Classification Of Pipe Selection, Depth Of Cover And Bedding

Existing water pipe size from the main road

0.75 meter

Suggested materials for selection of pipe

Ductile Iron

Selection of pipe materials based on laying conditions

Justification of selection of pipe
:Based on the information given, we discovered
that the type of soil at the proposed area of development is non-corrosive soil. The
relationship between type of soil and pipe material needs to be studied carefully as
we understand that pipes are being installed will be functioning at least 10 to 15
years. From the Uniform Technical Guideline, the joints of Ductile Iron pipes shall
be push-in type complete with or without tie bars depending on site conditions .
Proposed depth of cover (Based on SYABAS) :1 meter

Information extracted from the guideline as it matches the development criteria.

According to pipeline designers from Pure Technologies UK, ductile iron pipes are
commonly known as pressure pipe where this material is proven to be a better pipe
material as compared to plastics pipe. Ductile iron pipes are stronger and more
fracture resistant.

Different sizes and shapes of ductile pipes and joints available in the market

Additional information required for calculation form the guideline

Based on the
pipe size give, recommended valve size selection from the guideline
Justification on valve selection : Since the diameter of pipes is less than 400mm,
therefore, all isolating valves shall be of the flanged ended sluice type of pipe. For
external reticulation network systems, isolating valves shall be provided at all
junctions/ branches of pipelines. Isolating valves are to be judiciously placed within
the external reticulation system in order to segregate the system into smaller zones
for a number of purposes including achieving greater control over the distribution of
water; for leakage detection and control purposes; for water quality monitoring; and
for containment of a problem (such as pipe breakages) to small areas of the system
so that supply to the entire network system is not compromise.
Bedding details
:The trench above the pipe shall be well compacted with
suitable backfill materials, and all pipes shall be able to withstand the expected
design traffic loads taking into consideration the standard of pipe bedding selected.
As suggested, water pipes shall not be laid below sewers. A minimum vertical
clearance shall be provided between the crown of a sewer pipe and the bottom of a
water pipe. The horizontal clearance between sewer and water pipelines shall be
3.0m where water pipes shall be installed on the opposite side of road carriageways
or shoulders in relation to sewers installed along the same road. The pipes shall be
laid a minimum of 600mm away from any other utilities and also from drains. All
pipes shall be laid at locations which are readily accessible for carrying out
maintenance works, and where the repair and rehabilitation works can be carried
out economically. Pipelines shall not be laid beneath a road pavement, it is
preferable to be laid within a utility reserve where the minimum width of 5 meters
(10).

Types of bedding suggested to construct for the proposed development.

Illustration bedding of pipeline system

Suggested bedding

Proposed distance between pipes

type 5
:

3 meters

Besides understanding the classification of pipes and study about the bedding
details, we do have to consider in constructing whether or not to have a water
sampling station. Since the number of connections is less that 300, we do not have
install water sampling station.

Classification on number of connections with water sampling stations

DISCUSSION
In our design, we have two flow cases: peak flow and average flow + fire flow. The
water is initially flow from reservoir located at 100.84m in reduced level to the
water tank in the development area with reduced level of 74m. Since our
development is at reduced level of 54m, thus the water tank need to be design at a
higher level to supply adequate water pressure to the housing area by gravity.
Therefore, the water tank is design to be 20m elevated from the ground level. From
the water tank, the water will distribute to the housing area based on their local
demand.
The local demand of each house, day school, surau,and wet market was calculated
and taking in for the consideration before we design the whole second
reticulation system. For both the cases, the head in the system was range from
100.40 to 100.84m. The nearer the house to the water tank, the higher the head at
that house. This is due to the head loss in the system cause by the frictional loss,
fitting loss and gravitational loss.
The total water demand is 4.508 LPS. For peak flow case, the total water demand in
the system is 11.270 LPS. Therefore, 11.720 LPS of flow will distribute out from the
tank. 0.112 LPS of flow will go to the surau and 0.347 LPS to school and 0.299 LPS
to wet market. The rest of the flow, will go to each of the housing section based on
the demand and number of house in a row. While for the average flow + fire flow
case, total water demand is 23.508 LPS. From the water tank, 0.280 LPS will go to
surau, 0.87 to school ,and 0.747 to wet market while the rest to the houses.