Sie sind auf Seite 1von 3

Classification of Antineoplastic Chemotherapeutic Agents

Conventional cytotoxic antineoplastic agents can be grouped by biochemical


mechanism of action into the following general categories: alkylating agents,
antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors, antineoplastic antibiotics, hormonal agents, and
miscellaneous. The clinically relevant drugs used in veterinary medicine are discussed
below, and the indications, mechanism of action, and toxicities of selected agents.

Mechanisms of Action, Indications, and Toxicities of Selected


Antineoplastic Agents
Drug
Mechanism of Action
Major Indications
Toxicities
Alkylating Agent - a substance that causes replacement of hydrogen by an alkyl group especially

in a biologically important molecule; specifically : one with mutagenic activity that inhibits cell
division and growth and is used to treat some cancers

Cyclophosphamide

Undergoes hepatic

Lymphoma, mammary

Nausea, vomiting

biotransformation to

adenocarcinoma,

(infrequent), moderate

active metabolites

sarcomas,

to severe

that alkylate DNA;

lymphocytic leukemia

myelosuppression,

alkylation leads to

sterile hemorrhagic

miscoding of DNA and

cystitis

cross-linking of DNA
strands.
Melphalan

Alkylates DNA causing Multiple myeloma

Nausea, vomiting,

miscoding and cross-

anorexia, moderate

linking of DNA

myelosuppression (may

strands

be more
myelosuppressive in cats)

Chlorambucil

Alkylates DNA causing Chronic lymphocytic

Nausea, vomiting, mild to

miscoding and cross-

leukemia, small-cell

moderate

linking of DNA

lymphoma

myelosuppression

strands; slowestacting alkylating


agent
Lomustine (CCNU)

Alkylates DNA causing Lymphoma, mast cell

Nausea, vomiting,

miscoding and cross-

tumor, histiocytic

moderate to severe

linking of DNA

sarcoma, CNS

myelosuppression (may

strands; inhibits both

neoplasias, multiple

be delayed for 46 wk),

DNA and RNA

myeloma

hepatotoxicity,

synthesis; not cross-

nephrotoxicity, pulmonary

resistant with other

toxicity

alkylating agents
Streptozotocin

Inhibits DNA

Insulinoma

Severe, potentially fatal

synthesis; high

nephrotoxicity (if given

affinity for pancreatic

without diuresis) and

cells

hepatotoxicity, nausea
(immediate and delayed),
vomiting, mild
myelosuppression

Dacarbazine (DTIC) Undergoes hepatic

Lymphoma, sarcomas

Severe acute nausea,

biotransformation to

vomiting, phlebitis,

active metabolites

moderate

that alkylate DNA;

myelosuppression,

inhibits RNA

hepatotoxicity, anecdotal

synthesis

reports of pleural effusion


in cats

Ifosfamide

Analogue of

Various sarcomas

Nausea, vomiting,

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen