Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Type
Azidothymidine (AZT)
thymidine analog
gets phoshorylated to
nucleoside; lacks 3' OH
Didanosine
adenosine analog
gets phoshorylated to
nucleoside; lacks 3' OH
open chain struc instead of
pentose ring, causing
Acyclovir
guanine analog
termination of DNA
rpln; converted to acyclovir
triphosphate by thymidine
kinase
Tenofovir
AMP analog
deoxycytidine analog
deoxyadenosine analog
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine "Decitabine"
cytidine analog
5-azacytidine
cytidine analog
5-fluorouracil - THYMINE
uracil analog
converted to FdUMP;
inhibits syn of thymine
nucleotides
azathioprine - ORGAN
purine analog
allopurinol - GOUT
purine analog
purine (nucleoside)
ciprofloxacin
quinolone
nalidixic acid
quinolone
novobiocin
coumarin
camptothecin
n/a
etoposide
n/a
prevents topoisomerase II
from re-ligating DNA;
apoptosis
actinomycin D
rifampin
alpha-amanitin MUSHROOM
toxin
diptheria toxin
bacterial exotoxin
inactivates EF-2;
disrupts translocation of
mRNA
streptomycin - 30
Streptomyces strain;
aminoglycoside
tetracycline - ELONGATION
70
erythromycin TRANSLOCATION - 70
chloramphenicol - PEPTIDYL
TRANSFERASE
cycloheximide - PEPTIDYL
TRANSFERASE
macrolide struc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
puromycin
aminoacyl-tRNA structural
analog
Rotenone
Complex I of ETC
Piericidin A
Complex I of ETC
Amytal
Complex I of ETC
Antimycin A
CO
Complex IV of ETC
Azide
Complex IV of ETC
Hydrogen Sulphide
Complex IV of ETC
Cyanide
Complex IV of ETC
Oligomycin
Complex V of ETC
Atractyloside
Bongkrekic Acid
Inhibitit NADH
Dehydrogenase
Inhibitit NADH
Dehydrogenase
Inhibitit NADH
Dehydrogenase
Inhibits cytochrome B of
Cytochrome Reductase
DNP
Uncoupler of ox phos
Aspirin
Uncoupler of ox phos
Thermogenin (UCP)
Uncoupler of ox phos
Valinomycin (ionophore)
Gramicidin (ionophore)
Targets prok/euk?
Inhibited Enzyme
prok
DNA rpln
prok
DNA rpln
prok
DNApol, viral
DNA rpln
prok
DNA rpln
euk
DNApol
DNA rpln
euk
DNApol
DNA rpln
euk
DNA methyltransferase
euk
DNA methyltransferase
euk
thymidylate kinase
DNA rpln
euk
DNA rpln
euk
xanthine oxidase
purine synthesis
euk
n/a
n/a
prok
prok
DNA rpln
prok
euk
topoisomerase I
euk
topoisomerase II
DNA rpln
prok + euk
RNApol
prok
RNApol
DNA txn
euk
RNApol II
DNA txn
euk
GTPase
prok
n/a
prok
70S ribosome
prok
70S ribosome
prok
peptidyl transferase
euk
peptidyl transferase
prok + euk
aminoacyl-tRNA
insecticide
bacterial antibiotic
antibiotic
is a streptomyces antibiotic
toxic glycoside from a plant has sugar and noncarb
element
respiratory toxin - produced in
coconuts
is a streptomyces antibiotic
Applications
Notes
gout treatment
treat supraventricular
tachycardia; sleep regulation
(high: awake, low: asleep)
used for respiratory, UTI,
anthrax
anti-cancer
anti-cancer
anti-cancer
tuberculosis treatment
rifamycin family
mRNA translocation by
GTPase blocked
antibiotic
antibiotic
antibiotic
meningitis treatment
lab tool
no clinical use
Type/Name
Type 0
Glycogen Synthase
Liver
Type 1 - Van
Gierkes's
G6Phosphatase deficiency
Liver
Type 2 - Pompe's
Disease
Type 3 - Cori's or
Forbe's (Limit
Dextrinosis)
-1,6 glucosidase
debranching enzyme
deficiency
Type 4 Andersen's
Disease
Absence of branching
enzyme glucosyl 4:6
transferase
liver, muscle
skeletal muscle
Type 6 - Her's
Disease
liver
Type 8
deficiency of liver
phosphorylase
deficiency of liver
phophorylase kinase
liver, muscle
Manifestations
hypoglycemia, early death,
hyperketonia
liver cells & renal tubule cells
loaded w/glycogen.
Hypoglycemia, ketosis,
hyperlipidemia. Kidney failure
& thrombocyte dysfunction
Accumulation of glycogen in
lysosomes. Infantile form =
death by 2; Juvenile form =
myopathy; Adult form =
muscular dystrophyesque
Accumulation of a
characteristic branched
polysaccharide. Infant
hepatomegaly, myopathy
Accumulation of a
polysaccharide having few
branch points. Hepatomegaly,
cirrhosis. Death due to cardiac
or liver failure in 1st year of
life
Diminshed exercise tolerance.
Muscles have high glycogen
content, little or no lactate in
blood after exercise. Cramps,
pain, myoglobinuria
High glycogen in liver.
Hepatomegaly, mild
hypooglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, ketosis.
Improves w/age
like 6
Disease
Chagas
Leishmaniasis
Editing Glutamate Receptor in Brain
RNA Editing in Mammals
B-Thalasemmia
Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
Alzheimers
Mad Cow
Creutzfeld-Jacob
Scrapie
Cholera & E.Coli
Pertussis
Leigh Disease
Lactic Acidosis
Hypoglycemia
Essential Fructosuria
Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
Diabetes Mellitus
Classical Galactosemia
Non-Classical Galactosemia
Korsakoff/Wetberi berri
hereditary mitochondrial diseases
Lebers
Kearns-Sayre
MELAS
MERRF
ETC disorders
Prion disease
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS)
MO
RNA Editing via Guide RNA/Complex
RNA Editing via Guide RNA/Complex
Glutamine to Arginine in mRNA altering Ca2+ permeability via Adenosine Deaminase
Apo-B Gene; Cytidine Deaminase enters a stop codon (B-100-liver; B-48-Intestine)
Mutations in Globin gene causing additional splice sites w/in mRNA
Mutation in Calpain 3 gene generating new splice site at 16 = defective protein
Produce antibodies that react with U1 RNA component of splicosome
Diseased proteins stable; accumulate; damage brain
Brain develops holes from Prions which contain no nucleic acid; alter PrPc-->PrPsc via beta sh
Brain develops holes from Prions which contain no nucleic acid; alter PrPc-->PrPsc via beta sh
Brain develops holes from Prions which contain no nucleic acid; alter PrPc-->PrPsc via beta sh
ADP-ribosylate Galpha causing the inactivation of GTPase in Adynylate Cyclase
same as above just for Gi
Pyruvate DH deficiency-->Lactic Acidosis
Occursincreased NADH/NAD+, Thiamine deficiency -> decreased PDH; defect in gluconeo, d
due to UNRIPE ACKEE FRUIT-->inhibits beta-oxidation which doesn't produce acetylDeficiency in Fructokinase-->fructose excreted in urine; asymptomatic and abnormal dipstick
Deficiency in Aldolase Bstuck w/increased F-1-Ptrapping pi, inhibiting gluconeogenesi & g
high blood glucose-->sorbitol via aldosase reductase; can cause cataracts
high blood galactose-->galactitol via aldosase reductase; can cause cataracts; deficiency in G
deficiency in galactokinase
thiamine deficiencys-->ataxia, memory loss, cerebral hemorrhage
iseases
defect in NADH Dehydrogenase (COMPLEX I OF ETC)-->blindness
Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like
Myoclonic epiplepsy, ragged red fibers
Organism
Trypanosome
Leishmania
1-P URIDYL TRANSFERASE; stuck w/increased G-1-Ptrapping pi, inhibiting gluconeogenesis & glycogen
is enzyme deficiency
Diseases
Guillain Barre
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson's
Myasthenia Gravis
Hirschsprung
Barret's Esophagus
Pernicious Anemia
Peptic Ulcer
Celiac Disease
Acute Apendicitis
Tay-Sachs
Zellweger Syndrome
Rickets/Osteomalacia
Vitamin A
Osteoarthritis
Osteopetrosis
OI
Osteoporosis
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Chromatolysis
wallerian degeneration
MO
Schwann's destroyed via large accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages & plasma cells in Axon nerve fibers
Myelin detached from axon and destroyed; destruction of Oligodendrocytes
Loss of Dopamine secreting cells in Substantia Nigra & Basal Ganglia; Increase in Glial cells; Presence of Lewy B
Autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors; extra occular muscles usually first to go
Congenital MEGA COLON at RECTOSIGMOIDAL JNX; mutations in 1-4 genes
Metaplasia in cells of lower via acidic damage from stomach; Stratified Squamous--> Simple Columnar
Loss of Parietal Cells --> inadequate Intrinsic Factor --> Vitamin B12 not absorbed in Ileum
Destruction of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis via helicobacterium pylori --> scar tissue
Loss of Villus in small intestine; malabsorption
Early - Ulceration of Mucosa; Pus within lumen; vague abdominal pain
Late - Necrosis of muscularis; perforation-->Peritonitis; pus in peritoneal cavity-->septicemia, shock, death
lysosomal storage deficiencies-->accumulation of undigested substrate in lysosomes
deficiencies in peroxisomes that cause abnormalities in myelination of nerve cells
Vitamin D deficiency which is needed for ossification-->causes resorption
bone formation - deficiency; small stature - excess
joints wear out-->fluid build up
increased osteoblasts
type I collagen
critical loss of bone mass due to GH or Estrogen deficiency
Dystrophin - anchors fiber to lamina-->fragility and distructionreplaced by fibrous tissue
loss of Nissl from cell body - 1/2 days
anterograde on neuron.some retro but only few internodal segments..pns/days, cns/weeks
Other
Demyelinating; loss of muscle function - ascending motor paralysis
1. Myeling breakdown; 2. Proliferation of Astrocytes; 3. Reduced cellularity
Treat w/ L-Dopa
Arrest of neural crest cell migration to 1 segment of distal colon, ENS absent
Metaplastic cells are more prone to malignancy
can erode into peritoneal cavity --> peritonitis & if any blood vessels near erosion site, they'll become e
Disease
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Coarctation of Aorta
Annular Pancreas
Omphacele
Umbilical Hernia
Gastroschisis
Meckel's Diverticulum
Erb's Palsy - C5/C6
Klumpke's Palsy - C8/T1
Acromioclavicular Separati
Nursemaid's Elbow
Pott's Disease
Ankylosing Spondylitis
MO
Failure of TGF-B induction after birth-->doesn't close--->Down Syndrome, Coarctation of Aorta
Extenions of Ductus Arteriosus muscles into Aorta causing pinching-->Turner Syndrome, Uppe
Bifid ventral pancreatic duct encircling duodenum causing obstruction
Side Notes
Obstetrician/Motorcycle
Obstetrician/Cervical Rib
fall on tip of shoulder