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Experiment 203

Moment of Inertia
Flores, Arvin Christian S.
PHY11L/A7
November 6, 2015

Introduction
It is accepted that Inertia by definition is a resistance of an object in change of motion. It is
conceptualized by Galileo and Isaac Newton. For example when you slide a book, it will not stop because of the
lack of force but because of the presence of the force which is friction, without it the book may go on forever to
slide. Newton's first law, which describes the inertia of a body in linear motion, can be extended to the inertia of a
body rotating about an axis using the moment of inertia. The relationship between the net external torque and the
angular acceleration is of the same form as Newton's second law and is sometimes called Newton's second law for
rotation. Here in the experiment there will be a discussion with the determination of moment of inertia of disk and
a ring including the factors affecting it to vary. The setup of the apparatus was first done followed by the
experiment proper. The ability of a certain body to rotate or the moment of inertia of the two objects in
combination and the disk alone, it will be done in the same time. The object is allowed to rotate about its axis with
the aid of mass loads which serves as the tension causing it to rotate. The I of a ring is attained from the difference
of the total I and the I disk. Afterwards, the I of a disk is computed again but this time, it is rotated about its
diameter.

State Problem/Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is the determination of moment of inertia of disk and a ring including the variables
influencing it to rotate. The capacity of a certain body to turn or the moment of inertia of the two things combined
is done at the same time. The object is permitted to turn in its axis with the help of loads which serves as the strain
making it turn. The Inertia of a circle is to apply Newton's second law regarding the change in volume. This
clarifies the dissimilarity of the volume and density of an object can be the reason why inertia decreases or
increases. The equation below is used:
In order to get the actual value of moment of inertia of disk and ring,

I TOTAL

1
1
M DISK R 2 M RING R12 R22
2
2

To get the experimental value of moment of inertia in table 2

m g a r 2
a

To get the Actual value of moment of inertia of disk in table 2

I DISK

1
M DISK R 2
2

For the actual value of moment of inertia of disk

I DISK

1
M DISK R 2
4

Hypothesis
After analyzing the experiment to be done. If we determine the mass moment of inertia of the disk and the
ring then which has the greater moment of Inertia. Trial and error will play a big role here because in real life
standpoint air resistance and other external forces are included. In the latter part of the experiment the hypothesis
in this area if we compare the moment of inertia of solid disk rotated at two different axes: at the center and along
its diameter then maybe again we can identify which has the greater moment of Inertia.

Materials

1 set rotating platform


1 pc disk
1 pc ring
1 pc photogate
1 pc smart timer
1 pc smart pulley
1 set weights
1 pc mass hanger

1 pc vernier caliper

Caption: This the materials need for the experiment. Source: Group mates cellphone

Procedure
The experiment is separated into three parts. The first part is the setting up the apparatus. The
second part is the determination of Moment of Inertia of Disk and Ring (rotated about the center). The last part is
the determination of Moment of Inertia of Disk (rotated about the diameter). The gathered data is correlated with
other experiments. Setting-up the apparatus: The apparatus were making sure it is complete. Smart timer is
connected to the head photogate and a 220V outlet. The rod was attached to the cylinder along the shaft and the
other end is to the mass hanger. The rod must be placed tangent to the smart pulley. The disk was placed
horizontally leveled in the shaft. Other gadget was used in order to make the disk leveled. Determination of
moment of inertia of disk and ring: First, the diameter of the shaft was measured by a vernier calliper where the
rod is attached and diameter of the disk and the inner and outer ring was also measured. The mass of the ring and
the disk was already given. Double checking is advised especially to the position or level of the disk. The ring was
placed to the disk. Friction mass was determined by adding load into the mass hanger. Friction mass would be
constant for all the parts of the experiment. Then, the experiment first trial was begun. The acceleration was
measured by a smart timer. Smart timer must be set to acceleration, linear pulley. Constant increase of mass must
be load for every trial must be done to obtain uniformity of the acceleration. Solve for the experimental moment
of inertia of the disk and ring. The friction mass was not included in the computation. From then, the ring was
removed and the procedure was applied again until the data will be complete. The Determination of moment of

inertia of ring will be based on calculation since I Ring is the difference of the ITotal to IDisk. Determination of Moment
of Inertia of Disk rotated about the diameter: To begin with, relocate the disk from the vertical shaft. Rotate the
disk and embed the D-shaped opening on the hole to the shaft. Repeat the procedures done in the second part of
the experiment. Add a load to the mass hanger, set the smart timer to acceleration, linear pulley, drop the mass
hanger and the smart timer will do its place. Added mass must be put in every trial. Again, constant increase of
mass must be load for every trial to obtain uniformity increase of the acceleration.

Caption: Setup for Part 4, Source: Groupmate's cellphone

Results/Observations
Higher moments of inertia demonstrate that more force must be connected or put on in order to
cause a turn whereas lower moments of inertia means that only small forces are required. Masses that are further
far from the axis of rotation have the greatest moment of inertia. The moment of inertia can be calculated by its
volume and mass. By the application of Newton's Second Law of Motion, It determine the numerical estimation
of Inertia (I). The force present to the hanging mass is its own particular weight and tension plus the gravitational
force while the force that makes the disk rotating is the tension due to the mass hangs on the hanger. The heavier
the load in the mass hanger, the faster it rotates. On the data observed, adding constant amount of mass in every
trial will result to a consistent increase of acceleration. (Using the data sheet, mass of pan + mass added equates to

20 g, the acceleration equates to .9 cm/s 2 and when the mass of pan + mas added increase to 30 g, the acceleration
increase 1.3 cm/s2) As the hanging mass increases, the acceleration increases.

Analysis/Calculations
Table 1 & Table 2:
I = 5.31
0 = 11.76 + .939 = 6.3495

m g a r 2
a
I

Trial 1:

I
Trial 2:

Trial 3:

55(980 1.2) (1.4575) 2


95299.91889
1 .2

105 980 2.2 (1.4575) 2


99136.54472
2.2

155 980 3.2 (1.4575) 2


I
100508.8948
3.2

Table 3:

1 ring =

1
M RING R12 R22
2

= 149304.84
1 ring = 1total 1disk
= 144952.3580 98313.11947
= 96637.23853
Table 4:

gcm2

m g a r 2
a

gcm2

gcm2

Trial 1:

20 980 .09 (1.4575) 2


I
46220.18332
.9
I

Trial 2:

I
Trial 3:

30 980 1.3 (1.4575) 2


47978.2737
1 .3

gcm2

gcm2

40 980 1.7 (1.4575) 2


48899.03069
1 .7

gcm2

After doing the experiment, it proves that the moment of inertia of the disk (rotated about the center) is greater
than the moment of inertia of the ring (rotated about the center). Even though the ring has a greater mass than the
disk, but the disk have greater radius than of the ring. In computing the values using the formula, the disk has a
greater value of moment of inertia. The moment of inertia on the disk is greater than that of the ring because the
mass of the disk is evenly distributed. Also the moment of inertia of the disk is greater when it is rotated about the
center is because the mass distributed is far from the center mass of the disk and also the axis of rotation.

Conclusion
Even though the mass of a particular rigid body constant the moment of inertia is not constant because of the
external forces which act upon the system and also the change in the acceleration of the rotation for every trial.
The factors that affect the moment of inertia can be the change in acceleration of a certain body is distance from
the axis, density of the rigid body, the position of the object and the axis of rotation of the system and etc.

The cause of the changes on the rotational motion of a rigid body is because of the net torque.

Literature Cited

Fundamentals of Physics Extended, 10th Edition

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/moment-inertia-torque-d_913.html

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mi2.html

http://emweb.unl.edu/NEGAHBAN/EM223/note19/note19.htm

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Inertia-and-Mass

TABLE 1. Determination of Moment of Inertia of Disk and Ring (rotated about the center)

DISK
TABLE 2. 3.Determination
ofofMoment
ofofDisk
about
the
Actual
value
of
moment
of inertia
of disk and
MomentofofInertia
Inertia
Ring(rotated
(rotated
about
thecenter)
center)
mass TABLE
of disk, Determination
= 1394.40 grams
Actual
value
of
moment
of
inertia
of
disk,
ring
M
DISK
Mass of ring,
Actual value of moment of inertia
of ring
ring = 1439.3 grams
MM
RING
mass of disk,
= 1394.40 grams
I

I
1
DISK
RING 2
mass
of ring,
= R
1439.30
Inner
radius of ring,
cm
Iring
I DISK M TOTAL
R 2= 1/2M
1 = 5.31grams
disk(R2+R )
DISK

R DISK
R

DISKR = 6.3495 cm
1 Iring = 49304.84
1
Outer
radius of ring,
gcm2 2 2 2
2
radius
of disk,
= 11.761
cm
I TOTAL M DISK R=2 96437.48556
M RING Rg-cm
radius of disk,
=
11.761
cm
1 R2
Experiment
value of moment of inertia radius,
(by
r = 1.4575
friction mass
= 30 grams
2 difference),
2 cm
R1
a
2
TRIAL
(mass of pan + mass
experimental
value of moment of inertia,
Iring = 46637.23853
gcm
inner radius of ring,
=
5.31
cm
acceleration,
I
m
TOTAL
% difference
0.8268 %
R2
added),
= 145,742.3265 g-cm2
ring, = 6.34951.2
cm cm/s2
1 outer radius
55 ofgrams
95299.91889
gcm2
2
r = 1.4575 cm gcm2
2
105
grams
2.2 cm/s
friction
mass = 30 grams
radius, 99136.54472
2
3
155 grams
3.2 cm/s2
100508.8948
gcmof
experimental
value of moment
inertia,
2
(mass of average
pan + mass
98315.11947
gcm
2
a
m g a r
TRIAL
m
I 0.48
% difference
%
acceleration,
added),
a
TABLE 4. Determination of Moment of Inertia
of Disk (rotated about the diameter)
1
55 grams
0.8 cm/s2
143008.2968
gcm2of disk,
Actual
value of moment
of inertia
M DISK
2
2
105 grams
1.5 cm/s
145504.3564 gcm2
Idisk= 48218.74278 g-cm2 2
mass
of
disk,
=
1394.40
grams
2
3
155 grams
2.2 cm/s
146349.4232 gcm

radius of disk,

R DISKAverage

= 11.761 cm
% difference
friction mass = 30 grams
(mass of pan + mass

TRIAL
1
2
3

added),
20 grams
30 grams
40 grams
average
% difference

144952.3588 gcm2
0.30
%
radius, r = 1.4575 cm

acceleration,
.9 cm/s2
1.3 cm/s2
1.7 cm/s2

experimental value of moment of inertia,


46220.18332
47978.2737
48899.03069
47699.16257
1.08

gcm2
gcm2
gcm2
gcm2
%

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