Technical Information - Timber Germany

KVH
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
KVH, Duobalken, Triobalken
Technical Information - Issued 12/2009
Publisher:
berwachungsgemeinschaft
KVH Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.
Elfriede-Stremmel-Str. 69
42369 Wuppertal - Germany
Tel. ++49 (0)700 - KVH DUO TRIO
or ++49 (0)700 - 58 43 866 87
Fax ++49 (0)0202 978 35 79
info@kvh.de
www.kvh.de und www.kvh.eu
Technical information:
bauart Konstruktions GmbH + Co. KG
Spessartstrae 13
36341 Lauterbach - Germany
www.bauart-konstruktion.de
Editorial office:
Dr. - Ing. Tobias Wiegand
Layout:
radermacher schmitz pr
53639 Knigswinter- Germany
1 A high-precision material
2 Production and technical characteristics
3 Requirements and fields of application
4 Product range and preferred cross-sections
5 Dimensioning
Page 2 :
Residential, office and exhibition building Landmaschinen-fachbetrieb Rufer,

69198 Schriesheim/
Karla Rufer,
Susanne Jacob-Freitag,
76185 Karlsruhe
Page 4 :
Page 11,31
Page 12:
Page 15:
Page 27 top:
bottom:
Page 32:
Residential building Schneider: Bauer Holzbau GmbH,

74589 Satteldorf-Grningen/
Bjrn Rudnik Hausfotografie
Libeskind Villa prototype;
Empfangsgebude der
Rheinzink GmbH & Co. KG:
Josef Pieper GmbH, Rheinzink,
45711 Datteln/ proportion
GmbH, 10245 Berlin
Community center Diedorf:
mllerblaustein, BauWerkPartner, 89134 Blaustein
House Thomas: HeinzHolzbauplanung & Zimmerei,
57299 Burbach/Hartwig Heinz
Rettenmeier Holzindustrie
Hirschberg GmbH & Co. KG ,
07927 Hirschberg
exposed applications which is visually
Duobalken und Triobalken
thousands of years of mans development, build-
graded or machine graded and is kiln-
Laminated beams in accordance
ings constructed of wood have repeatedly proved
dried, planed or exactly sized and co-
with DIN 1052 which have the same
their value throughout the centuries, not only
mes with defined dimensional stability.
properties as KVH and are made of
for providing comfortable shelter but for their
As a general rule KVH is finger-jointed.
either two or three individual lengths
durability as well.
It is normally supplied in lengths of 13
of wood with identical cross-sections
m, but longer lengths are available on
which are glued together. The indivi-
Better than required by the standards
request.
dual lengths of wood are also finger-
Technical directives, regulations relating to build-
1)
ing physics, changes in attitudes to the use of
drying, without any guarantee of
supplied in lengths of 13 m, but longer
energy and more exacting quality standards for
smoothly planed out surfaces.
lengths are available on request.
1)
Exactly sized: Planed to size after
jointed like KVH. They are normally
5.1 Dimensioning principles in accordance with DIN 1052 9
6 Dimensioning reference tables
12
16
met by building materials are high. With the diversification of the timber construction industry over
The requirements set out in the agreement on
recent decades into timber frame building and
KVH structural timber are actually far more
prefabricated timber panel construction, demand
stringent than those contained in the related
for high-quality construction timber has grown
standards, as explained below.
enormously. Modern timber construction requires
6.1 Cross-sectional values and dimensioning values
17
6.2 Ceiling beam cross-sections
18
6.3 Post cross-sections
26
6.4 Rafter cross-sections
27
7 Context provided by current standards
30
8 Tenders and principles of standards
32
dimensionally stable, kiln-dried structural timber
Technological advantages
with precise dimensions. As the production tech-
The development of KVH structural timber
nology in carpenters shops has changed, with
and Duobalken and Triobalken beams means
CNC-controlled trimming lines now commonplace,
that customers are now able to count on high-
so materials with clearly defined specifications
precision materials which are available ex stock
have become a precondition for smooth produc-
in numerous dimensions and lengths in the form
tion processes. This is also reflected in the current
of kiln-dried, dimensionally stable and planed or
stipulations in the relevant standards.
exactly sized products.

KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken are protected
brand names. Quality controls during the production of KVH structural timber are performed
9 Quality assurance and marking
34
10 Advantages of KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken
36
according to the strict rules of the berwachungsgemeinschaft KVH, which also monitors that the
rules are properly followed. The quality control
stipulations of the monitoring group are set out
in an agreement made with the Federation of
German Master Carpenters (Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister [BDZ]). Duobalken and Triobalken
Office building, Company E+K

Verwaltungs GmbH & Ko.KG:
Bauer Holzbau GmbH,
74589 Satteldorf-Grningen
laminated beams must meet the requirements
Residential building, Stimpfach: Bauer Holzbau GmbH,

74589 Satteldorf-Grningen/
Bjrn Rudnik Hausfotografie
Institut fr Bautechnik (DIBt).
Issued 12/2009
Building with wood has a long tradition. Over the
housing all mean that the requirements to be
5.2 Example calculations for a timber beam ceiling

berwachungsgemeinschaft
Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.
KVH structural timber

Solid timber for exposed and non-
Photo credits
Cover, Page
7, 10, 21,
34-35:
1 A high-precision material
Contents
for the general technical approval of the German

building authorities as assessed by the Deutsche
Sustainability
2 Production and technical characteristics
Wood has the advantage over other construction

materials in ecological terms. In addition to its
In the production of KVH, Duobalken and Trio-
After the finger-jointing (subject to length this
unique selling point of being the only renewable
balken, only softwood of the highest quality is
can be dispensed with on request) the pieces
structural construction material to be available
used for primary conversion to rough beams on
of timber are cross cut to length and planed or
in large quantities, the fact that it is also associa-
state-of-the-art chipper and circular saw lines. The
leveled to an exact size. For Duobalken and Trio-
ted with short transportation distances, is easy
waste wood from the process, such as bark, chop-
balken beams this is followed by the gluing to-
to work and is produced with no waste are just
ped wood and chips, is completely used up in the
gether of the individual laminations and further
some of the reasons why the production of timber
generation of energy and in the production of pa-
planing. The products are cured and stored in air
building components requires less energy input
per or derived timber products. After drying in fully
conditioned storage buildings to ensure that the
than building components made of other materials.
automated, computer-controlled kilns, the timber
beams are dry and dimensionally stable before
is strength graded. Growth non-conformities which
they are delivered. Every stage of production is
Precision prefabrication and energy-efficient
could reduce the strength of the product are cut
subject to permanent quality controls (internal
construction
out of the beams and the ends are then re-joined
and external controls and inspections). The re-
The high level of dimensional stability offered by
with finger-joints. This is an effective method for
sults of the controls and inspections are recorded
KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken is an important
the resource-saving utilization of the wood which
and evaluated in order to ensure that a consis-
prerequisite for efficient mechanical woodworking
also results in optimized wood characteristics.
tently high quality is guaranteed at all times.
in firms specializing in timber construction. Without these types of timber products it would not be
possible to use cost-saving CNC machines and
achieve a high degree of prefabrication.
Table 2.1 - Elastomechanical and building physics characteristics

Technical characteristics
Wood species
Given the high standards that modern buildings

have to meet in terms of energy requirements,
the shells of buildings have to be permanently airtight. The building components must be finished
to an exact fit and the usual moisture-related
changes in the shape of the wood must not compromise the airtightness. High-tech timber products such as KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken
make it possible to achieve airtight timber
buildings which are therefore energy-efficient and
have a high standard of heat insulation.
KVH
Duobalken/Triobalken
Spruce. On request: Fir, pine, larch, Douglas fir
Grading class compliant with DIN 4074

Strength classes and characteristics
*Deviation from DIN 1052:2008-12
Moisture content um
Swelling and shrinkage ratio
Reaction to fire class in accordance with DIN
EN 13501-1 and/or DIN 4102
Weight in accordance with DIN 1055-1
Thermal conductivity
Water vapor diffusion resistance factor
S 10 (S 13 on request)
C24 / C30 in accordance with DIN 1052:2008-12
E0,mean = 11.000 N/mm
E0,mean = 11.600 N/mm
15 % 3 %
15%
0.24% per 1% change of wood moisture content

D-s2, d0 or B2 (normal flammability)
5 kN/m
0.13 W / (mK)
40
Healthy homes
The home stands for a feeling of well-being. KVH,
Duobalken and Triobalken not only create a
sense of comfort and well-being in the home,
they also give architects considerable freedom of
design. German builders of prefabricated houses
and numerous firms specializing in timber construction make extensive use of KVH, Duobalken
and Triobalken in order to construct buildings
which are both spacious and cost-effective.
4
Fir
3 Requirements and fields of application

Table 3.1 - Requirements to be met by KVH structural timber in accordance with the inspection regulations and the agreement
Table 3.2 - Requirements to be met by Duobalken and Triobalken beams in accordance with the
general technical approval of the German building authorities as assessed by the Deutsche
Institut fr Bautechnik (Z-9.1-440 dated 30/01/2009).
between the Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister (BDZ) and berwachungsgemeinschaft Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.
Grading criterion
Requirements to be met by KVH structural timber Remarks

Exposed areas (KVH-Si)
Non-exposed areas
(KVH-Si)
Min. S10TS;
C24 in accordance with DIN 1052
15% 3%
Grading class compliant

with DIN 4074-1
Moisture content
Type of cutting
Split-heart;
free-of-heart on request.
Split-heart
Wane
Not permitted
Measured at an angle
10% of the smaller
cross-section side
Dimensional stability of the

cross-section
DIN EN 336 Dimensional stability class 2:

w 100 mm: 1 mm
w > 100 mm: 1.5 mm
Loose knots and dead
DIN 4074-1
knots not permitted. Occa- Grading class S10
sional faulty knots or parts
of knots up to max. 20 mm
in diameter are permitted
S 10: A 2/5
S 13: A 1/5 not exceeding 70 mm
Knot condition
Knot diameter ratio
Requirements to be met by Duobalken

and Triobalken beams
The decisive strength and stiffness properties are given in DIN 1052.
The specified moisture content is a precondition for dispensing for the
most part with preservative treatment and can also be the precondition for
finger joint assembly.
Split-heart:
Given that the pith does not always automatically run through the middle
of the log, split-heart is defined as follows: For a log with an ideal growth
form, the pith would be cut through in two-strand cutting.
Free-of-heart: Heart plank with d 40 mm is removed
The dimensional stability for the longitudinal dimensions must be agreed

between the customer and supplier.
Replacement with natural wood dowels is permitted. Maximum of 2 adjacent to each other permitted for Si.
Exposed areas
Technical standard
Moisture content um
Non-exposed areas
E0,mean = 11.600 N/mm2
Grading class compliant with

DIN 4074-1
Dimensional stability of the
cross-section
Remarks
General technical approval of the German

building authorities No. Z 9.1-440
Modulus of elasticity II to
fiber
Higher value compared to solid timber C24 in

accordance with DIN 1052.
Min. S10TS;
C24 in accordance with DIN 1052
Max. 15%
Precondition for gluing
DIN EN 336, Dimensional stability class

2 w 100 mm 1 mm w > 100 mm 1.5
mm
The dimensional stability for the longitudinal

dimensions must be agreed between the
customer and supplier.
4 mm/2 m
In comparison: DIN 4074-1:

S 10: 8 mm/2 m
Longitudinal warping
4 mm/2 m
In comparison: DIN 4074-1:

S 10: 8 mm/2 m
Finishing of the ends

Finger-jointing
Planed and chamfered
Leveled and chamfered
Trimmed perpendicular
The right-hand sides (sides adjacent to the

heart) must face outwards
DIN EN 385
Not permitted
Cracks, radial cracks caused

by shrinking
(shrinkage shakes)
Pitch pockets
Width of the crack w must DIN 4074-1

be 3% of the respective
cross-section width
Width w 5 mm
For Si the requirements are higher than those applicable to grading class
S10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1.
Additional criterion
checked in each individual case and is only possible if resistant species of wood are used (Larch/Doug-
Discoloration
Not permitted
DIN 4074-1
S10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1
las fir, sapwood-free), without finger-jointing. Preservative treatment is not required for Use Class GK 0
Insect attack
Not permitted
DIN 4074-1
S10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1
avoided by selecting species of sufficient natural durability, Where preservative treatment is required, in
Twisting
DIN 4074-1
Finishing of the ends
8 mm/2 m for split-heart 8 mm/2 m for splitcutting

heart cutting
4 mm/2 m for heart-free
cutting
Trimmed perpendicular
Surface quality
Planed and chamfered
Finger-jointing
Douglas fir
The decisive strength and stiffness properties are given in DIN 1052.
Twisting
Surface quality
Knot diameter ratio A is determined in accordance with DIN 4074-1. The
following applies for mechanical grading:
Knot sizes are not taken into consideration for KVH-NSi
A 2/5 applies for KVH -Si
Spruce
Larch
Grading criterion
Ingrown bark
Longitudinal warping
Pine
Leveled and chamfered
The permissible extent of twisting is not specified in further detail because

no unacceptable twisting is to be expected if all the other criteria are
complied with
In comparison: In accordance with DIN 4074-1 S10 and S13: 8 mm/2 m
Fields of application for KVH structural timber

Service Class (SC) 1 to 2 in accordance with DIN 1052 (see Table 3.3). Use in outside areas (SC 3) must be
according to DIN 68800 ("Protection of wood"). For GK 1 to 3 the need for preservative treatment can be
particular for GK3, oil type preservative according to a technical approval should be used.
Fields of application for Duobalken and Triobalken beams
Service Class 1 and 2 in accordance with DIN 1052 (see Table 3.3). Preservative treatment is not required
for Use Class 1 regardless of the species of wood (danger of insect attack). Resistant species of wood
(larch/Douglas fir, sapwood-free) can be used for GK 2 in accordance with DIN 68800. Alternatively an approved oil type preservative can be applied.
DIN EN 385
Table 3.3 - Use classes

Service classes in accordance with DIN 1052
SC 1 Dry areas um
12% (5 to 15%)
SC 2 Areas susceptible
to high humidity um
20% (10 to 20%)
SC 3 Outside areas um
> 20% (12 to 24%)
6
Use class in accordance with

DIN 68800
Example of normal
application
Use of KVH, Duobalken/Triobalken beams
GK 0, GK 1 where accessible
to insects
Building components enclosed on all sides and heated
GK 2 where temporary humidity is possible
Protected building components in a carport structure
GK 3 for outside areas exposed to the weather
Unprotected building components, balcony structures1)

beams made of larch/Douglas
fir heartwood
KVH made of larch/Douglas
fir heartwood without fingerjointing*
* An additional requirement for preservative treatment for GK 3 must be decided in

each individual case
4 Product range and preferred cross-sections
5 Dimensioning
Timber also supplied cut to special dimensions
of the wood species spruce are available for im-
as listed
mediate delivery from stock in a wide range of
The organization of production is so flexible that
Dimensioning in accordance with DIN 1052:2008-12
The new safety concept
preferred cross-sections. The wood species pine
it is also possible to supply lengths cut to special
- Design of timber structures - General rules and
Following the principles of European standards,
and fir and the more moisture-resistant species
building-specific dimensions "as listed". This
rules for buildings
the latest version of DIN 1052 is no longer based
larch and Douglas fir are available on request.
means that dried and dimensionally stable timber
DIN 1052, which was first issued in 1988 and was
on a dimensioning method revolving around a
can also be supplied where job order planning is
comprised of parts 1 to 3 along with Amend-
global safety factor within "permissible stresses".
the preferred option.
ment A1 from 1996, was replaced in 2004 by a
For timber construction, as is the case with most
completely revised version of the standard with
other construction materials, a semi-probabilistic
Cost savings with preferred cross-sections

Preferred cross-sections in the construction dimensions typically used in timber construction
Dimensions
a new safety concept. The new one-part standard
safety concept with partial safety factors is used
enable major cost savings to be made. For firms
The maximum available cross-sectional dimen-
was added to the German Model List of Acknowl-
instead. The new standard also continues the
specializing in timber construction the stocks of
sions of KVH structural timber are limited by
edged Technical Rules for Works (Musterliste der
policy of differentiating between the verifica-
timber held by timber wholesalers save them the
the kiln-drying and minimum split-heart cut-
Technischen Baubestimmungen) and was also
tions for load-bearing safety and serviceability
need to maintain extensive stocks themselves,
ting requirements. With maximum dimensions
later added to the technical rules for works in-
(deflection, vibration). What has to be checked in
giving them planning freedom without tying
of approx. 14/26 cm, KVH structural timber is
corporated in the building regulations of the Ger-
relation to the verification of load-bearing capac-
down operating capital. Industrial production sys-
capable of meeting most normal requirements,
man federal states. Once the application of DIN
ity is that the dimensioning values1 for the strain
tems enable manufacturers to produce at low cost.
e.g. for ceiling beam cross-sections. For larger
1052:2004-08 became mandatory, the European
(Ed) do not in any dimensioning situation exceed
cross-sections or high requirements in terms of
dimensioning standard ENV 1995-1-1 (Euro Code
the dimensioning values for stress resistance
appearance, Duobalken and Triobalken beams
5) was withdrawn at national level.
(building component resistance Rd). The dimen-
Table 4.1 - Preferred cross-sections for KVH structural timber

Height (mm) 100
120
140
160
180
200
220
60
80
120
Since then an updated version of the standard
the characteristic2 action from permanent and
by the German building authorities:
has been introduced - DIN 1052:2008-12. This ver-
variable loads (Gk or Qk) by the partial safety fac-
Duobalken w/h 16/28 cm (2 x 8/28 cm)
sion includes amendments and additions which
tors G or Q. Similarly, the characteristic building
Triobalken w/h 24/28 cm (3 x 8/28 cm)
were found to be necessary after the introductory
component resistance Rk is reduced by a material
phase of DIN 1052:2004-08. It has been incorpo-
w/h 10/36 cm (3 x 10/12 cm)
partial safety factor M.
Dimensioning values indicated by
index d (design)
2
Characteristic values indicated by index k
rated in the building regulations and reflects the
= Si
Height (mm)
Width (mm)
100
120
140
160
180
200
60
Verification:
Ed Rd
80
Dimensioning value for strain:
Ed = G Gk + Q Qk
100
120
140
160
180
Table 4.2 - Preferred cross-sections for
Duobalken and Triobalken beams
8
which are subject to the limits set by the approval
state-of-the-art in technology.
140
n = NSi
sioning values are determined by multiplying
are available, the cross-sectional dimensions of
240
Width (mm)
100
5.1 Dimensioning principles in accordance with DIN 1052
KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken beams made
200
240
220
240
Dimensioning value for stress resistance:

n
n
n
n
n
Rd =
kmod R k
M
In relation to the verifications of load-bearing
numerical value of which, i.e. 5% quantiles deter-
capacity, factor kmod takes account of the particu-
mined by tests, gives the characteristic bending
lar material properties of the wood in depend-
strength; see the table. The characteristic strength
ency on predominant climatic conditions and the
and stiffness properties for wood and derived tim-
load duration. The climatic conditions are defined
ber products are contained in Annex F to DIN 1052.
within the framework of the service classes; see

the table on page 7. The modification factors kmod
Other changes contained in DIN 1052:2008-12
are set out in DIN 1052, Table F.1. Checks on service-
compared to DIN 1052:1988 - 04/1996-10
ability must take into account the deformation
In addition to a fundamentally changed dimen-
factors kdef contained in Table F.2 in DIN 1052,
sioning concept, a whole range of new findings
which take account of the variations in creep
from research and development has also been
behavior in wood and derived timber products.
incorporated in the updated version of DIN 1052.

For example, the available options for providing
Characteristic strength and rigidity properties
verifications for timber connections have been
Given that the dimensioning concept in the cur-
considerably extended. The positive effect of a
rent DIN 1052 is not based on global safety factors,
higher density can be taken into account in rela-
future calculations will no longer be based on
tion to the load-bearing capacity of fasteners and
permissible stresses. The grading classes for sawn
the spacing of fasteners. Moreover, the standard
structural timber in accordance with DIN 4074-1
also contains a practical dimensioning method for
are allocated to strength classes in DIN 1052, the
wall panels, ceiling sections and wall diaphragm.
KVH
Duobalken
Triobalken
Table 5.1 - Correspondence between grading classes and the strength classes defined in DIN 1052:2008-12
1)
Specification of permissible bending
stress in accordance with the now obsolete
Wood species (softwood)
Spruce, fir, pine, larch, douglas fir
Grading class in accordance with
Strength class in accordance
DIN 4074-1
with DIN 1052
S 7 TS
C 16 TS
2)
C 24 TS
ral strength in accordance with DIN
C 30 TS
1052:2008-12, where fm,k = 24 N/mm2, which,
S 10 TS
1)
S 13 TS
2)
DIN 1052:1988/1996, where the permissible
B = 10 N/mm.
Specification of characteristic flexu-
in contrast to the permissible B, does not

contain a global safety factor.
10 Technical Information - Issued 12/2009
11
Two dimensioning situations have to be
Table 5.2 - Load combinations for verifications of load-bearing capacity
examined: permanent and variable action
No.
Combination Combination rule
Dimensioning value
Load duration class
kmod
LK 1
1.35 gk
qd = 2.36 kN/m
Long
0.60
LK 2
g+p
1.35 gk + 1.5 qk
qd = 6.56 kN/m
Medium
0.80
Load duration class in accordance with DIN

1052, Table 4
LK 2 is clearly decisive in this case, and this is used for further consideration.
DIN 1052, Table F.5
3. Characteristic strength and rigidity properties C 24

Characteristic bending stress
fm,k = 24.0 N/mm
Characteristic shearing stress
fv,k = 2.0 N/mm
Modulus of elasticity
E0,mean = 11.000 N/mm
DIN 1052, Table F.1

(SC 1, load duration class: medium)
Dimensioning values for stress resistance

Results from the following dimen-
Modification factor for solid timber kmod = 0.80
5.2 Example calculations for a timber beam ceiling
Partial safety factor for wood
sioning reference tables are shown in

boxes with a green background
1. System, building component dimensions
Timber beam ceiling in the form of a
simply supported beam

Spacing between beams: e = 62.5 cm
Strength class C24 corresponds to grading
Material: KVHstructural timber, C 24
qk,N = load for habitable rooms and office
l = 4.50 m
l
class S 10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1;

see the table on page 8
k,N
2. Characteristic action
Permanent (dead loads)
gk = 1.75 kN/m
Variable (live load including lightweight partition walls)
qk,N = 2.80 kN/m
floorspace in accordance with DIN1055-3,

plus addition for partition walls of 0,8 kN/m
Dimensioning value for flexural strength
fm,d = 0.8 24.0/ 1.3
fm,d = 14.8 N/mm
Dimensioning value for shear strength
fv,d = 0.8 2.0 / 1.3
fv,d = 1.23 N/mm
kmod R k
M
4. Stresses - Internal forces and moments and reactions at support

Internal forces and moments per beam (e = 62.5 cm)
Reference moment for LK 2:

Md = qd l / 8 = 6.56 4.50 / 8 0.625 Md = 10.38 kNm
Reference lateral force for LK 2:

Results from dimensioning reference table 6.2.2 Ceiling beams, e = 62.5 cm, C24
Rd =
M = 1.3
Vd = qd l / 2 = 6.56 4.50 / 2 0.625 Vd = 9.23 kN
For: l = 4.50 m
Result A (without vibration
Result B (with simplified vibration
Characteristic reactions at support for the decisive LK 2:
gk = 1.75 kN/m
verification)
verification)
End support A and B:
qk,N = 2.80 kN/m
KVH C24: 8/24 cm
KVH C24: 12/24 cm
Ag,k = Bg,k = 1.75 4.50 / 2
Ag,k = 3.94 kN/m
Aq,k = Bq,k = 2.80 4.50 / 2
Aq,k = 6.30 kN/m
Alternative::
Duobalken,Triobalken C24: 14/22 cm
13
Cross-sectional values for

w/h = 8/24 cm
A = 192 cm2
Wy = 768 cm
5. Preliminary estimate
Required section modulus:

Iy = 9.216 cm
Wy,req = Md / fm,d = 10.38 10/ 14.8
Wy,req = 701 cm
Results from dimensioning reference table 6.1 (Cross-sectional values):

Required w/h = 8/24 cm
For Md = 10.38 kNm
6. Verifications for the limit of load-bearing capacity state

Dimensioning value for bending stress:

m,y,d = Md / Wy = 10.38 / 768 10
m,y,d = 13.5 N/mm
Verification:
m,y,d
m,d
13.5
14.8
= 0.91 < 1
Dimensioning value for shearing stress:

d = 1.5 Vd / A = 1.5 9.23 / 192
d = 0.72 N/mm
Verification:
v,d
See also [1]
in accordance with DIN 1055100 for live loads falling under Category A
or B (Habitable rooms, office floorspace)
Here: 2,1 = 0.3
Deformation factor kdef for permanent

action in accordance with DIN 1052, Table
F.2 for solid timber: kdef = 0.6
0.72
1.23
Proof of deflection
= 0.59 < 1
Case a) wQ,inst
= 0.92 cm = l/489 < l/300
The natural frequency in the case of de-
Case b) wfin wG,inst
= 0.58 (1 + 0.6) + 0.92 (1 + 0.3 0.6) 0.58
flection criterion w 6 mm exceeds 8 Hz;
7. Verifications for the limit of serviceability state
= 1.43 cm = l/313 < l/200
this means that serviceability has been
According to DIN 1052, Section 9.2, the following three cases have to be examined each one is only shown
Case c) wfin w0 = 0.58 (1 + 0.6) + 0.92 0.3 (1 + 0.6) - 0
for variable action:
verified as a result.
= 1.37 cm = l/329 < l/200
Simplified vibration verification

a) Limitation of deflection as a result of variable loads (initial deflection without creep influences):
(Limitation of deflection as a result of quasi-permanent action to w = 6 mm in accordance with DIN 1052,

Section 9.3):
wQ,inst = wQ,1,inst + 0,2 wQ,2,inst l/300

b) Limitation of final deflection with creep influences as a result of all loads without consideration of
w = wG,inst + 2 wQ,inst = 0.58 + 0.3 0.92 = 0.86 cm
w = 8.6 mm > 6 mm (verification requirement not met)
initial deflection:
wfin wG,inst = wG,inst (1 + kdef) + wQ,1,inst (1 + 2,1 kdef) wG,inst l/200
Option 1:
Increase the moment of inertia / the beam width by 8.6/6 100 = 43%.
c) Limitation of deflection in the quasi-permanent dimensioning situation for guaranteeing general usability and appearance:
Comparison with the results from dimensioning reference table 6.2.2
wfin w0 = wG,inst (1 + kdef) + wQ,1,inst 2,1 (1 + kdef) w0 l/200
For dimensioning criterion B: Required w/h = 12/24 cm

References:
Calculation of deflection
E0,mean Iy = 1.100 9.216 = 10.14 106 kNcm
Deflection stiffness for cross-section
wQ,inst =
w/h = 8/24 cm
5
384
gk l
E0,mean I
5
384
(1.75 0.625) 10 -2 450 4

10.14 10 6
= 0.58 cm
Option 2:
[1] Blas, H.J.; Ehlbeck, J.; Kreuzinger, H.;
It is recommended that exact vibration verifications be calculated, which should provide more cost-effec-
Steck, G.: Erluterungen zu DIN 1052:2004-
tive results. Suitable verification methods can be found, for example, in "Erluterungen zu DIN 1052:2004-
08, Publisher: Deutsche Gesellschaft fr
08" [1] ("Commentary on DIN 1052:2004-08").
Holzforschung, Munich, 2nd edition 2004.
wG,fin = wG,inst (1 + kdef) = 0.58 (1 + 0.6) = 0.928 cm

wQ,inst =
5
384
gk ,N l
E0,mean I
5
384
(2.80 0.625) 10 -2 450 4

10.14 10 6
= 0.92 cm
15
TAB. 6.1
6 Dimensioning reference tables
6.1 Cross-sectional values and design values of mechanical resistance

Table 6.1 - Cross-sectional values and design values of mechanical resistance for preferred cross-sections in strength class C24 (grad-
DIN 1055-3: 2006-03

Action on structures - Part 3:
Self-weight and imposed load in building
DIN 1055-4: 2005-03

Wind loads
DIN 1055-5: 2005-07

The following dimensioning reference tables were
The dimensioning reference tables are intended
drawn up for KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken in
to provide an aid for day-to-day work. With the
strength class C24 (grading class S10 in accord-
help of the tables it is possible to make quick
ance with DIN 4074-1) using DIN 1052 as the basis.
ing class S10)1) for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
preliminary estimates for the common situations

Basis of design, safety concept and
design rules
Cross-sectional area
Section modulus
Moment of inertia
Design bending
Design shear force
section
A [cm]
Wy [cm ]
Iy [cm ]
moment
VR,d [kN]
2)
MR,d [kNm]
w/d [cm]
As a general rule it is preferred cross-sections that
associated with residential and administrative
are referred to (bold print). The design loads apply
buildings however, they cannot provide a substi-
6/10
60
100
500
1.48
6.65
to typical cases in practice in accordance with DIN
tute for building-specific statical verification. The
6/12
72
144
864
2.13
7.98
1055, Parts 3 to 5. The decisive load combinations
tables apply to applications covered by Service
6/14
84
196
1372
2.89
9.30
used for dimensioning purposes are based on DIN
Classes 1 and 2 (NKL 1 and 2) in accordance with
6/16
96
256
2048
3.78
10.63
1055-100.
DIN 1052, with a medium load duration.
6/18
108
324
2916
4.79
11.96
6/20
120
400
4000
5.91
13.29
6/24
144
576
6912
8.51
15.95
8/12
96
192
1152
2.84
10.63
8/14
112
61
1829
3.86
12.41
8/16
128
341
2731
5.04
14.18
8/18
144
432
3888
6.38
15.95
8/20
160
533
5333
7.88
17.72
8/24
192
768
9216
11.34
21.27
10/10
100
167
833
2.46
11.08
Snow loads and ice loads
DIN 1055-100: 2001-03
Solid timber cross-
Overview of dimensioning reference tables

Table 6.1 Cross-sectional values and dimensioning values for stress resistance
Page 17
Tables for ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), for beam spacing e
Table 6.2.1 Simply supported beams, e = 50.0 cm
Page 18
Page 19
Page 20
Page 21
10/16
160
427
3413
6.30
17.72
Table 6.2.5 Double span beams, e = 50.0 cm
Page 22
10/18
180
540
4860
7.98
19.94
Page 23
10/20
200
667
6667
9.85
22.15
Page 24
10/24
240
960
11520
14.18
26.58
Page 25
12/12
144
288
1728
4.25
15.95
Table 6.3 Dimensioning values for load-bearing capacity Rc,d for one-piece posts, C24 (S10)
Page 26
12/16
192
512
4096
7.56
21.27
12/20
240
800
8000
11.82
26.58
12/24
288
1152
13824
17.01
31.90
Tables for rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10)

Table 6.4.1 Simply supported beams, sk = 0.85 kN/m
Page 28
14/14
196
457
3201
6.75
21.71
Table 6.4.2 Simply supported beams, sk = 1.10 kN/m
Page 28
14/20
280
933
9333
13.78
31.02
Table 6.4.3 Double span beams, sk = 0.85 kN/m
Page 29
14/24
336
1344
16128
19.85
37.22
Table 6.4.4 Double span beams, sk = 1.10 kN/m
Page 29
16/16
256
683
5461
10.08
28.36
16/20
320
1067
10667
15.75
35.45
16/24
384
1536
18432
22.69
42.54
Dimensioning values determined for medium load duration in Service Classes 1 and 2: Modification factor: kmod = 0.8;
1)
partial safety factor for solid timber: M = 1.3

2)
Flection along the strong axis (y-y)
17
TAB. 6.2.1
TAB. 6.2.2
Ceiling beam cross-sections for simply supported beams

Table 6.2.1 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), simply supported beams, e = 50 cm for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Simply supported
beam, e = 50.0 cm
C24 (S10)
1.75 kN/m
Live load2) qk,N

Dimensioning
criterion3)
Simply supported
beam, e = 62.5 cm
C24 (S10)
Beam cross-section w/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk und qk,N
Dead load2) gk
2.00 kN/m
Table 6.2.2 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), simply supported beams, e = 62.5 cm for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Dead load2) gk
2.50 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
3.00 kN/m
2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m
3.00 kN/m
Live load2) qk,N

Dimensioning
criterion3)
1.75 kN/m
2.00 kN/m
A
2.80 kN/m
A
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
6/20
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/22
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/22
8/20
10/18
8/24
10/22
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
6/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/24
8/22
10/20
10/24
12/22
8/24
10/20
8/26
10/24
10/20
12/18
10/24
12/22
8/22
10/20
10/24
12/22
8/24
10/20
10/24
12/24
8/22
10/20
10/24
12/24
8/24
10/22
12/24
14/24
8/24
10/22
12/24
14/24
l = 4.50 m
10/22
12/20
12/24
14/24
8/24
10/22
12/24
14/24
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/24
8/24
10/22
14/24
16/24
10/22
12/20
14/24
16/24
10/24
12/22
14/24
16/24
l = 4.75 m
8/20
10/22
14/24
16/24
10/22
12/20
14/24
16/24
10/24
12/22
12/26
14/24
8/24
10/22
14/26
16/24
10/24
12/22
14/26
16/26
10/24
12/22
14/28
16/26
14/26
16/26
l = 5.00 m
8/24
10/22
14/26
16/26
10/24
12/22
14/26
16/26
10/24
12/22
12/26
14/26
10/24
12/22
14/26
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/28
16/28
12/24
14/22
14/28
16/28
10/24
12/22
14/28
16/26
l = 5.25 m
12/22
14/20
14/28
16/26
12/22
14/22
14/28
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/30
16/28
10/24
12/22
14/30
16/28
12/24
14/22
14/30
16/30
12/24
14/22
14/32
16/30
12/24
14/22
14/30
16/28
l = 5.50 m
12/24
14/22
14/30
16/28
12/24
14/20
14/30
16/28
14/24
16/22
14/30
16/28
12/24
14/22
14/32
16/30
14/24
16/22
14/32
16/30
14/24
16/24
14/34
16/32
l = 3.00 m
6/16
8/14
6/16
8/16
6/16
8/14
6/16
8/16
6/18
8/14
6/18
8/14
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
l = 3.00 m
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
l = 3.25 m
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/18
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
l = 3.25 m
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
l = 3.50 m
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
8/20
8/22
8/20
l = 3.50 m
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
6/20
8/16
8/20
10/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
6/22
8/20
8/20
10/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/22
6/20
8/18
8/18
10/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
6/22
8/20
8/20
10/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
6/22
8/20
8/20
10/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
l = 3.75 m
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
l = 4.00 m
6/18
8/16
8/18
10/16
l = 4.00 m
8/22
10/20
l = 4.25 m
8/18
10/16
8/24
10/22
8/20
10/18
8/24
10/22
8/20
10/18
8/24
10/22
8/20
10/18
8/24
10/24
10/20
12/18
10/24
12/22
8/22
10/20
10/24
12/24
l = 4.25 m
10/18
12/16
10/18
12/18
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
10/20
12/18
10/20
12/18
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/24
10/20
12/18
10/20
12/18
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/24
10/20
12/18
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/24
14/24
16/24
10/20
12/18
10/22
12/20
12/24
14/24
14/24
16/24
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
12/24
14/24
12/26
14/26
l = 5.00 m
10/18
12/20
12/24
14/24
10/22
12/20
12/26
14/24
10/22
12/20
12/26
14/24
10/22
12/20
14/26
16/24
10/22
12/20
14/26
16/26
10/24
12/22
l = 5.25 m
10/20
12/20
14/26
16/24
10/22
12/20
14/26
16/26
10/22
12/20
14/26
16/28
10/22
12/22
14/28
16/26
10/24
12/22
14/28
16/28
l = 5.50 m
12/20
14/20
14/26
16/26
12/22
14/20
14/28
16/26
10/24
12/24
14/28
16/26
10/24
12/22
14/30
16/28
12/22
14/22
14/30
16/28
l = 4.75 m
3.00 kN/m
6/18
8/16
2.80 kN/m
6/20
8/18
2.00 kN/m
B
l = 4.50 m
3.00 kN/m
A
l = 3.75 m
2.50 kN/m
6/20
8/18
B
6/20
8/18
Footnotes see page 19

Footnotes to tables 6.2.1 and 6.2.2
1)
Bold: Preferred cross-section KVH, Duobalken or Triobalkenbeams

With gray background: Reduction in the cross-sectional height by 2 cm possible if Duobalken or Triobalkenbeams are used
q
g
Underlined: The specified cross-section applies only to the use of Duobalken or Triobalken beams
Italics: Cross-section not available (it is recommended that glued laminated timber GL24 be used)
k,N
k
2)
Action:
gk:
Characteristic permanent action (dead weight) in accordance with DIN 1055-1: 2002-06
qk,N: Characteristic variable action (live loads) in accordance with DIN 1055-3: 2006-03
3)
Dimensioning criteria (left or right column)
A Design bending moment MR,d and design shear force VR,d

Final deflection in the characteristic dimensioning situation: wQ,inst l/300 und wfin wG,inst l/200
Deflection in the quasi-permanent dimensioning situation wfin w0 l/200
B Limitation of deflection to w = wG,inst + y2 wQ,inst 6 mm from quasi-permanent action as an additional criterion for the simplified vibration verification. A more exact vibration verification is recommended for individual cases.
19
TAB. 6.2.3
TAB. 6.2.4
Simply supported
beam, e = 75.0 cm
C24 (S10)
Simply supported
beam, e = 83.3 cm
C24 (S10)

Dead load2) gk
1.75 kN/m
Live load qk,N
2.00 kN/m
2)
Dimensioning
criterion3)
l = 3.00 m
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/18
6/20
8/18
l = 3.25 m
2.50 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
A
l = 3.50 m
6/22
8/18
8/20
10/20
l = 3.75 m
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/22
8/22
10/20
l = 4.00 m
6/24
8/22
10/22
12/22
8/20
10/20
3.00 kN/m
A
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
2.00 kN/m
A
2.80 kN/m
B
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
3.00 kN/m
Live load qk,N
Dimensioning
criterion3)
6/24
8/20
1.75 kN/m
2.00 kN/m
2)
6/22
8/20
l = 3.00 m
6/24
8/22
l = 3.25 m
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
l = 3.50 m
8/24
10/22
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/20
8/24
10/24
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/24
l = 3.75 m
8/24
10/20
10/24
12/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
8/22
10/20
10/24
12/24
8/24
10/22
12/24
14/22
10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24
l = 4.00 m
10/22
14/22
8/24
10/22
12/24
14/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/24
8/24
10/22
14/24
16/22
10/24
12/22
12/26
14/24
10/24
12/22
12/26
14/24
l = 4.25 m
8/24
10/22
14/24
16/22
10/24
12/22
14/24
16/26
10/24
12/22
14/24
16/24
10/24
12/20
14/26
16/24
12/22
14/22
14/26
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/26
16/26
l = 4.50 m
l = 4.75 m
8/24
10/22
14/26
16/24
10/24
12/22
14/26
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/28
16/26
10/24
12/20
14/28
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/28
16/28
14/24
16/22
14/28
16/28
l = 4.75 m
l = 5.00 m
10/24
12/22
14/28
16/26
12/24
14/24
14/28
16/26
14/24
16/22
14/28
16/28
12/24
14/22
14/30
16/28
14/24
16/22
16/28
16/30
14/24
16/24
14/30
16/30
l = 5.00 m
l = 4.50 m

Dead load2) gk
6/24
8/20
l = 4.25 m
6/24
8/20
2.50 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
6/20
6/20
6/22
8/16
8/18
8/18
3.00 kN/m
A
2.00 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
A
3.00 kN/m
6/22
6/20
6/20
6/22
6/24
8/20
8/18
8/20
8/20
8/20
6/20
6/22
6/22
6/24
6/22
6/24
6/24
8/22
8/18
8/20
8/20
8/20
8/20
8/22
8/22
10/20
6/22
6/24
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/24
8/22
8/24
8/22
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/20
10/22
10/20
10/22
6/24
8/24
8/22
8/24
8/22
8/24
8/20
10/22
10/20
10/22
10/20
8/22
10/24
8/24
10/24
10/24
10/24
8/24
10/20
12/22
10/22
12/22
12/20
12/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
8/24
10/24
10/24
10/24
10/22
10/24
10/24
10/24
12/22
12/24
10/26
10/24
12/24
12/26
12/22
12/24
12/22
14/24
8/24
12/24
10/24
12/24
10/24
12/26
10/22
14/24
10/24
12/28
12/24
14/26
10/22
14/22
12/22
14/24
12/22
14/24
12/20
16/24
12/22
14/26
14/22
16/24
14/28
8/24
14/24
10/24
14/24
12/24
14/26
10/24
14/26
12/24
14/28
12/24
10/22
16/24
12/22
16/24
14/22
16/24
12/22
16/26
14/22
16/26
14/22
16/26
10/24
12/22
14/26
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/26
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/28
16/26
12/24
14/22
14/28
16/28
14/24
16/22
14/30
16/28
14/24
16/24
14/30
16/28
10/24
14/28
12/24
14/28
14/24
14/30
12/24
14/30
14/24
14/32
14/26
14/32
12/22
16/26
14/22
16/28
16/24
16/28
14/22
16/30
16/24
16/30
16/24
16/30

1)

With gray background: Reduction in the cross-sectional height by 2 cm possible if Duobalken or Triobalkenbeams are used
Underlined: The specified cross-section applies only to the use of Duobalken or Triobalken beams
2)
Action:
gk:
qk,N: Characteristic variable action (live loads) in accordance with DIN 1055-3: 2006-03
3)

21
TAB. 6.2.5
TAB. 6.2.6
Ceiling beam cross-sections for double span beams

Table 6.2.5 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), double span beams, e = 50.0 cm for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Double span beam
e = 50.0 cm
C24 (S10)
Double span beam

e = 62.5 cm
C24 (S10)

Dead load2) gk
1.75 kN/m
Live load2) qk,N

Dimensioning
criterion3)
2.00 kN/m
A
2.50 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
3.00 kN/m
A
2.00 kN/m
A
Dead load2) gk
2.80 kN/m
A

3,00 kN/m
Live load2) qk,N
Dimensioning
criterion3)
1.75 kN/m
2.00 kN/m
A
2.50 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
A
3.00 kN/m
A
2.00 kN/m
A
2.80 kN/m
3.00 kN/m
A
l = 3.00 m
6/16
8/14
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
l = 3.00 m
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
l = 3.25 m
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/16
6/20
8/18
l = 3.25 m
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/20
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
l = 3.50 m
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
l = 3.50 m
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
l = 3.75 m
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
l = 3.75 m
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
l = 4.00 m
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
l = 4.00 m
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
l = 4.25 m
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
l = 4.25 m
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/22
10/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
l = 4.50 m
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
l = 4.50 m
l = 4.75 m
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
l = 4.75 m
l = 5.00 m
6/24
8/22
10/24
12/22
8/24
10/22
l = 5.25 m
8/22
10/20
10/22
12/22
l = 5.50 m
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
l = 5.75 m
10/22
12/20
12/24
14/22
10/24
12/22
l = 6.00 m
10/22
12/20
14/24
16/22
12/24
14/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/24
l = 5.00 m
10/24
12/24
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/24
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24
l = 5.25 m
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
10/22
12/20
12/24
14/24
12/22
14/22
12/26
14/24
14/22
16/22
14/24
16/24
l = 5.50 m
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/24
14/24
16/24
10/22
12/22
14/24
16/24
14/22
16/20
14/26
16/24
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/24
l = 5.75 m
12/22
14/20
14/26
16/24
12/22
14/22
14/26
16/24
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/26
14/24
16/22
14/28
16/26
l = 6.00 m
14/22
16/20
10/22
12/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/24
8/24
10/22
12/22
14/22
12/24
14/24
10/26
12/24
14/22
16/22
12/26
14/24
14/24
16/22
10/24
12/22
8/22
10/22
10/22
12/20
10/22
12/20
8/26
10/24
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/24
10/24
12/24
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24
14/24
16/24
12/24
14/22
12/26
14/24
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/24
14/24
16/24
14/26
16/26
14/26
16/26
14/24
16/24
14/28
16/26
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/28
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28
12/22
14/20
12/22
14/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24
10/24
12/24
12/24
14/24
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/22
14/24
16/24
12/24
14/22
14/24
16/24
12/24
14/22
14/24
16/24
14/24
16/24
12/24
14/22
14/26
16/24
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/24
12/24
14/22
14/26
16/24
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/26
14/24
16/22
14/28
16/26
14/24
16/22

1)
q
g
k,N
2)
Action:
gk:
qk,N:
Characteristic variable action (live loads) in accordance with DIN 1055-3: 2006-03
3)

23
TAB. 6.2.7
TAB. 6.2.8
TTab. 6.2.7 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), double span beams, e = 75.0 cm for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Double span beam
e = 75.0 cm
C24 (S10)
Double span beam

e = 83.3 cm
C24 (S10)

Dead load2) gk
1.75 kN/m
Live load2) qk,N
2.00 kN/m
Dimensioning
criterion3)
l = 5.50 m
l = 5.75 m
l = 6.00 m
Dimensioning
criterion3)
6/22
6/22
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
8/20
8/24
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
8/22
8/20
6/24
10/20
8/24
10/20
8/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/20
8/24
8/22
8/22
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/22
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/20
10/24
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/20
10/24
10/22
10/22
12/22
10/24
10/22
8/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
12/20
10/24
10/24
12/22
12/24
10/22
10/24
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
12/22
12/24
12/24
12/24
14/22
14/24
14/24
14/22
14/24
14/24
14/22
12/24
14/24
14/24
16/22
14/24
16/24
14/26
l = 4.00 m
l = 5.25 m
Live load2) qk,N
6/20
l = 3.75 m
l = 5.00 m
3.00 kN/m
6/20
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.75 m
2.80 kN/m
6/20
l = 3.25 m
l = 4.50 m
2.00 kN/m
6/18
l = 3.00 m
l = 4.25 m
3.00 kN/m

Dead load2) gk
2.50 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
10/24
12/22
12/24
12/24
14/22
14/24
14/24
16/24
16/22
14/26
12/22
10/24
12/24
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24
16/24
14/26
12/22
12/24
14/24
14/24
14/22
14/24
16/24
14/26
16/22
14/26
16/24
14/26
14/22
14/22
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/24
14/28
14/22
12/24
16/24
14/26
16/22
14/24
16/24
14/28
16/24
14/26
16/26
14/28
16/20
14/24
16/26
14/28
16/24
14/26
16/26
14/28
14/28
16/26
14/30
14/22
14/24
16/24
14/28
16/24
14/26
16/26
14/28
16/24
14/26
16/26
14/30
16/24
14/26
16/26
14/30
16/26
14/28
16/28
14/30
16/26
14/30
16/28
14/32
16/22
16/26
16/24
16/28
16/26
16/28
16/24
16/28
16/26
16/30
16/28
16/30
1.75 kN/m
2.00 kN/m
A
2.50 kN/m
2.80 kN/m
A
3.00 kN/m
A
2.00 kN/m
A
2.80 kN/m
A
3.00 kN/m
A
l = 3.00 m
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
l = 3.25 m
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
l = 3.50 m
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
l = 3.75 m
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/22
10/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/22
12/20
l = 4.00 m
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
l = 4.25 m
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
l = 4.50 m
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/22
14/24
16/22
l = 4.75 m
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
14/22
16/22
14/24
16/22
14/24
16/24
12/24
14/24
14/24
16/24
12/24
14/22
14/24
16/24
14/24
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26
l = 5.00 m
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/24
12/24
14/24
l = 5.25 m
10/24
12/20
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
14/24
16/22
14/24
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/26
16/26
l = 5.50 m
12/24
14/22
14/26
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/24
16/24
14/28
16/26
14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/28
16/28
l = 5.75 m
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/26
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/28
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/26
14/30
16/28
14/30
16/30
l = 6.00 m
14/24
16/24
14/28
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/30
14/30
16/30
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/32
14/30
16/28
14/30
16/30

1)

2)
Action:
gk:
qk,N:
Characteristic variable action (live loads) in accordance with DIN 1055-3: 2006-03
3)

25
TAB. 6.3.1
6.3 Post cross-sections
6.4 Rafter cross-sections
Table 6.3.1 - Design values of compression force parallel to the grain Rc,d for single-piece posts, C24 (S10),
with articulated support on both sides , for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Preliminary remarks: The following dimensioning reference tables were developed for rafters in purlin
roof structures. The values for the load action (wind and snow loads) applied here are based on roof areas
1)
larger than 10 m2. Additional structures on the roof such as, e.g. photovoltaic units or snow guards, and
Fc,d
C24 (S10)
Rc,d [kN] in dependency on buckling length sk [m]
2)
trimmings, e.g. for skylights, must be taken into consideration separately in the building-specific verification.
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6/10
7.90
5.57
4.13
3.19
2.53
2.06
1.71
1.44
6/12
9.48
6.69
4.96
3.83
3.04
2.47
2.05
1.73
6/14
11.07
7.80
5.79
4.46
3.55
2.88
2.39
2.02
6/16
12.65
8.91
6.61
5.10
4.05
3.30
2.73
2.30
6/18
14.23
10.03
7.44
5.74
4.56
3.71
3.08
2.59
6/20
15.81
11.14
8.27
6.38
5.07
4.12
3.42
2.88
6/24
18.97
13.37
9.92
7.65
6.08
4.95
4.10
3.46
8/12
21.70
15.44
11.52
8.91
7.10
5.78
4.80
4.05
8/14
23.32
18.02
13.44
10.40
8.28
6.75
5.60
4.73
qW: Wind pressure in accordance with DIN 1055-4: 2005-03
8/16
28.94
20.59
15.36
11.89
9.46
7.71
6.41
5.40
8/18
32.56
23.17
17.28
13.37
10.65
8.68
7.21
6.08
8/20
36.17
25.74
19.20
14.86
11.83
9.64
8.01
6.75
8/24
43.41
30.89
23.04
17.83
14.20
11.57
9.61
8.11
10/10
33.70
24.36
18.32
14.24
11.37
9.29
7.72
6.52
10/16
53.92
38.98
29.31
22.78
18.19
14.86
12.36
10.44
10/18
60.66
43.86
32.97
25.63
20.47
16.71
13.90
11.74
buckling along the weak (decisive) axis
10/20
67.40
48.73
36.63
28.47
22.74
18.57
15.45
13.05
for medium load duration (residential,
10/24
80.87
58.48
43.96
34.17
27.29
22.29
18.54
15.66
office buildings) in Service Classes 1
12/12
65.31
48.52
36.93
28.89
23.17
18.97
15.81
13.37
12/16
87.08
64.70
49.24
38.52
30.89
25.29
21.08
17.83
12/20
108.85
80.87
61.55
48.15
38.61
31.62
26.35
22.29
12/24
130.61
97.05
73.86
57.78
46.33
37.94
31.62
26.74
14/14
109.79
85.13
66.05
52.18
42.07
34.57
28.88
24.47
14/20
156.85
121.61
94.35
74.54
60.10
49.38
41.25
34.95
14/24
188.22
145.94
113.22
89.44
72.12
59.26
49.50
41.94
16/16
164.74
134.84
107.65
86.27
70.11
57.88
48.50
41.19
16/20
205.92
168.55
134.56
107.83
87.63
72.35
60.63
51.48
16/24
247.10
202.23
161.47
129.40
105.16
86.82
72.75
61.78
sk
Cross-sections
w/h [cm]
Single-piece post
Dimensioning values determined for
1)
and 2:
Modification factor: kmod = 0.8; Partial
safety factor for solid timber: gM = 1.3
Simplified calculation of design com-
2)
pression force Rc,d on the basis of the

following assumptions:Safety factor on
the load side: gG = gQ = 1.5;
combination factor yo = 1.0
Footnotes to Tables 6.4.x

1)
Bold: Preferred cross-section KVH or Duobalken, Triobalken beams
Action:
gk: Characteristic permanent action (dead weight) in accordance with DIN 1055-1: 2002-06
sk: Characteristic value for snow load on the ground in accordance with DIN 1055-5: 2005-07
(qW = 0.9 kN/m corresponds to wind zone 2 up to h = 10 m)
27
TAB. 6.4.1
TAB. 6.4.3
Rafter cross-sections for simply supported beams
Rafter cross-sections for double span beams
Tab. 6.4.1 - Rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10), sk = 0.85 kN/m for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Table 6.4.3 - Rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10), sk = 0.85 kN/m for SC 1 and 2 with medium load durations
l = 2.50 m
Maximum span
(area)
Rafter spacing [m]
qw
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
a = 5 - 25
0.625
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
Rafter spacing (m)

l = 2.50 m
Maximum span
(area)
supported beam
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
a = 26 - 35
0.833
0.625
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
a = 36 - 45
Roof pitch
Rafter in the form of a simply
0.75
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
0.625
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
Double span beam - C24 (S10)

gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 0.85 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m
0.75
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
0.833
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
Rafter spacing [m]
Maximum span
(area)
sk
Rafter cross-section w/h [cm]1)

in dependency on roof pitch, rafter spacing e and span l
a = 46 - 55
0.75
0.833
0.625
0.75
0.833
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
10/24
12/22
12/26
14/24
6/18
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/24
10/22
10/26
12/24
12/26
16/24
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/24
10/22
10/26
12/24
14/26
16/24
6/12
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 2.50 m
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 5.00 m
qw
Maximum span
(area)
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
0.625
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
Rafter spacing (m)
supported beam
Maximum span
(area)
l = 2.50 m
Rafter in the form of a simply
a = 26 - 35
0.833
0.625
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
a = 36 - 45
Roof pitch
l
0.75
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
0.625
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/26
10/24
0.75
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
0.75
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
0.833
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
a = 46 - 55
0.833
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
0.625
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
10/24
12/22
10/26
14/24
0.75
6/18
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
10/26
12/24
12/26
16/24
Double span beam - C24 (S10)

gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 1.10 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m
Rafter spacing [m]
l = 2.50 m
0.833
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/24
10/22
10/26
12/24
14/26
16/24
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
0.625
6/12
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
0.625
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/14
8/12
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
0.833
0.625
0.75
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/26
8/22
0.75
sk
0.833
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
6/18
6/22
8/20
8/24
10/20
qw
Rafter in the form of a
a = 46 - 55
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
0.75
0.833
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
double span beam

(identical spans)
l = 5.00 m
Rafter spacing (m)
l = 2.50 m
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
TAB. 6.4.4

a = 5 - 25
0.625
6/12
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
Roof pitch
l = 5.00 m
0.833
Maximum span
(area)
l = 2.50 m
sk
a = 5 - 25
0.75
a = 26 - 35
a = 36 - 45
Rafter spacing (m)
Maximum span
(area)
Rafter spacing [m]

6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
Roof pitch
Simply supported beam - C24 (S10)
gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 1.10 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m
0.625
l = 3.00 m
l = 4.50 m
TAB. 6.4.2
a = 5 - 25
6/10
l = 5.00 m
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24

l = 2.50 m
l = 4.50 m
Maximum span
(area)
Simply supported beam - C24 (S10)

gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 0.85 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m
0.625
6/12
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/22
0.75
6/12
6/14
8/12
6/18
8/14
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
a = 36 - 45
0.75
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
a = 26 - 35
0.833
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/24
10/20
0.833
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
0.625
6/12
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/20
0.625
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
0.75
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
a = 46 - 55
0.833
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
8/24
10/20
0.75
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
0.833
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/16
6/22
8/20
8/24
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
sk
g
qw
Rafter in the form of a

double span beam
(identical spans)
29
7 Context provided by current standards

KVH structural timber and Duobalken and
Bauregelliste A (Construction Products List A):
According to the commentary on the standard [2],
Triobalken laminated beams have provided
Labeling with the "" mark
internal timber in multi-storey timber buildings
proven service for many years in meeting the
Ever since 2004, German Bauregelliste A (Con-
has to have a lower moisture content because of
increasing requirements associated with mod-
struction Products List A) specifies that grad-
the settlement characteristics of such buildings.
Example: A wooden ceiling beam with a moisture
ern timber construction. The requirement for
ing standard DIN 4074-1 has to be used as the
This requirement is particularly topical now that
content for internal timber of um = 20% can dry
dry and dimensionally stable construction tim-
reference standard for the inspection mark. This
the German Model Building Regulations (Muster-
out to 6% in the climate of a heated residential
ber to be used for carpentry and constructional
means that only solid timber which has been
bauordnung [MBO] 2002) have been incorporated
building. For a beam of 24 cm in height a 14%
timber works is now specified in all of the main
graded when completely dry and bears an ""
in the building regulations of the individual fede-
change in moisture content would result in a
building regulations.
inspection mark containing specific reference to
ral states and allow the principle of permitting
mean shrinkage ratio of 8 mm. The concomitant
DIN 4074-1 is unequivocally a regulated construc-
the erection of timber construction buildings of
settlement has to be accommodated without
tion product. KVH structural timber also has an
up to five storeys in height.
any damage occurring. It would be better to use
DIN 4074-1: Strength grading of wood - Part 1:
additional symbol in the "" mark to indicate the
Sawn coniferous timber
certifying body, because the product is finger-
DIN 1052 Design of timber structures
The grading criteria set out in DIN 4074-1 for clas-
jointed. Solid timber without finger-joints will in
The dimensioning standard for timber construc-
sifying the load-bearing capacity of construction
future be permitted under European regulations
tion is another standard which requires the instal-
In relation to the load-bearing capacity and exact
timber are based on timber dimensions related to
to bear a CE mark of conformity as an alternative.
lation of dry timber for Service Classes 1 and 2
fit of connections, DIN 1052 requires the following
(see the table on page 7), on the basis that this is
in respect of the installation of timber with exces-
an official value of moisture content of um = 20 %,
Triobalken beams with a maximum um = 15%.
in other words dry timber. If the timber is not
Duobalken and Triobalken beams also have to
required to reduce cracks caused by shrinking and
sive moisture content:
graded in a dry state (TS labeling), suitable allow-
be labeled with the "" mark, but instead of refer-
changes in dimensions. Furthermore, it is only
The reduction of the characteristic values to 2/3
ance has to be made, e.g. by sawing to oversizes.
ence to DIN 4074-1 these labels have to contain
possible to match softwood products between
for the load-bearing capacity for nail connec-
Even then, the grading criteria of cracks caused by
the approval number and the symbol of the
the grading classes specified in DIN 4074-1 and
tions exposed to pull out stress Deformation
shrinking and of curvature still remain unaccoun-
certifying body.
the strength classes specified in DIN 1052 if the
through shrinkage in relation to butt joints and
timber has been graded when dry (TS) (see the
contact connections to be taken into considera-
ted for. Given that the only means of checking

with certainty that all the grading criteria are met
At present there is no European technical stand-
table on page 11). It also has to be taken into
is if the wood is dry, the timber has to be carefully
ard, which means that there is no associated CE
consideration that the characteristic strengths
re-graded by the person handling the wood im-
mark of conformity available either.
used for the strength classes only partially ac-
mediately prior to installation and rejected where
count for cracking.
tion in the verification of serviceability

The retightening of bolted joints
Here again, KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken
necessary, because that person is duty-bound only
ATV DIN 18334: VOB/C
to install timber which has the "required equilib-
Carpentry and constructional timber works
Caution is required when installing timber with-
rium moisture content", which means dry timber.
It is a requirement of the German general techni-
out suitably adjusted moisture content
If the timber were to be installed in a semi-dry or
cal specifications for building works for carpentry
Where timber with a much higher moisture content
Wood preservation
References:
moist state, it would have to be examined in what
and timber construction works (DIN 18334) (All-
than the required equilibrium moisture content is
Finally it should also be noted that the use of dry
[2] Kuhlenkamp, Hallinger: Kommentar zur
as a rule would be a dry equilibrium state to see
gemeine Technische Vertragsbedingungen fr Bau-
installed, DIN 1052 requires that the timber must
timber is an important precondition for the clas-
ATV DIN 18334 Zimmer- und Holzbauarbei-
if any strength-reducing cracks had developed,
leistungen [ATV] fr Zimmer- und Holzbauarbei-
be able to dry out afterwards and that the struc-
sification of component attachments in Use Class
ten; Publisher: Bund Deutscher Zimmer-
which would represent an unacceptable situa-
ten) that construction timber made of sawn soft-
tural timber components themselves, along with
0 in accordance with DIN 68800-2, in order to be
meister im Verlag Weka Medien GmbH,
tion. The time and effort that this requires can be
wood must always be dry before it is installed. The
all adjacent building components, must be resist-
able to dispense with preservative treatment.
Kissingen, 2005
avoided if KVH and Duobalken and Triobalken
2000 version of this regulation introduced more
ant to deformation through the shrinkage which
In addition, a field study [3] demonstrated that
[3] Radovic, B.: Unempfindlichkeit von tech-
are used, because the timber used in these
stringent requirements for timber house construc-
can be associated with drying. The construction
building components made of kiln-dried timber
nisch getrocknetem Holz gegen Insekten;
products is only ever graded when dry and meets
tion with regard to moisture content (um 18 %),
work required here, and the greater risk of build-
used for interiors and for protected outside areas
in Informationsdienst HOLZ spezial, No-
more stringent quality criteria than those speci-
dimensional stability and type of cutting.
ing damage, can be avoided if KVH structural
are "resistant to insects".
vember 2008; Publisher: Holzabsatzfonds,
fied in DIN 4074-1.
dry timber from the outset, e.g. Duobalken or
offer decisive advantages over normal sawn
timber and Duobalken and Triobalken are used.
structural timber.
Bonn 2008.
31
8 Tenders and principles of standards

Wooden constructions involving KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken
Tender wording for the supply of construction timber made of KVH structural timber
The German contract procedures for building works (VOB/A, Section 9) stipulate the following: "The work
Item ... ... m Supply of KVH Si structural timber, S10/C24
required must be described clearly and in sufficient detail to ensure that all bidders understand the
KVH Si (for exposed areas) structural timber compliant with DIN 4074-1 S10TS (strength class C24
description to have the same meaning and to enable them to calculate their prices with certainty and
in accordance with DIN 1052). Moisture content: um = 15 3%. Type of cutting: Split-heart.
without extensive preparatory work." You can only be certain of obtaining the correct product if the word-
Surface: Planed and chamfered. Dimensional stability class 2 in accordance with EN 336,
ing in your tender documents is clear, complete and correct in technical terms. Given the high standard
from a quality supervised production source.
of quality to be met by KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken, careful quality controls are required during
Item ... ... m Supply of KVH NSi structural timber, S10/C24
production. It is therefore in your own interests for you to ensure that the timber you are supplied with
KVH NSi (for non-exposed areas) structural timber compliant with DIN 4074-1 S10TS (strength
comes from quality supervised production sources. For an up-to-date list of supervised firms, please see
class C24 in accordance with DIN 1052). Moisture content: um = 15 3%.
www.kvh.eu. in the internet.
Type of cutting: Split-heart. Surface: Leveled and chamfered. Dimensional stability class 2 in
accordance with EN 336, from a quality supervised production source.
Principles of standards (the latest versions of each standard of relevance for tenders)
ATV DIN 18334 18334 German VOB contract procedures for building works - Part C: General technical
Tender wording for the supply of laminated beams
specifications for building works for carpentry and timber construction works
Item ... ... m Supply of Duobalken Si laminated beams, S10/C24
(VOB Vergabe- und Vertragsordnung fr Bauleistungen - Teil C: Allgemeine Technische Ver-
Duobalken Si (for exposed areas) laminated beams, made of two planks which are glued
tragsbedingungen fr Bauleistungen (ATV) - Zimmer- und Holzbauarbeiten)
together, compliant with DIN 4074-1 S10TS (strength class C24 in accordance with DIN 1052).
(current version, 2006-10)
Moisture content: um = max. 15 3%. Surface: Planed and chamfered. Dimensional stability
DIN 1052
Design of timber structures - General rules and rules for buildings (Entwurf, Berechnung und
class 2 in accordance with EN 336, from a quality supervised production source, in accordance
Bemessung von Holzbauwerken - Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Bemessungsregeln fr
with approval number Z-9.1-440.
den Hochbau) (current version, 2008-12)
Item ... ... m Supply of Triobalken Si laminated beams, S10/C24
DIN 4074-1
Strength grading of wood - Part 1: Sawn coniferous timber (Sortierung von Holz nach der
Triobalken Si (for exposed areas) laminated beams, made of three planks which are glued
Tragfhigkeit - Teil 1: Nadelschnittholz) (current version, 2003-06)
together, compliant with DIN 4074-1 S10TS (strength class C24 in accordance with DIN 1052).
DIN 68800-2
Wood preservation - Part 2: Preventive constructional measures in buildings (Holzschutz - Teil 2:
Moisture content: um = max. 15 3%. Surface: Planed and chamfered. Dimensional stability
Vorbeugende bauliche Manahmen im Hochbau) (current version, 1996-05)
class 2 in accordance with EN 336, from a quality supervised production source, in accordance
DIN 68800-3
Wood preservation - Part 3: Preventive protection of wood with wood preservatives (Holz-
with approval number Z-9.1-440.
schutz - Teil 3: Holzschutz; Vorbeugender chemischer Holzschutz) (current version, 1990-04)

Note: Duobalken and Triobalken beams can also be supplied for non-exposed areas, in which case the
surface is planed and leveled.
Special requirements
Wood
KVH structural timber and Duobalken and Triobalken beams are made of spruce/fir as
species
standard. However, they can also be supplied in pine, larch and Douglas fir as well on request.
Where it is intended that the products be used within the terms of Use Class 2 as defined by
DIN 68800-3 (temporary humidification, e.g. in protected outside areas) and no preservative
treatment is to be used, the tender document must specify sapwood-free dark-colored heartwood of larch or Douglas fir.
S13TS/C30
KVH structural timber and Duobalken and Triobalken beams are also available, on request, in
grading class S13 in accordance with DIN 4074-1 or in strength class C24. It is possible for such
higher strengths to be required because of specifications derived from statical calculations.
33
The members of the berwachungsgemeinschaft
Continuous production controls by the manufac-
Konstruktionsvollholz e.V. monitor the quality
turer (internal monitoring) as well as monitoring
of their products through quality controls within
by an external agency are mandatory for these
their companies (internal monitoring) and ad-
products. Compliance with requirements is
ditional monitoring by independent agencies.
documented by the German "" mark; there is no
This applies not just to the mandatory character-
provision for marking with a CE mark of conform-
istics required under regulations but also to the
ity. In addition to the "" mark, the description of
additional requirements stipulated within the
the object of approval (Duobalken or Triobalken
agreement on structural timber. Only structural
beams) and the grading class also have to be
timber which is monitored in this way and is
specified. Where considered desirable for reasons
manufactured by the companies which are mem-
of appearance the timber can be marked with a
9 Quality assurance and marking
bers of the berwa-
permanent text code instead of the "" mark, as
chungsgemeinschaft
long as the "" mark is printed on the waybill.
+HUVWHOOHU
=
'XREDONHQ
&
%LOG]HLFKHQ
GHU
=HUWLIL]LHUXQJV
VWHOOH
Inspection mark
for Duobalken beams
Konstruktionsvollholz
+HUVWHOOHU
',1
676
e.V. is permitted to bear
Special characteristics of Duobalken and
the internationally pro-
Triobalken beams
tected KVH trademark.
The approval for Duobalken and Triobalken
Section 20 of the federal state building regula-
The "" mark has to be included on the product
tions in Germany and Section 17 of the German
or the waybill/packaging. Alternatively it can be
Model Building Regulations (version 11/2002)
applied to the product itself in the form of a text
contain the stipulations under which construction
mark. This must specify the manufacturer, the
products may be used for the erection, alteration
object of the approval, the grading class and the
Marking of Duobalken and Triobalken beams
for the modulus of elasticity compared to solid
and maintenance of built structures. They require
date of production; the "" mark itself has to be
Duobalken and Triobalken beams are non-stand-
timber. With a value of 11,600 N/mm2 it is pos-
that construction products must bear either the
included on the waybill. Where considered desir-
ardized products. In terms of building regulations
sible to reduce the amount of deflection, which is
KVH
beams allows the application of 5% higher values
national mark of conformity ("" mark) or the mark
able for reasons of appearance it is permissible
requirements they are regulated by product
a major advantage in relation to a criterion which
Inspection mark
of conformity required under the provisions of the
to dispense with the application of the mark on
approval number Z-9.1-440 issued by the Deutsche
is often decisive in timber construction. The mean
for KVH structural
Construction Products Law or the Construction
the product itself in the case of KVH-Si structural
Institut fr Bautechnik (DIBt).
values of MOE and shear-modulus are therefore
timber without finger-
Products Directive of the European Community
timber for exposed areas. In this case the mark
jointing
(CE mark of conformity). Building law is violated if
only has to appear on the delivery note.
Z-9.1-440 - Duobalken and Triobalken beams
of strength class GL24 (previously BS11). All the
(laminated beams made of either two or three
other strength properties are the same as those
As from autumn 2009 the use of KVH structural
boards, planks or pieces of square-sawn timber
for solid timber or KVH structural timber.
timber without finger joints should be permissi-
which are glued together)
sawn structural timber products which do not bear

+HUVWHOOHU
',1
9ROOKRO]PLW
.HLO]LQNHQVWR
&
%LOG]HLFKHQ
GHU
=HUWLIL]LHUXQJV
VWHOOH
Inspection mark
for KVH structural timber with finger-jointing
such marks are used for load-bearing structures.
the same as those for glued laminated timber
Marking of KVH structural timber
ble as an alternative in Germany, also in accord-
KVH structural timber is currently still marked
ance with DIN EN 14081-1 and the associated
with a "" mark, although it should be noted that
standard DIN V 20000-5. However, it is hardly likely
a distinction is made in the mark between KVH
that non-finger-jointed KVH structural timber
with finger-jointing (the general case) and KVH
with a CE mark of conformity will be available in
without finger-jointing. The "" mark provides
any great quantities, certainly for the next few
verification that the product conforms with the
years at least.
regulations of the building authorities.
35
Advantages of KVH structural timber

Dried structural timber components available in cross-sections of up to 14/26 cm
Dimensionally stable because they are kiln-dried to 15 3% and cut on a split-heart basis (free-of-heart on request)
Two qualities available:
- planed for exposed areas (Si)
- leveled for non-exposed areas (NSi)
Meets higher requirements than those specified in grading standard DIN 4074-1
Suitable for structural timber in timber frame buildings and timber house construction
Minimum tender specification work because of a clear agreement on quality
Resistant to insects thanks to kiln drying; preservative treatment can be dispensed with
Economical preferred cross-sections and lengths of up to 13 m available for immediate delivery from stock;
longer lengths available on request
Advantages of Duobalken and Triobalken beams

Larger cross-sections of up to 24/28 cm or 10/36 cm available
Dimensionally stable because they are kiln-dried to a maximum of 15%, cut on a split-heart basis
(free-of-heart on request) and glued
Fewer glued joints than glued laminated timber (max. 2) and the glued joints are hardly visible
Two qualities available:
- planed for exposed areas (Si)
- leveled for non-exposed areas (NSi)
Greater rigidity than solid timber of the same strength class
Suitable for voluminous or high cross-sections with high requirements in terms of appearance
Resistant to insects thanks to kiln drying; preservative treatment can be dispensed with
Economical preferred cross-sections and lengths of up to 13 m available for immediate delivery from stock;
longer lengths available on request
berwachungsgemeinschaft KVH
Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.
Elfriede-Stremmel-Str. 69
42369 Wuppertal - Germany
Service telephone:
Phone
++49 (0)700 - KVH DUO TRIO
or
++49 (0)700 - 58 43 866 87
Fax
++49 (0)202 978 35 79
E-mail
info@kvh.de
Internet www.kvh.de und www.kvh.eu
KVH

Technical Information - Timber Germany

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Technical Information - Timber Germany

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KVH

Technical Information - Issued 12/2009

2 Production and technical characteristics

3 Requirements and fields of application

4 Product range and preferred cross-sections

Residential, office and exhibition building Landmaschinen-fachbetrieb Rufer,

Residential building Schneider: Bauer Holzbau GmbH,

exposed applications which is visually

Duobalken und Triobalken

thousands of years of mans development, build-

graded or machine graded and is kiln-

Laminated beams in accordance

ings constructed of wood have repeatedly proved

dried, planed or exactly sized and co-

with DIN 1052 which have the same

their value throughout the centuries, not only

mes with defined dimensional stability.

properties as KVH and are made of

for providing comfortable shelter but for their

As a general rule KVH is finger-jointed.

either two or three individual lengths

It is normally supplied in lengths of 13

of wood with identical cross-sections

m, but longer lengths are available on

which are glued together. The indivi-

Better than required by the standards

dual lengths of wood are also finger-

Technical directives, regulations relating to build-

ing physics, changes in attitudes to the use of

drying, without any guarantee of

supplied in lengths of 13 m, but longer

energy and more exacting quality standards for

smoothly planed out surfaces.

lengths are available on request.

Exactly sized: Planed to size after

jointed like KVH. They are normally

5.1 Dimensioning principles in accordance with DIN 1052 9

6 Dimensioning reference tables

The requirements set out in the agreement on

recent decades into timber frame building and

KVH structural timber are actually far more

prefabricated timber panel construction, demand

stringent than those contained in the related

for high-quality construction timber has grown

standards, as explained below.

enormously. Modern timber construction requires

6.1 Cross-sectional values and dimensioning values

6.2 Ceiling beam cross-sections

6.3 Post cross-sections

6.4 Rafter cross-sections

7 Context provided by current standards

8 Tenders and principles of standards

dimensionally stable, kiln-dried structural timber

with precise dimensions. As the production tech-

The development of KVH structural timber

nology in carpenters shops has changed, with

and Duobalken and Triobalken beams means

CNC-controlled trimming lines now commonplace,

that customers are now able to count on high-

so materials with clearly defined specifications

precision materials which are available ex stock

have become a precondition for smooth produc-

in numerous dimensions and lengths in the form

tion processes. This is also reflected in the current