are very (infinitely) long, that they go down in the ground.
Keep your attention at the points dzjan dzi at your shoulders, making sure the shoulders
are relaxed and down. Hands should NOT be tense.
Bring your hands up-forward to the shoulder level, keeping the feeling that they are
very long. The coccyx should be turned forward, or (the same thing) you should push
your min men point back, keeping your back flat, with no curve forward in the waist. If
you do it correct, you will be able to raise your hands without using physical strength,
even if someone staying in front of you is holding your wrists. You will push him
forward, while the force he applies to you will go down, through the middle of your
feet, into the ground. Note, that if your back is not flat, this same force will break your
balance and you will fall back.
Then (do not think of long hands anymore) bend your hands slightly, and allow your
hands to go down, until the angle between them and your body is about 30 degrees. All
this time your palms should be parallel to the ground.
While bringing hands down, bend your knees, so that your body moves down to the
"working" depth (Chi Shi). The "working" depth is personal for everyone. Generally
speaking, the deeper you sit, the better, but most people cannot do that AND in the same
time to follow multiple rules and restrictions (mentioned both in this text and at the web
site). The way it is shown at the picture is fine for an average Tai Chi student.
The most important thing to keep im mind when choosing the "working debth", as well
as when doing ANYTHING in Tai Chi, is NOT to break rules. Let's say you are going
down by bending your knees. Then at some point you will reach a limit. To sit lower,
you will either have to bend forward (against the rules: you must keep your back
straight), or to move your coccyx back (against the rules: it will bend your lower back
forward. The lower back must be straight, you should always push the "min men" point
back a little bit). Or you will have to move your weight to your toes, which is wrong,
too. Therefore, you should not go down below that limit. Note, that recognizing your
limits (and fixing problems as they appear) and opponent's limits (and forcing him to

break them, and therefore to loose the balance) is an important part of Tai Chi martial
techniques.

3. Ward-Off Left
North
Unlike in Form 24, in Form 108 we may turn on the "loaded" foot. To comply with the
Tai Chi rules, we need to make this foot empty WITHOUT physically moving our body
towards the other foot. It may seem impossible, but is, as the mater of fact, simple.

As your weight is on your "loaded" foot, move your attention up, from the foot to the
lower dan tjan (it may look as a little move back and then forward again). As the result,
for a moment, your foot will become "empty", while still carrying your body weight.
At the following picture, we move the attention ("chi", actually) up, making the foot
empty, and then turn the front foot. Note, that the "coordination" rule still applies, we
can only turn the foot together with hips.

Move your weight to the right foot and turn 45 degrees right (North-East, NE). In the
same time, "take the ball", left hand at the bottom of an imaginary sphere, right hand at
top.
We need to step North from the position described above. First, bring your empty (no
weight on it) left foot towards the right foot (din bu position, facing NE).
Then turn left (N), and do an empty step North with your left foot. Note that (you
should always keep in mind things like that as doing Form 108 assumes that you are an
"advanced" student) we plan to end up in goon boo position at the end of the form. It
means that you should not put your left foot to the line that goes North from your right
foot. If you do it, then your feet will be too narrow and you will not be able to do a
proper goon boo position. Instead, you need to step NW (still facing North), it will
guarantee, that in the final goon boo position your feet will be shoulderwidth apart.
Note also, that the left foot still points North (as your hips are turned North).

In the same time with the empty step, move your left hand up, fingers point to the right,
wrist (where you would usually wear watches) pointing outside. Move the right hand
down, palm down, fingers pointing forward. Half-way, when your hands meet, the
fingers of your right hand should touch the inner side of the left wrist (the pulse). We do
not exaggerate it in this form, but this is a (reduced) push, as if you are making your
personal space larger by pushing with your right hand onto your left hand and with your
left hand onto your opponent. Once again, in this form it is just something to keep in
mind, not the actual push. In the same time (when hands touch each other) your left heel
should touch the floor.

Move 70% of your weight to your left foot to end up in the left goon boo facing North.
As you are moving your weight, move your left hand forward at the level of your
middle dan tjan (the heart), as if you are pushing against something. Your right hand
goes down and to the side. It ends up at the level of your hip, 30 degrees forward from
the plane where your body is (see "rules" listed at the web site).

Turn right (East) on your loaded left foot, the final position is right din bu, hands
holding a ball.

4. Grasp the sparrow's tail

East
Initial position: left din bu, hands in the "holding a ball" position, facing East.
This form is one of the most important in Tai Chi, as it includes most of its basic
principles.
Phen (pheng)
Block the attack at the face level with your right hand. The palm goes up approximately
to the eye level, at the beginning its thumb is up (he gu point up), at the end it should be
baby finger up.
The hand is lifted only by the shoulder joint, while the elbow does not bend. Keep in
mind that, as always, the shoulder should remain relaxed, and DOWN, do not lift the
shoulder (by "shoulder" here we mean the shoulder joint, as the hand goes up, the
shoulder joint should go down).
In the same time, bring your left hand towards the solar plexis, by the small curve,
blocking it, palm forward, fingers up.
In the same time do an empty step forward at 45 degrees, heel touches the floor first.
Move your weight forward, to end up in the right goon boo, facing East.

Lui
"Give the hands away", entering a fully relaxed state. Every move in Tai Chi begins and
ends in a fully relaxed (not weak, but mentally relaxed) state called "u dzi" ("u" as in
"book"). The relaxation is an inner thing, some kind of readiness to move in any
direction without resistance or delay. Also, keep in mind, that "relaxed" hands have
nothing to do with high amplitude waving hands, the "lui" is a compact and fully
controlled technique. As soon as you enter an empty state, the next movement will
appear by itself, from this emptiness.

Turn both hands. If the palm was up, it will be down, if it was down, it will face up. In
our case, turn the right hand palm down, and left hand palm up. Keep your palms
parallel to the ground and at the same level. It is necessary to lock your opponent's
elbow properly (as one of the possible interpretations). Keep your fingers straight - even
if you work with the real partner, this is a push with palms, not a grasp.

The idea of lui (there are many variations of this technique) is to guide opponent's
power, so that you are unaffected, while he loses balance.
Turn the back (left) foot a little bit outside, move your weight on it, and pull opponent's
hand in front of your center (lower dan tjan), parallel to the ground.
Note, that the term "pull" above is not quite correct. You are not pulling, but rather
pushing down with your hands and moving your opponent around by turning your hips.
As you turn your hips, the foot of the front (right) leg should turn, too, pointing in the
same direction with hips.
Also note, that we are NOT moving hands sideways on this technique. They are in front
of our body all the time. By turning our hips, we may create an illusion of hands moving
to the side, but it is just an illusion. This is a very important detail, used in many martial
arts, from Tai Chi, to Aikido: when you pull with your hands, you can only produce a
fraction of the power that you can create by turning hips instead. This is a simple
mechanics: your hips are stronger than your hands.
Also, if you pull by moving your hands to the side, your right armpit will eventually
close, which is against the principles. Your opponent can use it by pushing on your
elbow, if the armpit is closed, you will have no power to push back.

Dzi
Move your front (right) hand by the circle down, then up in front of your solar plexis.
The final position should be the following: the hand (from the wrist to the elbow)
parallel to the ground and to the chest, the distance between the hand and the chest is
about two widths of a palm. The left hand touches the right wrist (a baby finger is at the
pulse), fingers of the left hand pointing up. If you stay in front of the mirror, you should
be able to see fingers of your left hand, except for the last (closer to wrist) joints.
Move your weight to the front foot (goon boo position), push forward with your right
hand (between wrist and shoulder), and push at your right hand with your left palm.
However, during the weight transition your right hand should remain at the same
distance from your chest. It means, as in the "lui" above, that we are using the power of
hips, not the power of hands. Only at the end you may "extend" the circle your hands
forming, as if you breath in, increasing your personal space. At that point your hand
may move forward a bit, increasing the distance between it and your chest.
Keep your attention at the lao gun point (see list of points, awailable at the web site),
and make sure your fingers are straight and stretched out, as opposed to half-bent and
weak.

An
Allow your left hand to "crawl" forward around the right wrist (from the thumb / pulse
towards the baby-finger), the final position is: hands extended forward at the shoulders
level, wrists crossed. Make sure wrists are straight (not bent).
The "an" means "waves".
Move your wrists apart, in the position "hands are forward at the level of shoulders".

Move your weight on the back foot, in the same time hands move a little bit sideways
and down. Then push forward, think of pushing opponent's shoulders.
Unlike in Form 24, in Form 108 we do not lift the foot when moving weight back (in
this particular exercise).
Note, that you shouldn't move your hands down too much, or you may end up in a
position, from which it is not comfortable to perform a push forward.

Transition to the next form

Turn left on the loaded right foot, 180 degrees. Your body should rotate around a
vertical spine, without moving weight to the other foot.
During this spin, your hands should slide along the inner surface of an imaginary sphere
(or cylinder), imagine, that you are being pushed back and you need to turn and to direct
the pushing force around you. Your body is turning using this imaginary "pushing force,
that comes to you through your hands. Do not bend your elbows.
It is important to keep in mind that this turn, as well as all Tai Chi moves, originates in
your hips.
Bring the left foot to the right foot, its toes touching the floor (din bu position, facing
West). Later in the next form it will do a step West, to end up in a left goon boo position
(West).

5. Single whip.
West
Initial position: left din bu, facing West. Right hand forms a "claw", at the level of a
shoulder, left hand is palm up, its fingers touching the right wrist at the pulse area.
How to form a "claw" (a hook): the four fingers should touch the side of a thumb,
imitating the grasp on an imaginaginary opponent's hand. DO NOT bend the wrist.

Do an empty step towards West with the left foot, heel down, at 45 degrees, so that we
eventually end up in a proper goon boo.
Move the right hand back a little bit, but make sure it is still 30 degrees forward and
NOT in the same plane where the body is. In the "whip", at the very end, we are going
to turn the body right a little, and it may create an illusion of the right hand being in the
same plane with the back. It is not so, it is still 30 degrees, as stated in the "rules" at the
web site.
As you turn your body, the left hand moves too, together with the shoulder and NOT by
itself. At the end of a turn, the right hand goes a little (just a little) up, and the left hand
goes a little bit down. In the same time, the left wrist bends up, but just slightly, the
wrist is still almost straight.
In the final position your shoulders should be turned inside a little bit more than your
hips. Your left hand should be at the shoulder level.

Keep in mind, that all moves come from the hips. Particularly, in the "whip", you need
to turn first, and only then to do an empty step. It is not allowed to turn and step in the
same time.
Unlike in Form 24, where the opponent's punch is aimed at your face, in the Form 108 it
is aimed at your chest. Your blocking (left) hand should move accordingly.
The meaning of this form is: 1) while turning, we have blocked the opponent's punch,
and lifted his hand. 2) while doing an empty step, we pushed his hand to the side. 3)
while moving forward into a gun bo position, we pushed his hand down with our hand.
Keep in mind, that hands and legs should move in a synchronized way. This is the
reason Tai Chi is called a dynamic meditation - by doing complex synchronized forms
we achieve the inner emptiness and relaxation. In this particular form we have 3 parts
(turn - step - goon boo) and 3 hand techniques, synchronized together.
Also keep in mind (as always) that the center of gravity should not go up and down - it
is moving parallel to the ground.
Keep your hands "long", do not bend elbows too much, and do not bring your hands too
close to your body. If you do it in a combat situation, the punishment will follow,
immediately.

6. Raise Hands, Shoulder Stroke

NE
Turn right (North-East) on your loaded left foot and bring both hands down by circles,
half way they move down-outside, the second half down-inside (towards the central
line). As your hands go down, the thumbs should point down.
Turn palms fingers up and bring hands up in front of your body.
In the final position, fingers of the left hand should point at the right elbow, and the
fingers of the right hand should point up. The right hand (its fingertips) is at the level of
your chin.
You are now in the sui bu position, the front foot is touching the floor with its heel.
Make sure your armpits are "empty".

Note that it is a "position", not a martial technique. You are supposed to simply raise
your hands, not to block or attack someone. We simply did opening and closing and
ended up in sui bu facing NE.
By the way, regardless the fact that, unlike in 24 forms, we do not have to move the
weight on the back foot in order to turn the front one, nothing prevents you from doing
it, especially if you have sore knee, or some problems with the balance.
After the "raise hands" part, we do the "shoulder stroke" part.
Do a "small lui", in the same time, bring the front (right) foot close to the left one,
assuming the din bu position.

Step forward (NE) with your right foot, to the right goon boo position. Note, that as we
need to end up in the goon boo facing NE, the step is performed to the East. If we step
to NE, then either goon boo will be facing North, or feet will be on a line, rather then
shoulderwidth apart.
As we do a step, bend a STRAIGHT back forward at 45 degrees, performing a "dzi"
(pushing) technique. Think of stopping the opponent's legs, or pushing at the shoulders
of an opponent that is tryiong to grab your legs.
The right wrist should be straight, the pushing is performed with the forearm. Fingers of
the left hand are at the right wrist (the pulse area), reinforsing the right hand.

This pushing is done by becoming "round", as if you expand in all directions. It

shouldn't be done with hands only.
Note, that the "rules" still apply, the front knee shouldn't go forward beyond the toes of
the same foot.
It is also important to keep in mind the way our hips work in this (and all other)
techniques. When we do a "lui", hips turn left, not hands - hands are still in front of your
body. Then you turn right, and only then step to goon boo.

7. White crane spreads wings

West
Transition from the previous form
Turn left (West) on your loaded right foot. Your hands should remain in the same
position as at the end of the previous form (relative to the shoulders). As you turn, bring
your back in the vertical position. Hands will go up with the shoulders. This can be
considered as a martial technique, you may notice, that there is a lot of power in this
simple turn, and you can push away your opponent as you do it.
Near the end of the turn, bring the left foot to the right one, assuming the left din boo.
As you do it, turn your hips 45 degrees right (NW).

Here we "push out", not that much in the physical space, but mostly mentally,
increasing the size of a sphere formed by our hands. It is done not by pushing out with
your hand, but by stretching out the fingers of the right hand.

White crane
Turn your hips left (W), step to a sui bu position with your left foot. Left hand moves
down and to the side, as if blocking a low attack. The right hand (unlike in Form 24)
doing a wery short, low amplitude slap in the opponent face, it does so by moving about
5 inches forward and in the same time bending (a little!) in the wrist, so that the "heel"
of a palm goes forward.

When you do a final "slap", there is always a temptation to lower your position. You are
not supposed to do it.
Again, note the way hips work. When you turn your hips left, they add a great deal to
the "slap" you performing with your right palm, as well as to the block you do with the

left one. As always, we are using power of hips, not power of hands (one of the few
reasons is that hips are much stronger).

8. Brush knee
West
After the "white crane", do the transition form. In this form the right hand moves inside
(towards the central line), its palm turning towards the face (it is a blocking technique).
The final position of this transition form is as follows: body is turned 45 degrees left,
left hand pointing left and forward (more forward than left) at the shoulder level, its
elbow down and palm up. Fingers of the right hand point to the left elbow, right palm is
down. The distance between the right palm and the body (it is in front of the middle dan
tjan) should be about two widths of a palm, it is very important NOT to bring your hand
too close to the body.
The left foot at the end of a transitional form remains on the same spot on the floor,
turning with the hips (as an "empty" foot should, according to the rules).

Turn your body right, and bring the left foot towards the fight foot (left din bu position).
In the same time continue moving hands, performing exactly the same circles, so that
they end up in the position that is reversed, relative to what was described above: right
hand is pointing right and forward, left fingers near the right elbow.
Do an empty step with your left foot (your body will turn left, of course), put your left
hand on the imaginary opponent's fist that is attacking your stomach at the level of a

belly button. In the same time, bring your right palm towards the temple, as shown at
the picture.
Note, that the right hand moves to the temple by a circle, as if going around an
imaginary sphere.

Move your weight forward (left goon boo position), the body turns left a little bit more,
the left hand pushes (with the palm, at the side of a baby finger) the opponent's hand to

the left, moving in a circle, as if brushing the knee. Note, that the left hand does not
move left by itself, it is still in front of your body, that is the body that turns.
In the same time, extend the rught hand forward, touching (pushing) the opponent's
chest at the level of the middle dan tjan. Note, that the wrist is almost straight here, as a
general rule in Yan style Tai Chi, we do not bend the wrist, only the minor bending is
allowed, barely to "show" the technique.

9. Play the lute

West
Initial position: same as the final position of "brush knee" above. You are in the left
goon boo, left hand is above the left knee and a bit outside, it have just blocked the
opponent punch in the stomach and pushed the attacker's hand to the outside. The right
hand is forward, touching the middle dan tjan of an opponent.
From this position, step forward with the back (right) foot. This kind of a step (a substep, just to give it a name) is performed when you need to release the front foot,
making it empty. The back (right) foot moves forward so that its toes are at the line of
the heel of a front foot (the line is perpendicular to the direction of an attack, it goes
fron N to S in our case). The distance (along that line) between feet is about two fists.
Note, that (considering the fact, that the back foot will eventually turn 45 degrees to the
right) this distance gives us a chance to end up in a proper sui bu position.
The opponent moves his hand around your blocking hand and punches you in the
stomach.

Bring your left palm a bit up, its palm inside (towards the central line), and block the
opponent's elbow inside. In the same time, the right palm touches the opponent's hand
near the wrist (a bit towards the elbow, if you do it at the wrist, it will bend and the
opponent will escape), pushing it inside, too.
This way the opponent's hand is locked, and you can control his body through it.
Bring your left foot up (width of a palm is enough) and down on the heel, it is a kick in
the opponent's foot. In the same time, your hands should do the push forward (width of
a palm is enough), sending an impulse into the opponent.

10, 11, 12. Brush knee

West, 3 times
After the "lute", turn your hips 45 degrees right. As you do it, pull your front (left) foot
to the din boo position. In the same time, the right hand goes "to the side" (it seems that
it does, due to the body turn. In reality, it is still almost perpendicullar to the shoulders).
The left hand ends up pointing to the right elbow. This is the same hand technique we
have already seen in the "transition form" of the "white crane", as well as in the
"brushing the knee".
Do the first "brushing the knee", as described above: step forvard to the left goon boo,
the left hand brushing, the right hand pushing.

Turn 45 degrees left on your loaded left foot. Move your weight on your left (front) foot
and step forward with your right foot, in the right din bu position. As you do the step,
bring hands through the "holding a ball" position, to the already familiar position with
the left hand pointing left-forward, fingers of the right hand pointing at the left elbow.

Repeat the "brush knee" step, you need to do it three times alltogether, stepping forward
with the left, right and left foot again.

Important notes:
Do not fall on your foot when doing steps. See the description of "empty steps".
Make sure hands and feet start and stop moving in synch. In this particular technique
there is an equal number on hand and feet moves, so it should be easy, provided that you
keep an eye on it.
Make sure your center of gravity does not jump up and down as you walk.

The "brushing" is done by a small circle. Also, as one hand goes down, the other goes
up, as one hand goes forward, the other goes back.
Fingers of lower hand in the final position are forward, not down. Palm is down.
The "pushing" hand is in front of your middle dan tjan in its final position.

13. Play the lute

West
See #9

14. Brush knee

West
See #10

15. Parry, deflect and punch

West
Bring your left hand up at the lower chest / upper stomach level, palm down, fingers
pointing forward. The idea is to put your palm on top of opponent's attacking hand
(attack aimed at your stomach), it is a variation of the lui technique. In the same time,
bring your right hand towards the left side of your ribcage, under the left elbow, making
a fist. As you do it, turn your body left at 45 degrees.
Now you need to slap opponent's hand (the same one you have blocked) by the right
arm, the slap goes down, and then to push it to the right by turning your body right. Do
it while moving your weight on your left foot, the right fist goes up from under the left
elbow, and the left palm goes left (to the side of your body) and down.

Make sure the fist is relaxed, but still, it should be a "correct" fist, with straight wrist.
Put your right foot down (it is a kick at opponent's foot), the final heel position should
be as in sui bu. In the same time, your left hand should continue moving to the side of
your body and down by a small circle. The right fist delivers a slap (which is a block, or
a control you apply to opponent's hand).

Note that at first you turn your body left, and now it is facing forward (West, the
direction of an attack). Later in this form you will step forward turning your body right,
and then punch while turning it forward again. It is very important to make sure that
hands and legs move in synch, they begin and end "sub-forms" simultaneously.
Particularly, at the first part of the form (right fist under the elbow), you should finish
turning your body and pringing your right fist under the left elbow in the same time and
simultaneously with the weight transfer (on the left foot).
In the second part (slap down with the right fist), the body turn (forward), the slap and
the right heel touching the ground should occur at the same time.

Move your weight on the front (right) foot. Note, that we need (at the end of the form)
to get to a goon boo position. As the right foot will be the back one (after the current
step we are going to do one more, with the left foot), it should be at 45 degrees to the
right relative to the direction of an attack. To do so, we need to turn the body 45 degrees
to the right, as the right foot is "empty", it will turn with the body (hips). Then and only
then we can transfer the weight on the right foot.
Important! Turning and transfering weight at the same time creates the "double weight",
which is one of the most common errors in Yan style Tai Chi.
As you turn, move your hands down and to the sides by circles. Then (continue the
hand's curve-like trajectory) move your left hand forward, as if you are about to block
the opponent's fist at the very beginning of a punch. In the same time, bring your right
fist towards your hips, at the "ready to punch" position.
Turn your body forward, left hand beginning (just beginning) to move towards the
central line of your body (blocking towards you and inside). Step forward (at 45 degrees
to end up in a proper goon boo) with your left foot.

Move your weight on your left foot (goon boo position, West) and punch with the right
fist at the level of your middle dan tjan (heart). The left hand should perform the block
with the palm, towards your body, in the final position it should be fingers up, palm to
the right (left palm facing the right elbow).

16. Apparent Withdraw and Push

West
This technique is similar to the last part of a "sparrow", but hands should not go down
that much. First, bring your left palm under the right hand, as if you are creating a fence
bewteen your right hand and opponent's hand.
Then move your left palm towards the right wrist. In the same time: a) open the right
fist, b) begin turning hands around the middle fingers, towards thumbs. In the final
position, wrists are crossed, palms up, thumbs touching). Note, that we do it while
beginning to shift the weight back, however, instead of moving the weight right away,
we turn forward the coccyx, or, to put it the other way, we push our min men point (on
the back, at the waist level) back. We always begin moving back with the min men.
Then move hands apart, at the width of your shoulders. Imagine opponent holding onto
your wrists.

Move your weight on the back (right) foot, bring your palms towards your shoulders
and turn them a bit palms forward. You are using the power of your hips (not hands) to
pull an opponent forward.
Then move your palms by a very little circles down-outside (if your opponent is still
holding onto your wrists, it will lock his hands), and push forward aiming at opponent's
shoulders. Feel your body expanding in all directions while doing it, you are pushing
yourself into opponent's space.

Note that elbows should be down, and the back straight.

17. Cross hands

North
Turn your hips to the right (North) the right foot turns on its heel North, too.
Move your weight to the right foot, assuming the right goon boo (facing North), and
turn the left foot to the right, to where it should be in a proper goon boo.
During this turn, the hands should "open". The left hand almost does not move, relative
to the ground. As the body turns, it means that the angle between the left hand and the
line of shoulders increases from 90 degrees to a maximum allowed 120 degrees. The
right hand turns with the body, unlike the left hand, it moves relative to the ground, but
the angle between it and the shoulders doesn't change.

Move your weight to the back (left) foot. Hands move by circles, in final position the
wrists should cross, right hand closer to the body.
When your right foot becomes "empty", bring it back, assuming a symmetric position,
feet shoulder width apart, facing North.