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series of electron acceptors and donors until they reach a final electron acceptor
such as oxygen.
This process is more complex that substrate level phosphorylation because there
are involve a series of steps in the obtaining of energy as ATP. The cytoplasmic
membranes of bacteria contain the electron transfer systems. This system are
composed different components: cytochromes, iron-sulfur cluster enzymes,
flavoproteins, and quinolones.
The NADH and FAD H 2
because each contains a pair of electrons having a high transfer potential. These
molecules are used to reduce molecular oxygen to water, and in this process a
high amount of energy is liberate, which can be used to generate ATP.
E. coli under different conditions, use the electron transfer system and employs a
variety of substrates and terminal electron acceptors. The respiratory system is a
set of sites that contains different dehydrogenases and oxidases. The electron
transfer reactions are initiated by specific modular units as NADH. For example,
under conditions of vigorous aeration the membrane carriers include ubiquinone,
cytochromes. In this case, molecular oxygen functions as a terminal electron
acceptor, accepting electrons from electron carriers.
The electrons move along the transport chain going from donor to acceptor until
they reach oxygen. The components are organized into 4 complexes and each
complex contains different electrons carriers.
The complex I, also called NADH-Coenzyme Q reductase or NADH reductase
because this protein complex transfers 2 electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q.
This complex binds NADH, transfer two electrons in the form of a hydride to FMN
to produce NAD+ and FMN H 2 .
The complex II, also known as succinate-Coenzyme Q reductase or succinate
reductase. In this complex, succinate is bound and a proton is transferred to FAD
to generate FAD H 2
a time to the Fe-S centers. Then FAD functions as 2 electron acceptor and a 1
electron donor. The final step of this complex is the transfer of 2 electrons one at a
time to coenzyme Q to produce CoQ H 2 .
The complex III, also known as coenzyme Q reductase or coenzyme Qcytochrome c reductase, because it passes the electrons from CoQ H 2
to cyt C
O2 molecules.
In conclusion, E. coli can follow both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative
phosphorylation under different conditions for obtain energy that it needs. However,
substrate level phosphorylation produces a low yield compared with the high yield
in oxidative phosphorylation, this is important highlight because depending what is
your aim, will be the path we need to follow.