Los Angeles - The Lively City

THE LIVELY CITY : LOS ANGELES
Studying Pedestrian Life in the Worlds most Auto-Centric Metropolis
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Ted Tanner and Lorraine Aguillar of AEG Los
Angeles for hosting us at the Staples Center and giving
us a great tour and great information about your
facilities.
The Lively City Studio

Metropolitan Design Elements 713
Professors: Oliver Schulze, John Hoal, Courtney Cushard[TA]
Washington University in St Louis
Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts
Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
18
LOS ANGELES: URBAN PROFILE
34
AEG & LASED: PROFILE & MORPHOLOGY
56
SOUTHPARK & LASED: DISTRICT ANALYSIS
70
The Class
Participants
What is Liveliness
The Endemic Problem
Public Life | Public Space Methodology
Liveliness and Other Urban Systems
Lively City Timeline
Methodology
Study Area
General History
Political Structure
Demographics
Climate
Hydrology
Current Planning Documents
Sustainability Initiatives
Global Presence of AEG

Company Information
Site Comparison
Evolution
History of South Park Morphology

Blocks: Historic Structure
Block Orientation
Parcels
Zoning
Streets
Specific Street Analysis
Parking Systems
Downtown District: Projects
Buildings
Landscape
Street Character
Sports & Entertainment District
Significant Findings
SOUTHPARK & LASED: PUBLIC LIFE SURVEY

Pedestrian Counts
Stationary Activity Survey
Age & Gender Survey
Entrance Threshold Counts
Detective Diagrams
Pedestrian Interviews
Significant Findings
District Projects
4
20
22
24
25
26
28
30
32
36
38
40
42
46
48
50
54
58
60
62
68
74
80
82
84
85
86
98
122
124
126
138
140
142
144
146
150
166
174
178
200
208
220
222
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
THE CLASS
Course Structure and Objectives
MUD 713 explored processes and ideas of evidence-based design
and the Public Life | Public Space Methodology in the context Los
Angeles. Using this great city as a test-bed, students investigated
synergies between urban life and urban form and how these are
relevant to our culture today.
Using downtown Los Angeles as the context, the studio explored
the challenge of integrating large public destinations with complex
operational requirements into urban environments while making
diverse and stimulating urban spaces that are accessible to visitors
and nearby residents. In downtown LA, the South Park neighborhood is directly adjacent to the LA Live Sports and Entertainment
District (LASED or LA Live) which hosts over 250 events each year.
Students began with a trip to LA to perform a Public Space and
Public Life Survey of South Park and LA Live, of which this book is
the result. The book serves to document and organize the wealth of
information gathered about the site through historical research,
on-site surveys, and on-site photo documentation. Students use the
book to inform their comprehensive district and detail design
solutions for the South Park and LA Live neighborhood.
Taking the premise that urban liveliness is requisite to urban
sustainability; students used the Public Life and Public Space Survey
to gathered empirical evidence to inform their urban design
solutions for the sustainable future of South Park and LA Live while
addressing a condition that will continue to be a challenge in cities
around the world as entertainment and large scale events become
more ubiquitous.
The complete studio was comprised of the following components:
Public Life Survey/Studio Trip
Students got a brief introduction to the Public Life Survey process
and methodology. Then during a 5 day trip to Los Angeles, students
completed 2 days of Public Life Surveys which taught them new
ways of observing public urban life. Students collected data on
pedestrian activities, stationary activities in plazas and parks,
building entrances, transit stations, and special events. Back in St.
Louis, students completed an extensive District Analysis of the
study area to gain a better understanding of scale, morphology,
landscape, typology, transportation, history, environment, and true
physical conditions that create South Park/LA Live.
Deliverable: This Book (collectively completed by the students)
2050 Vision
Based on the design process outlined by FutureCityLab, students
created renderings of their vision of South Park as it would be in
2050. Ideas about sustainability, urban systems, livability, entertainment, and urban quality permeated the renderings and they
evolved as their projects developed throughout the semester.
District Strategy Plan & Detail Design Plan
Students developed their ideas, visions, and survey data into clear
projects at the district and detail level. Their solutions were
informed by their experiences in LA, their research on liveliness and
urban systems, and their vision for a Sustainable and lively South
Park and LA Live.
THE STUDENTS
Methodology
Professor
John Hoal
Professor
Oliver Schulze
TA
Courtney Cushard
Student tutorial and introducion

to conducting a Publc Life Survey
Trip To Los
Angeles
Public Life Survey
Ke
Leila
Liang
Ang
Amanda
Qianqian
Shruti
Swapna
Yue
Linda
Mohammed
Hao
Hui
Students travel to LA and conduct

surveys in the Downtown, South
Park, and LA Live Districts
2050 Vision
Data Analysis
Students compile findings into an
analysis document, and develop
2050 visionof South Park and LA
Live
Trip to
Copenhagen
Moon
District Strategy Plan

& Detail Design Plan
Students develop final studio
project at the district and detail
scale
You
Ian
WHAT IS LIVELINESS?
Understanding the Importance of Liveliness

Liveliness is a quality of urban space, characterized by movement,
activity and the presence of people. Lively spaces are safe, comfortable and enjoyable for people to inhabit. When these characteristics are manifested in urban spaces, it creates a diverse public realm
that can be occupied by varied social and economic groups.
A lively city provides us with opportunities to engage with other
people, known and unknown to us, on many levels. If the city can
maintain this positive attribute over time, it can be described as
socially sustainable. The lively city is therefore an answer to an
endemic problem associated with the postindustrial city in general:
the increasing dispersal of people and public life.
This design studio carries out research and design activities that are
rooted in the belief that people have an innate desire to find access
to stimulating and lively urban environments as part of their daily
life. Access to this urban life is seen as a key performance attribute
of the sustainable city, and good city design can positively affect
urban life.
THE ENDEMIC PROBLEM
Search for Urban Quality & Liveliness

"In a Society becoming steadily more privatized with private homes,
cars, computers, offices and shopping centers, the public component of
our lives is disappearing. It is more and more important to make the
cities inviting, so we can meet our fellow citizens face to face and experience directly through our senses. Public life in good quality public
spaces is an important part of a democratic life and a full life. "
- Jan Gehl
It is true that we shape our cities, and they in turn shape our lives.
Increasingly, the ways in which we shape and inhabit our cities are
being driven by agendas of growth which desensitize or restrict the
public realm from everyday life.
The sphere of social space is relocating itself, largely into virtual or
private spaces, depriving us of the everyday human interactions
that traditionally fueled public life. Liveliness as an attribute of
urbanity is replaced by a capitalistic and consumerist mindset. On
the one hand, there is the increasing role of the private sector in the
consumption of space, leading to greater maintenance, orchestration and control over urban space. On the other hand is the preoccupation with safety, security and suspicion in today's urban condition, that motivates people to occupy more and more controlled
environments which do not expose them to any unplanned
encounters. This, then, becomes a cycle. The fewer people or
activities there are in a space, the more it will be avoided, thus killing
all the life in the space.
The reverse is also true; if a space is active, it will be occupied by
even more people, and used more frequently, and thereby liveliness
multiplies. In the words of William Whyte, "What attracts people
most, it would appear, is other people. There is therefore an
inherent desire amongst us to lead a social life, and the design of our
urban spaces today needs to provide for this in an inclusive manner.
7
Bike event at Staples Center
Bike event downtown LA
Pico Station
Night event downtown LA
Downtown LA
Evo Lofts South Park
Food trucks LA
Grand Hope Park looking toward downtown
South Park
Evo Lofts South Park
The City of Los Angeles: Downtown Los Angeles/Central City

The City of Los Angeles is 469 Square Miles
Population: 3,792,621 (2nd largest city in

the US)
Downtown LA
Density: 8,092 people per square mile
44 Miles Long, 29 Miles across
LA is both flat and hilly, with the highest point at

5,074 ft at Mount Lukens.
The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are the

fifth busiest in the world.
In 2008, LA was the second most

polluted city in the country, but by 2010, met its
goal for providing 20% of city power from
renewable resources.
STUDY AREA
South Park & LASED in Context

Los Angeles
As the second largest metropolis in the US, Los Angeles is an important urban center with unique challenges. Downtown is the historic
core of the city, but has had various characters and reputations over
the course of its development. Previously the center of night-life,
cinema, art, and life in the 1920s and 30s, it declined through the 80s
with the dominance of the car and parking lot typology. With a mix
of uses but a lack of occupancy, it struggled with revitalization, but
was pushed forward with the development of LA Live in the late 90s.
A mixed use downtown with a financial center, arts district, industrial area, residential development opportunities, and a world class
sports and entertainment district became a great selling point for
Downtown LA and brought renewed interest and investment to the
area. South Park is beginning to form its identity as the residential
neighborhood in downtown LA and is directly adjacent to LA Live,
the home of four professional sports teams and numerous popular
entertainment venues. South Park is still facing challenges as it
develops while LA Live is a clearly established destination drawing a
large crowd over 250 days each year. The studio explored the
relationship between these two districts and saught an urban
design strategy that will capitalze on the assets of each to push
downtown LA toward a lively and sustainable future.
Downtown Los Angeles: South Park and LASED

South Park
Downtown LA is 5.3 square miles with a population of
10
-1
te
ta
s
er
nt
45,500
LASED
PUBLIC LIFE | PUBLIC SPACE METHODOLOGY
LA River is a concrete channel that flows

51 miles from the San Fernando Valley, through
central city, and south to the Port of Long Beach.
Ralphs is the first supermarket in
Downtown LA in 57 years.
Int
ers
tat
e -1
0
first LIFE
Between 2006 and 2008, with the adaptive-reuse ordinance in full

swing, the downtown population increased by 37%.
Staples Center opened in 1999 and has contributed immensely to the
250 events and nearly

4,000,000 visitors per year to the
neighborhood.
revitalization plans, adding
then SPACE
Downtown had its hey-day in the 1920s and 30s, with a

large population,office and entertainment development, and accessible
transit.
Downtown declined as LA subrbanized.
South Park is home to the first 2 condo buildings in California to

recieve a LEED Gold rating.
finally BUILDINGS
9
GLOBAL PRESENCE OF AEG

Projects all over the world
AEG is one of the leading sports and entertainment presenters in

the world. AEG, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Anschutz
Company, owns or controls a collection of companies. It has
successfully run 85 projects involving in four major building types in
terms of arenas, stadiums, convention centers and theaters/clubs in
53 cities around the world. They own and operate LA Live, and this
profile is meant to show the reach of AEG, their influence in LA Live,
and the difference between LA Live and AEGs other facilities.
Anschutz
Company
Cities with AEG projects
AEG
Creative
AEG
A advertising
agency
SIZE COMPARISON
AEG
Merchandising
Affiliates
AEG Global
Partnerships
AEG Worldwide Comparison Study

The growing phenomenon of entertainment districts emerges from
the desire to integrate multiple recreational programs under the
same umbrella of ownership. In many ways, the construction of
modern arenas, convention centers, sporting venues, and the like,
are a function of venue owners providing a diversity of options
available for consumption. As a large enterprise, AEG has
undertaken the construction and establishment of many such event
spaces. Size and scale of the buildings that form the campus, as well
as their proximity to urban infrastructure and the encouragement or
eradication of an existing grid. It is through studying other global
venues of this magnitude, one comes to understand how the fabric
of these large-scale urban interventions interface with existing
metropolitan conditions. Through understanding other global
locations, it seems that the venue acts within the existing urban
fabric in one of three ways:
Sports
Franchises
Facilities
Basketball
Franchises
Arenas
Hockey
Franchises
Convention
Centres
Other
Teams
Theatres
Stadiums
x7
American Airlines Arena: Miami, Florida
x4
SunCorp Stadium: Brisbane, Australia
x4
As a Superblock Creator
As a Green-Space/Natural Resource Activator
As an Urban Renewal Catalyst
While L.A. Live has created its own campus, while somewhat
interrupting the existing urban fabric by creating superblocks, the
campus provides more of a total environment (containing not only
venues for events, but destinations like restaurants, clubs, and other
amenities). In many ways, this approach has more potential for
liveliness than the models which follow, because it distills for its
visitors the intimidating scale of the city into a more approachable
microcosm.
L.A. Live
Los Angeles, California

Location: South Park
Venue Area: 4 million sq ft
Completed in 2010
10
Kuala Lampur Convention Center: Malaysia
x4
Ahoy Rotterdam The Netherlands
304 events in total
LIVELINESS
TITLE
LA LIVE EVENTS
100
100
Secondary Title
Number of Events
80
80
in 2011, LA Live hosted 304 events.
60
60
There are ten types of entertainment events in LA live, as charities,

concerts, sports, award shows, arts, comedies, and conventions.
Most events occur in spring and early summer. LA Live has brought
many new events to the Los Angeles area from around the country
and has also relocated many of the movie premier events from other
locations in the LA Area to LA Live.
STAPLES CENTER
NOKIA THEATER
NOKIA CLUB
THE GRAMMY MUSEUM
40
40
CONGA ROOM
REGAL CINEMA
20
0
Small Concerts
World Touring
Concerts Special Events Grammy
20
Some LA Live events are as:
10
11
Awards LA Lakers Games Fan Fair Events

LA Kings Games LA Clippers Games
12
Month
Movie Premiers
X Games Outdoor Art Fairs
World Touring Circus Grammy Lectures and

Presentations
Superblock Creator
Large arenas and convention

centers interface with urban fabric
by
creating
superblocks
to
accommodate the required square
footage, as well as surrounding
blocks to accommodate parking
and other related programs. This
intervention
provides
new
challenges to street and pedestrian
traffic, both in reducing the surface
area of roads while increasing
pedestrian density at certain peak
hours.
Green-Space/Natural Resource
Activator
Event venues are often utilized to

reinvigorate a natural landscape or
body of water in an urban
environment. Often times, though
not always, these instances occur
outside of the downtown area of
the city. Large parks receive more
pedestrian activity on event days
when the venue is situated inside.
The preservation of nature while
servicing the venue with parking
and other amenities is a challenge
to this model.
Urban Renewal Catalyst
When a city is looking to attract

more people and compete with
other regions, new arenas are often
viewed as the solution. In this sense,
these venues function as a catalyst
for urban renewal within the city,
which can take place equally
downtown as on the outskirts. In
many new cities, the planning of a
large convention center functions
as a point of departure from which
other city districts are later
envisioned. This model presents
challenges in that it often takes
time to realize the projected
liveliness and density. Often times
funds are insufficient to complete
the whole scope of the project, and
the surrounding areas of the venue
detract, rather than enhance, the
user experience.11
SOURCE: LALIVE.COM.2011 EVENTS CALENDAR
DISTRICT ANALYSIS
Summary of Significant Findings

The district analysis revealed a number characteristics that define
the public realm in the South Park district and LASED. These
findings are critical for determinging any future design initiatives for
this area.
Zones and Scale
drastic differences in
scale of buildings and blocks between
South Park and LA Live. In the LASED area, located in
The district analysis revealed
the South-West, the blocks, buildings, and street capacity is all at a

larger scale than elsewhere in the district, which reflects the
special/entertainment uses of these areas. Other areas within the
district contain more amentities for pedestrians due to their smaller
scale.
Underutilized Transit Infrastructure
Despite a number of stops and routes in the area, only
Large Footprint
Medium Footprint
Small Footprint
10%
of people take public transit in the LA Live area.
Metro Stations
Bus stops
Poor Park, Landscape, and Open Space Amenities

Several key urban amenities are lacking in the South Park district.
Public open space and parks represent

only 2% of the district footprint, a small percentage.
The district contains an unsutiable and poorly distributed tree
canopy, street trees, or landscape identity. Less than 1/2%
Blue Line
Total Ground Floor Area:

~11,521,900 sf
Purple + Red Line

Local Route
Comfort Walkable Range (5 Minutes)
Rapid + Local Route

Silver Liner
Bike Lane
Planned Bike Lane
of the district is permeable surface. More

than 73% of the district is asphalt.
Surface Parking is a Dominant Land Use

Parking dominates the district but is most often underutilized.
79% of streets have street parking, and

26% of the district area is dedicated to
parking.
Total Parking Area:

12
~7,258,900
sf
Total Park Area:

~550,000 sf
DISTRICT ANALYSIS
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Poor Street Frontage

The streets in the Southpark District contain a large number of large
building setbacks, fences and blank

walls, and parking lots fronting the
street, which cause a negative pedestrian
experiences. There are concentrations of commercial uses
in certain areas, such as the Jewelry District to the northeast, which
contain a large proportion of transparent storefronts, ground floor
entrances, and small setbacks, which create a positive pedestrian
experience.
Bring Back Broadway
Park 101
Downtown LA Streetcar Project
Strong Mix of Uses

To its benefit, the Southpark district contains a wide variety of
commerical uses with a variety of scales

and price ranges. The financial district is home to a
variety of office buildings, the wholesale area serves the fashion

industry and fashion school. The jewelry and arts district is popular,
and of course LA Live draws large crowds for major entertainment
Parking Structures
events. The district is lacking a residential density

and doesnt have numerous neighborhood amenities.
Industrial Use
Public Spaces
Entertainment Buildings
Single Family Residential
Multi-Family Residential
Hotels
Visionary Redevelopment Projects
Commerce/ Retails
South Park and Downtown LA have a variety of new and
Mixed-use [Retail +Office]

Mixed-use [Retail +Residential]
Institutional Buildings
Office Buildings
innovative building and infrastructure

projects in development incliding the Downtown LA Streetcar,
Bring Back Broadway, Park 101, The Grand Avenue Project, and
various residential developments.
0%
9%
6%
27%
5%
11%
7%
8%
4%
4%
19%
Ground Floor Uses

13
PUBLIC LIFE SURVEY

The public life survey revealed a number characteristics that define
findings are critical for determining any future design initiatives for
this area.
Dominant Activities (all locations)
Dominant Activities (per location)
Dominant
Activities (all locations)
Dominant Activities
(all locations)
Dominant
Activities (per location)
Dominant Activities
(per location)
90%
Staples Center Forecourt
60% 60%
JW Marriott
Gilbert Lindsay Plaza
36%
JW Marriott Lobby
Impact of Game Day/Special Events

The public life survey confirmed the dramatic impact of special
events on numbers of pedestrians present on the streets. For the
streets surrounding LA Live numbers of pedestrians traveling
between entrances to the complex and parking facilities increases
The streets
surrounding
the
complex
had
dramatically higher levels of pedestrians
during game days, while on average the streets in South
dramatically
from
typical
levels.
39%
Nokia Plaza
30%
42%
30%
93%
Pico Station
Standing and sitting are the overall

Staples Center
predominant
activities
with
people
Standing
sitting
are the overall
predominant activities,
Standing and sitting
are the and
overall
predominant
activities,
people
standing
with people
2x
more
than
sitting.2x more than sitting.
standing
2xstanding
morewith
than
sitting
Park closest to Downtown to the north were nearly twice as active as

the streets surrounding LA Live, when lulls between games are
included in calculations.
20
40
60
80
100
Standing
is predominant
at the
locations
Standing is predominant
at the
locations directly
next
tot he directly next tot he
Staples
and sitting
predominant
near retail .
Staples Center and sitting
is Center
predominant
nearisretail
.
Comparison: Busiest Street per Zone
East-West Movement
While the majority of blocks have primary entrances on the long
there is
more pedestrian movement east and
west along the short sides which lack entrances, known as the B
side running north and south, Known as the A sides,
Figueroa between
Olympic & 9th
sides. This could suggest a few things, for example: that long block
deter pedestrian movement, or that there are more destinations to
the east and west of the district than there are north and south.
Flower Street between

Olympic & 9th
Olympic between Figueroa & Flower
Stationary Activities
drammatic nead for

adequate places for sitting, especially in
the areas surrounding LA Live. Overall,
The survey illustrated a
Streets North of
L.A. Live:
standing composes 60% of the stationary activities, but outside LA

Live, standing composes 90% or more of activities, especially during
game times. The lack of resting areas within the plazas make them
transient places that limit the amount of

liveliness and interaction that can happen there. JW Marriott
Lobby has the widest diveristy of acitivty. The Staples
Center Forecourt has the most activity and
is the most occupied. Pico Station has the least
activity of all spaces surveyed.
Streets East of
L.A. Live:
10%
22%
68%
Streets Bordering L.A. Live:
Percentage Daily Pedestrian

Traffic by Surveyed Areas
Total Number of Pedestrians Moving in the East-West Direction
29,538
14
Total Number of Pedestrians Moving in the North-South Direction
21,426
4.5%
PUBLIC LIFE SURVEY
4.5%
N/A
Car
Gender Differential
The survey found that throughout the district there was a
Bike
Foot
greater percentage of Males in all public spaces.
Bus
This differential was increased during game times and special

events at LA Live.
Metro
91.0%
Prevalence of Automobile
Through surveys students determined that a high percentage,
50
How did you get here?
over 90% of people in the district use a

car for all transportation needs, frequently
travelling from destinations across the wider region. The work by
the students in the detective role reveals that a high percentage of
those that do use public transportation must connect to their final
destination via a bus, or often walk over 1,000 feet to arrive at their
destination.
45
40
Entrance usage varies

Because The Staples Center has the greatest capacity and was
hosting a large event, it had the most people passing through the
The
pedestrian
movement
generated by this event did not have a
great impact on other commercial and
residential uses surrounding LA Live, so we
understand that the events of LA Live do not
bring foot traffic to other buildings, they
entrance.
35
30
4 5 1 2
Metro Center Flower & 7th St. Entrance
25
ar i
al
r o
ra
lo
1 9 6 2
1 2 72
e al Ci ema
ai
o e
72 6
arrio
6 1 4 4
o ia la a
S a le Ce er
1 0 3 8 0
ra
4 74
li e S
o e ar
ramm
ai
e m
r
r
3 75 6
5 74 2
5 5 2
8 3 3 4
1 9 6 8 6
e o
ai
70 8
4 0 0 2
2 3 4
e a er
6 9 6
1 1 2 2
15
r o
i eroa o el
r
arrio
l m ic
ar
ar i
i eroa ar i
20
3 6 0
S ar
10
ai
Co ee
11%
25%
64%
5
Entry Utilization Within the Site
5 pm
0-6
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
i e
Ca eri
o ei e
Small Commercial
15
al
only contribute to activity on the streets and to buildings contained

within LASED.
DESIGN PROJECTS
Selected Student Final Projects
Following the District Analysis and Pubilc Life Survey, students completed final vision, district, and detail design projects. These are six samples of their work:
L.A. Live
[nei
=
=
30,000 visitors daily (average)
REET FOR SOUTH PARK
south park
29,538 pedestrians trav

on game day, of s
DISTRICT STRATEGY
=
=
>
neighborhood
elements
OU LI
ghboring nuclei]
4,797 population;
nearly 1/6 of L.A. Lives average daily visitors
5,304 people/square mile
7,877 people/s
density o
Linda Levin
eets
21,426 pedestrians travelled on E-W streets

on game day, of streets surveyed
Lighting From
Indoor Spaces
Lighting For
Pedestrain
Lighting For
Bus Stop
Lighting For Automobiles
vision: to connect
unique civic, cultural,
and historical amenities in a pedestrian
friendly way that encourages people to
live, work, and visit
south park.
2012
residential clusters
streetcar route
shared streets
bike infrastructure
downtown l.a.
of the 45,518 re
57% of the reside
Lighting From
Indoor Spaces
Lighting For
Bike Lane
Lighting For
Pedestrain
Basic lighting requirement
Lighting For the

Public Spaces
Entertainment lighting
v
density of Chicago
2050

density of N.Y.C.
of the 50
only 24% of
l+Residential)
Threshold
Important Threshold
eet
Garage
Pedestrian
Path to the
garage
Mix-use Building(Residential + Retail)
Transparent
Street Facade
Automobile lanes
Bus
Stop
Bike Bike
Transparent
ParLane king Street Facade
Pedestrian
Path to the
garage
Garage
Alley( Car path

to the garage)
ntown,
owntown
who work in DTLA,

ually live downtown
Times Square West

Building from the capacity of people that LA Live generates,
Kes idea is to create a district with a great density of
entertainment and exciting activities that spill out from
buildings to create an exciting district that rivals Times
Square. Her district strategies involves innovative building
facades, transparent street fronts, additional outdoor public
spaces, a multifunctional central plaza, and a great avenue to
link them all.
M
Alley( Car path

to the garage)
Safety and Light

Drawing on her experiences during the survey, You developed a strategy to create a district that was lively and inhabited 24 hours a day. Her strategy includes adding lighting
facilities to improve safety of the public space, adding new
buildings to fill vacant land area, adding new public spaces in
order to provide more opportunities for public interaction,
and adding ground floor retail to increase nighttime activites.
= 5,000 people
Her proposal included specific ideas about building form and

adaptive reuse to increase the openness to the street,
lightinging and eyes on the street, ground floor access,
lighting, and activity. Streetscape design is particular to
building use and changes throughout the district according
to the type of street. Public spaces are programmed for day
and night actitives with special lighting features to encourage nighttime activity.
Water and the Public Realm

Understanding the water challenges for a city so heavily
dominated by cars and car infrastructure (roads, highways,
parking lots, etc.) and a downtown neighborhood struggling
with open space, liveliness, and vacancy; Ian took on the
urban systems related to water as a challenge and an asset to
create a lively district around LA Live.
multi-family residential
commercial
office buildings
His strategy involved creating a variety of typologies for

streets, spaces and buildings that use rain water in sustainable but active ways to enliven the pubilc realm with a
system that is usually relegated to underground management systems.
16
surface parking
metro line- underground

metro line- ground level
existing vehicular artery
existing metro station
existing bus stops
entertainment
hotels
parks/plazas
surface parking
comme
office b
institut
parking
industr
7TH @ FIG MALL

METROPOLIS
ighboring nuclei]
M
M
2012
vision: to connect
south park.

streetcar route
bike infrastructure
M
11 TH STREET
OLYMPIC PLACE
12 TH STREET
(n-s) fi
(e-w)
12.5 STREET
PICO STREET
According to studies conducted by the Harved School on their Innovation lab, the best
environments for generating and sustaining an innovative captial are places that have

density of Chicago
shared streets
11 .5 STREET
FIGUEROA STREET
square mile
of L.A.
neighborhood elements
FARMERS FIELD
Linda Levin
velled on N-S streets

streets survyed
L.A CENTRAL
2050

density of N.Y.C.
PICO PLACE
neighborhood locations
FIGUEROA
CORRIDOR
three
distint spatial qualities Axonometric View
a. HYPER COLLABORATIVE SPACES

b. RETREAT SPACES
c. HIDEAWAYs
At the present time, there is no foundation for the creation of these spatial qualities within
the fabric of the city in downtown Los Angeles
AC T IVE E N VIRO N M E N TS T HAT SUP P O R T

E N T R E P R E N E UR A L AC T IVIT Y
n01
(n-s) broadway -main
(e-w) 7th - 4th
FESTIVE SPACES
Visibility , opportunity
M
new PUBLIC SPACE
SHARED street
new PUBLIC SPACE
SHARED street
SHARED street
esidents of downtown,
ents also work downtown
n02
office buildings
12th street
11th street
olympic blvd.
9th street
8th street
7th street
6th street
4th street
HYPER COLLABORATIVE ZONES

Social Engagement
commercial
RETREAT AREAS
structured thought / observation
surface parking
10 minute walk between

neighborhoods
00,000 people who work in DTLA,

f employees actually live downtown
olympic blvd.

existing bus stops
= 5,000 people
shared street
n03
L.A. Live Future Development
pico blvd.
Section b
main street
spring street
s. broadway
hill street
1. To create an anchor through place-making for the innovative and entrepreneural

economy in South Park
2. To create a range of spatial conditions that allow for various interfaces with the public
realm and generates a rich patchwork of urban spaces
3. To project this diverse quality as a compelling image for South Park, co-existing and
contrasting with the big urban economy of leisure and entertainment
olive street
The goals, therefore, in reshaping the downtown space of South Park are :
grand avenue
hope street
flower street
figueroa street
GRADATION IN PUBLIC INTERACTION VS PERSONAL SPACE
GOALS
commercial/retail
office buildings
institutional
parking building
industrial
SPAT IA L Q UA L IT IE S TO F O ST E R
A N IN N OVAT IVE E CO N O M Y
HIDEAWAYS
Reflection
(n-s) olive -main

(e-w) pico - 11th
entertainment
hotels
parks/plazas
surface parking
SHARED street
n04
Unique Corridors
Mohammed created a plan to de-centralize the parking
system to guide pedestrian flows in the district along 3
distinct corridors that offer different experiences and
different set of amenities. Multi-use buidings and open
spaces are created to encourage 24 hour use and the district
is linked by these corridors to make it more friendly for
pedestrians, cyclists, transit, and cars.
grand avenue
hope street
Economic and Innovation Hub

Building on the possibilities for large and small scale developSection c
ment in South Park, Shruti developed a system
for supporting
large and small scale pubilc spaces and buildings that will
offer various spaces for job, housing, commercial and other
kinds of development, particularly focused around entrepeneurial economies.
flower street
main st.
s. broadway
grand ave.
figueroa st.
(n-s) figueroa-grand
(e-w) 15th - pico
figueroa street
ercial/retail
buildings
tional
g building
rial
5th street
7th st.
(n-s) hill -main

(e-w) olympic - 8th
n05
(e-w) olympic - 8th
(n-s) fig
(e-w)
Section a
Various scales of public spaces accomodate different social

interactions that allow for a mix of events to happen in public
rather than in private. The small scale development and
alarge scale developemtn like LA Live are contrasted and
mixed within the district to create a vibrant and textured city.
17
Urban Neighborhoods
Noticing the opportunity to create distinct neighborhoods
with appropriately scale public spaces, Linda focused on
aligning various transpotation types - public transit, bikes,
cars, walking - with various new core neighborhoods. Each
neighborhood capitalizes on its most appropriate transportation system which, along with properly scaled and
programmed buildings, creates 5 distinct places within
downtown LA. Each creates new life on the street, with clever
streetscapes and public spaces that support a vibrant urban
lifestyle.
18
19
INTRODUCTION
THE CLASS
Course Structure and Objectives
MUD 713 is the second of three design studios in Master of Urban
Design program at Washington University in St. Louis. The studio
studies urban conditions in a major North American Metropolis. This
year, the academic focus of the studio is the exploration of peoplefocused design works in the context Los Angeles. Using this great
city as a test-bed, we investigated synergies between urban life and
urban form and how these are relevant to our urban culture today.
The professional practice dimension of this studio critically looks at
how we can make sense of the city through observational studies
and how this process can transform the services carried out by the
professions involved in design of buildings, open spaces and public
infrastructures in cities.
Using downtown Los Angeles as the context, the studio explored
the challenge of integrating large public destinations with complex
operational requirements into urban environments while making
diverse and stimulating urban spaces that are accessible to visitors
and nearby residents. In downtown LA, the South Park neighborhood is directly adjacent to the LA Live Sports and Entertainment
District (LASED or LA Live) which hosts over 250 events each year.
Students investigated synergies between urban life and urban form
with an evidence-based design process beginning with an extensive Public Space and Public Life Survey of South Park and LA Live, of
which this book is the result. The book serves to document and
organize the wealth of information gathered about the site through
historical research, on-site surveys, and on-site photo documentation. Students use the book to inform their comprehensive district
and detail design solutions for the South Park and LA Live neighborhood.
Trip To Los
Angeles
Methodology
Public Life Survey
Student tutorial and introducion

to conducting a Publc Life Survey
Students travel to LA and conduct

surveys in the Downtown, South
Park, and LA Live Districts
Taking the premise that urban liveliness is requisite to urban

sustainability; students used the Public Life and Public Space Survey
to gather evidence about existing urban liveliness and the physical
conditions that support it. This empirical evidence informed their
urban design solutions for the sustainable future of South Park and
LA Live while addressing a condition that will continue to be a
challenge in cities around the world as entertainment and large
scale events become more ubiquitous.
The complete studio was comprised of the following components:
In Class Methodology Development
Students were first briefed on a wide range of methodologies for
understanding the characteristics of Urban Space. In particular, the
students delved deeply into the mehtodology of public space and
public live surveys utilized by Gehl Architects and William H Whyte.
Public Life Survey/Studio Trip
Students got a brief introduction to the Public Life Survey process
and methodology. Then during a 5 day trip to Los Angeles, students
completed 2 days of Public Life Surveys which taught them new
ways of observing public urban life. Students collected data on
pedestrian activities, stationary activities in plazas and parks,
building entrances, transit stations, and special events. This data
served as a factual and informative starting point from which to
shape design proposals for the South Park/LA Live neighborhood.
Back in St. Louis, students completed an extensive District Analysis
of the study area to gain a better understanding of scale, morphology, landscape, typology, transportation, history, environment, and
true physical conditions that create South Park/LA Live.
Deliverable: This Book (collectively completed by the students)
2050 Vision:
20
2050 Vision
District &
Survey Data
Analysis
Students compile findings into an
analysis document, and develop
2050 visionof South Park and LA
Live
Trip to
Copenhagen
District Strategy Plan

&
Detail Design Plan
Students develop final studio

project at the district and detail
scale
To envision and design a lively and sustainable future for South Park
and LA Live, students followed the visioning process outlined by
Future City Lab to create a rendering of the South Park/LA Live
District as it will be in 2050. The 2050 vision, timeline and
infographic frame challenges and ideas for the District and capture
the essence of the public space and public life of 2050.
Deliverables: 24 x 36 rendering of South Park/LA Live in 2050, a
time-line of events that lead to that vision, and an infographic
representing the major ideas behind the vision and design
District Strategic Plan:
Using the 2050 vision and the extensive survey data, students
worked individually to develop a comprehensive District Strategic
Plan addressing the future of public space and individual design
projects that supports and their concept of liveliness and sustain
ability in South Park / LA Live.
Deliverable: Final presentation boards presented the District Plan, 4
Sections, a Phasing Plan, Perspective or Axonometric images of impor
tant areas in the district, and supporting diagrams as necessary.
Detail Design Plan:
Selecting a smaller study area, students then created a Detail Design
Plan that expresses the area-wide design strategies in design
proposals for select key public spaces and the buildings that around
them.
Deliverable: Final presentation boards included an illustrated plan,
streetscape plans, street sections, perspective images, and program
ming plans.
Select Bibliography
Chase, J. M. Crawford, & J. Kaliski.(Eds.). (1999). Everyday urbanism.
Montacelli Press.
Ellin, N. (2006). Integral urbanism. New York: Routledge.
Frank, K. A. & Q. Stevens (Eds.). (2007). Loose space: possibility and
diversity in urban life. New York: Routledge.
Gehl Architects. (2010). Public life survey manual. Copenhagen: Gehl
Architects.
Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
Gehl, J. & L. Gemzoe. (2004). Public spaces, public life. Copenhagen:
Danish Architectural Press.
Hou, J. (Ed.). (2010). Insurgent public space: guerrilla urbanism and
the remaking of contemporary cities. New York: Routledge.
Jacobs, A. (1995). Great streets. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Lynch, K. (1981). The image of the city. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Margolis, L. & A. Robinson (2007). Living systems. Berlin; Basel;
Boston: Birkhauser Vertag AG.
Whyte, W. H. (2001). The social life of small urban spaces (second
edition). NY: Project for Public Spaces.
21
LIVELINESS
TITLE
LIVELINESS
TITLESTUDIO
THE LIVELY CITY
Spring 2012
Secondary
WashingtonTitle
University inSecondary
St.Louis. Title
JOHN HOAL
Associate Professor
Chair MUD, WUSTL.
St.Louis, MO
OLIVER SCHULZE
Instructor
GEHL Architects
Copenhagen , Denmark.
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
Secondary Title
Secondary Title
ANG GAO
MUD
Anhui, China.
COURTNEY CUSHARD
Teaching Assistant
MUD
St. Louis, MO
ANG GAO
A
N
M
X
LIVELINESS TITLE
Nerd TITLE
LIVELINESS
MUD
LIVELINESS TITLE
KE SHI
MUD
China.
LEILA SHAHRAMPOUR
MUD
Tehran, Iran.
LIANG LIANG
MARCH + MUD
Zengzhou, China.
A
N
M
X
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
AMANDA TEXAS
MARCH + MUD
Florida, USA.
YANG QIANQIAN
MUD
Beijing, China.
SHRUTI SHANKAR
MUD
Chennai, India.
A
N
M
X
Secondary Title
Secondary Title
Secondary
Title
XXXX,
China.
Secondary Title
22
Secondary Title
Secondary Title
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
ANG GAO
Nerd
MUD
XXXX, China.
ANG
HUI GAO
GAO
MUD
Shandong,
China.
XXXX,
China.
IAN
ANGASHCRAFT
GAO
WILLIAMS
MUD
MUD
San
Francisco,
XXXX,
China. USA.
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
ANG GAO
Nerd
MUD
XXXX, China.
MOHAMMED AL MAHMOOD
MUD
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
MOON
MARCH + MUD
Korea.
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS
LIVELINESSTITLE
TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
LIVELINESS TITLE
ANG GAO
Nerd
MUD
XXXX, China.
YUE BI
MUD
Wuhan, China.
YOU LI
MUD
Chengdu, China.
Secondary TitleSecondary Title
ANG
HAO GAO
GONG
M.ARCH + MUD
Nerd
MUD
Foshan,
China.
MUD
XXXX,
China.
XXXX, China.
Secondary TitleSecondary Title
ANG
LINDA
GAO
LEVIN
MARCH + MUD
Nerd
Chicago, USA.
MUD
XXXX, China.
Secondary TitleSecondary
SecondaryTitle
Title
ANG
ANG
SWAPNA
GAO
GAOJOSHI
MUD
Nerd
Nerd
Nagpur, India.
MUD
MUD
XXXX,
XXXX,China.
China.
Secondary Title
Secondary Title
Secondary Title
23
Secondary Title
Secondary Title
Secondary Title
WHAT IS LIVELINESS?
Understanding the Importance of Liveliness

Liveliness is a quality of urban space, characterized by movement,
activity and the presence of people. Lively spaces are safe, comfortable and enjoyable for people to inhabit. When these characteristics are manifested in urban spaces, it creates a diverse public realm
that can be occupied by varied social and economic groups.
A lively city provides us with opportunities to engage with other
people, known and unknown to us, on many levels. If the city can
maintain this positive attribute over time, it can be described as
socially sustainable. The lively city is therefore an answer to an
endemic problem associated with the postindustrial city in general:
the increasing dispersal of people and public life.
This design studio carries out research and design activities that are
rooted in the belief that people have an innate desire to find access
to stimulating and lively urban environments as part of their daily
life. Access to this urban life is seen as a key performance attribute of
the sustainable city, and good city design can positively affect urban
life.
Some public spaces are highly programmed as event spaces, others
are designed in specific ways to encourage (or discourage) certain
activities and behaviors, and yet others are flexible enough to allow
for spontaneous, everyday activities to take place.
Temporality is also a critical consideration as the perceived liveliness
in a place will vary over time, peaking at certain points of the day
and experiencing lulls at other times. Nevertheless, an urban space
is considered to be of good quality if it provides opportunities and
potential for occupation at any time of the day, and invites people
to participate in and celebrate urban public life.
24
THE ENDEMIC PROBLEM
Search for Urban Quality & Liveliness

"In a Society becoming steadily more privatized with private homes,
cars, computers, offices and shopping centers, the public component of
our lives is disappearing. It is more and more important to make the
cities inviting, so we can meet our fellow citizens face to face and experience directly through our senses. Public life in good quality public
spaces is an important part of a democratic life and a full life. "
- Jan Gehl
It is true that we shape our cities, and they in turn shape our lives.
Increasingly, the ways in which we shape and inhabit our cities are
being driven by agendas of growth which desensitize or restrict the
public realm from everyday life.
The sphere of social space is relocating itself, largely into virtual or
private spaces, depriving us of the everyday human interactions
that traditionally fueled public life. Liveliness as an attribute of
urbanity is replaced by a capitalistic and consumerist mindset. On
the one hand, there is the increasing role of the private sector in the
consumption of space, leading to greater maintenance, orchestration and control over urban space. On the other hand is the preoccupation with safety, security and suspicion in today's urban condition, that motivates people to occupy more and more controlled
environments which do not expose them to any unplanned
encounters. This, then, becomes a cycle. The fewer people or
activities there are in a space, the more it will be avoided, thus killing
all the life in the space.
The reverse is also true; if a space is active, it will be occupied by
even more people, and used more frequently, and thereby liveliness
multiplies. In the words of William Whyte, "What attracts people
most, it would appear, is other people. There is therefore an
inherent desire amongst us to lead a social life, and the design of our
urban spaces today needs to provide for this in an inclusive manner.
25
PUBILC LIFE| PUBLIC SPACE METHODOLOGY

The core idea of the studio is to focus on the relationship
between the built environment and peoples quality of life.
Gehl Architects, where Oliver Schulze is the Urban Design Director,
is an urban research and design consultancy in Copenhagen
Denmark. They address global trends with a people-focussed
approach, utilizing empirical analysis to understand how the built
environment can promote human flourishing. They apply this
analysis to strategic planning and human-centred design to
empower citizens, decision makers, company leaders, and
organizations. Their methodology for studying peoples well-being
lays the foundation for strategic planning and design.
LIFE
Design begins with life, then

space, and finally buildings.
Work process
In the traditions of urban researchers such as William Whyte and Jan
Gehl, students utilized the empirical survey and mapping methods
which explore the way urban areas are used. These empirical and
analytical methods inform the work throughout the process.
SPACE
BUILDINGS
26
Vision of the City

The vision for the studio was to create resilient places that are
livable today and sustainable tomorrow. Places are never finished
but continue to evolve over time so students aspired to create
places for people that are:
Healthy & Prosperous
Accessible & Inviting
Safe & Secure
Lively & Diverse
Attractive & Competitive
s
ce
Ac
&I
ive
rse
le
sib
&D
it
nv
Liv
ely
ing
Places for people

cure
& Se
Safe
Hea
lthy
& Pr
ospe
rous
Attractive & Competitive

27
LIVELINESS & OTHER URBAN SYSTEMS

Identifying Cause and Effect of Liveliness
As a quality embedded in urban environments, liveliness affects

and is affected by various urban systems that shape the
metropolitan condition. The design of urban spaces therefore
needs to account for the interconnected nature of these systems
and their relationship with the liveliness of the urban public realm.
URBAN FORM:
The physical form of

cities has a large impact on the life in its
open public spaces. Compact cities with
vibrant neighborhoods tend to create a
much greater scope for lively urban spaces
as they encourage people to occupy streets
and promote pedestrians. In contrast, a
sprawling city form would force people to
drive to and from most of their everyday
activities, thus taking the life away from
streets and reducing human encounters
that spark liveliness in urban places.
CLIMATE: Climate plays a key role in the
HYDROLOGY:
In contemporary cities,
natural water systems are usually hidden
away and controlled through expensive
and calculated gray infrastructure. As this
infrastructure ages and water resources
become more scarce and therefore more
valuable, cities are looking for new ways to
integrate natural and healthy water systems
into daily life for conservation, awareness,
access, and good urban ecology.
occupation of open spaces in cities, thereby

critically affecting the liveliness of space. At
the most basic and obvious level, physical
comfort in open spaces, achieved through
adequate climatic responses in design
directly impacts the way the space is used.
For instance, a streetscape that provides no
shade or climatic buffer in a climate with
high temperatures would automatically
affect the walkability of the street.
Water as an element of urban design can be

used to create livelier spaces both
functionally and experientially. While the
sound of flowing water can be used as a
buffer against unwelcome noises such as
traffic, larger pools or water features can
also help to create a sense of place and a
lively urban experience. Such designed
water features can further serve as green
infrastructure elements, to connect urban
open spaces back to the hydrology of the
city.
On the other hand at a much slower pace

and larger scale, the climate and urban
environment is also affected by the
activation and usage of the public realm. If
walkability within the city is increased, car
dependency would effectively decrease,
leading to lesser GHG emissions and the
minimizing of adverse impacts on the
climate such as global warming.
28
TRANSPORTATION:
Transportation
networks are another type of system that
directly affect the human occupation of
open spaces in the city. Well connected
public transport networks combined with
walkable streets, enhance the pedestrian
quality of urban spaces. This lends to the
activation of such open spaces and
improves the quality of liveliness. Quite
often, transport infrastructure tends to act
as a network of public spaces within the
city, with its various nodes such as train or
bus stations being hubs of activity.
Lively public spaces also tend to have an
effect on the transport infrastructure. If
there is greater activity and traffic of people
at certain spots, these nodes are perceived
as safer and can effectively increase
occupancy
among
these
mobility
networks.
ENERGY:
CULTURE: Liveliness can be attributed in
Transportation, particularly in LA, is a major

energy sector and more stringent
environmental laws, gorwing concerns
about air quality, and rising gas prices are
contributing to the need for expanded
alternative transportation infrastructure
including
more
walkable,
livable
neighborhoods, cycle infrastructure, and
new and better public transit options.
Culture can also be indirectly formed or

affected through the gathering of people in
urban spaces - diversity or conflict are often
attributes of lively urban spaces and these
can have significant effects on the culture
of a place.
Energy use in buildings and

transportation is beginning to impact
contemporary cities because of rising
energy prices, the negative environmental
impacts of fossil fuels, and the need for
better long-term sustainable energy
solutions. Because buildings account for
40% of energy use in the United States,
they are often a focus of energy saving
measures,
including
preservation,
weatherization, rehabilitation, retrofitting,
renovation, renewable energy, passive
heating and cooling strategies, and green
building design.
part to the nature of activity that happens

in a space and in many cases, this is largely
governed by the culture of a particular
place. Broader examples of this might
include the aspects of religion or tradition
contributing to the sustenance of public life
in cities through festivals and celebration.
There are also other practices that are
considered cultural attributes, such as
consumerism, which also leads to certain
types of public activity such as retail streets
and shopping malls that foster liveliness in
space.
29
GOVERNANCE: The nature of politics

and civic participation in a city can also play
an important role in the making of its public
spaces and the life in them. At a greater
scale, the type of government and the
nature of their principles will determine
much about the quality of life that is
fostered in the citizens. But, even at a local
scale, the politics of planning, zoning and
building the cities have a great influence on
the way spaces are shaped, thereby
physically defining their character,
accessibility, location, and user friendliness.
LANDSCAPE & ECOLOGY:
Lively urban places provide for encounters

and interactions with diverse groups of
people and therefore such places help in
building the social capital of a place, which
might have local, or maybe even national
influence in the political and civic
landscape.
Lively public spaces also tend to have an

effect on the transport infrastructure. If
there is greater activity and traffic of people
at certain spots, these nodes are perceived
as safer and can effectively increase
occupancy
among
these
mobility
networks.
Transportation networks are another type

of system that directly affect the human
occupation of open spaces in the city. Well
connected public transport networks
combined with walkable streets, enhance
the pedestrian quality of urban spaces. This
lends to the activation of such open spaces
and improves the quality of liveliness.
Quite often, transport infrastructure tends
to act as a network of public spaces within
the city, with its various nodes such as train
or bus stations being hubs of activity.
LIVELY CITY TIMELINE
Our Methodology & Process

The studio sets out to understand in detail the public life generated
in the Los Angeles Sports & Entertainment District [LASED] with a
view to develop strategic design and physical design responses
aimed at capitalizing on the positive impacts of the LASED in
downtown Los Angeles. Students will also identify opportunities in
the wider context of the district to complement the existing public
life of the LASED with new opportunities to create accessible and
inviting destinations for people in downtown Los Angeles. Students
engaged in extensive field surveys on site and work to further ideas
through group work and individual work processing fieldwork data
and creating individual strategic design strategies through
evidence based design research.
Due to heavy rain in the morning of our first intended day

of surveying, we postponed the survey till the following
day, Sunday.
Since we were given the day to ourselves, we were able to

wander and experience Los Angeles on a larger scale,
relying on public transit to transport us along the way.
Some adventuring as far as Santa Monica while others
visited the many great museums and buildings in
Downtown LA.
THURSDAY 1/19
FRIDAY 1/20
The official start to our studio trip was with a tour of the
site walking the extents of the South Park District guided
by our professor, Oliver Schulze who was familiar with the
site after working with AEG and the city of LA to design a
more connective pedestrian strategy along Figuroa Street.
8:00am-12:00pm
2:30pm-5:00pm
In order to fully understand evidence based design research and the

importance behind public life surveys, as a studio we traveled to LA
to get a better perspective of our site. For those unable to travel,
detailed analysis of other AEG projects globally were cataloged and
presented in the section of this book dedicated to understanding
our global client, AEG.
SATURDAY 1/21
AEG
30
The studio was also given the opportunity to meet with

our client, AEG, with a guided tour from Kevin Rieger,
Senior Vice President of Real Estate Development, of both
front of house and back of house facilities to gain a better
understanding of their operation and how that effects the
district. We were also presented with an informative
presentation on LA Live from Ted Tanner, Vice President of
AEG.
Due to the chilly and wet weather we were unable to

accomplish a full day of surveying and instead targeted
the rush hour time ranges to get a better understanding of
how South Park operates with weekday flows.
12:30pm & 6:30pm

8-9am, 12-1pm, 5-6pm
LA Kings Hockey game at 7:30pm
MONDAY 1/23
SUNDAY 1/22
TUESDAY 1/24
8:00am-11:30pm
A full day of surveying the streets of South Park getting an

idea of typical weekend and gameday flows. Scattered
around the area, tasks were given for pedestrian counts,
stationary counts, gender counts, entry threshold counts,
pedestrian interviews and even the task of detective in
which students discreetly followed pedestrians from
specific locations such as the metro to see where people in
the area go.
12:30pm & 6:30pm
After arriving back in St. Louis, we began the

several week process of compiling and
processing the data to gather conclusions and a
full understanding of the LASED and South Park.
The following pages are a compilation of this
process, district analysis, and public life survey
data along with our conclusions on each
element.
LA Clippers game at 12:30pm and a second basketball

game, the LA Lakers playing at 6:30pm
x2
31
METHODOLOGY
During the survey, what did you find

significant but could not document?
Public Life Surveys

Liveliness is the defining quality in the making of a great urban
public realm but it is also the starting point in a process which
takes the human dimension as an important consideration of
urban design. This aspect has been much ignored in the design of
cities in the recent past as the automobile has become the
dominating force.
Courtney: In Nokia plaza the constant sound, lights, advertising

& neon lights & the fact that billboards going on 24 hours a day
were really intense. This didnt show up on survey & we really
need a video to document something like that.
In contemporary urban planning methodologies, there is detailed

documentation on the vehicular flow of traffic through cities to aid
in design. However there are no adequate studies or benchmarks
for the pedestrian flows and movement within the same urban
landscape. In a similar manner, it has been common practice to
develop the building fabric of a place, with the remnants forming
the public ground, and the life in these middle spaces being at best
an after-thought.
Mohammed: During the game there were number of food trucks

serving people going out of the game. The distance that food
trucks were parking at , the minimum distance they were
allowed to be from the LA Live gave a sense that LA live is
limiting people to buy from their chain of restaurants.
To actively encompass the issue of liveliness in urban spaces, the

methods of design and conception of spaces therefore need to
change. Rather than beginning with the building or the automobile, urban design would be better served today to begin with life
in the space, the pedestrian. This method of addressing liveliness is
based on the observation of public life in urban spaces - and
finding a means of quantification to compare and study the
phenomenon of liveliness in an objective manner, to then
apply it to design.
Amanda: At the met-lofts there was an interactive led floor light

on faade & on ground condition on entrance of building. The
kids & adults loved it. It was interesting to see people who didnt
know each other, who were just walking to the game, interacting
with each other.
Ang: Atmosphere, facial expressions...they were really happy.
The following pages catalog one such attempt to study liveliness in

the city, by taking the example of the sports and entertainment
district in the city of Los Angeles, California. The study focuses on
collecting and quantifying public life data through multiple survey
methodologies, including :
Pedestrian and ti ity sur eys
hresho d sur eys
nter ie s
Did you encounter any difficulties

during the survey?
Ian: At the J. W. Mariott hotel lobby . I needed to draw a floor plan

& I had 2-3 security guards ask me what I was doing & who gave
me permission, so I had to explain everything. It gave me a sense
that something that seems very open & inviting to the public
was very controlled in the background & it was always being
observed.
Shruti: Dealing with the security in the Staples Center was
difficult. We were actually on camera being tracked by the LA
Live security. I was stopped by the security because I was
turning on all of their cameras. It was interesting to see how the
space was monitored.
You: There were no places to sit. The drastic lack of street
furnitureshows that the space is not designed for public
comfort.
Hui: Before the game there was a sudden rush of people to the
Staples Center. It was difficult to count them
32
STUDENT INTERVIEWS
Where do you think South Park is

heading?
Excerpts
Liang: I think South park has potential of being further activated

by the LA Live area. If there is something in the surrounding area
that can make people stay a little longer, just one or two hours,
that would increase the areas potential drastically.
Qianqian: I think south park is suitable to become a very
dynamic neighborhood with schools, super markets, parks, &
proximity to downtown. The problem might be retail stores, they
dont have satisfying hours of operation, & facilities in LA Live are
not truly open to the public unless you pay for them.
Ke: South park could have a very good public realm. It can be
made more popular, no matter if it is residential or commercial.
Moon: South park needs to focus more on people, how they live,
zoom in to public spaces for future design.
hat did you learn from the survey
Swapna: The amount of activities, and expressions of people

prodides hints to the way they use these spaces. This information
gives a clear idea of why these surveys cannot be outsourced, and
need to be done by designers themselves. It was interesting to
see how di erent people use the same set of conditions & shape
themselves into the same mold of public space, yet stay di erent.
Leila: I noticed people walking almost two blocks to the subway
restaurant. I thus understand power of food in capturing people
to the areas.
ue: Many of the retail stores on the streets near LA Live were
closed during the times of our surveys. LA Live does not seem to
support a certain kind of retail facilities.
Linda: It is clear to me that South park needs some more public
open space. Though LA Live is clearly a private entity & does not
encourage public retention, it would still be great to have a
central area to encourage people to use the space for a longer
time.
33
34
LOS ANGELES : URBAN PROFILE

35
STUDY AREA
South Park & LASED in Context

Los Angeles
As the second largest metropolis is the US, Los Angeles is an important urban center with unique challenges. Downtown is the historic
core of the city, but has had various characters and reputations over
the course of its development. Previously the center of night-life,
cinema, art, and life in the 1920s and 30s, it declined in through the
80s with the dominance of the car and parking lot typology. With a
mix of uses but a lack of occupancy, it struggled with revitalization,
but was pushed forward with the development of LA Live in the late
90s. A mixed use downtown with a financial center, arts district,
industrial area, residential development opportunities, and a world
class sports and entertainment district became a great selling point
for Downtown LA and brought renewed interest and investment to
the area. South Park is beginning to form its identity as the residential neighborhood in downtown LA and is directly adjacent to LA
Live, the home of four professional sports teams. South Park is still
facing challenges as it develops while LA Live is a clearly established
destination drawing a large crowd over 250 days a year. The studio
explored the relationship between these two districts and saught
an urban design strategy that will capitalze on the assets of each to
push downtown LA toward a lively and sustainable future.
Downtown LA
The City of Los Angeles: Downtown Los Angeles/Central City
California: The City of Los Angeles
The City of Los Angeles is 469 Square Miles
44 Miles Long, 29 Miles across
Population: 3,792,621 (2nd largest city in the US)

Density: 8,092 people per square mile
LA is both flat and hilly, with the highest point at 5,074 ft at

Mount Lukens.
The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are the

fifth busiest in the world.
Los Angeles
In 2008, LA was the second most polluted city in

the country, but by 2010, met its goal for providing 20% of city
power from renewable resources.
36
South Park
rs
te
In
11
et
ta
LASED
B
Int
ers
tat
e -1
Downtown Los Angeles: South Park and LASED

Downtown LA is 5.3 square miles with a population of 45,500
LA River is a concrete channel that flows 51 miles
Downtown had its hey-day in the
1920s and 30s, with a large
population,office and entertainment

development, and accessible transit.
rom the San Fernando Valley, through central city,

and south to the Port of Long Beach.
Downtown declined as
LA subrbanized.
Ralphs is the first supermarket in Downtown LA in 57 years.

South Park is home to the first 2
condo buildings in California to
recieve a LEED Gold rating.
Between 2006 and 2008, with the adaptive-reuse ordinance in full

swing, the downtown population increased by 37%.
Staples Center opened in 1999 and has contributed immensely to the revitalization plans, adding 250
events and
nearly 4,000,000 visitors per year to the neighborhood.
37
GENERAL HISTORY
Timeline
The Transitional Era
1848-1870
Oil Discovery
1892
Los Angeles changed rapidly after 1848, when

California was transferred to the United States as a
result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended
the Mexican-American War. Much greater changes
were to come from the completion of the
Transcontinental Railroad in 1876. For the next 120
years of Los Angeles' growth, it was plagued by often
violent ethnic and class conflict, reflected in the
struggle over who would control the city's identity,
image, geography and history.
Los Angeles Railway Co. (Yellow Cars)
1895-1945
Many lines were converted from streetcar to buses in late

1940s and early 1950s
Oil was discovered by Edward L. Doheny in 1892,

near the present location of Dodger Stadium. Los
Angeles became a center of oil production in the
early 20th century, and by 1923 the region was
producing one-quarter of the world's total
supply; it is still a significant producer, with the
Wilmington Oil Field having the fourth-largest
reserves of any field in California.
Great Merger
1911
Eight separate companies were merged into
the Pacific Electric Railway Company except
Los Angeles Railway. Following this
acquisitions Pacific Electric was the largest
operator in the world with over 1,000 miles
of track.
1848
Boom Town
1913-1941
Industrial Expansion and Growth
1887-1913
In 1848, the gold discovered in

Coloma first brought thousands
of miners from Sonora in
northern Mexico on the way to
the gold fields. So many of them
settled in the area north of the
Plaza that it came to be known as
Sonoratown.
The California Gold Rush
18481855
Los Angeles hosted the 1932 Summer Olympics. The Los

Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which had opened in May,
1932 with a seating capacity of 76,000, was enlarged to
accommodate over 100,000 spectators for Olympic
events. It is still in use by the USC Trojans football team.
Olympic Boulevard, a major thoroughfare, honors the
occasion.
Summer Olympics
1932
In the 1870s, Los Angeles was still little more than
a village of 5,000. By 1900, there were over
100,000 occupants of the city. Several men
actively promoted Los Angeles, working to
develop it into a great city and to make
themselves rich.
The City of Los Angeles mostly remained within its original

28 square-mile (73 km) land grant until the 1890s. The city
has been enlarged significantly because dozens of
additional annexations have been added from 1913 to
1941.
38
River Revitalization
South Central Riots
1992
Metro Extension
Wilshire Towers
Future Development
Construction of Santa Monica
1961
1950
By 1950, Los Angeles was an
industrial and financial giant
created by war production and
migration.
2012-
The 1992 Los Angeles Riots or South Central Riots, also

known as the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Unrest were
sparked on April 29, 1992, when a jury acquitted three
white and one Hispanic Los Angeles Police
Department officers accused in the videotaped
beating of black motorist Rodney King following a
high-speed pursuit. Thousands of people in the Los
Angeles area rioted over the six days following the
verdict.
Civic Park
The New Tom Bradley International Terminal at LAX
Metro Orange Line Extension
Italian American Museum of Los Angeles
The Watts Towers
Los Angeles River Revitalization
Metro Gold Line East side Extension
Autry National Center
Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts
Canyon Fires
Downtown Redevelopment
Nov. 1961
Recent Years
Summer Olympics
1984
The U.S.Bank Tower
1987
Beginning in November 6, 1961, Los Angeles
suffered three days of destructive brush fires. The
repeal of a law limiting building height and the
controversial redevelopment of Bunker Hill, which
destroyed a picturesque though decrepit
neighborhood, ushered in the construction of a
new generation of skyscrapers.
The U.S. Bank Tower in Downtown L.A.

is the tallest building in the U.S. west
of the Mississippi River.
Staples Center
In 1999, the Los Angeles City Council passed an adaptive reuse
ordinance, making it easier for developers to convert vacant office and
commercial buildings in downtown into renovated lofts and luxury
apartment and condo complexes.
As of early 2009, 14,561 residential units have been created under the
adaptive reuse ordinance, leading to an increase in the residential
population. Downtown Los Angeles is seeing new life and investment.
The 1984 Los Angeles Olympics were held in the same stadium
as the 1932 Games.
39
POLITICAL STRUCTURE
City Of Los Angeles
The government of Los Angeles is comprised of elective and

appointive offices, including commissions, departments and
agencies. The overall structure of elections is based on
nonpartisanship, which means that no party designations appear
on city election ballots.
Elected officials include three citywide office holders elected at
large (by all the citys voters). They are the mayor, the city attorney
and the city controller. The charter establishes a city council made
up of 15 members, elected to four-year terms by individual
geographic districts of nearly equal size.
CHIEF
LEGISLATIVE
ANALYST
ELECTED OFFICIALS
CHARTER OFFICES AND

CHARTER DEPARTMENTS
HEADED BY COMMISSIONS
CITY
ADMINISTRATIVE
OFFICE
CHARTER DEPARTMENTS
WITH CITIZEN COMMISSIONS
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
County Of Los Angeles
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
ORDINANCE DEPARTMENTS
Los Angeles includes 88 cities,16 regions and 272 neighborhoods.
ORDINANCE DEPARTMENTS
WITH CITIZEN COMMISSIONS
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
INDEPENDENT CHARTER
DEPARTMENTS HEADED BY
CITIZEN COMMISSIONS
LOS ANGELES CITY
CENTRAL LA
COMMUNITY
STATE LAW DEPARTMENTS

HEADED BY CITY
COMMISSIONS
DOWNTOWN LA
LA LIVE
SOURCE: CAO website
CHARTER DEPARTMENT
WITH FULL-TIME
COMMISSION
SOUTH PARK
DISTRICT
40
BUILDING &
SAFETY
COMMISSION
ON THE STATUS
OF WOMEN
COMMISSION
FOR CHILDREN,
YOUTH & FAMILIES
CITY EMPLOYEES
RETIREMENT SYSTEM
ELECTORATE
COUNCIL
15 MEMBER
GOVERNING BODY
CITY
CLERK
PERSONAL
PLANNING
EMPLOYEE
RATIONAL
BOARD
GENERAL
SERVICE
ENVIRONMENTAL
AFFAIRS
LOS ANGELES
WORLD AIRPORTS
CITY
ATTORNEY
CITY
CONTROLLER
FIRE
(COMMISSION)
FINANCE
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
AGENCY
EL PUEBLO
MAYOR
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
CULTURAL
AFFAIRS
CONVENTION
CENTER
POLICE
(COMMISSION)
COMMUNITY
REDEVELOPMENT
AGENCY
AGING
TRANSPORTATION
LIBRARY
HOUSING
AUTHORITY
BOARD OF
PUBLIC WORKS
BUREAU OF
CONTRACT
ADMINISTRATION
BUREAU OF
ENGINEERING
BUREAU OF
SANITATION
BUREAU OF
STREET
LIGHTING
CITY
TREASURE
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
HOUSING
NEIGHBORHOOD
EMPOWERMENT
DEPARTMENT OF
WATER & POWER
HARBOR
ETHICS
COMMISSION
BUREAU OF
STREET SERVICE
41
SANITATION
HUMAN
RELATIONS
COMMISSION
RECREATION
& PARKS
ZOO
FIRE&POLICE
PENSION
SYSTEM
ANIMAL
SERVICES
DISABILITY
DEMOGRAPHICS
City of Los Angeles
The population of LA increased from 1610 people in1850 to

3,957,875 in 2005.
The map below shows the boundary of the city of Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Population Growth

1850-2005
The population increased to 9,818,605 in 2010. The population in

St. Louis city is 319,294.
The population per square mile is 2,419.6, while in St. Louis city
it is 5,157.5.
SOURCE: UNITED STATES CENSUS,CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE,

CITY OF LOS ANGELES, CA.
42
DEMOGRAPHICS
Visitors
Gender:
65 % of the visitors surveyed were female, while 36% were male.
Age:
Visitors had a median age of 43.9 years, higher than the average age
of residents or employees.
Frequency Visiting Downtown

Several times per week
About every other week
About once per month
About once every two months
About once every three months
About once every 4 - 6 months
About once or twice per year
Less than once per year
First visit
17.2%
12.2%
22.7%
7.6%
10.5%
9.8%
11.4%
7.2%
1.4%
Household Income:
Visitors reported a median household income for 2011 of $91,400.
Ethnicity:
52% of visitors were Caucasian, 17% Hispanic, 15% Asian-American,
and 9% African-American.
Educational Attainment:
69% of visitors had completed a college degree or higher, and
averaged 15.6 years of school.
Visitors came to Downtown a median of 0.8 (1.5) times per month.
Frequency Visiting Downtown:

Visitors came to Downtown a median of 0.8 (1.5) times per month.
Visitors Main Purpose of their Most Recent Visit to Downtown was to
conduct business, for vacation/pleasure/to visit, to attend a cultural
or special event,etc.
Activities Engaged in Downtown by Visitors:
Visitors engaged in numerous activities throughout Downtown. In
the past two years, the majority, or 78%, ate meals in Downtowns
mid-level or upscale restaurants; 62% attended live music, theater
plays, opera or dance; 53% shopped in Downtown retail centers or
stores; and 45% visited art museums or galleries. Another 36%
shopped in Downtown wholesale districts, 30% viewed historic or
iconic architecture, and 42% attended live professional sports
events.
Activities Engaged in Downtown by Visitors

Eating meals in Downtown mid- level or upscale restaurants
Live music, theater plays, opera or dance
Shopping in Downtown retail centers or stores
Art museums or galleries
Live professional sports events
Special events
Shopping in Downtown wholesale districts
Viewing historic or iconic architecture
Sightseeing or tours
Going to movies
Live collegiate sports events
Others
77.8%
61.8%
53.2%
44.6%
42.9%
39.1%
36.1%
29.8%
21.9%
18.2%
12.7%
12.6%
43
DEMOGRAPHICS
Residential Units in 2011
Downtown Residents 2011

Demographics:
A total of 45,518 persons resided in Downtown within the following
boundaries:
North: 101 Freeway and the Chinatown area
East: Los Angeles River
South: 10 Freeway
West: 110 Freeway and the City West area
Affordable
11,038
Market Rate
17,823
Ethnicity:
The largest group, Caucasians, remained constant at 53%, with
Asian-Americans/Pacific Islanders at 22% and Hispanics/Latinos at
nearly 18%, African-Americans were at 6.5%.
Affordable
Market Rate
Household Income - overall:

For all Downtown residents, median household income was $86,300
in 2011, a decrease attributed to the recent recession.
A total of 28,861 Residential Units

resided in Downtown in 2011.
and 45,518 persons
Gender:
54% of Downtown resident respondents were female and 46% were
male.
Age:
Downtown residents median age was 32.5 years.
Household Income - overall: For all Downtown residents, median
household income was $89,770 in 2011, a decrease attributed to the
recent recession.
Education Attainment:
Downtown residents educational level continued to rise. Those
completing four years of college or higher was at 80% in 2011, and
approximately five percentage points higher than the 75% of Total
respondents who completed at least four years of college.
Age
Employment Field:
One-fifth or 20% of Downtown residents were employed in
business/professional/technical services, with nearly as many, 19%
in arts/ entertainment, by far the top two fields.
0 . 6 65
55 - 64 1.5%
45 - 54
5.9%
Employment Position:
In 2011, of employed Downtown residents, more than one-half, 52%
were at top, senior and professional staff levels (regardless of
workplace location).
Up to 22
4.8%
35 - 44 9.8%
31.3% 23 - 29
Activities Attended:
A significant share of residents attended Downtown cultural arts
and sports events. Residents attended Downtown live music,
theater, opera or dance a median of 3.5 times per year, and art
museums or galleries 3.8 times annually. They attended Downtown
live professional sports events 2.0 times per year, and 88% attended
Downtown special events annually.
30 - 34 23.1%
Up to 22
23 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
65
Median : 32.5
44
Household Income - Overall
Ethnicity
1.3% Under $10,000

$250,000 and up 4.1%
African-American
$200,000 and $249,999
Hispanic/Latin 17.7%
53.3%
Asian-American
$10,100 - $49,999
5.9%
6.5%
17.7%
10.3%
Caucasian
20.0% $50,000 - $74,999
22.1%
21.6%
$150,000 - $199,999
18.6%
$75,000 - $99,999
African-American
Hispanic/Latin
Under $10,000
Asian-American
$10,100 - $49,999
$50,000 - $74,999
Caucasian
$75,000 - $99,999
$100,000 - $149,999
$150,000 - $199,999
$200,000 and $249,999
$250,000 and up
Median Income : $89,770
Employment Status
Education Level
0.7% Homemaker
1.4% Others or not employed
Retired 1.2%
Current seeking employment
2.3%
High school or equivalent

6.6%
Students
11.6%
Self-employed
16.7%
Graduate or professional degree

31.9%
66.0%
13.4%
Community college
Employed full-or-part time

47.9%
High school or equivalent

Employed full-or-part time
Community college
Self-employed
Undergraduate (BA. or BS.)
Students
Graduate or professional degree
Current seeking employment
Mean years of education : 16.1
Retired
Homemaker
Others or not employed
45
Undergraduate (BA. or BS.)
CLIMATE
Monthly Average Total Precipitation
Precipitation (in.)
The Los Angeles area is also subject to phenomena typical of a

microclimate, causing extreme variations in temperature in close
physical proximity to each other. For instance, the average July
maximum temperature at the Santa Monica Pier is 75 F (24 C)
whereas it is 95 F (35 C) in Canoga Park. The city, like much of the
southern California coast, is subject to a late spring/early summer
weather phenomenon called "June Gloom." This involves overcast
or foggy skies in the morning which yield to sun by early afternoon.
Month
Downtown Los Angeles averages 15.14 inches (384.6 mm) of

precipitation annually, which mainly occurs during the winter and
spring (November through April) with generally moderate rain
showers, but often as heavy rainfall and thunderstorms during
winter storms. The coast gets slightly less rainfall, while the mountains get slightly more. Years of average rainfall are rare; the usual
pattern is bimodal, with a short string of dry years (perhaps 78
inches/180200 mm) followed by one or two wet years that make
up the average. Snowfall is extremely rare in the city basin, but the
mountains within city limits typically receive snowfall every winter.
The highest recorded temperature in downtown Los Angeles is 113
F (45 C) on September 27, 2010 and the lowest recorded temperature is 24 F (4 C) on December 22, 1944.
Temperature (C)
Monthly Average Temperature
Temperature (F)
The average annual temperature in downtown is 66 F (19 C): 75 F

(24 C) during the day and 57 F (14 C) at night. In the coldest
month, January, the temperature typically ranges from 59 to 73 F
(15 to 23 C) during the day and 45 to 55 F (7 to 13 C) at night. In
the warmest month August the temperature typically ranges
from 79 to 90 F (26 to 32 C) during the day and around 64 F (18 C)
at night. Temperatures are subject to substantial daily swings; in
inland areas the difference between the average daily low and the
average daily high is over 30 F (17 C). Hours of sunshine total
more than 3,000 per year, from an average of 7 hours of sunshine
per day in December to an average of 12 in July.
Precipitation (cm)
Los Angeles has a Subtropical-Mediterranean climate, and has

plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of only 35
days with measurable precipitation annually.
Month
Source: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Period of Record : 4/ 1/1906 to 12/31/2011
46
Temperature (F)
Annual Human Comfort Level
Month
Month
Annual Temperature (F)
Los Angeles Annual Mean Temperatures 1921 to 2011
Year
47
HYDROLOGY
Within the City of Los Angeles area, there are 4 primary watersheds
-- the Los Angeles River, the Santa Monica Bay (Upper and Lower),
Ballona Creek and the Dominguez Channel.
The Los Angeles River, which is largely seasonal, is the primary
drainage channel. It was straightened and lined in 51 miles of
concrete by the Army Corps of Engineers to act as a flood control
channel. The river begins in the Canoga Park district of the city, flows
east from the San Fernando Valley along the north edge of the Santa
Monica Mountains, and turns south through the city center, flowing
to its mouth in the Port of Long Beach at the Pacific Ocean. The
smaller Ballona Creek flows into the Santa Monica Bay at Playa del
Rey.
Los Angeles River
Santa
anta Monica Bay
Downtown LA
Ballona Creek
South Park
Hyperion Treatment Plant
The city has two separate drainage systems. The sewer system takes
wastewater from homes and carries it to the City's Hyperion
Treatment Plant for processing and filtration. It is then discharged
into the ocean. However, The storm drain system, takes rainwater
runoff and routes it directly--untreated---into ocean.
The City's wastewater system is comprised of more than 6,500 miles
of sewer pipelines and four wastewater treatment and water
reclamation plants that can process over 550 million gallons of flow
each day citywide.
San Gabriel River
Dominguez
Channel
South Park
Los Angeles River Watershed
Ballona Creek watershed
Dominguez Channel Watershed
San Gabriel River Watershed
Regional Watershed Context
Hyperion Treatment Plant, the City's largest facility, serves more

than two-thirds of Los Angeles and has a capacity to process 450
million gallons per day (MGD); 100% secondary treatment. Terminal
Island Treatment Plant in San Pedro, serves Los Angeles Harbor area
communities. Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant, serving
San Fernando Valley communities. Los Angeles/Glendale Water
Reclamation Plant serves eastern San Fernando Valley communities.
All wastewater treatment and water reclamation plants operate 24
hours a day, year-round.
(Source: www.lastormwater.org)
Storm Drain System
Hyperion
yperion Treatment Plant
South Park
Wastewater Collection
Water Treatment Plants
Sewer System
Sewer System: Wastewater Treatment Plants

48
Site Hydrology/ Drainage:

The
he City of Los Angeles has two separate
drainage systems, the storm drain system and
the sanitary sewer system. Within the area of
South Park, all the wastewater is collected into
the Hyperion Treatment Plant, located 12.24
miles (20 km) away. Stormwater runoff drains
from the street, through gutter enters the
pipelines, flows into Los Angeles River, finally
flow into ocean.
49
DEMOGRAPHICS
CURRENT PLANNING DOCUMENTS
DOWNTOWN
LA IN 2011 Plan: Circulation
Central City Community
Downtown
The
Central Residents
City Community Plan is a part of the General Land Use
Demographics:
racial/ethnic
composition,
Map
of the City ofDowntown
Los Angeles.residents
The follwing
pages show
the types
age,
householdincluded
size andin
gender
demographic ratios in 2011.
of
information
this plan.
Gender:
54%(53%)
of Downtown
resident
respondents
The
Downtown
Design
Guide: Urban
Design
Standards were
and female
and 46%(47%)
were
male.
Guidelines
for the
City
of Los Angeles supplements municipal code
provisions and is a guide to help downtown, including South Park
Age:LASED
Downtown
residentsmedian
age wascommunity.
32.5 (32.1) years.
and
develop
as a more sustainable
It includes
recommendations for streetscape design, building form, streets,
Household
Income
- overall:and
Formore.
all Downtown residents, median
land
use, transit,
walkability,
recent recession.
Education Attainment: Those completing four years of college or
higher was at 80%in 2011.
Employment Field: One-fifth or 20%(20%) of Downtown residents
were employed in business/professional/technical services, with
nearly as many, 19%(17%) in arts/ entertainment, by far the top two
fields.
Visitors
Gender: Many more visitor respondents were female, 64%than
male, 36%.
Age: Visitors had a median of 43.9 years, higher compared to
residents or employees.
Household Income: Visitors reported a median household income
for 2011 of $91,400.
Ethnicity: 52%of visitors were Caucasian with 17%Hispanic,
15%Asian-American, and 9%AfricanAmerican.
Educational Attainment: 69%of visitors have completed college or
higher, and averaged 15.6 years of
school.
50
Central City Community Plan: Industrial Zone

Nearly half of downtown LA is zoned for industrial use.
0.5
51
1 mile
DEMONGRAPHICS
DOWNTOWN
LA IN 2011 Plan: Land Use
Central City Community
Downtown Residents
Demographics: Downtown residents racial/ethnic composition,
age, household size and gender demographic ratios in 2011.
Gender: 54%(53%) of Downtown resident respondents were female
and 46%(47%) were male.
Age: Downtown residentsmedian age was 32.5 (32.1) years.
Household Income - overall: For all Downtown residents, median
recent recession.
Education Attainment: Those completing four years of college or
higher was at 80%in 2011.
Employment Field: One-fifth or 20%(20%) of Downtown residents
were employed in business/professional/technical services, with
nearly as many, 19%(17%) in arts/ entertainment, by far the top two
fields.
Visitors
Gender: Many more visitor respondents were female, 64%than
male, 36%.
Age: Visitors had a median of 43.9 years, higher compared to
residents or employees.
Household Income: Visitors reported a median household income
for 2011 of $91,400.
Ethnicity: 52%of visitors were Caucasian with 17%Hispanic,
15%Asian-American, and 9%AfricanAmerican.
Educational Attainment: 69%of visitors have completed college or
higher, and averaged 15.6 years of
school.
52
Central City Community Plan: Height District
Height District
0.5
1mile
53
SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES
Los Angeles is one of the worlds great cities; citizens and
businesses from around the globe have made this one of the
most diverse communities and economies found anywhere. But
another global trend climate change jeopardizes the citys
many accomplishments, and future. Its many impacts, from
global warming to changing precipitation patterns and
increased risk of forest fires, are already threatening the citys
water supply, undermining gains in air quality, and endangering
human health.
While the risks associated with climate change are high, the
benefits of acting today are largely positive. Reductions in
carbon emissions will improve air quality, create a more livable
city, and invent cutting-edge green technology that can be
marketed to the global community.
Viewed properly, the threat of climate change is really an
opportunity to transform Los Angeles into the greenest big city
in Americaa model of urban sustainability for the 21st century.
Responsivenss to Climate Change
Based on the magnitude of temperature and precipitation

response to greenhouse gas emissions,Southern California,
northern Mexico and western Texas are identified as climate
change hotspots for the 21st century.
54
Downtown
Design Guide
55
56
AEG & LASED: PROFILE & MORPHOLOGY

57


Company, owns or controls a collection of companies. It has
successfully run 85 projects involving in four major types in terms of
arenas, stadiums, convention centers and theaters/clubs in 53 cities
around the world. The projects list as follows:
Arenas
1st BANK Center
All phones Arena
Ahoy Rotterdam
American Airlines Arena
Annexet
AT&T Center
Barclays Center
BJCC Arena
Broadbent Arena
Brisbane Entertainment Centre
Citizens Business Bank Arena
Ericsson Globe
FedEx Forum
Freedom Hall
Jobing.com Arena
Hovet
Kemper Arena
KFC YUM! Center
Key Arena at Seattle Center
MasterCard Center
Maverik Center
Memorial Coliseum
Mercedes-Benz Arena
Newcastle Entertainment Centre
O2 World Berlin
O2 World Hamburg
Perth Arena
Prudential Center
Rose Garden
Scottish Hydro Arena
Sprint Center
STAPLES Center
Stockholm Arena
Target Center
The O2 Arena
Time Warner Cable Arena
lker Sports Arena
U.S. Bank Arena
Valley View Casino Center
Volksbank Arena
XL Center
Convention Centers
Brisbane Convention Exhibition Centre
Cairns Convention Centre and Arena
Darwin Convention Centre
Kuala Lumpur Convention & Exhibition Centre
Oman Convention & Exhibition Centre
Qatar National Convention Centre
58

Stadiums
Houston Dynamo Stadium
Farmers Field
Nova Arena
Pernambuco Stadium
The Home Depot Center
Rentschler Field East
Sderstadion
Suncorp Stadium
Turk Telekom Arena
VTB Bank Arena and Dynamo Moscow Stadium
Theaters
Albany Entertainment Centre
Best Buy Theater
Bluebird Theater
Club Nokia
El Rey Theatre
His Majesty's Theatre
Humphrey's Concerts by the Bay
indigO2
The Joint at Hard Rock Hotel & Casino
Keswick Theatre
The Midland by AMC
Mann Center of the Performing Arts
Nokia Theatre L.A. LIVE
Palladium Ballroom
Perth Concert Hall
Royal Oak Music Theatre
Showbox At The Market
Showbox SoDo
Starland Ballroom
State Theatre Centre of Western Australia
Subiaco Arts Centre
The Colosseum at Caesars Palace
The Regency Ballroom
The Ogden Theatre
The Warfield
Verizon Theatre at Grand Prairie
WaMu Theater
Cities with AEG projects
59
COMPANY INFORMATION
Client Profile

Company, owns or controls a collection of companies.
Leader of the Anschutz Company, Denver multi-billionaire Philip
Anschutz, is a man of varied interests. The holding company
includes an eclectic stable of entertainment, media, and sports
businesses, in addition to telecom and energy development all
around he world.
Arenas
Convention
Centres
Facilities
AEG is committed to developing a diverse workforce marketplace

that opens the door to opportunity and unleashes the possibilities
within each and every employee.
Theatres
Stadiums
Basketball Franchises
Sports Franchises
Anschutz
Company
Hockey Franchises
AEG
Other Teams
AEG Merchandising
Affiliates
A advertising agency
AEG Creative
AEG Global
Partnerships
SOURCE: AEG HOME website
60
LIVELINESS
TITLE
COMPANY INFORMATION
Secondary
Title
Events Calendar
in 2011, LA Live hosted 304 events on

There are ten types of entertainment events in LA live, as charities,
concerts, sports award shows, arts, comedies, and conventions.
Most of them occured over the winter holiday.
Some LA Live events are as:
Small Concerts
World Touring Concerts

Grammy Awards
LA Lakers Games
LA Kings Games
LA Clippers Games
304 events in total

100
100
Movie Premiers
X Games
80
80
Outdoor Art Fairs
World Touring Circus
Number of Events
60
60
Grammy Lectures and Presentations

Fan Fair Events
Special Events
40
40
20
20
10
11
12
Month
STAPLES CENTER
NOKIA THEATER
NOKIA CLUB
THE GRAMMY MUSEUM
CONGA ROOM
REGAL CINEMA
61
SOURCE: LALIVE.COM.2011 EVENTS CALENDAR
SIZE COMPARISON

The growing phenomenon of entertainment districts emerges from
the desire to integrate multiple recreational programs under the
same umbrella of ownership. In many ways, the construction of
modern arenas, convention centers, sporting venues, and the like,
are a function of venue owners providing a diversity of options
available for consumption. As a large enterprise, AEG has
undertaken the construction and establishment of many such event
spaces. Size and scale of the buildings that form the campus, as well
as their proximity to urban infrastructure and the encouragement or
eradication of an existing grid. It is through studying other global
venues of this magnitude, one comes to understand how the fabric
of these large-scale urban interventions interface with existing
metropolitan conditions. Through understanding other global
locations, it seems that the venue acts within the existing urban
fabric in one of three ways:
As a Superblock Creator
As a Green-Space/Natural Resource Activator
As an Urban Renewal Catalyst
While L.A. Live has created its own campus, while somewhat
interrupting the existing urban fabric by creating superblocks, the
campus provides more of a total environment (containing not only
venues for events, but destinations like restaurants, clubs, and other
amenities). In many ways, this approach has more potential for
liveliness than the models which follow, because it distills for its
visitors the intimidating scale of the city into a more approachable
microcosm.
L.A. Live
Los Angeles, California

Location: South Park
Venue Area: 4 million sq ft
Completed in 2010
250
500
750
1000 ft
62
Superblock Creator
Large arenas and convention centers interface with urban

fabric by creating superblocks to accommodate the
required square footage, as well as surrounding blocks to
accommodate parking and other related programs. This
intervention provides new challenges to street and
pedestrian traffic, both in reducing the surface area of
roads while increasing pedestrian density at certain peak
hours.
Green-Space/Natural Resource Activator
Event venues are often utilized to reinvigorate a natural

landscape or body of water in an urban environment.
Often times, though not always, these instances occur
outside of the downtown area of the city. Large parks
receive more pedestrian activity on event days when the
venue is situated inside. The preservation of nature while
servicing the venue with parking and other amenities is a
challenge to this model.
63
Urban Renewal Catalyst
When a city is looking to attract more people and

compete with other regions, new arenas are often viewed
as the solution. In this sense, these venues function as a
catalyst for urban renewal within the city, which can take
place equally downtown as on the outskirts. In many new
cities, the planning of a large convention center functions
as a point of departure from which other city districts are
later envisioned. This model presents challenges in that it
often takes time to realize the projected liveliness and
density. Often times funds are insufficient to complete the
whole scope of the project, and the surrounding areas of
the venue detract, rather than enhance, the user
experience.
SIZE COMPARISON
x4
Kuala Lampur Convention Center:

Kuala Lampur, Malaysia
Population of city : 7.2 million
Location : Downtown
Venue area : 474,900 sq ft
Site area: 969,500 sq ft
Capacity: 20,000 people
x4
Ahoy Rotterdam:
Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Population of city : 593,049
Location : South of Downtown
Site area: 1,249,571 sq ft
Completed in 1970, Refurbished in 1998
x2
Qatar Convention Center:
Doha, Qatar
Location : Education City outside Downtown
64
65
SIZE COMPARISON
x4
SunCorp Stadium: Brisbane, Australia

Population of city : 2 million
Location : Downtown
Completed in 2003
x7
American Airlines Arena: Miami, Florida

Location : Downtown
Completed in 1999
x3
Field: Hartford, Connecticut

Location : Suburban
Completed in 2003
66
67
EVOLUTION
L.A. Live
The evolution of the district
1971-1997 Convention center is constructed
When the convention center was established, there was not much
urban life in the surrounding areas.
1999 Staples Center opens
When staples center was built, a new urban activity destination was
created in the area. But the place still did not have a clear urban
identity.
2001
City approves LASED EIR, Specific PLAN and Develop Agreements
2006, 2007
AEG secures L.A. LIVE and hotel/condo financing
2008 L.A. LIVE opens restaurants, clubs, Grammy museum, ESPN

broadcast studios, etc.
The completion of L.A. Live created a whole new language of urban
spaces for the area, creating urban spaces scaled for pedestrian
movement and staying activity.
1989
2009 Regal Cinemas Open

2010 Conference Center, JW Marriott, and Ritz Carlton Hotels open
Existing: Surface Parking
planned developments
The planned extensions within the L.A. Sports and Entertainment
District Specific Plan expand the language to an even larger area
starting to connect the district to Downtown Los Angeles.
2016 Farmers Field/LACC expansion

The future conditions surrounding Farmers Field and LACC must
build on the public space network introduced at L.A. Live and
enhance the quality of the whole district.
2
1
2006
New: Nokia Theater
Area: 97,000 sq. ft
New construction
Existing construction
68
1994
New: Convention Center
Area: 1500,000 sq. ft
2002
New: Staples Center

Area: 250,000 sq. ft
2007
New: ESPN Broadcast Studios
Area: 28,000 sq. ft
2005
New: Reconstruction of part of 12th street
2008
4
2009
New: JW Marriott and Ritz Carlton Hotel &Residences

Area: 66,000 sq. ft
New: Club Nokia/Restaurants/Retail/Museum/Office/
Broadcast Facility 6
Area: 110,000 sq. ft
69
New: Regal Cinemas 7

Area: 60,000 sq. ft
New: JW Marriott Conference and Banquet Center
Area: 66,000 sq. ft
70
SOUTHPARK & LASED : DISTRICT ANALYSIS

71
DISTRICT ANALYSIS
Students of the LA Studio analyzed the different urban
systems that compose the built environment of the
LASED and Southpark districts. Each element of the built
environment was evaluated based on its contribution to
the potential liveliness of the district. Throughout the
analysis students identified sections of the district that
have distinctly different character. This information was
valuable as students began to develop design proposals
for specific sites in the district.
BLOCKS SYSTEM:
STREETS:
PARKING:
- Blocks: District Structure.

- Building Area vs Total Area.
- Block Orientation.
- Block Sizes.
- Street Hierarchy.
- Street Direction and Accessibility.
- Public Transit:
- Bus Stations/ Routes.
- Metro Stations/Routes.
- Bike Routes.
- Parking Structure.
- Surface Parking.
- Street Parking.
- Street Character:
- Street sections.
- Edges conditions.
- Detailed Street Analysis:
- Figueroa Street.
- 9th Street.
- Olympic Blvd.
- Grand Ave.
- Flower Street.
- 11th street.
- 12th street.
- Chick Heam Ct.
- Pico Blvd.
72
BUILDINGS:
- Ground Floor Program.
- Ground Floor Entrances.
- Retail Types and Locations.
- Buildings Heights.
- Buildings Footprint sizes.
LANDSCAPE:
PROJECTED FUTURE DEVELOPMENT:
- Downtown New Infrastructure and Projects.

- LA Live Future Plan.
- Trees.
- Permeable surfaces.
- Parks / Plazas.
73
HISTORY OF SOUTHPARK MORPHOLOGY

A Shift in the Commercial Center
As we can see from the three images on the right, the commercial
center of Los Angeles has gradually shifted from Spring street to
Figueroa street over the past 100 years, after the 1950s, along with
the introduction of the interstate into this area.
Figueroa street dates to Los Angeless nascency, with humble
beginnings as a dirt road in the late 18th century when Alta
California was under the rule of Spain.
Early 19th century
In the early 19th century the street was known as Calle de las
Chapules, or Street of the Grasshoppers, for the locusts that would
reportedly hatch by the millions in the grassy plains west of the city
and cross the street as they ventured eastward into the Pueblo.
Late 19th century and early 20th century
Late 19th century and early 20th century Figueroa remained
primarily residential through the late 19th century and early 20th
century. Many fine homes lined the street and in the adjacent
neighborhood of University Park, located between the southern
reaches of Downtown and the University of Southern
California.
The Figueroa residential corridor and the adjacent University Park
neighborhood were among the Citys most elite residences.
Multi-family apartment houses began replacing single family
homes along Figueroa in the 1910s. Generally, four-story apartment
buildings were constructed from Figueroa and Sixth Street south to
Tenth Street (now Olympic Boulevard).
Completed around 1915, the 200-room, six-story Ivins Apartments
at Tenth Street and Figueroa was reportedly the first brick
apartment building of its kind constructed in Los Angeles.
1920s-1940s
Commercial and automobile-related uses began to replace homes
in the 20s, and by the time that Los Angeles entered the Post World
War II years Figueroa was almost exclusively a commercial corridor,
with some institutional uses scattered throughout.
1950s
As the predominance of the automobile in Los Angeles culture
reached its zenith in the post-World War II years, the streetcar was
often seen as a nuisance more than a necessity and was eradicated
altogether by the late 1950s.
Figueroa street
Spring street
74
1894
75
2011

Footprint Study 1909 - 2012
1909
For most of Los Angeles' history, the area now known as South Park
was dominated by industrial facilities, taxi dance halls, automobile
dealerships, and residential hotels. Recently, the area has begun to
transform rapidly with infill development.
However, 100 years ago, the whole district was dominated by small
residential buildings.
Conclusions:
1. During the past 100 years, although the road network system
remains basically the same, almost all the old buildings have been
replaced by new ones.
2. Building types have gradually transformed from small, residential
to large-scaled commercial buildings.
Average number of buildings per hectare has declined

from
8 to 3 over the 100 years.

1909
2012
2
3
Inaccessible information
76
250
500
750
1000 ft
2012
2
3
250
77
500
750
1000 ft

Road Network Study 1909-2012
1909
Zone 2
Although the boom of the 1880s was, proportionately, the greatest

period of growth in the history of Los Angeles, the boom of the
1920s arguably did more to shape the modern city as it appears
today. It was during the 20s that the greater Los Angeles area
reached a million inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the
United States.
In the 1910s, Figueroa transformed into Automobile Row, lined
with purpose-built automobile showrooms and repair centers.
The other major change in the district happed in the 1950s. Many
buildings were demolished for the construction of the interchange
of the Santa Monica and Harbor Freeways.
Zone 1
Conclusions:
1. The road network in zone 1 is not as regular as the network in
zone 2. This might be one reason that the authority designed the
interstate to go through zone 1 instead of zone 2.
2. The scale of the grid of zone1, zone 2 and zone 3 are different. The
three districts wer built in different time periods.
3. It is better to develop large-scale complexes like L.A. Live in an
area such as zone 1 because the parcels are irregular sizes and
shapes.
4. The interstate gives easy access for people who come to L.A. Live.
This may also be the other reason why developers developed L.A.
Live in this location.
Zone 3
N
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Road network that has changed over the last 100 years
78
250
500
750
1000 ft
2012
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone 3
79
250
500
750
1000 ft
BLOCKS: DISTRICT STRUCTURE
Buildings Footprint, Streets, and Block Structure

Buildings: - 617 Buildings
Ground Floor Area = 11,521,899 sqft

Blocks: 112 Blocks ( average width=350 )
Vacant Aand Area = 10,447,896 sqft

Circulation: 32 Streets (average width=60 )
Total Street Area = 6,495,704 sqft

2 %
2 2 %
3 8 %
3 8 %
The graph above shows that 38% of
the study area is considered

vacant land, which includes surface
parking.
38% of the total area is occupied by
buildings
23% by traffic circulation

2% is left over for parks and plazas
Ground Floor Areas

Vacant land
Parks and Plazas
N
Circulation
80
250
500
750
1000 ft
500
1000
Street Network
Block Structure
Building Footprint
- Average width of Interstate fwy = 170

- Average width of district streets = 60
- Total area for traffic circulation = sft 6,495,704 (19%)
- 115 Blocks
- Typical block width in the district = 350
- Typical block length in the district = 600
- Total area of blocks = sft 21,969,795
- 617 Buildings in the study area.

- Total ground floor area = sft 11,521,899
81
1500
2000 ft
BLOCK ORIENTATION
(A) Side vs. (B) Side
Block orientation analysis shows the two sides of blocks in the

district. The main side, is the (A) and the secondary side the (B). In
the north part of the district the (A) sides of the blocks located on
the east and the west sides, which means that the continuation of
the (A) sides are going along the north and south directions. This
shows the fact that the main entrances of the buildings will take a
place on the (A) side.
In the south part of the district where the block turns to take the
square shape, the two sides of the blocks lose their pattern because
of the orientation of each building on each block.
The A side of the block generally runs
North and South.
The B side of the block generally runs
East and West.
Exceptions often occur where parking

lots sit at corners and occupy a long
length of a block.
(A) side
(B) side
82
250
500
750
1000 ft
st..
th st
99th
st.
14t
14thh st.
Main st.
st.
8th
8th st.
260
260
610
lvdd..
ic BBlv
mppic
lym
O
Oly
490
350
610
Figueroa Street
st.
9th
9th st.
Small Blocks
Mid-Size Blocks
Large/Irregular Blocks
New York, NY
San Francisco, CA
Copenhagen, Danmark
Small blocks are mainly located in the southern part of the

district, between 14th street and 17th street. They are
square in shape, 260 on each side . The area of each block
is 67,600 square feet.
The majority of the district is composed of Mid-sized

blocks. They are located on the east side of Figueroa street
between 5th street and 12th street. The are rectangles
with a length of 610 feet and a width of 350 feet. The total
area of each block is 213,500 square feet.
83
250
500 ft
This type of block is located on the west side of the district

along Figueroa street. Each block has a different shape
and size. LA Live buildings and the convention center are
the main buildings on these blocks.
PARCELS
The South Park district includes 1226 parcels.
The Department of City Planning in City of Los Angeles has a profile
report of each parcel.
The profile report contains the following information and
regulations.
Address/Legal Information
PIN Number
Lot/Parcel Area (Calculated)
Thomas Brothers Grid
Assessor Parcel No.
Tract
Map Reference
Block
Lot
Jurisdictional Information
Community Plan Area
Area Planning Commission
Neighborhood Council
Council District
Census Tract #
LADBS District Office
Planning and Zoning Information
Zoning Information
General Plan Land Use
General Plan Footnote
Specific Plan Area
Assessor Information
APN Area
Use Code
Last Owner Change
Tax Rate Area
Building
Additional Information
Airport Hazard
Coastal Zone
Farmland
Watercourse
Economic Development Areas
Business Improvement District
Renewal Community
Revitalization Zone
State Enterprise Zone
Targeted Neighborhood Initiative
Public Safety
Police Information
Fire Information
84
250
500
750
1000 ft
ZONING
General use of the parcels in the study area:
Residential = 245 parcels
Commercial = 873 parcels
Industrial = 94 parcels
Open space = 12 parcels
Public space facilities = 2 parcels
Residential = 2,972,212 sqft
Commercial = 13,382,931 sqft

Industrial = 1,074,716 sqft
Open space = 2,503,418 sqft
Public space facilities = 304,555 sqft
1% 0.2%
8%
Public Space
20%
Public space facilities

Residential
Commercial
Industrial
70%
The diagram shows the percentage of different general uses for all
parcels.
250
500
750
85
1000 ft
Spring st
The maps to the right show the street hierarchy of the study area
in downtown Los Angeles. Major and secondary streets make up
the majority of the streets and are often wider and handle more
automobile traffic than other streets. This illustrates that the
priority is given to efficiently getting cars through the area. By
placing a priority on the car, the streets are less safe for pedestrians,
noisier, and have poor air quality.
Broadway
Figueroa st
Hierarchy
Grand Ave
STREETS
5th st
Below is the total linear feet of each type of street in the district.
Secondary streets make up most of the streets in the district and
usually contain four lanes of traffic plus at least one lane for street
parking. This shows that most of the streets are quite wide and not
geared towards the pedestrian.
11,431 ft
34,528 ft
87,580 ft
15,708 ft
3,370 ft
8,280 ft
Highway
Arterial
Secondary
Collector
Local
Alley
160,897 ft
Total
7th st
9th st
11th st
Highway
Arterial
Secondary
Collector
Local
Alleys
86
250
500
750
1000 ft
Highway
Arterial
Secondary
Collector
Local
Alley
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
Main st
Spring st
Traffic Direction
Flower st
Figueroa st
STREETS
The map to the right shows the traffic directions in downtown Los
Angeles. The arrows illustrate one way streets and the direction
that traffic is allowed to travel. Streets not marked with an arrow
allow two-way traffic.
Olive st
Grand Ave
6th st
8th st
9th st
11th st
12th st
88
250
500
750
1000 ft
Spring st
Broadway
Grand Ave
Figueroa st
STREETS
Highway Access
5th st
The map to the left shows the highway access and exit points in
the downtown Los Angeles. There are 4 off ramps and 2 on ramps
within one block of LA Live.
There are 4 off-ramps and 2 on-ramps

7th st
within 1 block of LA Live
9th st
11th st
Off-ramp
250
500
750
1000 ft
89
On-ramp
STREETS
History of Public Transit in Downtown
Westlake Park
First and Main
Southern Pacific Depot
To Harvard Boulevard
Main
Fifth and Central
es Rive
Los Angel
1960-2012
During in the 1970s, there was serious discussion about the need for
additional mass transit systems based on environmental concerns,
following rapid population growth and the 1973 oil crisis. The Metro
Blue Line began commuter service in 1990, marking the return of
electric rail passenger train service to Los Angeles. The opening of
the route from downtown Los Angeles to Long Beach used much of
the same right-of-way as the original Pacific Electric line that ceased
in 1961. Since then, the LACMTA has opened more lines.
To College Street
er
oa
1900-1960
Two historic events, the Great Merger and Streetcar Scandal,
influenced the forming of the transportation system in this period.
The Great Merger took place during the expansion of the streetcar
network. All of the small private companis merged and were
reorganized into two larger companies as the transportation
system. During this time, city planners began to plan the LA freeway
system, including Pasadena freeway and the Santa Monica freeway
due to accomodate the rapid increase of automobile ownership.
This resulted in the decline of the streetcar system in 1950s.
1880-1900
Fig
u
1880-1900
Public transportation started in the late 19th century in the Los
Angeles area. First it operated with a horse car and later changed to
a streetcar. In the early years, a number of private rail companies
founded and later merged. The companies were not primarily
dedicated to the public, but rather focused on promoting real estate
development.
Main and Pico

Terminal
Washington and Figueroa
Boyle Heights
Spring and West 6th Street Railroad

South Park
East Los Angeles and San Pedro Railway Company
Downtown districts
Los Angeles river
Citi Railroad Company

Main and Fifth Street Railroad
Figueroa street
Los Angeles Cable Railway

Los Angeles Electric Railway Company
90
250
500
750
1000 ft
1900-1960
2012
a
en
Fw
ad
Fw
ad
s
Pa
Union Station
Union Station
Pacific Electric Depot
Los Angel
e
Los Ang
es River
les Rive
s
Pa
a
en
San
ta
Sa
nt
a
Mo
Mo
nic
aF
wy
nic
aF
wy
250
500
750
1000 ft
Los Angeles Railway Company
Metro Liner
Pacific Electric Railway Company
Metro Blue Line (Light Rail)
Los Angeles Pacific Railroad
Metro Purple + Red Line (Heavy Rail)
Freeway (Under Construction)
Metro Orange Line (Light Rail)
91
250
500
750
1000 ft
STREETS
History of Public Transit in South Park

1880-1900
Most of the routes connected to downtown, which is the north part
of South Park. A few routes passed through South Park. In this
period, most development of rail routes were intended to promote
real estate development in the area.
To College St.
1880-1900
To Southern Pacific Depot
1900-1960
There were two operators in this period. At this time they
constructed and operated the longest length of rail track in the
world. Even though rapid increases in automobile sales and opening
of the freeway system caused shrinking public transportation, most
of the lines currently operating were formed in this period.
2012
With expanding development in the downtown area, South Park
now plays a key role in supporting downtown. There are some
subway lines and bus routes passing though South Park. The
government has plans for restoring the streetcar system, with the
purpose of increasing tourism.
To Boyle Heights
To Westlake Park
To Harvard Boulevard
Spring and West 6th Street Railroad

East Los Angeles and San Pedro Railway
Citi Railroad
Los Angeles Cable
Los Angeles Electric Railway
92
250
500
750
1000 ft
1900-1960
2012
250
500
750
1000 ft
Los Angeles Railway Company
Metro Local or Limited Line
Pacific Electric Depot
Metro Rapid + Local Line
Pacific Electric Railway Company
Metro Silver Liner
Los Angeles Pacific Railroad
Metro Blue Line (Light Rail)
Freeway (Under Construction)
Metro Purple + Red Line (Heavy Rail)

Freeway, Interstate
93
250
500
750
1000 ft
STREETS
Public Transportation + Bike

Subway
Between its light rail and heavy rail systems, Los Angeles Metro Rail
has 73 miles (117 km) of rail, averaging 308,653 trips per weekday,
and accounting for approximately 1.1% of the 29 million daily trips
originating in Los Angeles County
Buses
The extensive bus system operated by LACMTA includes the Local,
Rapid, and Express services. Local buses tend to be orange, while
rapid and express buses are red. Los Angeles County averages 1.7
million bus boardings per weekday, accounting for approximately
5.9% of the 29 million daily trips originating in Los Angeles County.
Bike
Bicycling accounts for less than one percent (0.6%) of all work
commutes as of 2006.
Low percentage of use of public transportation
Only approximately 10% of people use public transportation for
their trip. This is very low compared to other major cities in the
world. LA Live is in close proximity to 2 light rail stops and multiple
bus routes, but driving and parking is still the most common way
that visitors access LA Live.
Cycling accounts for less than 1%

of all work commutes in LA.
Approximately 10% of people

use public transportation for
trips.
The Expo (blue) rail line is the
least used light rail line in metropolitan LA.
Metro Stations
Bus stops
Blue Line
Purple + Red Line
Local Route
Rapid + Local Route
Silver Liner
Bike Lane
Planned Bike Lane
94
250
500
750
1000 ft
Metro System
Bus Routes and Stops
Bike Lane
Metro Station
Local Route
Bike Lane
Blue Line
Local + Rapid Route
Planned Bike Lane
Purple + Red Line
Liner Route
Bus Stop
Metro Blue Line - Pico Station
Metro Rapid Bus
Bike Lane - Spring Street
95
DOWNTOWN DISTRICT
Edge Conditions Map
One of the most important physical conditions that can make

public spaces more lively is their edge conditions. Edge conditions,
particularly on the ground floor, determine the way people
interact with the city. What can be seen and experienced at eye
level can determine the quality of public spaces. Creating more
sophisticated, interactive, vibrant, well designed edge conditions
can help cities to have more usable streets and public spaces. For
instance fences vs. window shops are two types of edge conditions
that have drastically different effects on the quality of the public
realm. Fences are not active and create poor public space quality
and the windows offer a chance to interact with the buildings, can
spill light or activity, or sound onto the street, and generally create
a more interesting condition.
The common typology is to have a
fence surrouding a parking lot,
which contributes to the lack of active,

pedestrian-friendly streets in the district.
Fences
N
96
2500
5000 ft
BUILDINGS USE
Parks and Plazas
Public spaces should be encourage people for public interactions.

Park and plazas are important spaces in each city to create vitality.
These are places where people meet and enjoy public events. This
map shows how much spaces in south park area has dedicated to
such public spaces. Less than 2% of the area is public park, plaza, or
open space. In order to have more lively cities it is important to
how to design open public spaces, where to locate them and how
to program these places. Often these places are not used because
they suffer from the lack of program, poor design, and unsafe
conditions. In conclusion, having designed public open spaces like
parks and plazas can create lively public places for people to enjoy.
Less than 2% of the area is public

parks or plazas.
Building Footprint
Parks and Plazas
2500
97
5000 ft
250
500
750
1000 ft
f
Gr
an
dA
ve
Flo
we
rS
t
Ground Floor Street Facade Quality
Fig
ue
ro
aS
t
the buildings along several main streets around South Park. Mainly
From the density of windows and entrances, we can tell the liveliness of a
certain section of the street, and from the material quality,
y we can see the
y,
The overall length of street analyzed is 40804

Figueroa Street:
Flower Street:
Grand Ave:
e:
Pico Blvd:
d:
12th Street:
eet:
Chick Heam Ct:
11th Street:
eet:
Olympic Blvd:
d:
9th Street:
eet:
7703
6700
6800
4400
2690
1600
2700
4200
4011
9th St
Only 34% of the street facade is

transparent.
Olympic Blvd
41% of the street facade is Void.

11% of the street facade is Solid.
11th St
Chick Heam Ct
12th St
Pico Blvd
98
South Park street quality comparing to Sunset Blvd and 3rd Street in Santa Monica
South Park
Sunset Blvd
3rd Street Santa Monica
99
Transparency
Solid
Semitransparent
Transparent
Void(plaza,parking)
Brick
Aluminium
Glass
Material
Concrete
100
WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
Figueroa St.
: 7703
West Side:
19.2% is solid
50.68% is transparent windows
Figueroa Street
30.3% is void
East Side:
2.8% is solid
48.9% is void
WINDOW
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
f
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
101
WINDOW
ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE
Material
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
Material
102
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE
WINDOW
WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW
Material
T
Transparency
Map 1:500
Transparency
solid
transparent
void
Entrance
WINDOW
ENTRANCE WINDOW
WINDOW ENTRANCE
Material
103
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
250
500
750
1000 ft
f
FFlower
w St
Flower St.
: 6700
30% is Solid
2
25% is Transparent Windows

45% is Parking
Transparency Map 1:500

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW
Material
104
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
105
ENTRANCE WINDOW WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE
Flower St
N
250
500
750
1000 ft
f

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
ENTRANCE
ENT
ANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
106
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE WINDOW
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
107
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
WINDOW ENTRANCE
Material
Grand Ave
N
250
500
750
1000 ft
f
Grand Ave : 6800

20% is Solid
40% is Parking

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
108
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW
WINDOW ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
109
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Grand Ave
N
250
500
750
1000 ft
f

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
WINDOW
WINDOW
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
110
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE WINDOW
WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE
WINDOW

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE WINDOW
111
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
Material
Pico Blvd
N
250
500
750
1000 ft
f
Pico Blvd
: 4400
30% is Solid
60% is Parking
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
112
WINDOW ENTRANCE
ANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
113
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
WINDOW
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
Matterial
ial
12th St : 2690
North Side:
South Side:
6.7% is solid
29% is solid
10% is transparent windows
58.6% is void
61% is void
12th Strreet

Transparency
solid
transparent
Entrance
N
0
500
WINDOW
1000
1500
2000 ft
f
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
114
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
void
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
Material
Chick Heam Ct
N
250
500
750
1000 ft
f
Chick Heam Ct : 1600

10% is Solid
40% is open plaza

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
115
WINDOW ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
WINDOW ENTRANCE WINDOW ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
Material
250
500
750
1000 ft
f
W.11th St : 2700
20% is Solid
40% is Parking
W.11th St
ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE
Material
116
WINDOW ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE

Transparency
Solid
Transparent
Void
Entrance
ENTRANCE
WINDOW WINDOW
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
117
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOWENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCEWINDOW
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
Material
Olympic Blvd :
4200
North Side:
25.9% is Solid
22.4% is Transparent Windows
51.7% is void
South Side:
8.8% is Solid
Olympic Blvd
Bl d
44.2% is Transparent Windows

35.5% is void
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
500
1000
1500
WINDOW ENTRANCE
2000 ft
f
WINDOW ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
Material
118
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCEWINDOW
WINDOWENT
Material

Transparency
solid
transparent
Entrance
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW
WINDOW WINDOWENT
WINDOWENTRANCE
Material
119
ENTRANCE
WINDOW ENTRANCE
WINDOW
WINDOWENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
Material
9th St
: 4011
North Side:
11.1% is solid
49.2% is void
South Side:
9th Street
eet
31.2% is solid
36.5% is void
WINDOW
500
1000
1500
ENTRANCE
2000 ft
f
WINDOW
Material
120
ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTR
ENT
RANCE
WINDOW
WINDOW
ENTR
ENT
RANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ANCE
Material

Transparency
solid
transparent
Entrance
WINDOW
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
WINDOW
Material
121
ENTRANCE
WINDOW
ENTRANCE
ENTR
ENT
RANCE
PARKING SYSTEM
Distribution of Parking
3 6 6 1 1
p ark i ng s p ots
Surface Parking Garage Street Parking

Occupancy Rate
26%
of the entire sites area is

occupied by public parking.
Utilization Frequency
According to the large amount of surface parking, garages, street
parking and private parking, the parking capacity in LA downtown
is sufficient. The supply of parking spaces may even be in excess of
the demand. Even during rush hour on work days, some parking lots
still have many empty spots.
Parking for Events

In addition, the parking spaces near LA Live showed low utilization
patterns in another way. Events are held almost every day in LA Live,
however the nearby parking lots become full of cars only at the time
s that there are big events like sports games. Besides the big events,
the rest of time, parking lots near LA Live have relatively low
utilization rate.
Surface Parking is the dominant

parking type found in the district
Parking is the most

dominant singular land
use in the district.
Surface Parking
Garage
Street Parking
122
250
500
750
1000 ft
Surface Parking
1 4 9 74
p ark i ng s p ots
Garage
1 71 8 8
Street Parking
p ark i ng s p ots
4 4 4 9
p ark i ng s p ots
5
2
7
7
6
1 0
7
7
7
8
7
2
7
2
6
6
A rea O ccu pied Rate by Type
Total Parking Area: 7,258,917 SF
Parking Space Rate by Type
9.3%
Surface Parking
Garage
40.9%
73.4%
Street Parking
Surface Parking
Garage
1500
2000 ft
79.3%
of the total length of streets within

the site have street parking.
46.9%
Street Parking
17.3% of the area of the

contributing 40.9% of the public
1000
Total Parking Spot: 36,611
12.2%
17.3%
500
Surface parking lots occupy
Garage parking is the most efficient way of parking in this
entire site while

parking spaces. This means that there are 14974 surface
parking spots, approximately. The general pattern shows
that the spatial distribution of the surface parking lots
concentrate around both the central and southern parts
of the site. One group of large parking lots is in the area
surrounding LA Live, satisfying the parking demand of the
events held within LA Live. The surface parking lots which
locate in the south part have a smaller scale compared
with other places. This part is closed to the Fashion
District, a retail commercial core of LA downtown with
small scale and high density building type. Accordingly,
small retail stores also concentrate here and share similar
building types with the Fashion District, and then help to
shape vacant land for surface parking.
site. Garage buildings only occupy 9.3% of the land but
create 46.9% of the entire parking capacity, which

means 17188 parking spots, approximately. From the
garage distribution diagram, the garages are divided into
two groups: the southern part group and the northern
part group. The group in the southern area has relatively
larger scale buildings but less garages compared with the
northern one. The famous Jewelry District locates at the
north area of the site, buildings inside and near the
Jewelry District are mainly mixed-use and high density.
As a result, there is rarely land available for surface
parking. In addition, lots of office buildings locate in this
area, creating a huge demand for parking. Accordingly,
garages become the way to sove the parking issue. And
because of the existed street gird and building density,
garage buildings here have a smaller footprint than
southern group.
123
The parking spaces contributed by street parking are
12.7% of the entire parking spaces, and have nearly

4500 parking spots. However, no street parking happens
inside LA Live area. One reason is that lots of events are

held in LA Live every year. They bring huge traffic volume
during a short period. If they were to add street parking, it
would increase the possibility of traffic jams. In addition,
two streets at the southern part of LA Live connect with
the interstate. It is unwise to put street parking near the
exits of interstate.
DOWNTOWN DISTRICT
Proposed Infrastructure

The proposed Downtown L.A. Streetcar will be an approximately
4-mile urban streetcar system which would serve areas including
Bunker Hill, Grand Avenue and the Music Center, Historic
Broadway and the Historic Core, South Park, L.A. LIVE and the
L.A. Convention Center.
Bringing Back Broadway
Bringing Back Broadway is a ten-year vision and an ambitious plan
to revitalize the historic Broadway corridor between 2nd Street
and Olympic Blvd.
Park 101
Park101 proposes a visionary urban design solution to cap the
half-mile length of the 101 Hollywood Freeway in downtown Los
Angeles, and reconnect the citys historic core, north of the
freeway, with the civic, cultural, and financial cores of modern
Los Angeles to the south.
Regional Connector Transit Corridor
The purpose of the corridor is to connect the Blue and Expo
Lines to the Gold Line and Union Station. The corridor would
become part of the Los Angeles County Metro Rail System.
7th St/Metro CTR
Little Tokyo
Bring Back Broadway
2500
5000 ft
South Park
Highways
Downtown districts
Los Angeles river

Figueroa street
Proposed Streetcar Route
Bringing Broadway Back
Park 101
Regional Connector Transit
Corridor
Park 101
124
DOWNTOWN DISTRICT
Proposed Buildings
Metropolis
A mixed-use three-tower project (38, 47, and 52 stories),
which is tentatively slated to consist of up to 300,000 square
feet of retail, 836 residential units and 480 hotel rooms. It is
currently in the planning phase.
Wilshire Grand Hotel Redevelopment
A two-tower hotel and office project, is currently in the
planning phase.
L.A. Central
A two-tower residential and hotel project designed by RTKL,
which is currently in the pre-construction phase.
The Grand Avenue Project
The Grand Avenue Project

Designed by architect Frank Gehry, is a multi-phase project
on four parcels and will include a 48-story iconic hotel
tower.
Wilshire Grand Hotel Redevelopment

FIG at 7th Project
Metropolis
FIG at 7th
Be anchored by one of the nations first City Target stores,
the plan includes a $40 million redesign, renovation and
re-leasing strategy.
Farmers Field
New Convention Center
1340 Figueroa
A 43-story residential tower designed by architect Daniel
Libeskind, would replace a surface parking lot.
2500
5000 ft
South Park
Metropolis
Highways
Downtown districts
Los Angeles river
Figueroa street
Proposed Skyscraper
125
FIG at 7th
BUILDINGS
Ground Floor Program

The South Park district has a diverse program on the ground floor
level. It is really interesting that the buildings program helps to
shape the public life on the street. For example, on the map, it is
clear that the area between 5th street and 8th street has overlaps in
ground floor program such as offices, retails, residential,
recreational, civic, and hotels in one area. This helps to create the
day/night activities of the area.
The ground floor areas of the buildings used in the area of

study:
-Retail Uses = sft 3,090,558
-Mixed-use (residential/retail) = sft 765,529
-Mixed-use (office/retail) = sft 455,729
-Hotels= sft 499,706
-Institutional= sft 2,183,940
-Offices = sft 971,651
-Multi-Family= sft1,303,810
-Public Space= sft 540,860
-Entertainment= sft 647,102
-Industrial =sft 18,928
-Parking structure= sft 1,044,086
0%
9%
6%
27%
5%
11%
7%
8%
4%
4%
19%
The diagram shows the percentages of different programs on the

ground floor.
Parking Structures
Industrial Use
Public Spaces
Hotels
Commerce/ Retails
N
Office Buildings
126
250
500
750
1000 ft
GROUND FLOOR ENTRANCES

Mapping the ground floor entrances provides a clear picture of the
nodes in the city. In the South Park District, there are three different
levels of entrance density.
The area between 5th and 7th streets has the largest number of
entrances which where the Jewelry node located. Then there is the
area south of the Main street along the wholesale outlets node. The
last one is on 11th street next around the danish bakery.
In addition, the fragmented segments in the middle are the surface
parking and parking structures which consumea huge area in the
district.
1270
250
500
750
1000 ft
Retail Buildings:
Mixed Use Buildings (Office/Retail):
Mixed Use Buildings (Residential/Retail):
- Total ground floor area of the buildings = 3,090,558 sf.

- 336 Buildings
- Mainly small buildings located in the east side of the
district along the Main st.
- Total ground floor area of the buildings = 455,729 sf.

- 25 Buildings
- The main node of this type of buildings is located in the
financial district between 6th and 7th streets.

- 16 Buildings.
- This type of building is distributed around the district
and creates a number of small nodes.
128
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
Office Buildings:
Institutional Buildings:
Entertainment Buildings:
-Total ground floor area of the buildings = 971,651 sf.

- 47 Buildings.
-Total ground floor area of the buildings = 2,183,940 sf.

- 28 Buildings.

- 17 Buildings.
129
BUILDINGS: RETAIL TYPES
Restaurant, Grocery, Jewelry, Department Stores,

Apparel, and Wholesale Outlet.
In order to understand the different nodes that the retail creates,
this map categorize the retail into six main types. Restaurants,
grocery, jewelry, department stores, apparel, and wholesale outlet
are the main types that are found in south park district. The small
map shows the Jewelry node between 6th and 7th street. It also
shows the wholesale outlet node in the south part of the district
next to the Fashion district. It also shows the locations of food
facilities, which are mainly located in the area between 6th and 8th
street.
The study area has a wide range of
retail types.
Restaurants are concentrated to the
north of the district.
Wholesale outlets are councentrated

in the southeast part of the study area.
The most mixed use area of the

district is the Northwest.
LA Live/ Convention Center

Restaurants / Cafes
Jewelry
Department Stores
Groceries
Apparel
Wholesale Outlet
Neighborhood Services
130
250
500
750
1000 ft
Restaurants and Cafes
Jewelry
Grocery Markets
Neighborhood Services
Department Stores
Apparel
Wholesale Outlets
N
131
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
BUILDINGS HEIGHTS
The density of the buildings in the south park district is varied
according to the uses of the buildings. In the area between 5th
street and 7th street, most of the buildings are high-rise buildings
which reflect the program in that area, which is either office towers
or mixed-use (office/retail). The height of the buildings decreases
gradually in the southern part of the district where LA Live buildings
are located. The area between 11th street and Santa Monica Fwy is
mainly low rise buildings, which have a lack of retail.
High-rise buildings (10+ stories) are
mostly located in the north west of

South Park. The program in that area in
mainly offices.
Low-rise buildings (1-5 stories) are
located in the south east of the district.

They are mainly warehouses, institutional, and some residential.
The area along N. Broadway is mainly
mid-rise buildings (5 - 10 stories).
30+
15 - 30 stories
8 - 15 stories
3 - 7 stories
N
1 - 2 stories
132
250
500
750
1000 ft
1 to 2 stories
3 to 7 stories
15 to 30 stories
above 30 stories
133
8 to 15 stories
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
BUILDING: FOOTPRINT SIZES

Large, Medium, and Small Size
There are three standard footprint sizes in the district, large,

medium, and small sizes. The largest footprint sizes in South Park
belong to the Convention Center and LA Live buildings. Also, there
are a few large footprints in the Financial district in the north. Mid
sizes are the most common footprint size in the district; they are
distributed equally around South Park. The small size buildings are
mainly located in the wholesale outlet area in the south side of the
district. LA Live buildings are located very close to the small size
building which makes LA Live building look so huge compared to
the surrounding buildings.
LA Live and the Conference Center

buildings are the anomaly in the urban
fabric. They are larger in footprint but
also shorter height that the rest of the
study area.
The entrie district has a mix of
medium footprint buildings.
Smaller footprints are mostly
located along the eastern edge of the

district and the west side of the highway
outside the study area boundary.
Large size Buildings

Mid-size Buildings
Small size Buildings
134
250
500
750
1000 ft
Large Size Buildings:
Mid-Size Buildings:
Small Size Buildings:
- 11 Buildings.
- Mainly the convention center and LA Live buildings.
- 256 Buildings.
- Mostly located in the financial district between 5th street
and 7th street. The rest are distributed equally in the other
parts of South Park.
- 350 Buildings.
- Mostly located in the western side of South Park along
the Main st.
Med-Size
Small Size
Large Size
Benefits
- Attract a high density of
people.
Problems
- Huge comparing to
human scale.
- Mainly indoor activites.
- Less entrances in the
ground level.
- The service sides of the
buildings do not interact
with the public realm.
Benefits
- Add density to the district.
- A group of them can create
a cluster with a human scale
public area.
Problems
- Some of them are built to
the parcel edges which
leaves no room for
liveliness.
Benefits
- Match the human scale.
- Many entrances on the
ground level.
Problems
- Do not produce or
occupy high density.
135
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
Grand Ave.
Typical Buildings Footprint in South Park
240
57
158
9th st.
st.
20
310
Figueroa Street
7th
Grand Ave.
9th st.
125
Wilshire Grand Hotel is one of the large size buildings in

the district. The total area of the figure ground is 105,000
sft.
FIDM Fashion School is one of the mid-size buildings in

the district. The total area of the figure ground is 38,750
sft.
- Building width = 240

- Building length= 420

838 Building is one of the small size buildings in the

district. The total area of the figure ground is 8,505 sft.
LA Live Buildings Footprint
Nokia Theater
.
Ct
ic
Ch
Olympic
700
Regal LA Live
490
Staples Center
Blvd.
290
arn
e
kH
280
Figueroa Street
525
450
Staples Center is the main sport stadium and it is one of

the major LA Live buildings. The total area of the figure
ground is 253,900 sft.
Nokia Theater is the main performing theater and it is

one of the major LA Live buildings next to Nokia plaza. The
total area of the figure ground is 110,100 sft.
Regal LA Live is the movie theater and it is one of the

LA Live buildings. The total area of the figure ground
is 126,000 sft.



136
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
Wilshire Grand Hotel
838 Building
FIDM Fashion School
Nokia Theater
Regal LA Live
Stapless Center
Staples Center
Nokia Theater
Regal LA Live
137
LANDSCAPE
Existing Trees
The palm tree is an iconic tree for city of Los Angeles. However,
there are studies that show Los Angeles Palm trees are fading. The
city of Los Angeles has been trying to revitalize these iconic trees
with 1 million trees initiative. This map shows how vegetation in
south park Los Angeles is currently segregated. By adding more
trees to downtown, the city can be more connected to the regional
green networks. Creating more tree canopy in hot climates is one
the ways to create cool urban spaces that encourage people to
hang out in public places. Adding new activities along with the
new landscape can create more lively public spaces.
South Park and LA Live are
significantly lacking urban tree canopy,

street trees, and landscaping that
support healthy and active urban
environments.
Existing Trees
138
2500
5000 ft
LANDSCAPE
Permeable Surfaces
Less than 0.5% of the whole districts surfaces are permeable.
How does this affect the water cycle? More than 73% of the
surfaces in the area are covered by asphalt. This has a great
effect on how surface storm water gets back to the natural water
cycle in the area. The more permeable the surfaces the easier the
water can go back to its natural cycle.
Open space is also important as an urban amenity for residents
and visitors. The National Recreation & Park Association
recommends 10 acres of park and recreational space per every
1,000 people. With expected urban population growth and the
number of visitors to the district and LA Live, an increase in park
and open space should be considered in the future development
of the district.
Less than 1/2% of the district is

permeable surface.
More than 73% of the district is
asphalt.
Parks and Open Space represent
only 2% of the district.
2500
5000 ft
Permeable Surface
139
STREET CHARACTER
Spatial studies
375
N
25
50
75
140
100ft
60
197
70
357
70
156
141
SPORTS & ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT

Planning
Boundary Of Special Area Plan

The Department of City Planning in City of Los Angeles establishes
the specific plan for Los Angeles Sports and Entertainment
District(LASED) Specific Plan as a part of the General Plan - City of
Los Angeles http:\\cityplanning.lacity.org (General Plan - Specific
Plan)
The plan includes the Specific Plan Area Boundary, Specific Plan
Land Use, Prohibited Use Area, Conceptual Helistop Locations,
General Open Space Components, Eleventh Street Pedestrian Area,
and Sign Districts.
The area bounded generally by Olympic Boulevard on the north,
Flower Street on the east, Pico Boulevard on the south, and the 110
Freeway on the west, and including the area north of Olympic
Boulevard between Georgia Street and Francisco Street, as shown
on the following Map 1 within the heavy dashed lines.
Development Site
1
1A
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Health Club = 120,000 sft

Convention Center = 250,000 sft
Hotel = 1,060,000 sft; Retail = 15,000 sft
Retail = 350,000 sft
Office = 75,000 sft; Retail = 65,000 sft
Retail = 30,000 sft
Retail = 45,000 sft
Residential = 435,000; Retail = 50,000 sft
Residential = 435,000; Retail = 85,000 sft
Retail = 95,000 sft
Retail = 75,000 sft
Retail = 35,000 sft
Total: 3,750,000 sft
SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING OF LOS ANGELES CITY
142
Land Use Of Special Plan Area
143
SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS
Summary of District Analysis Findings

The district analysis revealed a number characteristics that define
findings are critical for determinging any future design initiatives for
this area.
Zones and Scale
drastic differences in
scale of buildings and blocks between
South Park and LA Live. In the LASED area, located in
The district analysis revealed
the South-West, the blocks, buildings, and street capacity is all at a

larger scale than elsewhere in the district, which reflects the
special/entertainment uses of these areas. Other areas within the
district contain more amentities for pedestrians due to their smaller
scale.
Underutilized Transit Infrastructure
Despite a number of stops and routes in the area, only
Large Footprint
Medium Footprint
Small Footprint
10%
of people take public transit in the LA Live area.
Metro Stations
Bus stops
Poor Park, Landscape, and Open Space Amenities

Several key urban amenities are lacking in the South Park district.
Public open space and parks represent

only 2% of the district footprint, a small percentage.
The district contains an unsutiable and poorly distributed tree
canopy, street trees, or landscape identity. Less than 1/2%
Blue Line
Total Ground Floor Area:

~11,521,900 sf
Purple + Red Line

Local Route
Rapid + Local Route

Silver Liner
Bike Lane
Planned Bike Lane
of the district is permeable surface. More

than 73% of the district is asphalt.
Surface Parking is a Dominant Land Use

Parking dominates the district but is most often underutilized.
79% of streets have street parking, and

26% of the district area is dedicated to
parking.
Total Parking Area:

144
~7,258,900
sf
Total Park Area:

~550,000 sf
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE WINDOW
ENTRANCE
Summary of District Analysis Findings
ENTRANCE
Poor Street Frontage

The streets in the Southpark District contain a large number of large
building setbacks, fences and blank

walls, and parking lots fronting the
street, which cause a negative pedestrian
experiences. There are concentrations of commercial uses
in certain areas, such as the Jewelry District to the northeast, which
contain a large proportion of transparent storefronts, ground floor
entrances, and small setbacks, which create a positive pedestrian
experience.
Bring Back Broadway
Park 101
Strong Mix of Uses

To its benefit, the Southpark district contains a wide variety of
commerical uses with a variety of scales

and price ranges. The financial district is home to a
variety of office buildings, the wholesale area serves the fashion

industry and fashion school. The jewelry and arts district is popular,
and of course LA Live draws large crowds for major entertainment
Parking Structures
events. The district is lacking a residential density

and doesnt have numerous neighborhood amenities.
Industrial Use
Public Spaces
Hotels
Visionary Redevelopment Projects
Commerce/ Retails
South Park and Downtown LA have a variety of new and

Office Buildings
innovative building and infrastructure

projects in development incliding the Downtown LA Streetcar,
Bring Back Broadway, Park 101, The Grand Avenue Project, and
various residential developments.
0%
9%
6%
27%
5%
11%
7%
8%
4%
4%
19%
Ground Floor Uses

145
146
SOUTHPARK & LASED : PUBLIC LIFE SURVEY

147
PUBLIC LIFE SURVEY ANALYSIS
Elements of Evidence Based Design Research

The studio sets out to understand the details of public life in South
Park and in the Los Angeles Special Entertainment District [LASED or
LA Live] with the goal of developing a strong set of factual data that
can inform their design responses. Students engaged in extensive
on-site public life surveys to gather data about how people are
using South Park and LA Live. The following techniques were used
to record pedestrian behaviors.
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS:
STATIONARY COUNTS:
To count pedestrians, students stand by an edge (such as

a building) of the street or space and ensure an
unobstructed view of all people passing by. They stand
with their back against the edge and create a counting
line by looking at an object across the space and
imagining a line running from them to that object. Each
pedestrian that crossest that line gets counted. Students
counted for 10 minutes each hour from 8am to 11pm. For
our purposes, this count also included people on bicycles.
To count pedestrians, students stand by an edge (such as

a building) of the street or space and ensure an
unobstructed view of all people passing by. They stand
with their back against the edge and create a counting
line by looking at an object across the space and
imagining a line running from them to that object. Each
pedestrian that crossest that line gets counted. Students
counted for 10 minutes each hour from 8am to 11pm. For
our purposes, this count also included people on bicycles.
Pedestrian counts provide data on how people move

around in the city. The counts give an indication of activity
levels and destinations that attract people. Pedestrian
data is also helps understanding the hierarchy of streets in
the city.
Pedestrian counts provide data on how people move

around in the city. The counts give an indication of activity
levels and destinations that attract people. Pedestrian
data is also helps understanding the hierarchy of streets in
the city.
148
ENTRY THRESHOLD COUNTS:
Adding to the traditional elements of a pubilc life survey

(pedestrian and stationary counts only), students also
counted people entering and exiting certain typical
building types. This gives an understanding of how much
foot traffic particular building types or land uses generate
and at what times of day they are most in use.
Located directly at the entrance threshold of the assigned
building or space, students spent 10 minutes each hour
counting the number of people that passed through the
threshold, either entering or exiting. The entrance
selected was located on the sidewalk, not adjacent to a
parking lot or garage.
AGE & GENDER COUNTS:
An age and gender survey can provide a picture of who

uses and moves through the city. The balance between
men and women and people of different ages, is an
indicator of the quality, safety and integration level of
public spaces.
At one location on one of the most important and active
streets in the study area, the approximate age and gender
of pedestrians was surveyed for 10 minutes each hour.
DETECTIVE DIAGRAMS:
To better understand how people navigate the district,

two students spent time following people from their
origin point to their final destination while mapping their
route through the neighborhood. This study helped us
understand how people navigate their route, what the
average walking distance is for a pedestrian in this area,
which destinations are popular, and the commonalities or
differences between pedestrians traveling in the
neighborhood.
Students stationed at a popular parking lot and at the
entrance to the Metro in the district selected an individual
exiting the lot and followed them to their final destination
and recorded their route and any stops they made along
the way. When that route was complete, they returned to
the parking lot and began again.
149
PEDESTRIAN INTERVIEWS:
Gathering specific information from people using public

spaces gives deeper insight to how and why people use
that public space. This information can paint a broader
picture of the common occurrences in that public space.
In the time remaining after the stationary counts,
students interviewed people using the public space to
find out more information about their habits in the city
including how often they visit, what their purpose is, how
they traveled to and from the destination.
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Sunday Game Day: 8 am - 6 pm - All Day

Where are people in the streets?
Cumulative Count
On a Game Day, the total pedestrian usage of streets is most
apparent in the streets surrounding L.A. Live. As one heads west
from the stadium, total daily pedestrians decreases. There is an
increase, however, on Broadway, perhaps due to its proximity to
Main Street.
Pico Boulevard is also a significant path in the district, allowing
east-west travel for pedestrians between L.A. Live, the Flower
Street metro station, and the Fashion District to the east.
Both during the day and in the evening, pedestrians traverse in an
east-west direction more than north-south (the connection to
downtown).
1560
Sunday Survey Total:
50,758 pedestrians
6876
Generally, pedestrians are travel in the

East-West direction more than they
travel in the North-South direction.
1908
1092
738
228
420
1722
2718
3012
4566
1986
5184
14
444
15
7
13
8
3534
11
9
12
10
150
250
500
750
1000 ft
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Sunday Game Day: 6 pm - 12 am - Game Time

Cumulative Count
On the evening of Game Days, the main intersections leading to
parking and metro stops are more populated. While L.A. Live does
contain nighttime activities like clubs and bars, there remains a
drastic difference from its daytime population.
In the evening, on Game Days, pedestrian movement in the
East-West direction is most prominant, whereas, the pedestrian
presence on the North-South streets diminishes from thier
numbers earlier in the day.
During game time, pedestrians are

moving mostly East-West.
318
2742
942
234
180
168
66
420
972
1098
2496
3228
178
768
960
151
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Game Day Conclusion
Cumulative Count
From the prior pages assessment of cumulative daily pedestrian
counts, we gather that the streets immediately surrounding L.A.
Live comprise about 68% of total daily pedestrian traffic in the area
(of the streets surveyed).
Figueroa between
Olympic & 9th
The Average Street

When each street, however, is averaged, one notices that the
streets North of L.A. Live are, on average, always busier than those
to L.A. Lives East, but also, are twice as busy as the average street
surrounding L.A. Live at least from 8-9 pm. This has great implications for the area connecting L.A. Live to downtown, perhaps
offering an opportunity to unify people in both locations.

Olympic & 9th
Comparison: Second Busiest Street per Zone

Percentage Daily Pedestrian Traffic by Surveyed Areas
8th Street between Figueroa & Flower
Streets North of
L.A. Live:
Streets East of L.A. Live:
10%
22%
Flower Street at Pico Station - East Side
68%
152
= 50 people
Streets Bordering L.A. Live
Streets East of L.A. Live
this area are the busiest. Even
Here the
streets are most active with pedestrian traffic between 12-1 pm, likely
The streets around L.A. Live expand and contract based

on event schedules, though on average, the streets in
Hourly Average Number of Pedestrians by Area
in the evening, the streets of this area are,

on average, x2 more crowded than
those to the east. On Sunday from
8-9pm, the streets downtown,
however were x1.5 busier than the
L.A. Live streets.
This area heads east from L.A. Live toward the Financial
District and the shops of Main Street. This area also
encompasses the Pico metro station.
due to restaurants located around Broadway and Main

Streets. The streets in this are, on average, are the least
busy of all the three zones.
Streets North of L.A. Live
These streets are among the closest to downtown L.A.

which were surveyed with pedestrian counts. When
this area is
x2 busier than the area around L.A.
Live and x4 busier than the streets
East of L.A. Live between 9 am - 12
pm.
averaged with the other two zones,
1345
327
994
204
178
888
348
840
119
671
559
168
113
261
150
443
222
427
120
271
77
144
36
75
9:00-10:00
12:00-13:00
14:00-15:00
153
16:00-17:00
18:00-19:00
20:00-21:00
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Survey Locations: North-South Travel

The character of the streets surveyed in this study vary. This, in
turn, affects the density of pedestrians observed and calculated.
The streets closer to downtown L.A. seem to be more vibrant: full
of shops, restaurants, and other amenities. This same character
exists as one heads east from the district. The streets surrounding
L.A. live often have multiple lanes, due to the proximity of highway
entrances and exists. They are also characterized by open parking
lots.
Denotes location of surveyor
7
15
21,426
154
250
500
750
1000 ft
Flower Street between Olympic & 9th

2
Hope Street between Olympic & 9th
Olive Street between Olympic & 9th
Hill Street between Olympic & 9th
Figueroa Street between Olympic & 9th
1 5
Francisco Street between Olympic & 9th
155
Grand Street between Olympic & 9th
Broadway Street between Olympic & 9th
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Survey Data by Location: North-South Travel

1 Flower St. between Olympic & 9th
Date: Sunday, January 22nd

Weather: Partly Cloudy, 50-60*F
P ed es tri ans P er H ou r
The significance of the data collected on Sunday represents activity

around L.A. Live specifically on a weekend and on an event day. In
fact, two events took place on this day, one in the afternoon and
one in the evening.
The key findings from the Sunday pedestrian count include the
significance of the direction in which pedestrians travel. Activity on
north-south streets in the area are generally busiest from about
noon until 5 pm. Flower, Figueroa, and Francisco Streets, unlike the
others in this section, also have a significant pedestrian presence in
the evening, likely due to their proximity to the clubs and restaurants within L.A. Live.
2850
534
Pedestrians all day

Pedestrians morning/
noon/evening
600
384
324
300
210
48
54
306
300
246
240
156
144
114
84
144
96
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
P ed es tri ans P er Mi nu te
T im e
12
5.4
3.5
0.9
8-9
9-10
6.4
5.1
1.4
5
2.4
1.9
1.6
2.6
2.4
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
4 Olive St. between Olympic & 9th
396
54
noon/evening
300
12
18
30
18
18
12
36
18
36
30
24
48
54
12
30
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
15
600
Pedestrians all day
156
12
6
0.3
0
8-9
9-10
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.8
0.9
0.2
0.5
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
2 Hope St. between Olympic & 9th
1326
270
3 Grand St. between Olympic & 9th
Pedestrians all day

Pedestrians morning/noon/evening
600
300
216
24
54
90
114
600
192
96
132
114
60
84
30
78
18
24
0
9-10
144
12
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
8-9
18
18
60
66
114
96
138
72
36
66
36
24
18
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
12
noon/evening
300
T im e
0.4
8-9
0.9
9-10
1.5
1.9
1.6
2.2
3.2
1.9
0.5
1.4
1.3
0.3
0.4
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
12
6
2.4
0
T im e
0.2
0.3
8-9
9-10
0.3
1.9
1.6
2.3
1.2
0.6
486
120
6 Broadway St. between Olympic & 9th
Pedestrians all day
2142
372
Pedestrians morning/noon/evening
300
18
60
54
24
48
84
24
12
36
36
18
12
8-9
0.4
0.3
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
600
60
1.1
T im e
5 Hill St. between Olympic & 9th
Pedestrians all day
0
8-9
918
114
noon/evening
600
396
300
240
30
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
Pedestrians all day
60
90
240
276
186
144
60
102
138
96
84
8-9
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
12
6
1
0
8-9
0.3
0.9
0.4
0.8
0.2
1.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.2
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
157
12
6.6
6
4
0.5
8-9
1.5
4.6
3.1
2.4
1.7
2.3
1.6
1.4
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Survey Data by Location: North-South Travel

7 Figueroa St. between Olympic & 9th

9618
2610
1500
1278
Pedestrians all day

noon/evening
1224
1194
1200
1050
900
792
768
600
516
510
456
300
432
390
354
342
204
108
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
24
21.3
20.4
19.9
17.5
18
12.8
13.2
12
8.6
7.6
8.5
5.9
6.5
7.2
5.7
3.4
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
15 Francisco St. between Olympic & 9th
3690
1176
3690
900
600
444
378
294
300
120
276
150
102
162
126
96
90
48
0
8-9
noon/evening
720
684
15
Pedestrians all day
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
4.9
6
0.8
8-9
9-10
1.7
4.6
1.6
2.5
2.1
1.5
2.7
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
158
12
7.4
6.3
T im e
11.4
12
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Survey Data by Location
600
318
300
162
2 Hope St. between Olympic & 9th

570 Pedestrians morning/noon/evening
1 Flower St. between Olympic & 9th

600
0
8-9
12-13 18-19
8-9
12-13 18-19
T im e
T im e
4 Olive St. between Olympic & 9th

3 Grand St. between Olympic & 9th

600
300
198
90
600
300
96
8-9
8-9
12-13 18-19
12-13 18-19
600
462
228
144
6 Broadway St. between Olympic & 9th

5 Hill St. between Olympic & 9th

600
426
300
264
186
0
8-9
8-9
12-13 18-19
522
300
132
186
15 Francisco St. between Olympic & 9th

7 Figueroa St. between Olympic & 9th

600
12-13 18-19
T im e
T im e
54
T im e
T im e
48
42
0
300
180
126
84
The same area of streets on Monday has a different character. This

is primarily because there was only 1 evening event taking place,
as opposed to the two events that occurred on Sunday. Since the
rain prevented us from surveying during all hours, you will see
comparisons of the same hours of both Sunday and Monday found
in red.
264
300
600
300
246
30
0
24
0
8-9
12-13 18-19
T im e
8-9
Date: Monday, January 23nd

Weather: Rainy, 50-60*F
12-13 18-19
T im e
159
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Survey Locations: East-West Travel

The streets immediately around L.A. Live are home to mostly
parking lots or low rise buildings. This area, therefore, experiences
densities based upon the usage of the parking lots, which, in turn,
is much related to the events on the campus.
Denotes location of surveyor
14
13
8
11
9
12
10
29,538
160
250
500
750
1000 ft
1 1
Flower Street at Pico Station, East Side
1 2
1 4
Pico Street between Figueroa & L.A. Live Way
161
1 0
Pico Street between Figueroa & Flower
1 3
Olympic Street between Figueroa & Flower
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
Survey Data by Location: East-West Travel

7062
2172
8 11th St. between Figueroa & Flower

1500
1200
pedestrians all day

pedestrians morning/
noon/evening
1152
1008
942
864
900
720
600
396
378
390
312
300
252
222
162
78
138
48
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
24
19.2
16.8
18
15.7
14.4
12
12
6.6
6.3
5.2
3.7
1.3
6.5
4.2
2.7 2.3
0.8
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
14
618
126
P ed es tri ans P er H r.
12 Pico Blvd. between Figueroa & L.A. Live Way

13
8
11
noon/evening
300
24
66
48
66
30
60
24
42
36
48
36
60
24
36
18
P ed es tri ans P er Mi n.
12
pedestrians all day
10
162
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
6
0.4
0
8-9
1.1
9-10
0.8
0.5
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.8
1.1
0.4
0.6
0.3
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
8142
1986

2400
pedestrians morning/noon/evening
2196
2100
noon/evening
708
1800
1500
pedestrians all day
876
900
2022
600
546
480
456
372
360
294
300
276
114
78
156
132
90
36
1152
1200
4974
1332
10 Pico Blvd. between Figueroa & Flower
pedestrians all day
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
18
900
834
14.6
756
600
426
288
300
270
192
11.8
12
4.9
6
1.9
0
72
90
60
6.2
4.6
9.1
7.6
8-9
2.2
1.5
9-10
2.6
0.6
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
48
6
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
2754
768
11 Flower St. at Pico Station - East Side

42
33.7
30
24
444
420
396
348
264
300
60
114
144
114
132
126
78
36
48
30
0
8-9
19.2
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
18
12.6
13.9
12
4.5
7.1
6
noon/evening
600
36.6
36
pedestrians all day
4.8
3.2
0.1
1.2
1.5
0.8
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
12
7.4
5.8
1
0
8-9
0.6
9-10
1.9
1.9
2.4
2.1
2.2
0.5
1.3
0.8
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
163
6.6
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS

4110 pedestrians all day
852 pedestrians morning/
13 Olympic St. between Figueroa & Flower

900
noon/evening
558
600
552
474
432
414
366
336
246
300
240
156
144
78
42
72
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
12
9.3
9.2
7.9
7.2
6.9
6.1
5.6
4.1
2.4
8-9
9-10
2.6
1.2
1.3
0.7
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
1878
450
14
13
8
noon/evening
900
600
300
198
156
150
186
180
198
156
144
90
102
11
72
66
108
72
8-9
24
10
12
pedestrians all day
18
12
164
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
T im e
3.3
8-9
2.6
2.5
3.1
3.3
1.5
2.6
2.4
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.8
1.2
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
666
600
546
300
66
510
600
444
36
12-13 18-19
8-9
T im e
600
342
300
156
11 Flower St. at Pico Station-East side
588
132
12-13 18-19
T im e
10 Pico Blvd. between Figueroa & Flower
30
0
8-9
630
On Monday, the survey of peak hour pedestrian counts showed

that the most pedestrians in this section of streets occurred in the
evenings, with the exception of 8th Street which peaked during
lunch. This can be attributed to the evening game which occurred
at L.A. Live on this day. It can be concluded from this condensed
study that weekdays are far less busy in the area than are
weeknights with events.
300
54
600
342
300
162
84
0
0
8-9
8-9
12-13 18-19
12 Pico Blvd. between Figueroa & L.A. Live Way

13 Olympic St. between Figueroa & Flower
714
138
600
300
48
24
12-13 18-19
T im e
T im e
600
486
300
198
66
30
0
0
8-9
12-13 18-19
8-9
12-13 18-19
T im e
T im e
1430
738
600
494
300
198
0
8-9
Date: Monday, January 23rd

Weather: Rainy, 50-60*F
12-13 18-19
T im e
165
STATIONARY ACTIVITY SURVEY

Conclusion
What do people do here?

As part of an estimate of the usage and role of different public spaces,
a stationary activity survey was undertaken in a selection of public
spaces. The survey records the number of people doing stationary
activities in each space. A large number of people doing stationary
activities suggest a popular and inviting public space. The images to
the right show different types of activities that were recorded.
The highest percentage of people were standing while sitting on
cafe chairs was the next highest. These two categories make up
almost 80% of the total activities. This data shows that there isnt
a diverse amount of activities going on in the spaces. Also, people
tend to sit for a longer time than they stand, so although a large
amount of people were standing it doesnt mean they were staying
for very long. Most likely they were waiting to enter restaurants and
event spaces. Overall, the LA Live area is a place of movement. To
attract people to stop and stay more than just waiting in line more
places to sit could be provided.
Sitting on Cafe Chairs
Photography Activities
Commercially Active
Sitting on Folding Chairs

Children Playing
Sitting on Benches
Physical Activities
Waiting for Transport
Lying Down
Commercially active
Phototography activities
Children playing
Physical activities
Lying down
Secondary seating
Sitting on cafchairs
Sitting on folding chairs
Sitting on benches
Waiting for transport
Standing
Secondary Seating
Standing
166
90%
60%
36%
JW Marriott Lobby
39%
Nokia Plaza
42%
30%
93%
Pico Station
20
40
60
80
Standing and sitting are the overall predominant activities,

with people standing 2x more than sitting.
Standing is predominant at the locations directly next tot he

Staples Center and sitting is predominant near retail .
Activities by Percentage (all locations)
Average Stationary Activities (per location)

150
60%
145
60
40
100
76
18.7%
1.9%
5.6%
50
50
11
Pico Station
.6%
.04% .5%
167
JW Marriott Lobby
2.6%
Nokia Plaza
2.8% 4% 2.6%
Staples Forecourt
20
100

Survey Locations
The survey records the number of activities in five different locations

in downtown Los Angeles. The survey was recorded from 8am to
10pm on a Sunday and three separate times on a Monday (8am,
12noon, and 6pm). The map to the right shows the locations that
were surveyed.
1 JW Marriott Lobby
2 Nokia Plaza
3 Staples Center Forecourt
4 Pico Station
5 Gilbert Lindsay
168
250
500
750
1000 ft
1 JW Marriott Lobby
2 Nokia Plaza
4 Pico Station
5 Gilbert Lindsay Plaza

Data
DATE: Sunday the January 22nd

TIME: 8 am to 10 pm
WEATHER: Overcast 55
748 total activities

59 sq ft per person
1 JW Marriott
100
100
3
79
62
56
54
47
Number of People
50
77
39
32
44
36
42
29
36
15
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Time
Most variety of activities
4 Pico Station
1
Number of People
50
2
3
4
1000
1500
2000 ft
10
12
12
10
14
Least variety of activities
500
27
16
Time

400 sq ft per person
170
18
14
5
17
18
10
1
19
20
22
1,152 total activities

27 sq ft per person
2 Nokia Plaza
2,019 total activities

13 sq ft per person
401
200
400
385
178
145
150
136
350
93
100
85
85
86
300
73
69
61
52
Number of People
50
38
36
250
230
10
211
0
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
200
22
Time
121
172
154
155
150
100

1,251 sq ft per person
14
14
12
1
8
18
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
10
3
17
Number of Persons
Number of People
31
43
50
50
15
3
18
19
20
21
22
28
27
21
13
4
0
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Time
Time
Standing dominates and is influenced by game times
171
20
21

Data
DATE: Monday, January 23rd

TIME: 8 am, 12 pm, and 6 pm
WEATHER: Rainy 50
1 JW Marriott Lobby
96 total activities
48
Number of People
50
Due to the fact that is was raining all day and no games took place
at the Staples center until after 6 pm there was very little activity on
Monday and the data can be assumed to be misrepresentative of a
normal Monday.
25
23
12
18
Time
10 total activities
4 Pico Station
50
Number of Persons
1
2
3
4
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
12
Time
7
3
172
13 total activities
2 Nokia Plaza
Number of Persons
50
11
2
0
12
Time
5 total activities
Number of Persons
50
1
0
12
18
Time
173
0 total activities
AGE & GENDER SURVEY

Conclusion
Who walks on Figueroa?
Age Distribution
.8%
An age and gender survey was conducted on Figueroa Street to find

out how many males and females of different age groups used the
area.
0.4%
4.5%
Age
Children (0-14 years) had the highest numbers recorded at 3pm.
This was also when the most people were counted overall. Only 3
people (above 65 years of age) total were counted. The graph to the
right shows the percentage of each age group out of all the people
recorded on Figueroa Street.
50%
44%
Gender
Men out numbered women in all age groups except people 15-30
years at 11am. There were 419 males and 281 females between the
ages of 7 and 64.
Conclusion
The survey shows that middle-aged and young people dominate
the public realm at this location. Children and the elderly are under
represented. This is important because it shows that the public
realm at this location isnt necessarily welcome to children and the
elderly. Similarly, with over 100 more males than females recorded it
can be suggested that the public realm and the activities of the area
are more appealing to males. In addition, the imbalance between
male and females can have an affect on the perceived stability and
safety of the street.
Children (0-14 years) had the highest

numbers recorded at 3pm.
Elderly (Over 64 years)

Middle-aged (30-65 years)
Young People (15-30 years)
Children (7-14 years)
Children (0-6 years)
94%
of people on Figueroa are between the ages of 15 to 65, while only 6%

of people recorded were under 15 or over 64 years old.
Gender Distribution (7-64 years)
There were 419 males and 281

females between the ages of 7 and 64.
419
281
There are more Men than Women

occupying the public space.
Male
Female
The larger number of males can make the street feel less safe.
174
AGE & GENDER SURVEY

Survey Location
LIVELINESS TITLE
Secondary Title
Body
Textand
goes
here survey was conducted on Sunday, January
The age
gender
22nd one block North of the Staples Center on Figueroa Street
between 9th and Olympic. The survey was conducted every two
hours starting at 9 am.
250
500
750
1000 ft
AGE & GENDER SURVEY

Data
These graphs show the number of male and female people of each
age group recorded at the given times.
10
0-6
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
9 am
30
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
Babies
Women
Men
0
Elderly
0-6
7-14
11 am
15-30
30-64
Over 64
1pm
176
0-6
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
60
55
50
50
45
45
40
40
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
20
20
15
15
15
15
10
10
10
10
0
0-6
3 pm
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
5 pm
0-6
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
0-6
7 pm
177
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
0
0-6
9 pm
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
WHERE
DO THRESHOLD
THEY GO? COUNTS
ENTRANCE
Entrance
SummaryThreshold DNA: L.A. Live
Spacial Pattern
64% of entry utilization within the site is concentrated in L.A. Live,
which is the most lively area in the site. 40% of the utilization
happened at Staples Center, another 40% occurred at the other
entertainment surrounding Staples Center, the left 20% of the
utilization happened at the JM Marriott Hotel.
As the peak hours of Staples Center and surrounding entertainment
are different, we can conclude that the whole activities within the
area is generated by Staples Center, and the surrounding
entertainment are capable of absorbing the pedestrian flow.
4 5 1 2
Time Pattern
Compared to the other groups, the highest concentration of entry
utilization was found in L.A.Live between 16:00 to 19:00. Before
10:00 and after 20:00, the entries of small commercial are quite
active. The entries catering to residential are lowly active for the
whole day.
e ro Ce er lo er
ar i
Relationship With Events

The usage pattern of the small commercial stores was relatively
stable and did not relate to L.A. Live, except Starbucks Coffee which
is located inside LA Live. The utilization pattern of transportation
entries showed the pedestrian flows of theses entries were affected
by the events of LA Live.
al
r o
ra
lo
ra ce
1 9 6 2
1 2 72
e al Ci ema
ai
72 6
o e
6 1 4 4
1 9 1 76
arrio
o ia la a
S a le Ce er
9 4 9 8
ar i
r o
1 0 3 8 0
ra
4 74
o e ar
ramm
ai
er
er ai me
arrio
e m
r
r
3 75 6
5 74 2
5 5 2
8 3 3 4
1 9 6 8 6
e o
ai
70 8
4 0 0 2
2 3 4
e a er
6 9 6
1 1 2 2
S a le Ce er
li e S
i eroa o el
r
arrio
l m ic
ar
3 6 0
i eroa ar i
Entry Utilization Within L.A. Live

1 9 6 9 8
S ar
ai
Co ee
o el
11%
25%
64%
L A L iv e
Ca eri
o ei e
al
Small Commercial
178
250
500
750
1000 ft
9:00 - 10:00 am
12:00-13:00 pm
14:00-15:00 pm
8%
11%
18%
32%
21%
29%
50%
60%
71%
384
192
96
18
18
378
24
390
42
48
414
246
900
48
942
50000
50000
12
282 342
90
144
186
36
78
2448
16:00-17:00 pm
18:00-19:00 pm
13%
552
740
588
20000
20000
10000
10000
55%
90
192
84
354
30000
270
90
90
240
12
954
606
36
1056
606
30
630
42
306
264
492
192
234
330
312
30
48
1302 132
40000
30000
258
48
36
84
40000
31%
75%
1386
54
3348 210
14%
6%
144
84
20:00-21:00 pm
19%
68%
270
126
54
24
492
36
984
36
24
252
54
324
474
162
19%
234
18
12
288
144
66
36
30
498
2010
90
24
48
1000~5000
500~1000
300~500
100~300
50~100
0~50
N
179
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
500 people
JW MARRIOTT
NOKIA PLAZA
JW MARRIOTT
OLYMPIC
STAPLES CENTER
REGAL CINEMA
YARD HOUSE
GRAMMY MUSEUM
Met Lofts
The Met
Metro Station
180
STARBUCKS COFFEE
FIGUEROA PARKING
Grand St & Olive PARKING
Figueroa Hotel
Ralphs
Hygge Bakery
EVO Loft
Grand Hope Park
181
ENTRANCE THRESHOLD COUNTS

L.A. Live
The general pattern shows that the time and spatial distribution of
entries utilization are not balanced in L.A. Live. The busiest entries
are the ones belonging to Staples Center and Yard House, the
busiest hours of the entries are 16:00-18:00 and 20:00-22:00.
Differences in the entries utilization
The highest concentrations of pedestrians is to be found at the main
entry of Staple Center, other concentrations of pedestrian volumes
are found at entries of Yard House and Regal Cinema, the least
concentration of pedestrians is found at Grammy Museum entry.
Inefficient operating time of the entries
Most entries in L.A Live open after 11 am and close at 11:00pm, only
the Nokia Plaza entry and Olympic entry of JW Marriott opens at
8:00am. The concentration of pedestrians after 6:00pm is much
higher than in the daytime, which means the buildings in L.A Live
are more frequently used in the night.
3
64% of all entry utilization in the

district is concentrated in LA Live.
2
40% of the utilization happened at the

Staples Center.
100
80
60
40
20
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
182
250
500
750
1000 ft
Staples Center Main Entry

S
a
1
1 9 6 8 6
e e ria
all a
JW Marriott Nokia Plaza Entry

S
all a
Grammy Museum Entry

S
a
e e ria
JW Marriott Olympic Entry

S
e e ria
a
all a
3 75 6
Yard House Entry

S
a
e e ria
all a
a
e e ria
Regal Cinema Main Entry

S
a
e e ria
183
all a
all a
184

L.A. Live
Staple Center Main Entry

The drastic change of the utilization frequency shows the entrys
highly event-oriented pattern, its underutilized during other
hours without games.
2500
2000
Yard House Entry

Yard house entry is much busier at night than during the
daytime, and the peak hours happen during dinner time and
show time.
1500
1000
500
282
Regal Cinema Entry

The irregular change of the utilization frequency is relevant to
the show time of the movies, the peak hours happen at
15:00-16:00 and 21:00-22:00.
162
5
6
JM Marriott Nokia Plaza Entry

This entry has three peaks in one day:10:00-11:00, 15:00-16:00,
21:00-22:00. The former two may have a high correlation with the
games held by Staple Center, the last one may be related to the
closing time of surrounding restaurants and bars.
2
1
S
2448
JM Marriott Olympic Entry

Compared to the entry on Nokia Plaza, this entry embraces a
stable pedestrian flow, the peak hours happen at 11:00-13:00,
which may be related to the check-out time of the hotel.
2500
2000
Grammy Museum Entry

The total pedestrian flow of this entry is low, and the busiest
hours are 14:00-17:00.
1500
1000
378
500
390
414
384
78
5
4
3
5
2
6
2500
1
2010
2000
4
1500
1000
606
492
500
306
264
60
5
6
185
250
500
750
1000 ft
Staples Center Main Entry

1
1 9 6 8 6
e e ria
all a
e e ria
all a
6 0 0 0
100
5454
90.9
5 0 0 0
80
4020
67
4 0 0 0
60
3348
55.8
3 0 0 0
2448
40.8
40
2010
33.5
2 0 0 0
1302
21.7
20
4.1
eo le er o r
eo le er mi
1 0 0 0
8.3
0
8-9
246
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
Regal Cinema Main Entry

6
T im e
498
360
6 1 4 4
20.2
2 1
17.6
1 8
1 5
13.3
12
1 2
1212
1 2 0 0
8.2
7.3
1056
1 0 0 0
6.9
798
8 0 0
5.4
6 0 0
5.1
492
414
eo le er o r
e
eo le er mi
1.9
4 0 0
438
324
270
306
2 0 0
114
Grammy Museum Entry
6 9 6
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
6
e
6 0 0
1.7
1.3
0.4
0.2
0.5
eo le er o r
3.5
eo le er mi
720
4.5
2.2
1
0.8
4 0 0
210
2 0 0
0
24
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
186
12
78
30
102
132
60
48
e e ria
all a
5 74 2
JW Marriott Nokia Plaza Entry
e e ria
all a
14.7
15
13.5
12
9.8
10.5
8.2
1 0 0 0
5.5
eo le er mi
8 0 0
5.2
4.7
8-9
2.2
1.6
eo le er o r
2.1
588
6 0 0
3.1
3
882
810
7.2
6.4
492
384
4 0 0
2 0 0
630
282
312
186
96
60
126
132
9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
Yard House Entry
8 3 3 4
24
432
330
e e ria
all a
23.3
23.1
21.1
21
18
15.7
15
11.7
12
800
5.5
5.2
702
606
546
600
eo le er o r
946
1000
7.6
6.5
eo le er mi
1266
1200
10.1
9.1
1398
1386
1400
312
400
456
390
330
200
0
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
3 75 6
JW Marriott Olympic Entry
e e ria
all a
T im e
1 5
1 2
8.8
9
1 0 0 0
6.3
5.1
4.1
eo le er mi
2.7
3
1.5
3.1
2.7
4.5
8 0 0
4.4
3.1
3.9
4.2
6 0 0
eo le er o r
5.9
2.3
187
528
378
4 0 0
2 0 0
0
90
162
186
162
306
354
246
270
264
186
234
252
138

Commercial
This group of entries is comprised of two parking lots, a small hotel,

a supermarket and two food stores. The busiest entry within this
group was the entry of the supermarket, Ralphs. There were two
entrances to Ralph's: one for pedestrian customers and the other
for the customers who drive there. The two entries showed different
patterns of the utilization of the time distribution. The two parking
lots had totally different utilization patterns. During the whole
survey time on Sunday, the usage peak hours were distributed in
different periods, and the utilization trends were opposite
accordingly.
Differences in the entries utilization frequency
The general pattern showed that the highest concentration of
pedestrians was to be found at the entrance of the supermarket. The
Starbucks Coffee which is located near Nokia Plaza and the parking
lot located in between Grand St. and Olive St., are the other two
concentrations of pedestrian volume. Hygge Bakery had the lowest
concentration of pedestrians.
1
G
1
The busiest entrance was to Ralphs
Supermarket.
4
5
P e e ria
er o r o
i ere
rie
8 0 0
70 0
6 0 0
5 0 0
4 0 0
3 0 0
2 0 0
1 0 0
0
8 -9
9 -1 0
1 0 - 1 1 1 1 - 1 2 1 2 - 1 3 1 3 - 1 4 1 4 - 1 5 1 5 - 1 6 1 6 - 1 7 1 7- 1 8 1 8 - 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 2 1 - 2 2 2 2 - 2 3
188
250
500
750
1000 ft
Parking Lot Entry on Grand St. & Olive St.

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
2 3 2 2 p ed es tri ans all d ay
ra S
li e S
r
r
Figueroa Parking Lot Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
Starbucks Coffee Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
1 2 72 p ed es tri ans all d ay
p ed es tri ans
p ed es tri ans
Ralphs Pedestrian & Elevator Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 1 8 : 0 0
1 0 3 8 0 p ed es tri ans all d ay
Figueroa Hotel Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
72 6 p ed es tri ans all d ay
189
Hygge Bakery Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
190
SU N D A Y 9 : 0 0 - 1 0 : 0 0

Commercial
474
500
400
4
Ralphs entry is the busiest one of this group. There were three peak
utilization periods of the pedestrian customers entry: 12-13:00,
15-16:00 and 19-20:00. The three concentrations corresponded with
the lunch and dinner time. 12-13:00 and 19-20:00 were after the
lunch and dinner time meanwhile 15-16:00 was in between. The
peak usage concentrations of the driving entry was 10-11:00,
14-15:00 and 16-17:00. Since driving customers have higher
mobility than pedestrian customers, they can arrive at the market
earlier after lunch and later before the lunch, accordingly. Basically,
the busy period of the market began at 9:00 am and ended around
9:00 pm. Both of the two entries shared common peak utilization:
12-13:00 and 19-20:00.
342
300
200
114
100
12
0
18
12
SU N D A Y 1 2 : 0 0 - 1 3 : 0 0
984
1000
1
2
Figueroa parking lot, given its location close to the Staples Center,
was affected by the events. Three blocks from there is another
parking lot located between Grand Ave and Olive St. The influence
of the events declined intensely but still affected this lots utilization
pattern. The evidence shows that there was higher pedestrian
volume at Grand Ave entry which was closer to the Staples Center
when compared with the entry at Olive St.
3
6
Compared with Hygge Bakery which has the least pedestrian
volume among all the survey entries, Starbucks Coffee was much
busier and was absolutely influenced by the Staples Center. The two
busy times for Starbucks Coffee, 10-11:00 and 16-17:00, were before
or in between the two sports games on Sunday.
800
600
324
400
240
144
200
24
0
36
G
1
SU N D A Y 1 8 : 0 0 - 1 9 : 0 0
1
2
4
954
1000
5
3
800
6
600
400
240
200
192
90
30
5
6
191
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
2 3 2 2
Parking Lot Entry on Grand St. & Olive

1
p ed es tri ans all d ay
1 5
1 2
T im e
9
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
4.4
4.1
3.9
4.2
2.5
2.2
1.6
0.8
0.7
8 -9
0.3
9 -1 0
2.4
0.8
1 0 -1 1
0.4
1 1 -1 2
0.4
0.1
1 2 -1 3
1 3 -1 4
1 4 -1 5
0.1
1 5 -1 6
1 6 -1 7
1
1 7- 1 8
1.8
1.5
1.5
0.8
1 8 -1 9
1 9 -2 0
Starbucks Coffee Entry

3
li e oa
r o
ra
6 0 0
3.2
P eop le p er hou r
P eop le p er m i nu te
r o
2 0 -2 1
4 0 0 2
2 1 -2 2
4 0 0
288
2 0 0
114
90
336
276
246
240
198
138
108
90
60
90
48
2 2 -2 3
15
11.9
1 0 0 0
5.7
8 0 0
6.2
6
4.3
3
T im e
4.5
3.2
2.4
3.4
8-9
4.1
5.2
9-10
P eop le p er hou r
12
3.5
2.4
1.9
72 6
480
372
342
4 0 0
258
204
2 0 0
246
312
270
192
144
210
144
114
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
Figueroa Hotel Entry
714
6 0 0
15
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
P eop le p er hou r
12
3
0.3
T im e
8-9
1.8
1.6
1.1
9-10
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.2
0.5
1.1
6 0 0
4 0 0
2 0 0
1.6
0.7
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
192
66
18
18
36
24
36
42
96
36
12
30
108
66
96
42
Figueroa Parking Lot Entry
1 2 72
15
12
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
4.5
P eop le p er hou r
5.4
4
3.4
3
1.1
0.2
T im e
8-9
0.1
9-10
0.8
0.8
0.1
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20
Ralph's Pedestrian & Elevator Entry

4
0.4
0.2
6 0 0
4 0 0
0.2
12
20-21 21-22 22-23
1 0 3 8 0
324
2 0 0
270
66
204
240
48
48
24
12
12
1 5
12.2
1 2
10.4
7.2
8.2
7.7
7.6
7.1
5.7
5.5
6
7.4
5.8
5.5
5.5
6.4
5.7
4.9
3.1
3.4
2.4
2.3
1.6
4.6
2.5
3
T im e
8.8
8 -9
9 -1 0
P eop le p er hou r
8.3
9
1 0 -1 1
1 1 -1 2
1 2 -1 3
1 3 -1 4
2.2
1 4 -1 5
1 5 -1 6
Hygge Bakery Entry
1 6 -1 7
P ed es tri an Cu s tom ers
1 2 0 0
9.5
1 7- 1 8
1 8 -1 9
1 9 -2 0
2 3 4
2 0 -2 1
2 1 -2 2
3.2
984
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
690
6 0 0
D ri v i ng Cu s tom ers
1026
954
900
954
870
762
636
630
606
474
4 0 0
306
246
2.5
342
2 0 0
0
2 2 -2 3
15
9
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
P eop le p er hou r
12
T im e
0.4
0.2
8-9
9-10
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.9
0.
6 0 0
4 0 0
2 0 0
24
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
0
193
12
48
30
36
54
18

Residential, Park, Transit
This group of entries includes three loft entries, one street park
entry and Metro station entry. Given by the different functions,
these entries showed utilization differences on both time and
spatial distribution. The busiest entry is the Metro station entrance
which showed an obvious usage peak at 11-12:00 am. The three loft
entries, shared a common usage peak between 10:00 to 11:00 am.
The utilization patters of Met Lofts and EVO Loft are more similar to
The Met.
Differences in the entries utilization frequency
The highest concentration of pedestrians was found at the Metro
station. Other concentrations of pedestrian volumes were found at
the main entrance of EVO loft and Met Lofts. The least concentration
of pedestrians was found at the Grand Hope Park.
1
The highest concentration of pedestrians was at the 7th Street Metro Sta-
tion.
The lowest number of pedestrians was

at Grand Hope Park.
3
P e e ria
er o r o
i ere
rie
8 0 0
70 0
6 0 0
5 0 0
4 0 0
3 0 0
2 0 0
1 0 0
0
8 -9
9 -1 0
1 0 -1 1
1 1 -1 2
1 2 -1 3
1 3 -1 4
1 4 -1 5
1 5 -1 6
1 6 - 1 7 1 7- 1 8
1 8 -1 9
1 9 -2 0
2 0 -2 1
2 1 -2 2
2 2 -2 3
194
250
500
750
1000 ft

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
The Grand Hope Park Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 1 8 : 0 0
The Met (Loft) Main Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
EVO Loft Main Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
195
Met Lofts Main Entry

Su nd ay 0 8 : 0 0 - 2 3 : 0 0
196
SU N D A Y 9 : 0 0 - 1 0 : 0 0

Residential, Park, Transit
474
500
400
1
The Metro station entry at the corner of 7th St and Flower St was the
busiest entry within the group. There were three peaks of utilization:
11-12:00, 16-17:00 and 20-21:00. Since pedestrian flows toward
office buildings were rare on Sunday the three peaks corresponded
to the schedule of the two sport games which were held at Staples
Center: the two games began at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and
then ended at 20:00. According to the diagram, the Metro station
kept busy from 10:00 to 19:00.
342
300
200
114
2
3
5
The entrys utilization patterns of these three lofts were different.
None of the lofts usage pattern seems be affected by the events at
the Staples Center. This can be attributed to the different building
scales: EVO loft has the largest number of units and 2-4 times larger
than the other two lofts. The pedestrian volume of EVO loft was
higher than the other two entries.
100
12
0
18
12
SU N D A Y 1 2 : 0 0 - 1 3 : 0 0
4
From the diagram, Grand Hope Park showed two utilization
concentrations: 11-12:00 and 16-17:00. The pedestrian
concentration during 11-12:00 was caused by people who had
lunch there. The periphery of the park entry was supermarket,
coffee and restaurant, it was easy for people to get food and eat
here. From 16:00 to 17:00, many mothers who lived near the park,
brought their babies and played inside the park.
984
1000
800
600
324
400
240
144
200
24
36
1
SU N D A Y 1 8 : 0 0 - 1 9 : 0 0
4
2
954
1000
3
800
600
400
240
200
192
90
30
5
6
197
500
1000
1500
2000 ft
4 5 1 2
Metro Center Flower&7th St
1 5
1 2
10.7
1 0 0 0
T im e
0
6.9
6.4
4.8
3.3
3.2
5.4
3.4
642
4.5
4.3
4.5
2.9
8 -9
9 -1 0
1 0 -1 1
1 1 -1 2
1 2 -1 3
1 3 -1 4
1 4 -1 5
1 5 -1 6
1 6 -1 7
1 7- 1 8
1 8 -1 9
70 8
Met Lofts Main Entry

3
8 0 0
5.5
1 9 -2 0
2 0 -2 1
2 1 -2 2
2 2 -2 3
6 0 0
P eop le p er hou r
6.4
384
4 0 0
414
384
288
198
2 0 0
192
324
330
204
258
270
174
270
180
1 5
1 2
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
P eop le p er hou r
3
1.1
0.3
T im e
8 -9
0
9 -1 0
1 0 -1 1
1.5
1.4
0.7
1 1 -1 2
1.3
1.5
0.3
0.5
1 6 - 1 7 1 7- 1 8
1 8 -1 9
0.5
1 2 -1 3
1 3 -1 4
1 4 -1 5
1 5 -1 6
The EVO Loft Main Entry
0.9
1 9 -2 0
1 1 2 2
0.5
2 0 -2 1
0.8
2 1 -2 2
6 0 0
4 0 0
2 0 0
0.5
0
2 2 -2 3
18
66
42
90
30
84
78
90
18
30
54
30
48
30
15
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
P eop le p er hou r
12
3.3
3
2.3
1.1
0.5
T im e
8-9
0.4
9-10
0.9
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.5
0.2
10-11 11-12
12-13 13-14
0.4
14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20
1.7
0.8
0.9
20-21 21-22 22-23
198
6 0 0
4 0 0
198
2 0 0
0
30
24
66
54
84
84
138
90
12
24
114
48
102
54
The Met (Loft) Main Entry

2
5 5 2
15
12
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
P eop le p er hou r
3
0.1
T im e
8-9
0.6
9-10
0.9
0.6
10-11 11-12
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.8
0.6
12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.5
6 0 0
4 0 0
2 0 0
0.6
0
17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23
Grand Hope Park Main Entry
4 74
36
54
48
36
24
48
48
36
42
42
30
36
30
36
1 5
1 2
9
1 0 0 0
8 0 0
1.8
0.6
T im e
0
8 -9
0.3
0.4
9 -1 0
1 0 -1 1
1 1 -1 2
0.9
0.6
0.6
1 2 -1 3
1 3 -1 4
1 4 -1 5
1
1 5 -1 6
P eop le p er hou r
1.4
0.3
1 6 -1 7
1 7- 1 8
6 0 0
4 0 0
2 0 0
36
1 8 -1 9
1 9 -2 0
2 0 -2 1
2 1 -2 2
2 2 -2 3
199
108
18
24
54
36
36
60
84
18
DETECTIVE DIAGRAMS
Where do people go from the 7th Street Metro Sation?

Sunday, January 22nd
We followed people who were getting off at 7th Street/ Metro

Center Station in the 7th/Flower NE corner on Sunday and Monday
67% of people go to the bus station

across the street.
Hotel
3190 ft
9% of people go to a residential
building. 9% of people go to a retail
store.
Metro Station
Staples Center
3650 ft
Bus Station in front of Macys:

Almost 67% of the total people
transferred to bus stations after
they got off at Metro station.
200
Hotel
2250 ft
Bus Station
510 ft
Office Building
400 ft
Bus Station
725 ft
Office Building
1435 ft
Lofts
1325 ft
Parking Lot
975 ft
Bus Station
130 ft
Lofts
780 ft
Restaurant
875 ft
Store
1725 ft
Store
1917 ft
Store
1078 ft
Bus Station
1720 ft
Store
2890 ft
Store
2135 ft
Gas Co Lofts:
One family of 3 people went
home happily in the afternoon
on Sunday.
Retail Stores in Jewelry District:

Several people went to the
Jewelry District to shop on
Sunday. They hung out around
7th Street.
JW Marriott Hotel:
One young lady with luggage
walked to this hotel quickly at
3:00 pm on Sunday.
201
Staples Center:
Two couples walked to the
Staples Center at noon before
the Clippers game.
Parking Lot:
Two men came there at noon
on Sunday to drive their cars.
DETECTIVE DIAGRAMS
Where do people go from the 7th Street Metro Station?

Monday, January 23rd
48% of people go to the bus station

across the street.
Bus Station
550 ft
Between 8 and 9AM, 70% of people

go to an office building.
Office Building
1073 ft
Overall, 29% of people go to an office

building.
Lofts
800 ft
Metro Station
202
Bus Station:
Half of the whole people who
Bus Station:
were
followed on Monday
Half of to
the four
wholebus
people
who
went
stations
were followed
on Monday
around
the Metro
Station,
went tothey
four transferred
bus stations
where
to
around the
Metroto Station,
busses
heading
their
where they transferred to
destinations.
busses heading to their
destinations.
Office Building
1515 ft
Office Building
920 ft
Office Building
1070 ft
Office Building
470 ft
Bus Station
640 ft
Bus Station
60 ft
Lofts
1275 ft
Bus Station
120 ft
Club
1277 ft
Restaurant
850 ft
Bus Station
1685 ft
City National Tower:

One business lady walked to
the City National Tower
hurriedly in the morning on
Monday even though it was
raining heavily.
Milano Lofts:
One young lady walked to this
residential building at noon. On
her way there, she bought
some snacks and drinks at
Walgreens.
Louie:
This Italian restaurant is located
on the corner of 7th Street &
Grand Avenue, 3 of the people
followed on Sunday went to
Louie for brunch and 2 people
on Monday went there for
afternoon tea.
203
LA Athletic Club:
One young man walked to this
building quickly in the
afternoon on Monday.
Paul Hastings Tower:

Two business men walked to
this high-rise building around
8:30am on Monday for work.
DETECTIVE DIAGRAMS
Where do people go from the 8th Street Car Park?

Sunday, January 22nd
69% of people go to a restaurant.

11% of people go to a school.
204
School
205
DETECTIVE DIAGRAMS
DETECTIVE
DIAGRAMS
Where do
Do people
People go
Go?from the 8th Street Car Park?
Monday, January 23rd
47% of people go to an office

building.
35% of people go to a restaurant.
206
207
PEDESTRIAN INTERVIEWS
Who uses the public space?
The following graphs are made according to data collected

through interviews.
Interviews were taken at two locations -Nokia Plaza and Pico
Station. Every interviewee was asked four questions: Where do
you live? How often do you come here? How did you get here?
What is your destination?
By analyzing these groups of data, we hope to understand what
kind of people are using these public spaces.
Location:
Time:
Nokia Plaza
Sunday Jan. 22, 2012
8:00am-10:00pm
Location:
Time:
Pico Station
Sunday Jan. 22, 2012
8:00 am -10:00 pm
Monday Jan. 23, 2012
8:00am, 12:00pm, 6:00pm
208
250
500
750
1000 ft
Nokia Plaza, the central meeting place for LA live. The

plaza is around 40,000 square feet. The plaza has hosted
many popular events.
Pico Station, on Pico Street. The station services LA metro

blue line. Trains in both directions came every ten
minutes.
Broadcast screens in Nokia Plaza. Nokia Plaza provides a

broadcast venue featuring giant LED screens. These LED
screens fill the plaza with constant sounds and lights.
Entrance to the Station. The sidewalk on Flower Street is

fenced, with gates opening at two points allowing
pedestrians to cross the rail and enter the station.
209
Seating in Nokia Plaza. The plaza has minimal seating

around its periphery. Restaurants around the plaza also
provide outdoor seating for customers.
Seating and signage in Pico Station. The station has basic

seating. One row of benches runs along the station in the
middle, providing seating for people waiting on both
sides.
Through comparing data at the two different sites, it became

obvious that different people used Nokia Plaza and Pico Station.
22 people participated in the interviews at Nokia Plaza. They all
come for events, with LA Live or Staples Center as their destination.
Over 90% of them drove, no one used the metro.
67 people participated in the interviews at Pico Station over two
days. Altogether, about 29% of them used the station daily. At the
same time, a large proportion of the people using the station were
visitors to the events at LA live and Staples Center. On Sunday, the
number of event visitors was obviously larger than Monday.
N/
A
1-2
/y
5-6
/y
1-2
/m
o
3-4
/w
5-7
/w
22 interview person
1-2
/w
1 Nokia Plaza Sunday
Summary
/ F Firs
ir st t t
tim ime
e in eve
yea r
rs
Metro
Bus
Foot
Bike
Car
91.0%
4.5%
29.0%
of the interviewees at
Nokia Plaza arrived by car.
8:00PM 1/22/2012 Sunday
Couple, 30-45
We live 50 miles away. We came here by car and parked
at a public garage on Figueroa...
We visit often... to both LA live and Staples Center.
Nokia Plaza used public
transportation.
6:30PM 1/22/2012 Sunday

Family, couple 30-45 & child
We live in Torrance. We come here for every Clippers
home game... We drove here and parked at LA live.
Pico Station use the
station daily.
8:00PM 1/22/2012 Sunday

Group of six males, 15-30
We live in Futana, its about a one hour drive from
here... Yes, we drove here for the game. We come here
about once a year.
9:50AM 1/22/2012 Sunday

Group of two males, 15-30
We are visiting from Spain. We are staying at a hotel in
LA downtown. We drove here... We came here for the
game. Its our first time here.
210
Bus
Foot
12
N/
A
/ F Firs
ir st t t
tim ime
e in eve
yea r
rs
1-2
/y
5-6
/y
1-2
/m
o
3-4
/w
5-7
/w
Metro
57 interview person
1-2
/w
2 Pico Station Sunday
1:45PM 1/22/2012 Sunday

Male, 15-30, Hispanic
I live at South Gate. I come here everyday at seven in
the morning for work. Its in that building around the
corner... I took the subway, and the bus before that.
11:45AM 1/22/2012 Sunday

Family of three (parents and a girl, parents didnt speak
English, girl translated), Hispanic
We live in West LA, on 38th St. We come here everyday
by bus and transfer to the blue line. We are going to Long
beach.
Bike
5:45PM 1/22/2012 Sunday

Couple, 30-45, White
We live in Downtown. We come to LA live about every
month or two, not only for the events, sometimes just to
hang out... We usually drive, but we took the subway
today... Our destination was LA live, now its Universalthe cinema.
Car
3:45PM 1/22/2012 Sunday

Group of two females, 30-45, African American
We live in Inglewood. We only come here for events.
Today we came for the art show... We drove to a parking
lot then took the train. Now we are heading home.
A
N/
/F
1-2
5-6
/y
/y
o
/m
1-2
/w
1-2
/w
3-4
/w
5-7
F
irst irst t
tim ime
e in eve
yea r
rs
12 interview person
3 Pico Station Monday
Metro
Bus
Foot
6:45PM 1/23/2012 Monday

Female, 15-30, Hispanic
I live at Long beach. This is a stop on my way to work, so
I come here every working day. I came here by train, and
bus before that... Now Im going home.
12:45PM 1/23/2012 Monday

Couple, 15-30, White
We are from Finland. But we are currently staying at the
Olive Hotel in Hollywood. Its our first time here. We
came here to see the downtown... We came by metro.
Now we are going back to the hotel.
12:45PM 1/23/2012 Monday

Group of two females, 30-45, African American
We live at Long beach. We come here almost once
every two months. Today we walked here. We are going
to Lemoore Station.
Bike
Car
211
212
Where do they come from?
LOCATION: Nokia Plaza

DATE:Sunday, January 22nd
TIME: 8 am to 10 pm
22 people interviewed
Location
LA metro line
1 Nokia Plaza
213
214
PEDESTRIAN INTERVIEW
Where do they come from?
LOCATION: Pico Station

DATE: Sunday, January 22nd
TIME: 8am to 10pm
TIME: 8am, 12pm, 6pm
57 people interviewed
location
LA metro line
2 Pico Station
215
1 Nokia Plaza
How do they get here?
22 interview person

TIME: 8am to 10pm
25
20 (91.0%)
20
4.5%
4.5%
15
N/A
First time ever
/ first time in years
1-2/y
5-6/y
Bike
1-2/mo
91.0%
Foot
1-2/w
Bus
3-4/w
Metro
5-7/w
Number of Persons
N/A
Car
10
Metro
Means of Transportation
216
1 (4.5%)
1 (4.5%)
Bus
Foot
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
Bike
Car
2 Pico Station
57 interview person
How do they get here?
50
45
DATE: Sunday, January 22, 2012

TIME: 8am to 10pm
45 (78.9%)
40
35
30
3.5%
3.5%
25
20
15
14.0%
10
Number of Persons
8 (14.0%)
N/A
78.9%
Car
5
2 (3.5%)
2 (3.5%)
Foot
Bike
Bike
Foot
0 (0.0%)
0
Metro
Bus
Bus
Car
Metro
3 Pico Station

WEATHER: Rainy 50
12 interview person
10
Number of Persons
8.3%
5
5 (41.7%)
4 (33.3%)
2 (16.7%)
0 (0.0%)
0
Metro
Bus
Foot
Bike
1 (8.3%)
Car
N/A
41.7%
33.3%
Car
Bike
Foot
Bus
Metro
217
16.7%
How often do they come here?

TIME: 8am to 10pm
1 Nokia Plaza
22 interview person
7
6 (27.3%)
18.2%
5 (22.7%)
22.7%
4 (18.2%)
N/A
5-6/y
Car
1-2/mo
18.2%
1-2/w
3-4/w
5-7/w
4 (18.2%)
3 (13.6%)
13.6%
Number of Persons
N/A
First time ever
1-2/y
Bike
Foot
27.3%
Bus
Metro
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
5-7/w
3-4/w
Frequency
218
0 (0%)
1-2/w
1-2/mo
5-6/y
1-2/y
First time ever

N/A
How often do they come here?
2 Pico Station

TIME: 8am to 10pm
57 interview person
20
15 (26.3%)
15
12 (21.1%)
12.3%
10
26.3%
8 (14.0%)
7 (12.3%)
N/A
First time ever
1-2/y
6 (10.5%)
5 (8.8%)
Number of Persons
4 (7.0%)
21.1%
5-6/y
10.5%
1-2/mo
1-2/w
14.0%
3-4/w
0
5-7/w
3-4/w
1-2/w
1-2/mo
5-6/y
1-2/y
5-7/w
First time ever

8.8%
7.0%
Frequency
3 Pico Station

WEATHER: Rainy 50
12 aa person
10
16.7%
Number of Persons
5 (41.7%)
2 (16.7%)
1 (8.3%)
1 (8.3%)
0
5-7/w
Frequency
3-4/w
1-2/w
N/A
First time ever
1-2/y
2 (16.7%)
1 (8.3%)
0 (0.0%)
5-6/y
1-2/mo
1-2/mo
5-6/y
1-2/y
First time ever

1-2/w
3-4/w
5-7/w
219
8.3%
41.7%
16.7%
8.3%
8.3%
Summary of Public Life Survey Findings

The public life survey revealed a number characteristics that define
findings are critical for determining any future design initiatives for
this area.
Dominant
Activities (all locations)
Dominant Activities
(all locations)
Dominant
Activities (per location)
Dominant Activities
(per location)
90%
60% 60%
JW Marriott
36%
JW Marriott Lobby
Impact of Game Day/Special Events

The public life survey confirmed the dramatic impact of special
events on numbers of pedestrians present on the streets. For the
streets surrounding LA Live numbers of pedestrians traveling
between entrances to the complex and parking facilities increases
The streets
surrounding
the
complex
had
dramatically higher levels of pedestrians
during game days, while on average the streets in South
dramatically
from
typical
levels.
39%
Nokia Plaza
30%
42%
30%
93%
Pico Station
Standing and sitting are the overall

Staples Center
predominant
activities
with
people
Standing
sitting
are the overall
predominant activities,
Standing and sitting
are the and
overall
predominant
activities,
people
standing
with people
2x
more
than
sitting.2x more than sitting.
standing
2xstanding
morewith
than
sitting
Park closest to Downtown to the north were nearly twice as active as

the streets surrounding LA Live, when lulls between games are
included in calculations.
20
40
60
80
100
Standing
is predominant
at the
locations
Standing is predominant
at the
locations directly
next
tot he directly next tot he
Staples
and sitting
predominant
near retail .
Staples Center and sitting
is Center
predominant
nearisretail
.
East-West Movement
While the majority of blocks have primary entrances on the long
there is
more pedestrian movement east and
west along the short sides which lack entrances, known as the B
side running north and south, Known as the A sides,
Figueroa between
Olympic & 9th
sides. This could suggest a few things, for example: that long block
deter pedestrian movement, or that there are more destinations to
the east and west of the district than there are north and south.

Olympic & 9th
Stationary Activities
drammatic nead for

adequate places for sitting, especially in
the areas surrounding LA Live. Overall,
The survey illustrated a
Streets North of
L.A. Live:
standing composes 60% of the stationary activities, but outside LA

Live, standing composes 90% or more of activities, especially during
game times. The lack of resting areas within the plazas make them
transient places that limit the amount of

liveliness and interaction that can happen there. JW Marriott
Lobby has the widest diveristy of acitivty. The Staples
Center Forecourt has the most activity and
is the most occupied. Pico Station has the least
activity of all spaces surveyed.
Streets East of
L.A. Live:
10%
22%
68%
Percentage Daily Pedestrian

Traffic by Surveyed Areas
29,538
220
21,426
4.5%
Summary of Public Life Survey Findings
4.5%
N/A
Car
Gender Differential
The survey found that throughout the district there was a
Bike
Foot
greater percentage of Males in all public spaces.
Bus
This differential was increased during game times and special

events at LA Live.
Metro
91.0%
Prevalence of Automobile
Through surveys students determined that a high percentage,
50
How did you get here?
over 90% of people in the district use a

car for all transportation needs, frequently
travelling from destinations across the wider region. The work by
the students in the detective role reveals that a high percentage of
those that do use public transportation must connect to their final
destination via a bus, or often walk over 1,000 feet to arrive at their
destination.
45
40
Entrance usage varies

Because The Staples Center has the greatest capacity and was
hosting a large event, it had the most people passing through the
The
pedestrian
movement
generated by this event did not have a
great impact on other commercial and
residential uses surrounding LA Live, so we
understand that the events of LA Live do not
bring foot traffic to other buildings, they
entrance.
35
30
4 5 1 2
25
ar i
al
r o
ra
lo
1 9 6 2
1 2 72
e al Ci ema
ai
o e
72 6
arrio
6 1 4 4
o ia la a
S a le Ce er
1 0 3 8 0
ra
4 74
li e S
o e ar
ramm
ai
e m
r
r
3 75 6
5 74 2
5 5 2
8 3 3 4
1 9 6 8 6
e o
ai
70 8
4 0 0 2
2 3 4
e a er
6 9 6
1 1 2 2
15
r o
i eroa o el
r
arrio
l m ic
ar
ar i
i eroa ar i
20
3 6 0
S ar
10
ai
Co ee
11%
25%
64%
5
5 pm
0-6
7-14
15-30
30-64
Over 64
i e
Ca eri
o ei e
Small Commercial
221
al
only contribute to activity on the streets and to buildings contained

within LASED.
DESIGN PROJECTS
Selected Student Final Projects
Following the District Analysis and Pubilc Life Survey, students completed final vision, district, and detail design projects. These are six samples of their work:
L.A. Live
[nei
=
=
30,000 visitors daily (average)
REET FOR SOUTH PARK
south park
29,538 pedestrians trav

on game day, of s
DISTRICT STRATEGY
=
=
>
neighborhood
elements
OU LI
ghboring nuclei]
4,797 population;
nearly 1/6 of L.A. Lives average daily visitors
7,877 people/s
density o
Linda Levin
eets

Lighting From
Indoor Spaces
Lighting For
Pedestrain
Lighting For
Bus Stop
Lighting For Automobiles
vision: to connect
south park.
2012
streetcar route
shared streets
bike infrastructure
downtown l.a.
of the 45,518 re
57% of the reside
Lighting From
Indoor Spaces
Lighting For
Bike Lane
Lighting For
Pedestrain
Basic lighting requirement
Lighting For the

Public Spaces
Entertainment lighting
v
density of Chicago
2050

density of N.Y.C.
of the 50
only 24% of
l+Residential)
Threshold
Important Threshold
eet
Garage
Pedestrian
Path to the
garage
Transparent
Street Facade
Automobile lanes
Bus
Stop
Bike Bike
Transparent
ParLane king Street Facade
Pedestrian
Path to the
garage
Garage
Alley( Car path

to the garage)
ntown,
owntown
who work in DTLA,

ually live downtown
Times Square West

Building from the capacity of people that LA Live generates,
Kes idea is to create a district with a great density of
entertainment and exciting activities that spill out from
buildings to create an exciting district that rivals Times
Square. Her district strategies involves innovative building
facades, transparent street fronts, additional outdoor public
spaces, a multifunctional central plaza, and a great avenue to
link them all.
M
Alley( Car path

to the garage)
Safety and Light

Drawing on her experiences during the survey, You developed a strategy to create a district that was lively and inhabited 24 hours a day. Her strategy includes adding lighting
facilities to improve safety of the public space, adding new
buildings to fill vacant land area, adding new public spaces in
order to provide more opportunities for public interaction,
and adding ground floor retail to increase nighttime activites.
= 5,000 people
Her proposal included specific ideas about building form and

adaptive reuse to increase the openness to the street,
lightinging and eyes on the street, ground floor access,
lighting, and activity. Streetscape design is particular to
building use and changes throughout the district according
to the type of street. Public spaces are programmed for day
and night actitives with special lighting features to encourage nighttime activity.
Water and the Public Realm

Understanding the water challenges for a city so heavily
dominated by cars and car infrastructure (roads, highways,
parking lots, etc.) and a downtown neighborhood struggling
with open space, liveliness, and vacancy; Ian took on the
urban systems related to water as a challenge and an asset to
create a lively district around LA Live.
commercial
office buildings
His strategy involved creating a variety of typologies for

streets, spaces and buildings that use rain water in sustainable but active ways to enliven the pubilc realm with a
system that is usually relegated to underground management systems.
222
surface parking

existing bus stops
entertainment
hotels
parks/plazas
surface parking
comme
office b
institut
parking
industr
7TH @ FIG MALL

METROPOLIS
ighboring nuclei]
M
M
2012
vision: to connect
south park.

streetcar route
bike infrastructure
M
11 TH STREET
OLYMPIC PLACE
12 TH STREET
(n-s) fi
(e-w)
12.5 STREET
PICO STREET
According to studies conducted by the Harved School on their Innovation lab, the best
environments for generating and sustaining an innovative captial are places that have

density of Chicago
shared streets
11 .5 STREET
FIGUEROA STREET
square mile
of L.A.
neighborhood elements
FARMERS FIELD
Linda Levin
velled on N-S streets

streets survyed
L.A CENTRAL
2050

density of N.Y.C.
PICO PLACE
neighborhood locations
FIGUEROA
CORRIDOR
three
distint spatial qualities Axonometric View
a. HYPER COLLABORATIVE SPACES

b. RETREAT SPACES
c. HIDEAWAYs
At the present time, there is no foundation for the creation of these spatial qualities within
the fabric of the city in downtown Los Angeles
AC T IVE E N VIRO N M E N TS T HAT SUP P O R T

E N T R E P R E N E UR A L AC T IVIT Y
n01
(n-s) broadway -main
(e-w) 7th - 4th
FESTIVE SPACES
Visibility , opportunity
M
new PUBLIC SPACE
SHARED street
new PUBLIC SPACE
SHARED street
SHARED street
esidents of downtown,
ents also work downtown
n02
office buildings
12th street
11th street
olympic blvd.
9th street
8th street
7th street
6th street
4th street
HYPER COLLABORATIVE ZONES

Social Engagement
commercial
RETREAT AREAS
structured thought / observation
surface parking
10 minute walk between

neighborhoods
00,000 people who work in DTLA,

f employees actually live downtown
olympic blvd.

existing bus stops
= 5,000 people
shared street
n03
L.A. Live Future Development
pico blvd.
Section b
main street
spring street
s. broadway
hill street
1. To create an anchor through place-making for the innovative and entrepreneural

economy in South Park
2. To create a range of spatial conditions that allow for various interfaces with the public
realm and generates a rich patchwork of urban spaces
3. To project this diverse quality as a compelling image for South Park, co-existing and
contrasting with the big urban economy of leisure and entertainment
olive street
The goals, therefore, in reshaping the downtown space of South Park are :
grand avenue
hope street
flower street
figueroa street
GRADATION IN PUBLIC INTERACTION VS PERSONAL SPACE
GOALS
commercial/retail
office buildings
institutional
parking building
industrial
SPAT IA L Q UA L IT IE S TO F O ST E R
A N IN N OVAT IVE E CO N O M Y
HIDEAWAYS
Reflection
(n-s) olive -main

(e-w) pico - 11th
entertainment
hotels
parks/plazas
surface parking
SHARED street
n04
Unique Corridors
Mohammed created a plan to de-centralize the parking
system to guide pedestrian flows in the district along 3
distinct corridors that offer different experiences and
different set of amenities. Multi-use buidings and open
spaces are created to encourage 24 hour use and the district
is linked by these corridors to make it more friendly for
pedestrians, cyclists, transit, and cars.
grand avenue
hope street
Economic and Innovation Hub

Building on the possibilities for large and small scale developSection c
ment in South Park, Shruti developed a system
for supporting
large and small scale pubilc spaces and buildings that will
offer various spaces for job, housing, commercial and other
kinds of development, particularly focused around entrepeneurial economies.
flower street
main st.
s. broadway
grand ave.
figueroa st.
(e-w) 15th - pico
figueroa street
ercial/retail
buildings
tional
g building
rial
5th street
7th st.
(n-s) hill -main

(e-w) olympic - 8th
n05
(e-w) olympic - 8th
(n-s) fig
(e-w)
Section a
Various scales of public spaces accomodate different social

interactions that allow for a mix of events to happen in public
rather than in private. The small scale development and
alarge scale developemtn like LA Live are contrasted and
mixed within the district to create a vibrant and textured city.
223
Urban Neighborhoods
Noticing the opportunity to create distinct neighborhoods
with appropriately scale public spaces, Linda focused on
aligning various transpotation types - public transit, bikes,
cars, walking - with various new core neighborhoods. Each
neighborhood capitalizes on its most appropriate transportation system which, along with properly scaled and
programmed buildings, creates 5 distinct places within
downtown LA. Each creates new life on the street, with clever
streetscapes and public spaces that support a vibrant urban
lifestyle.

Los Angeles - The Lively City

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Los Angeles - The Lively City

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THE LIVELY CITY : LOS ANGELES

Studying Pedestrian Life in the Worlds most Auto-Centric Metropolis

The Lively City Studio

LOS ANGELES: URBAN PROFILE

AEG & LASED: PROFILE & MORPHOLOGY

SOUTHPARK & LASED: DISTRICT ANALYSIS

Global Presence of AEG

History of South Park Morphology

SOUTHPARK & LASED: PUBLIC LIFE SURVEY

Student tutorial and introducion

Public Life Survey

Students travel to LA and conduct

District Strategy Plan

Understanding the Importance of Liveliness

THE ENDEMIC PROBLEM

Search for Urban Quality & Liveliness

Bike event at Staples Center

Bike event downtown LA

Night event downtown LA

Evo Lofts South Park

Grand Hope Park looking toward downtown

Evo Lofts South Park

The City of Los Angeles: Downtown Los Angeles/Central City

Population: 3,792,621 (2nd largest city in

Density: 8,092 people per square mile

44 Miles Long, 29 Miles across

LA is both flat and hilly, with the highest point at

The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are the

In 2008, LA was the second most

South Park & LASED in Context

Downtown Los Angeles: South Park and LASED

Downtown LA is 5.3 square miles with a population of

PUBLIC LIFE | PUBLIC SPACE METHODOLOGY

LA River is a concrete channel that flows

Between 2006 and 2008, with the adaptive-reuse ordinance in full

250 events and nearly

Downtown had its hey-day in the 1920s and 30s, with a

South Park is home to the first 2 condo buildings in California to

GLOBAL PRESENCE OF AEG

AEG is one of the leading sports and entertainment presenters in

Cities with AEG projects

AEG Worldwide Comparison Study

American Airlines Arena: Miami, Florida

SunCorp Stadium: Brisbane, Australia

Los Angeles, California

Kuala Lampur Convention Center: Malaysia

Ahoy Rotterdam The Netherlands

304 events in total

in 2011, LA Live hosted 304 events.

There are ten types of entertainment events in LA live, as charities,

Concerts Special Events Grammy

Some LA Live events are as:

Awards LA Lakers Games Fan Fair Events

X Games Outdoor Art Fairs

World Touring Circus Grammy Lectures and

Large arenas and convention

Event venues are often utilized to

Urban Renewal Catalyst

When a city is looking to attract

SOURCE: LALIVE.COM.2011 EVENTS CALENDAR

Summary of Significant Findings

The district analysis revealed

the South-West, the blocks, buildings, and street capacity is all at a

of people take public transit in the LA Live area.