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INTRODUCTION
Ferrous metals are metals that consist mostly of iron and small amounts
of other elements. Ferrous metals are prone to rusting if exposed to
moisture. Ferrous metals can also be picked up by a magnet. The rusting
and magnetic properties in ferrous metals are both down due to the iron.
Typical ferrous metals include mild steel, cast iron and steel.
Examples:
1. Mild Steel.
2. Cast Iron.
3. High Carbon Steel.
4. High Speed Steel.
5. Stainless Steel.
Iron
most widely used of all metals as base metal in steel and cast iron
Pig iron
Extraction of Iron
The liquid waste is known as slag that floats on the molten iron
The iron is then further refined using the basic oxygen furnace and the
electric arc furnace to produce steel which is widely used now.
Ore, coke, and limestone are charged in layers into the top of a blast
furnace
Ore is the source of the iron , Coke is the source of the carbon (coke is
derived from coal, by heating in a coking oven)
Limestone acts as a fluxing slag to remove impurities like sulphur and silica
1100-deg. air blown into bottom of furnace, burns oxygen off the iron oxides,
causing temperature in furnace to get above the melting point of iron (approx
3000 degrees)
Molten iron sinks to bottom of furnace, where it is tapped off from furnace
and cast into large ingots called pigspigs contain high carbon content
(4% or so), plus many impurities, such as sulphur and silica which wasnt
removed by the limestone.
Metal Type.
Mild Steel.
o A ductile and malleable metal. Mild steel will rust quickly if it is
in frequent contact with water.
o Metal Uses. Used as Nuts and bolts, Building girders, car
bodies, gates, etc.
o Melting Point. 1600C
Cast Iron.
o
White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due
to its carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through.
Grey cast iron is named after its grey fractured surface, which occurs
because the graphitic flakes deflect a passing crack and initiate
countless new cracks as the material breaks.
Metal Uses. Used for drill bits and lathe cutting tools. It is
used where high speeds and high temperatures are created.
Stainless Steel.
o
Main types:
Ferritic stainless steels:
Have a chromium content of about 16 to 18% and a low carbon content 0.12
maximum.
Non-hardenable steels
Have good corrosion resistance at high temperature but lose strength under
these condition.
Austentitic nickel-chromium:
Martensitic chromium:
8. Magnesium.
9. Metal Type.
Aluminium.
o It tends to be light in colour although it can be polished to a
mirror like appearance. It is very light in weight.
o Metal Uses. Used for saucepans, cooking foil, window frames,
ladders, expensive bicycles.
o Melting Point. 660C
Copper.
Zinc.
o
Tin.
o
Lead.
o
Metal Uses. Used for roof flashing. Also used for batteries and
for X-ray protection. Lead is used for its weight in many ways.
Silver.
o
Metal Uses. Used for jewelry and high quality cutlery. Also
used for currency coins and sports trophies. Used in mirrors as
a reflective metal.
Gold.
o
Magnesium.
o