Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Training Programme on
Sweden
Swede
14000
United States
12000
Electricity
Consumption per capita
(kWh)
Australia
10000
Korea
8000
OECD
Japan
Saudi Arabia
Germany
Russian Federation
6000
United Kingdom
4000
Malaysia
World
Argentina
People's Rep. of China
Brazil
Latin America
Africa AsiaIndonesia
India
Bangladesh
2000
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
7000
Europe&CA
6000
5000
4000
World
3000
China
2000
1000
0
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Afghanistan Pakistan
SouthAsia
Nepal
Bangladesh
0.35
0.45
0.55
SriLanka
0.65
0.75
0.85
HumanDevelopmentIndex(2011)
CO2 Emissions
Per Capita and per GDP
4.50
4.00
Russian Federation
CO2 /G
GDP (kg CO2/2000 USD)
3.50
3.00
2.50
People's Rep. of
China
2.00
India
I d
Indonesia
i
1.50
Africa Asia
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
Saudi Arabia
Malaysia
World
Australia
Korea
Argentina Germany
OECD
Latin America
UK
Brazil
Sweden
Japan
Bangladesh
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
United States
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
26659
27752
20440
2346
China
2000
717
734
20660
21554
5762
5718
Italy
4000
Brazil
6122
6338
Russia
6000
4810
5013
6192
6142
8063
8502
UK
8000
7175
7185
10000
Germany
8220
8475
12000
7585
7573
14000
2006
France
16000
11309
11216
13515
13616
18000
16766
16995
$: Indian data displayed under column 2006 and 2007 correspond to the year 2007-08 & 2008-09 respectively.
The provisional figures for 2009-10 is 777.7 kWh; So: CEA (June, 2010)
World
India ($)
S. Africa
Korea
Japan
Australia
USA
Canada
60
50
40
30
20
58.5
70
13.5
14.5
1
15.3
1
16.8
17.0
17.6
18.6
19.6
20.1
20.5
21.6
22.3
22.3
22.4
22.7
24.4
24.8
27.7
28.1
28.4
32.6
32.7
34.3
34.5
35.0
38.0
38.8
40.8
6.17
6.553
USA
World
8.58
9.20
15.32
15.27
10.98
13.56
27.220
25.47
30
India
Brazil
77.64
7
7.57
15
Russia
UK
7.84
9.62
6.336
6.83
China
Canada
6.222
6..91
8.75
9.57
6.80
7.86
France
S. Africa
10
5.55
6.335
2006
Australia
T & D Loss (% )
25
Italy
4.65
5.30
Germany
3.61
3.77
4.57
4.80
Japan
Korea
Pondicherry
HimachalPrad.
AndhraPrad.
Punjab
TamilNadu
Goa
Kerala
Karnataka
Tripura
Uttrakhand
Maharashtra
WestBengal
Gujarat
AllIndia
Haryana
UttarPrad.
Rajasthan
Assam
Nagaland
Meghalaya
MadhyaPrad.
Chhatisgarh
Mizoram
Arun.Prad.
Bihar
Manipur
Sikkim
Jharkhand
J&K
T&DLoss(%)
2007
20
201112(AP)
10
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12*
MW
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
*2011-12
155.43
200
140000
120000
100000
80000
40000
60000
300
Demand (MW)
7.09
7.35
424.51
So: CEA (June, 2010), MoP (2011-12); * Upto November & Provisional
Year
So: CEA (June, 2010), MoP (2011-12); * Upto November & Provisional
8.50
100
861.59
830.59
788.36
746.64
777.04
739.34
691.04
613.87
569.08
10.11
666.01
624.50
11.07
Shortage
9.92
9.57
900
7.30
8.38
591.37
548.12
631.76
578.82
690.59
7.13
7.50
7.85
800
519.40
545.67
8.81
497.59
559.26
483.35
6.21
5.90
10.91
Availability (TWh)
7.31
507.22
8.05
467.41 522.54
450.59
480.43
390.33
446.58
420.24
9.15
11.51
8.33
7.80
7.87
7.92
354.05
413.49
365.90
389.72
2999.49
352.26
7.74
9.40
Requirement (TWh)
327.28
500
7.90
700
187.98
223.19
205.91
247.776
228.15
2677.63
246.566
2288.97
266.43
305.27
279.82
323.25
6.70
600
157.26
192.36
174.28
210.99
145.01
170.75
400
25810
22800
280990
24215
308850
269244
319990
282442
366245
317113
40385
336658
44005
37171
48055
339027
52805
41984
54875
44830
57530
48066
60981
49836
63853
52376
65435
58042
67905
58445
72669
63691
74872
65628
78441
69189
81492
71547
84574
75066
87906
77652
93255
81792
100715
86818
108866
90793
109809
96785
119166
104009
122287
110256
127724
114233
Energy Shortage
Power Supply Position (Energy-wise)
14
12
10
8
Year
Peak Shortage
Availability (MW)
20000
30000
40000
Subsidy
17684
201011
201112
37836
20000
18210
200910
41401
200809
29468
8
200708
10000
35880
16330
10000
17032
20000
24454
CommercialLossandSubsidy 201112(Rs.Cr.)
23049
30000
CommercialLoss(withsubsidy)
50000
Investment in Infrastructure as a % of
GDP (Rs. Crore in 20062006-07 prices)
Completed Projects
No. of
Projects
Projects under
Projects in Pipeline Total
Implementation
Project
No. of
Project
No. of
Project
No. of
Cost
Projects Cost
Projects Cost
Projects
(crore))
(crore))
(crore))
13,699
5,762
5,883
25,344
6,387
19,704
9,073
6,105
18
41,287
66,631
64
13
2
4
83
41,913
10,509
18,777
4,717
75,916
81
29
69
37
1
1
15
74
17
214
297
60,866.5 86
51,548
18
500
13
500
3
28,392
34
19,738
68
3,575
19
1,65,119.5 241
2,41,035.5 401
50
160
76,341
18,465
Project
Cost
(crore))
184
65
5
90,000
54
1,84,806 308
1,31,953
34,736
24,660
94,717
286,066
40,205
17,436
4,120
312
62,032
47,141
21,701
1,92,947
3,77,753
107,458.5
88,688
4,620
812
99,497
72,984
25,294
3,99,353.5
6,85,419.5
251
75
14
4
57
193
37
631
939
In India
India,, the initial reform model was designed for
functional unbundling of the vertically integrated
utilities.
}
C
Vertically
Integrated SEBs
Captive
CPSUs
Vertically
Integrated SEBs
Generation
Transmission
Bulk Supply
Distribution
Retail Supply
Trading
Genco
} T & BS
} D & RS
Transco
Discos
IPPs
Captive
T & BS
Regulated
Market
D & RS
Restructuring of SEBs
Orissa 1 Genco,
Genco 1 Transco and 3 Discoms
Haryana 1 Genco, 1 Transco and 3 Discoms
AP 1 Genco, 1 Transco and 3 Discoms
UP 2 Genco, 1 Transco and 4 Discoms
(+KESCO,
( KESCO, NPCL Pvt.)
Maharashtra 1 Genco, 1 Transco and 1
Discoms (+BSES - REL)
outset.
outset
Open access in distribution to be
introduced in phases. Provision for
surcharge till for current level of cross
subsidy
b id to
t be
b gradually
d ll phased
h d out.
t
Trading recognised as a distinct activity
with ceilings on trading margins to be
fixed by the Regulatory Commissions.
T & BS
Regulated
Market
Competitive Market
Segments
D & RS
Regulatory Structure
Independent Regulators
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
(CERC) established under the Electricity
Regulatory Commissions Act, 1998.
State Electricity Regulatory Commissions
(SERCs) established under respective reform
acts of the states (Orissa, Haryana, AP, etc.)
and the Electricity Regulatory Commissions
Act, 1998.
Further Readings
Power
Power Sector Reform in India: Current Issues and
Further Readings
Analysing Efficiency of Electric Distribution Utilities in India: a Data
Further Readings
Analysing Efficiency of Electric Distribution Utilities in India: a Data