Nowdays, The first and continuing challenge that have been happen in indonesia is food

security, or how to produce and ensure access to enough food to feed the still growing
population. Food security is a necessary, these condition for the well-being of a society. Recent
archeological evidence demonstrates that ancient civilizations rose and fell based on their ability
to maintain a secure, stable food supply. Conceptually, the problem of food security has been
with us at least since long time ago. Food security is viewed broadly to include at least three
important dimensions : availability, adequacy and accessibility. Availability refers to terms of
sufficient production. Availability should encompass the concept of food suffiency to sustain
human life implies that food production and supply are dependable in the face of possible
production shortages due to general causes such as climatic changes, natural disasters and civil
disturbance. In addition, availability concerns go beyond the immediate feeding of the population
to include issues of natural resource preservation, regeneration and sustainability for future
generations. Consequently, embedded in this concept is concern for long term ecological balance
of natural systems. Food security requires that concerted attention be given to conservation and
enhancement of the natural resource base for food production. The dimension of adequacy refers
to differing nutritional needs of various segment of the population. It can be conceptualized in
terms of balanced diets and having a variety of foods throughout the year. Also, an adequate food
supply must include concern for the long term health effects of continuous, and largely
unmonitored, change in types and supply of food available to a population. A third essential
element in food security is accessibility. It encompasses not only transportation and marketing
but also the means by which food is acquired Food security or self-sufficiency.
The Indonesian government is ramping up efforts to become food-secure through rice
self-sufficiency and plans to greatly increase investments in agriculture. A strategic national
target is to increase rice production by 200 kilograms per hectare every year. Historically, rice
has been the countrys number one staple food with most Indonesians depending on rice for as
much as 80 percent of their caloric intake. But as Indonesians eat more rice, our children
continue to suffer from chronic malnutrition, with 8.4 million children or 37.2 percent of
children under 5 experiencing stunted development. Between 2010 and 2013, the prevalence of
stunted growth increased from 35.6 to 37.2 percent; an alarming figure given the conditions
lifelong consequences.

But this program has weakness, th weakenesses of food security programs in Indonesia
are: too much focus on rice production but not on farmers incomes and the dominance role of the
government that leaves little opportunity for people to develop food security initiatives based on local
resources. The Ministry of Agriculture reported in 2012 that rice consumption in Indonesia was still
around 316 grams per capita per day, considerably larger than the target of 275 grams per capita per
day. The demand for rice is still very huge, amounting to 2.7 to 2.8 million tons per month. Meanwhile
the consumption of tubers is still considerably low, only at 40 grams from the target of 100 grams per
capita. But rice production has been rather stagnant over the last 10 years. The Central Statistics Agency
(BPS) reported that rice-harvesting areas increased from 11.53 million hectares in 2002 to 13.35 million
ha in 2012, while rice production rose from 51.49 million tons (unhusked) in 2002 to 59.04 million tons
in 2012. Rice production is concentrated in a few provinces in Java, accounting for over 50 percent of
national production. The other provinces that contribute above 5 percent to total production are South
Sulawesi (7.1 percent), North Sumatra (5.4 percent) and South Sumatra (5.0 percent).