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WELCOME.
There is no question that the demands on leaders and managers have never
been more sophisticated and complex than they are today. Whether its
managing the supply chain, using the new suite of workplace analytics,
automation, quality control, or employee performance the talents needed to
be a successful manager and leader are increasing. Management needs new
and better skills in order to cope with these growing challenges. One of the
biggest human resource hurdles facing business today is getting employees
engaged and keeping them that way.
We oer a science-based, empirically validated approach to
improving workplace engagement. Human performance is not simply the
result of ecient processes, elegant organizational structure, or pay scales
(although these are valuable inuencers). Recent research in the eld of
neuroscience is nothing short of revelatory, providing a better understanding
of what human beings need to thrive. We builds proven approaches based on
insights from the eld of neuroscience and the behavioral sciences.
Cheers,
CONTENTS
impact of disengagement
cost of disengagement
10
evolution of work
11
12
16
18
20
discretionary eort
21
22
impact in organizations
24
impact in teams
25
26
30
32
E3 SOLUTIONS MODEL
TO IMPROVING ENGAGEMENT
Understand
Align
Build
relationships
Create a felt
sense of safety
Measure
THE ENGAGEMENT
BELL CURVE
n
tio
c
t
sfa
en
ati
S
m
t
e
n
ag
tie
g
a
n
P
dE
an
3x more
productive than the
Actively Disengaged
Actively
Disengaged
Somewhat
Disengaged
Engaged
Actively
Engaged
Notes
ENGAGEMENT
DELIVERS RESULTS
(Hay Group)
88% of
engaged employees
38% of
disengaged employees
Employees in highly engaged workplace cultures are 87% less likely to quit.
(Towers Perrin)
Financial performance is four times better for organizations with fully engaged employees compared
with dissatised employees. (Watson Wyatt)
Companies with highly engaged employees are 26% more productive, have lower turnover risk, and
are more likely to attract top talent. They have also earned 13% greater total returns for shareholders
over the past ve years. (Watson Wyatts 2008/2009 WorkUSA Report)
Fully engaged employees are 2.5 times more likely to exceed performance expectations than their
disengaged colleagues. (Hay Group)
THE IMPACT
OF DISENGAGEMENT
LOOKS LIKE:
RESULTS IN:
THE COST
OF DISENGAGEMENT
$
Dollar Amount
%
Percentage
of Revenue
Number of
Employees
Reasons
Notes
COLLEAGUE ENGAGEMENT
DEFINED
ENGAGEMENT IS A positive, fullling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication,
and absorption.
THEY LOVE WHAT they are doing, and they look forward to coming to work. They are passionate about
what they do, feel that they are an important part of the big picture, and feel that their energy and
innovation make their companies not only successful but competitive as well.
ENGAGEMENT IS AN individuals sense of purpose and focused energy, evident to others in the display
of personal initiative, adaptability, eort, and persistence directed toward organizational goals.
Engagement is the psychic kick of immersion, striving, absorption, focus, and involvement...felt and
sensed by employees...
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IS a deep and broad connection that employees have with a company that
results in a willingness to go above and beyond whats expected of them to help their company succeed.
She feels emotionally connected to the organization and its leaders, and she is willing to put that
knowledge and emotion into action to improve performance, her own and the organizations.
Employee Engagement
[em-ploi-ee en-geyj-muh nt]
DRIVERS OF
COLLEAGUE ENGAGEMENT
COGNITIVE
Focus What is my/the companys mission?
Capability Do I have what it takes to succeed?
1. Competency: training, learning
2. Capacity: ability to absorb and integrate learning
3. Tools & Resources: equipment, technology,
software
4. Processes: organizational procedures, rules,
networks, and structures that encourage success
EMOTIONAL
Relationships (with supervisor and trusted colleagues)
Well-being
Safety/Trust
Recognition/Validation
Inspiration/Motivation
APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY
Holding people accountable without being negative
A
APPRECIATE
First, I want to thank you for your eorts on this project...
EXPRESS CURIOSITY
Im curious; if we were going to do this again, what should we do dierently?
Notes
ACTION ITEMS:
KEY TAKEAWAYS:
THE EVOLUTION
OF WORK
LEADERSHIP 1.0
LEADERSHIP 3.0
BORING
ROUTINE
AUTOMATED
CREATIVE
SOLUTION FOCUSED
INNOVATIVE
LOV ACTUALIZED
Notes
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE
LEADERSHIP
Be relational
HIGHLY
EFFECTIVE
LEADERSHIP
HIGHLY
ENGAGED
EMPLOYEES
HIGHLY
LOYAL
CUSTOMERS
EXCEPTIONAL
RESULTS
11
UNDERSTANDING
THE BRAIN
Most of what we do during the day is reactive to unconscious forces we never hear, yet their voices
represent a chorus of intent and behavioral guidance that cannot be ignored. Nowhere is it more
important to integrate this understanding than in the workplace. When considering employee
engagement, these forces are the key to understanding the origin of intrinsic motivation and
sustained high levels of performance. What follows are a few facts about the brain to help our
understanding.
The brain occupies about 3% of our body mass but consumes about 20% of our resources. Energy
is scarce there simply arent enough resources to fuel everything the brain is capable of doing.
This helps us understand why when we force employees to multitask, the quality of their work
(and their IQ) typically declines.
There is a hierarchy of need hardwired into the brains circuits. When the going gets tough, the
limbic system, which has control precedence, can hijack energy in order to focus our behavior on
critical survival imperatives (so-called ight, ght, or freeze responses).
One of the key functions of the limbic system is the processing of our emotions. This part of the
brain is known for its hypersensitivity to perceived danger. It constantly scans for danger
(real or potential) and directs us to the most appropriate behavioral responses, often with little
conscious thought. Since our brains are risk averse, the general goal is to scan for and identify
any potential danger, not to be precise or accurate.
12
Emotion
[ih-moh-shuh n]
noun
1. Our internal GPS, guiding our actions, behaviors and thoughts toward
a destination the brain has been seeking every day since birth.
The guidance is prolic, typically silent (subconscious), and driven by
the hard-wired need for connection, validation, and predictability.
Emotion has control precedence in your brain.
-E3 Solutions denition
Due in large part to this danger/negativity bias (often referred to as favoring false positives),
neuroscientists say it takes ve positives to neutralize one negative. It also means constructive
criticism may not be as benecial as we once thought. As neuroscientist Dr. James Coan told our
team, Anything negative is a punch to the brain.
One scientist said he likens the limbic brain to a squirrel its not very smart but it is hyper-attentive
to danger. A twig snaps and it scrambles up the closest tree. The key objective is to survive, even
if precious energy is wasted doing so. Our ancient ancestors who thought about the danger likely
perished. Those who screamed like a baby and ran (or reactively climbed a tree), were the ones
most likely to survive.
There is another story here related to the scarcity of resources in the brain. It turns out dierent
parts of the brain consume energy at dierent levels. The brain is designed, in part, to avoid using the
energy-hogging functions. The most expensive part of the brain is the prefrontal cortex where we
do all of our thinking, wondering, worrying, data crunching and daydreaming.
13
14
Notes
ACTION ITEMS:
KEY TAKEAWAYS:
22
15
WHAT DRIVES
OUR BEHAVIOR?
SURVIVAL
SAFE
HAVEN
SAFETY
WHATS NEXT?
16
CONNECTION
HOW AM I DOING?
WHATS NEXT?
HOW AM I DOING?
KEY TAKEAWAYS:
17
AN INTRODUCTION TO
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP
n. The strategic reliance on a positive bias to steer cultures toward conditions
that support employee well-being, improve business outcomes like productivity
and protability, and align organizations with the science behind maximizing
employee engagement.
18
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP
LEADER
FOLLOWER
what they do
what they
feel
what they
experience
what they
say
19
DISCRETIONARY EFFORT
IN EMPLOYEES
Every employee comes to work every day with discretionary eort a level of eort that they only
volunteer. If you saw someone doing it you might say that person was exceeding expectations or
going above and beyond. It is a level of eort above what they are required to give in order to get by
during the day. Almost all employees know what the threshold is for a minimum level of eort so
management wont pull them aside and say, You seem to be slacking today.
Positive leaders encourage the release of discretionary eort. When employees dont have to regularly
defend themselves or worry about the next negative comment or action from their manager, they have
more capacity to do the right thing. Negative, toxic workplace conditions hijack a tremendous amount
of mental bandwidth, robbing employees of both their desire and ability to do their best - to thrive.
Maintaining accountability is essential to positive leaders, yet they nd ways to improve accountability
without being negative. Negative feedback often feels like it is unfair and lacks context (What about
all the good things I got done?) And when employees feel they have been treated unfairly or when
recognition around good deeds is rarely heard, discretionary eort slows to a trickle.
Finally, discretionary eort is maximized when managers and other leaders appeal to the intrinsic
motivators of their employees. Intrinsic motivations, those related to values, aspirations, and self-worth,
are typically far more eective than the traditional nancial rewards and pay-for-performance schemes.
Employees can be motivated by nancial rewards, but that is a one-dimensional response to increasing
levels of eort, and the research shows the collateral damage can be signicant to both business
outcomes and cultural integrity.
Notes
20
IMPACT AT
WORK & HOME
Positive Leadership has a signicant impact on the workplace environment. Employees who work under
managers who practice positive leadership work harder, perform better, make higher-quality decisions,
and are more creative, exible, and adaptive. Best of all, employees in a positive environment engage in
more helping behaviors and citizenship activities (e.g., helping others, being generally supportive).
Employees in psychologically safe and positive work environments enjoy better health with fewer
stress-induced illnesses.
Chronic stress in the workplace has a direct impact on home life, as well. When employees carry their
stress from work into their personal lives they magnify the toxicity since they inadvertently introduce
negativity at home.
21
IMPACT IN ORGANIZATIONS
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP
There are several ways that researchers assess the degree of positivity in an organization. One early
metric in this new eld of study is to measure the number of positive statements made throughout the
day and compare that to the number of negative statements. Researchers literally sit and listen and
categorize the conversations they hear in the organization. The results are remarkable.
The single most important factor in predicting organization
performance which was more than twice as powerful as any
other factor is the ratio of positive statements to negative statements.
Other factors that represent positivity can also be assessed within the organization. Some researchers
have categorized a bucket of behaviors they label virtuousness.
Investigations of 16 dierent industries (manufacturing, retail,
nancial services, healthcare, education, government, not-for-prot), revealed
a signicant and positive relationship between the implementation
of virtuousness (e. g., forgiveness, compassion, optimism, trustworthiness)
and improvements in protability, productivity, quality, innovation,
customer satisfaction and employee retention.
22
Every client we have measured year over year has shown improvement in their employee engagement
scores. In fact, beginning in their third year our clients can identify a positive trend line based on their
growing employee engagement scores. This positive trend, driven by a pro-engagement commitment of
organizational leaders, delivers benecial impacts to the company.
There is another way to increase the ratio of positive to negative statements in an organization reduce
the negatives! This is a two-track process, and progress needs to be made on both fronts simultaneously:
increase the positive feedback and recognition employees receive while at the same time reducing the
negative inuencers across the enterprise.
23
IMPACT IN TEAMS
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP
The highest performing teams (based on unit protability, customer satisfaction, and 360-degree
evaluations) demonstrated stronger connections among team members and more positive conversations
and interactions.
The highest performing teams were characterized by a 5:1 positive
communication-to-negative communication ratio, and a measure of connectivity
that is, the amount of engagement, information exchange, and involvement
by team members was almost twice as high as the lowest performing teams.
24
IMPACT AS A LEADER
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP
Managers who adopt positive leadership practices help perpetuate positive change in their organization.
Forming positive, high-quality connections between team members helps to build resilience and
personal commitment, and helps mitigate potential set-backs or misunderstandings. By implementing
positive communication practices and a more open relational style, leaders strengthen neurological
connections between safety, recognition, validation, and the workplace. When leaders are perceived as
more sincere, authentic and positive in their daily behaviors, employees respond.
25
THE PROFILE
OF A POSITIVE LEADER
A POSITIVE LEADER THINKS:
How to motivate
About priorities
Transformatively
With condence in team
About the why
26
16
27
REFERENCES
Achor, S. (2010). The Happiness Advantage: The Seven Principles of Positive Psychology that Fuel Success
and Performance at Work. New York: Broadway Books.
Cameron, K. (2003). Positive Organizational Scholarship Foundations of a New Discipline. San Francisco,
CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Cameron, K. (2013). Practicing Positive Leadership Tools and Techniques that Create Extraordinary Results.
San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Cascio, Wayne, and Boudreau, John (2008). Investing in People: Financial Impact of Human Resource
Initiatives. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: FT Press and the Society For Human Resource Management
(SHRM), page 127.
Colan, Lee J., PhD (2009). Engaging the Hearts and Minds of All Your Employees: How to Ignite Passionate
Performance for Better Business Results. McGraw-Hill, page 2.
Cooperrider, D., & Whitney, D. (2008). Appreciative Inquiry Handbook for Leaders of Change (2nd ed.).
Brunswick, OH: Crown Custom Pub.
Dutton, J. (2007). Exploring Positive Relationships at Work: Building a Theoretical and Research Foundation.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Friedman, G. (2009). The Next 100 Years: A Forecast for the 21st Century, Doubleday, p.9
Gebauer, Julie and Lowman, Don (2008) Closing the Engagement Gap: How Great
Companies Unlock Employee Potential for Superior Results. Penguin Group, page 8.
Macy, William H., et.al. (2009) Employee Engagement: Tools for Analysis, Practice, and Competitive
Advantage. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 5-7.
Millennials surpass Gen Xers as the largest generation in U.S. labor force. (2015, May 11). Retrieved
February 18, 2016, from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/05/11/millennials-surpassgen-xers-as-the-largest-generation-in-u-s-labor-force/
Quick, J. (2014). Harvard Med School instructor, WP Oct. 21, 201.4
28
Notes
ACTION ITEMS:
KEY TAKEAWAYS:
29
I am predictable.
I extend my hand, I mentor, I smile.
I look for strengths before targeting problems.
I am available and I lead with curiosity.
I am encouraging.
I am inclusive.
I express gratitude.
I advocate and follow through.
I make common sense common practice.
30
8 AM
9 AM
Mentally run through your day
before meetings begin. Identify
one person in each meeting
with whom you want to connect
at a relational level.
Time: 5 minutes
1 PM
Take 20 minutes after lunch
to physically walk to dierent
members of your team to
check in, connect, and see
if there is a way you can support
them today.
Time: 20 minutes
5 PM
Before you head home for the
day, spend 5 minutes reecting
on your eorts and impact as a
leader today. What were your
wins and your lessons learned?
Make these notes in your
Leadership Journal.
Time: 5 minutes
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP
Always = 5
Frequently = 4
Sometimes = 3
Seldom = 2
Never = 1
S E LF-ASSESSME NT
32
Always = 5
Frequently = 4
Sometimes = 3
Seldom = 2
Never = 1
Totals:
Score Guidance
22-44= considerable room for growth and improvement
45-64 = solid foundation, room for growth, keep progressing
65-84 = well above average, role model for others
85-110 = mentor, advanced relational skills
Grand Total:
Adapted from Cameron, 2012
33
Notes
KEY TAKEAWAYS:
ACTION ITEMS:
Week:
Manager Actions
Done
Inuence
CARE
Who can I connect with at a personal level?
RECOGNIZE
What opportunities do I have to provide
recognition?
ACTIVE LISTENING
Take time to provide intentional listening in
meetings.
MINDSET
CONSULT
What change ideas can I discuss and seek input
from the team?
CELEBRATE
Find one thing or accomplishment this week to
celebrate.
CONNECT
What small thing can I do this week to build work
relationships?
FEEDBACK
Seek one-on-one time with my direct reports to
provide situational feedback.
FOCUS
VISION
Tell a story this week that connects an employee
action or decision to the values of the company.
DEVELOP
Who can I work with to create a development
opportunity this week?
RESOURCES
Seek feedback from sta on adequacy of
CO PY R I G H T 2 0 1 5-2 0 1 6 , E 3 S O LU T I O N S
resources to perform their job well.
SELF-REFLECTION: What worked well? Where can I improve?
www.e3solutions.com
CAPABILITY
Where is your
organization headed?
Companies with high levels
of engaged employees are
more productive, protable
and have higher levels of
customer loyalty.
HOW
ENGAGED
ARE YOUR
EMPLOYEES?
GREAT LEADERS
Engaged employees
embrace the organizations
mission and vision, model
the core values and
nd meaning and purpose
in what they do.
Do your employees love
coming to work? Dont you
wish more of them did?
HIGH-PERFORMANCE
CULTURES DELIVER MORE:
Productivity
ENVISION
Protability
Engaged Sta
EMPOWER
senior leaders, managers and employees with
the know-how and tools needed to buy-in to the
company values, create strong team dynamics
and develop high-performance cultures.
ENGAGE
Loyal Customers
AND LESS:
Turnover
Sick Leave
Drama
Negativity
Errors/Accidents