Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Vol. 6 /1998
ROGER
1.06{3.06.1998, Sibiu-Romania
On a problem of A. Lupas
Octavian Agratini
1 Introduction
At the International Dortmund Meeting held in Witten (Germany, March, 1995), A. Lupas [4] formulated the following problem. " Starting with the identity
1
()k k
a ; jaj < 1;
=
(1 a) k=0 k!
let = nx; x 0, and consider the linear positive operators
(1)
(Lnf )(x) = (1
1
X
0 1
1 (nx)k k k
X
a)nx
a f @ A;
n
k=0 k !
x 0;
=0
On a problem of A. Lupas
nlim
!1(Lne2)(x)
= e2(x):
2 The results
Firstly, we recall the common notation
()0 = 1; ()k = ( + 1) : : : ( + k 1); k 1:
For any real x 0 and integer r 0 we set
er (x) := xr ;
x;r (t)
:= (t x)r (t 0);
x;r )(x):
Octavian Agratini
[
a>0
Ea
2x
2x
; n;2(x) = :
n
n
On a problem of A. Lupas
n 1
n
In the following we are going to prove another estimate by
Theorem 3. Let
following inequality
j(Lnf )(x)
x 2 [0; b]; holds.
1
11 0
0
0
1
b
f (x)j @3 + 2b max @1; AA !2 B@f ; p CA ;
Octavian Agratini
(t) =
1 itk
X
e P (X
k=0
j;x
= k) = (2 eit) x:
On a problem of A. Lupas
If we set
1 Xn
Yn;x :=
X ; n 1;
n j =1 j
then the characteristic function of Yn;x will be n(t) = n(t=n)
which corresponds to the following distribution:
P (Yn;x = k=n) = ln;k (x)
where
(5)
ln;k (x) := 2
nx (nx)k ;
2k k!
k 0:
Octavian Agratini
by (4), we obtain
2
M (Xk;x) = x; M (Xk;x
) = x2 + 2x; Var(Xk;x) = 2x:
Theorem 5. If n 1;
0;
i=0
Z1
k
X
( 1)k isk;ii!(log 2) i ,
iii) ln;k (x) =
i
4(2x + 3x + 2)
pnx .
iv) ln;k (x) <
Here sk;i represents the Stirling numbers of the rst kind.
(n2k k!)
=0
3 Extensions
In order to obtain an approximation process in spaces of integrable functions, we introduce two integral modications of these
operators, Kantorovich-type operators
(Knf )(x) = n
1
X
k=0
ln;k (x)
k Z =n
( +1)
k=n
f (t)dt;
On a problem of A. Lupas
10
1
X
k=0
Z1
Z1
0
ln;k (x)dx:
References
[1] F. ALTOMARE and M. CAMPITI: Korovkin-Type Approximation
Theory and its Applications. de Gruyter Series Studies in Mathematics, Vol.17, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New-York, 1994.
[2] W. FELLER: An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications I,II. John Wiley, New-York, 1957 resp. 1966.
[3] H.H. GONSKA and J. MEIER: Quantitative theorems on approximation by Bernstein-Stancu operators, Calcolo 21(1984), 4, 317335.
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