CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Disaster as defined by IFRC(International Federation of
Red Cross) is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously
disrupts

the

functioning

of

community

or

society

and

causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses

that exceed the communitys or societys ability to cope
using its own resources. Though often caused by nature,
disasters

can

have

human

origins.

disaster

in

their

natural forms includes typhoons, earthquake, tsunami and

volcanic eruptions whereas there is one destructive man-made
disaster which is war. Fire is an example of a disaster that
can be caused by both factors stated above.
Fire

is

combustion

or

burning,

in

which

substances

combine chemically with oxygen from the air and typically

give out bright light, heat, and smoke (Oxford Dictionary).
A

fire

disaster

wildfires,

can

accidental

be

providential

(human

error

(natural)
or

such

as

negligence)

or

intentional such as the crime of arson. An intentional cause

of fire, legally termed as arson, is the wilful malicious
burning of property (as building) especially with criminal

or fraudulent intent (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) is a crime

stated in criminal laws of most countries one of which is
the Philippines. However, fires, even in accidental causes,
displaces

hundreds

to

thousands

of

families

from

their

homes, costs hundreds of thousands to millions worth of

damage

to

property

and

may

even

be

cause

of

several

deaths.
In connection to the disastrous effects of fire, the
Bureau of Fire Protection(BFP) under the DILG and by virtue
of Republic Act 6975, otherwise known as DILG Act of 1990,
is

primarily

prevention

to

and

perform

and

suppression

be
of

responsible
destructive

for

the

fires

on

buildings, houses or other structures, forest lands, land

transportation vehicles and equipment, ships and vessels
docked

at

piers

or

wharves

anchored

in

major

seaports,

petroleum industry installations, plane crashes and other

similar activities. The recent statistics available at the
National

Statistical

Coordination

Board(NSCB)

shows

that

there are 12,301 total fire incidents occurred in the year

2013

nationwide

which

is

39.8%

higher

than

8,798

fire

reported in 2012 and 39.4% higher than the fires recorded in

2011and 14.2% higher than the 10,773 fires posted in 2010.
The

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

data

shows

that

1,478

incidents and 85 fire-related injuries happened in Region VI

in 2013, higher than 990 incidents with 67 injuries recorded
in 2012. Whereas Capiz had only 59 cases coming in third
from the second highest province, Negros Occidental with 518
cases and the first which is Iloilo with 739 cases.
As

shown

by

the

most

recent,

available

statistics,

ranking at the third in highest related fire incident, it

can be construed that the Bureau of Fire Protection in the
province of Capiz has problems dealing with fire. Problems
can

be

categorized

into

three

namely:

Human/Personnel,

Material/Facilities and Economic/Financial. In the Personnel

side, according to the Philippine Figures of the National
Statistics Office(NSO), the ratio of fireman to population
as

of

2012

is

nationwide.

In

encountered

are

1:589
the

from

material

lack

of

the

16,252

side,

fire

the

trucks,

total

firemen

common

problems

fire

hydrants

available, and more will be included in this research as the

study

progresses.

Financial

problems

originate

from

the

Department of Budget Management appropriation towards the

Bureau of Fire Protection. Lack of financial support is a
prime cause that allows the two other problems (Human and
Material) to manifest.

Fire-fighters, before being inducted into the Bureau of

Fire

Protection,

concerns

of

undergo

not

only

series

of

extinguishing

training

fire,

in

but

which

also

the

prevention or suppression of the same. The number of the

firemen as well as their ratio to the population, as stated
above, is not suffice to actually prevent fire especially in
the province of Capiz in which there are only seven fire
stations serving the whole province of 16 municipalities a
city, two for the First Congressional District, in which has
the

city

has

one

sub-station

and

five

for

the

Second

Congressional District.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the problems encountered
by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters

in

the

Province of Capiz.
Specifically,

it

sought

to

answer

the

following

questions:
1. What are the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire
Protection firefighters in the Province?
2. What

is

the

degree

of

seriousness

encountered

by

the

Bureau

firefighters

in

term

of
4

of

Human

on

the

Fire
Resources

problems

Protection
factors,

Financial

Resources

factors

and

Material

Resources

factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz?

3. Is

there

encountered

significant
by

difference

Bureau

of

Fire

in

the

problems

Protection

in

the

province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station

in the Province of Capiz?
4. Is there significant relationship on the three problems
encountered
Resources

such

and

as

Human

Material

Resources,

Resources

and

Financial

the

degree

of

seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau

of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz?
Hypotheses
In this study, the researchers have advanced their null
hypothesis:
1. There

is

no

encountered

significant
by

Bureau

difference
of

Fire

in

the

problems

Protection

in

the

province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station

in the Province of Capiz?
2. There

is

no

significant

relationship

on

the

three

problems encountered such as Human Resources, Financial

Resources

and

Material

Resources

and

the

degree

of

seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau

of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz.

Theoretical Framework
Systems theory was originally proposed by Hungarian
biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1928, although it has
not been applied to organizations until recently (Kast and
Rosenzweig, 1972; Scott, 1981). The foundation of systems
theory is that all the components of an organization are
interrelated, and that changing one variable might impact
many

others.

Organizations

are

viewed

as

open

systems,

continually interacting with their environment. They are in

a

state

of

dynamic

equilibrium

as

they

adapt

to

environmental changes.
Senge
understanding

(1990)
how

describes
our

actions

systems
shape

our

thinking
reality.

as:
If

believe that my current state was created by somebody else,

or by forces outside my control, why should I hold a vision?
The central premise behind holding a vision is that somehow
I can shape my future, Systems thinking helps us see how our
own actions have shaped our current reality, thereby giving
us confidence that we can create a different reality in the
future.
6

Systems

theory

as

applied

to

the

study

of

this

research, is that the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire

Protection

firefighters

in

the

Province

of

Capiz.

As

identified, we identified 3 major problems that the Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

encounters

namely:

Human

Resources,

Material Resources and Financial Resources. Systems theory

suggests that one area of difficulty may have an impact on
another area that will result to another difficulty.
RESEARCH PARADIGM
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

DEPENDENT VARIABLES
Problems encountered by
Bureau of Fire Protection

Location of Fire Station

firefighters in the
Province of Capiz
Factors
Human Resources

Financial Resources
Material Resources

Degree of seriousness of
problems framework
Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the conceptual
showing differences and the relationship of variables.
Conceptual Framework
7

Figure 1. Illustrates the descriptive variables covered

in the study.

As shown, the study is focused on problems

encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the

Province of Capiz, and finding out if there is significant
difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire
Protection firefighters in terms of Location of the Fire
station in the in the Province of Capiz. The independent
variables are the location of Fire Station Capiz and the
three

identified

Resources,

categories

Financial

of

Resources

problems
and

namely:

Material

Human

Resources.

Whereas, the dependent variable are the problems encountered

by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of
Capiz.

Significance of the Study

This study would be of importance to the following:
Bureau of Fire Protection. As the target of this research,
the

study

aims

recommendation

to

to
the

identify,
involved

analyse
to

and

address

the

give

out

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in

the

province

to

improve

prevention

destructive fires.

and

suppression

of

Department of Interior and Local Government. As the

agency

who

directly

supervises

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection, this research and its findings may allow the

agency to solve specific problems that are addressed in this
study.
Local Government Unit. As the local executive unit,
it is the function of the LCUs to see the welfare of its
community. This research will allow Local Government Units
to focus onto the Bureau of Fire Protection problems and
giving solution to its existing burden.
Community. As a society which needs the help in times
of disaster, the community will benefit the addressing of
the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection
firefighters

to

better

perform

their

duties

and

responsibilities
Future

Researchers.

This

study

would

benefit

the

future

researchers by using it as a reference for their study of

related field.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study limited to finding out the problems encountered

by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of
Capiz.
The instrument will used in this study is a survey
questionnaire.
assigned

in

The

the

respondents

Roxas

city

will

Fire

be

all

Marshal

firefighters

and

different

municipality in the Province of Capiz.

The descriptive research design will be utilize in this
study.
The

demographic

profile

of

the

respondents

will

be

limited to age, sex, civil status, length of service.

Definition of Terms
For the better understanding of the readers/researchers
the

following

definitions

are

defined

conceptually

and

operationally.
Bureau of Fire Protection. Created by virtue of RA
6975

under

Department

of

Interior

Local

Government.

Primarily to perform and be responsible for the prevention

and suppression of destructive fires on buildings, houses or
other structures, forest lands, land transportation vehicles
and equipment, ships and vessels docked at piers or wharves
10

anchored

in

major

seaports,

petroleum

industry

installations, plane crashes and other similar activities.

It is the research target in which the study aims to
identify the problems and give out recommendations to the
concerning

agency

to

aid

in

providing

solution

to

the

problem.
Encountered. To come upon a person or a difficulty
such

as

problem.

(www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/encountered)
In

this

study,

it

is

the

identification

of

the

problems being experienced of the Bureau of Fire Protection

fire fighters.
Fire-fighters. A person whose job is to extinguish
fires. (www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/firefighters)
In this study, they are the targeted respondents on
what are the problems encountered.
Problems.
consideration,

question
or

raised

solution.

for

inquiry,

(www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/problems)
It is the focus of the study to identify the problems and
give out recommendation to solve these specific problems.

11

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

12

This chapter presents a review of literature relevant

to the present study. It consists of related literatures and
studies in the Philippines and abroad and likewise studies
whose

implications

are

to

some

extent

related

to

the

investigation at hand.
Foreign Studies
According

to

Kirtley

et.

al,

(2007),

on

study

titled: Mitigation of the Rural Fire Problem: Strategies

Based on Original Research and Adaptation of Existing Best
Practices. The following are recommendations for further
research and for implementation of
programs

for

USFA,

organizations

NFPA,

interested

and
in

other

national

mitigating

the

and

local

rural

fire

problem .
(1) We recommend the development and implementation of a
model

multihazard

survey

for

homes

that

could

be

incorporated as a voluntary outreach program and used to

identify

homes

that

need

changes

in

their

equipment.

Equipment checked could include both portable and stationary

space heaters, electrical wiring and related parts of the
electrical distribution system, and smoke alarms .The survey
also

could

check

related

conditions,

such

as

locked,

blocked, or inoperable doors and windows that are part of

primary

or

alternate

escape
13

routes.

For

greatest

effectiveness and least burden on the households, the survey

would

be

conducted

by

trained

professionals,

though

not

necessarily certified fire inspectors or electricians, with

the consent of the households .Despite the term survey,
this

is

not

envisioned

as

hand-off

instrument

for

households to use to review their own equipment. After the

survey the residents of the household would be given a list
of prioritized safety hazards that should be corrected .In
an ideal program there would be community block grants or
other funding that would help the property owner to follow
through on some of the improvements suggested by the survey;
(2)

We

recommend

partnering

with

national

and

regional

organizations and agencies such as the U .S .Environment

Protection Agency (EPA), the Southwest Indian Foundation;
the U .S .Department of Agriculture (DOA); the Hearth, Patio
and

Barbecue

Association;

and

the

HEARTH

Education

Foundation to develop programs that would replace problem

space heaters; (3) We recommend the development of a program
for improvement of rural electrical system safety that will
set

priorities

in

terms

of

the

range

of

hazards

and

conditions that may be identified in a survey and will

identify

affordable

modifications

suitable

existing

homes;

We

the

(4)

recommend

for

use

development

of

in
a

national strategy to install working smoke alarms in every

14

rural home; (5) We recommend the development of a DVD/video

that

would

communicate

communities

and

the

would

importance

portray

of

the

reaching

variety

rural

of

rural

communities in the United States by region and group type;

and (6) We recommend increased research on effective ways to
meet the needs of the rural fire service.

Local Studies
According to Bacareza, (2012), on a study titled:
Capability of The Bureau of Fire Protectionnational Capital
Region in Responding to Chemical Biological Radiological
Nuclear Explosives and Hazardous Materials in Metro Manila:
an Assessment. The findings of the study are as follows: The
study arrived at the following findings: On the status of
the BFP with regard to
created

by

following

virtue

its

of

functions:

expanded

RA

6975

Responsible

role, the

primarily
for

the

to

and
of

of

the

Phil.

if necessary
emergency,

assist

the

AFP

(PD

file
upon

in

2008,

the

case
the

BFPs

the

in

court;

national
Fire

role

Code

was
15

of

Investigate

direction

meeting

passage of RA 9514 or
of

1185);

perform

the

its

and

of

and
Fire

causes

In

times

the President

emergency.
of

was

prevention

suppression of destructive fires; Enforcement

Code

BFP

the

extended

With

the

Philippines
to

include:

enforcement
Safety

of

the

Fire

Code,

Inspection

and

Ensuring

Measures for Manufacture, Storage, Handling& Use of

Hazardous
handling

Materials.
HAZMATs

mandate,

and

policies,

(personnel,
capabilities,

On

the

CBRNE
and

level

of

incidents

its
in

identified

policies

and

logistics,

funding,

capability
terms

in

of

its

implementing

unit

systems,

human

coordinative

resource
mechanism,

public information management, and drills/exercises), it can

be concluded that the respondents highest assessment with
90% approval score was in terms of awareness to RA 9514 or
the

New

Fire

Code

of

to

responding

HAZMATs

the

highest

assessment

capability
hazardous

of

the

the

and CBRNE.
with

BFP-NCR

materials

is

Philippines

in

On

regard

in

the

application
other

hand,

measuring

the

responding

to

CBRNE

and

on policy on response specifically

at Office/Fire Station level with a total approval rating of

89% while the lowest assessment provided by the respondents
is

in

terms

of

improving

human

resource

capabilities

relative to the personnels participation in Operation Level

CBRNE training.

Hence, it can

BFP-NCR

enhance

should

be

construed

that

the

its human resource capabilities

taking into consideration the expanded role of the BFP in

responding to HAZMATs and CBRNE incidents. This was further
supported by the fact that the respondents were one in
16

saying that the conduct of regular drills and exercises as

part

of

the

key

CBRNE

priority

assessment
responding

Station

in
to

for

terms
CBRNE

of
with

Preparedness
the

Plan

should

be

BFPNCR. While their lowest

the

BFP-NCRs

regard

to

the

capability
BFP

in

Operational

Manual on CBRNE means that there is no Operational Manual in

place.
[http://hems.doh.gov.ph/uploads/publication_attachments/fff5
dea508162f3cbd8b53b3d9b66e47bf765502.pdf]

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method of research used, the
respondents,

the

instruments

17

including

its

validity

and

reliability,

the

manner

of

fielding,

gathering

and

processing procedures, the statistical tools used for the

analysis and interpretation of data.
Place of the Study and Respondents of the Study
This
academic

study

will

conduct

year

2015-2016

in

on

the

the

second
Province

semester
of

of

Capiz

specifically in the Fire Stations of: Roxas City, President

Roxas, Dao, Dumarao, Cuartero, Mambusao, Dumalag, Ivisan,
Jamindan, Sigma and Tapaz.
Table 1. Distribution of the respondents in relationship to
their respective Fire Stations.
Fire Station
Roxas City
Dao
Tapaz
Sigma
Ivisan
Mambusao
Jamindan
Dumarao
Dumalag
President Roxas
Total

Frequency
31
9
10
8
13
25
11
9
11
11
139

Percentage
22.43%
6.57%
7.19%
5.90%
9.34%
17.99%
7.99%
6.59%
7.99%
7.99%
100%

This study had utilized one hundred thirty-nine (139)

Fire personnel in the Province of Capiz.
Roxas

City

has

the

greatest

number

respondents

of

thirty-one (31), Mambusao with twenty-five (25) respondents,

18

Ivisan with thirteen (13) respondents, Jamindan, President

Roxas and Dumalag with eleven (11) respondents each, Tapaz
with ten (10) respondents, Dao and Dumarao with nine (9)
respondents

each,

and

Sigma

with

the

least

number

of

respondents of eight (8).

Table 2.

Socio-demographic profile of the respondents when

classified according to sex, age, civil status and length of

service.
Independent Variables

Frequency

Percent (%)

Male

110

79.14

Female

29

20.86

Total

139

100%

21 years old to 40 years old

85

61.15

41 years old and above

54

38.85

Total

139

100%

Single

48

34.53

Married

90

64.75

0.72

139

100%

SEX

AGE
21 years old and below

CIVIL STATUS

Widow/er
Total
LENGTH OF SERVICE
19

8 years and below

89

64.03

9 years to 15 years

33

23.74

16 years and above

17

12.23

Total

139

100%

Profile of the Respondents

Table

shows

the

socio-demographic

profile

of

the

respondents. The data in table 1 revealed that of the 139

respondents, 110 or 79.14% were males and the remaining
twenty-nine (29) or 20.86 % were females.

In terms of age, none of the respondents was twenty-one

(21) years old and below. Eighty-five (85) or 61.15% of the
respondents were twenty-two to forty (22 - 40) years old and
the remaining fifty-four (54) or 38.85% of the respondents
were forty-one (41) years old and above.
In terms of civil status, forty-eight (48) or 34.53% of
the respondents were single. Ninety (90) or 64.75% of the
respondents were married and the remaining one (1) or 0.72%
of the respondents were widowed or widower.
Finally,

when

the

length

of

service

was

put

into

consideration, eighty-nine (89) or 64.03% of the respondents

had eight (8) years and below of service, thirty-three (33)
20

or 23.74% of the respondents had nine to fifteen (9 - 15)

years of service and the remaining seventeen (17) or 12.23%
of the respondents had sixteen (16) years and above of
service.
Purpose of the Study
This study will be conducted to determine of what are
the

problems

encountered

by

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the Province of Capiz during the Calendar

Year 2015-2016. Furthermore, this study also determine if
the three major factors such as Human Resources, Financial
Resources and Material Resources has a significant relation
in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection
firefighters in Province of Capiz.
Research Design
This study will use the descriptive type of research
which endeavors to describe systematically and objectively a
situation, problem or phenomenon.
Research Instrument
The instrument used in gathering data will be a survey
questionnaire this will be composed of three parts. Part I
dealt on the socio-demographic profile of the respondents
such

as

age,

sex,

civil

status,

21

length

of

service

and

educational attainment. Part II it deals on the problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in
the

Province

of

Capiz.

Part

III

dealt

on

degree

of

seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau of

Fire

Protection

firefighters

in

term

of

Human

Resources

factors, Financial Resources factors and Material Resources

factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz?
Data Analysis Procedure
Scoring Items
In order to interpret and analyze the data on the
problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the province of Capiz and the degree of

seriousness of the same problems, each item was scored and
tabulated using the following scoring guide as basis:
Score

Scoring Interval

Response Categories/
Verbal Interpretation

4.20-5.0

Always/Very Serious

3.40-4.19

Frequent/Serious

2.60-3.39

Often/Fairly Serious

1.80-2.59

Seldom/Not Serious

1.0-1.79

Never/Not Very Serious

Statistical Tools

22

The data gathered in this study will be organized and

tabulated for statistical treatment in order to answer the
specific problems of the study. The frequency count, mean
and percentage, ANOVA and Chi Square Test will be used to
arrive the specific result.
Frequency Counts and Percentage. These were used to
determine number of observations.
Frequency Count = n/N = x 100%
Where:
n = sample size
N = total population
Mean. This was used to determine the average of each
responses.
The formula used for the mean will be adapted from
Downie and Heath, 1984
x
X =
N
Where:

= Mean

x = sum of scores
N

= number of cases

23

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). This test was set at 0.05

alpha

level,

was

used

to

determine

if

there

was

significant difference among several variables considered in

the study.
Mean square between
F

=
Mean square within

Chi Square Test of Independence. This test was used to

determine the significant relationship between the three
categorical

variables

namely:

Human

Resources,

Resources and Financial Resources.

Formula:
x 2=

Where:

( OE )2
E

the p value of the variables

the sum of

observed frequency

expected frequency

24

Material

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The

gathered

presents

the

findings,

analyses,

and

interpretation of the gathered data from the respondents of

the study to find out the problems encountered by the Bureau
of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz of
this year 2015 2016.

Table 3. Mean and Verbal Interpretation of problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in
the Province of Capiz.
25

Statements
HUMAN RESOURCES
1. Delay in fire

Mean
response

due

Verbal Interpretation

to

congested traffic route.

2.58
2. Deficiency in personnel training

Not Serious

and management.
3.
Slow
fire

2.53

Not Serious

physically unfit fire personnel.

2.37
4.
Lacking
needed
manpower
for

Not Serious

personnel
5. Poor planning

2.66

Fairly Serious

2.57
2.68
2.53

Not Serious
Fairly Serious
Not Serious

2.83

Fairly Serious

3.14

Fairly Serious

2.91
2.68

Fairly Serious
Fairly Serious

responding several fire incidents.

2.66
2. Old or dilapidated fire trucks.
2.71
3. Lack of fire hydrants present

Fairly Serious
Fairly Serious

near or on fire incident.

4. Old or rusted fire hose.
5. Lack of fireproof uniforms.

Not Serious
Not Serious
Not Serious

response

with

due

to

regards

responding to fire incidents.

6. Inexperienced firefighters.
7. Lack of fire investigators.
8. Firefighters do not undergo

to

an

upgrading program such as responding

to HAZMAT or CBRNE incidents.
9.
Firefighters
are
unable
communicate

properly

communication.
10. Fire personnel

through
do

not

to

radio
have

extensive knowledge to treat fires

according to specific chemicals used
in firefighting.
AVERAGE MEAN
MATERIAL RESOURCES
1. Poorly maintain

fire

trucks

26

in

2.58
2.30
2.49

6.

Not

separated

gender-concerned

facilities (e.g. sleeping quarters,

bathrooms, etc.)
7.
Inadequate

2.37

Not Serious

2.52

Not Serious

2.64
2.70

Fairly Serious
Fairly Serious

3.05
2.60

Fairly Serious
Fairly Serious

3.15
3.00

Fairly Serious
Fairly Serious

purchasing up-to-date equipment.

2.94
4. Funds are not properly allocated

Fairly Serious

equipment.
8. Lack of

communication

investigative

fire investigation.
9. Outdated equipment.
10. The current Bureau

gear

of

for

Fire

Protection does not utilize advanced

firefighting

technology

such

as

specific chemicals to specific type

of fire (e.g. Aqueous Film Forming
Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM200 to Class C Fire)
AVERAGE MEAN
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
1. Lack of incentives

in

regards

with hazard pay.

2. Lesser salary grade.
3.
Insufficient
budget

for

according to the needs of the fire

station.
5. Bureau

3.06

Fairly Serious

Fire Prevention Program.

3.22
6. Bureau of Fire Protection do not 3.01

Fairly Serious
Fairly Serious

of

Fire

Protection

does

not have enough resources to conduct

have any means to collect auxilliary

27

funds

to

increase

self-allocation

other than mentioned in Sections 13

and 14 of PD 1185.
7. The Bureau of Fire Protection of
the

Province

of

Capiz

has

high

obligation in its allocation leading

to lower annual allocation.
8.
The
Bureau
do
not

3.28

Fairly Serious

have

substantial

their

fees

two-percentum

(2%)

3.63

Serious

of Capiz.
3.54
10. The Bureau of Fire Protection do

Serious

gains

collection

of

in

from premiums, gross sales of fire

equipment or service fees (Section
13 and 14 of PD 1185)
9.
The
Fire
Inspection

Fee

equivalent to ten-percent (10%) of

all fees charged is not enough to
add to the allocation of the Bureau
of Fire Protection in the Province

not have a standard disbursement to

personnel

training

management

leading

and
to

facility
a

under

trained firemen and old or lacking

facilities.
AVERAGE MEAN
GRAND MEAN

3.65
3.25
2.84
28

Serious
Fairly Serious
Fairly Serious

Problems encountered by the

Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters
in the Province of Capiz
Table 3 has shown the mean and verbal interpretation of
problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the Province of Capiz. Statements with the

greatest mean among the three categorized variables such as
Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources
are

stated

as

follows:

firefighters

are

unable

to

communicate properly through radio communication with a mean

of 3.14, The current Bureau of Fire Protection does not
utilize advanced firefighting technology such as specific
chemicals

to

specific

type

of

fire

(e.g.

Aqueous

Film

Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM-200 to Class C

Fire) with a mean of 3.05 and The Bureau of Fire Protection
do not have a standard disbursement to personnel training
and facility management leading to a under trained firemen
and

old

or

lacking

facilities

with

mean

of

3.65.

Statements with the least mean among the three categorized

variables such as Human Resources, Material Resources and
Financial Resources are respectively stated as follows: slow
fire response due to physically unfit fire personnel with a
mean of 2.37, old or rusted fire hose with a mean of 2.30

29

and insufficient budget for purchasing up-to-date equipment

with a mean of 2.94.

Table 4. ANOVA result on the difference in the problems

encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the
province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station.
Source of
Variation
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

Sum of
Squares
2.31
2.32
4.63

Mean
Square
0.257
0.232

Df
9
10
19

F value
1.107

Tabular F - Value = 3.02

df = 9 - 10
Level of Significance = 0.05
Difference in the problems encountered
by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters
in the province of Capiz in terms of
location of fire station
The location of fire station of the respondents did not
yield a significant difference in the problems encountered
by Bureau of Fire Protection. The result was reflected in
table 4. The respondents were classified according to their
location

of

fire

station.

There

is

no

significant

difference found based on the Computed F Value (1.107) which

is greater than the alpha level 0.05. This indicated that,
the

respondents,

regardless

of

their

location

of

fire

station, has the same perception on the problems encountered

by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters. Thus the

30

Prob.
n.s.

hypothesis

which

stated

that

there

is

no

significant

difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire

Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of
fire station in the Province of Capiz was accepted.
Table 5. Chi square test result on relationship of the
three factors: Human Resources, Material Resources and
Financial Resources in the problems encountered by the
Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz

Problems Encountered On
Human
Material
Financial
Resources
Resources Resources
DEGREE OF
SERIOUSNESS
Not Very
Serious
Not Serious
Fairly Serious
Serious
Very Serious
Total

31
39
29
25
15
139

27
43
38
20
11
139

2
29
55
38
15
139

2 = 81.777
df = 8
= 0.05
critical value of 2 = 15. 507
Relationship of the three factors:
Human Resources, Material Resources
and Financial Resources in the
problems encountered by the
Bureau of Fire Protection
firefighters in Province
of Capiz
The Chi-square test of independence in table 5 revealed
that

there

between

the

is

significant

relationship

that

existed

three

categorical

variables

the

problems

31

in

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in

the Province of Capiz. The table reveals that the three
categorical

variables

namely:

Human

Resources,

Material

Resources and Financial Resources yield a result of 2 =

81.777 significantly greater than the critical value of 2 =
15. 507 at eight (8) df and significance level of 0.05. Any
value larger than the critical value of 2 leads to the
rejection of the null hypothesis. Thus, the hypothesis which
stated that there is no significant relationship on the
three factors such as Human Resources, Financial Resources
and Material Resources in the problems encountered by the
Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz
was rejected.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS
This chapter presented the summary of the study, its
findings, conclusions, recommendations, and implications.
Summary

32

This study was conducted to determine the degree of

seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of
Fire Protection firefighters. The results were expected to
provide implications to alleviate the problems encountered
by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters

in

the

province of Capiz.
Specifically,

it

sought

to

determine

the

degree

of

seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of

Fire

Protection

firefighters:

(1)

What

are

the

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in

the Province?; (2) What is the degree of seriousness on the
problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in term of Human Resources factors, Financial

Resources factors and Material Resources factors and as a
whole in the province of Capiz?; (3) Is there a significant
difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire
Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of
fire

station

in

the

Province

of

Capiz?;

(4)

Is

there

significant relationship on the three factors such as Human

Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources in the
problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in Province of Capiz.

The null hypotheses of this study were the following:
33

There

is

no

significant

difference

in

the

problems

encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of

Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province
of Capiz.
There is no significant relationship on the three problems
encountered such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and
Material Resources and the degree of seriousness on the
problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in Province of Capiz.

The data needed for the study were gathered with the
use of the researcher-made instrument. The data-gathering
instrument was composed of two parts. Part I, it gathered
the respondents socio-demographic profile which includes
sex, age, civil status, and length of service. Part II,
these are the items that described the degree of seriousness
of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection
firefighters in the province of Capiz. Participants were
asked to check the appropriate column that corresponded to
their choice that best interpreted their perception.
Findings
Statistics

revealed

that

out

of

139

respondents,

majority 110 or 79.14% were males and the remaining twenty-

34

nine (29) or 20.86 % were females. If the respondents were

classified according to age, none of the respondents was
twenty-one (21) years old and below. Eighty-five (85) or
61.15% of the respondents were twenty-two to forty (22 - 40)
years old and the remaining fifty-four (54) or 38.85% of the
respondents were forty-one (41) years old and above. In
terms of civil status, forty-eight (48) or 34.53% of the
respondents

were

single.

Ninety

(90)

or

64.75%

of

the

respondents were married and the remaining one (1) or 0.72%

of the respondents were either widowed or widower. In terms
of length of service, eighty-nine (89) or 64.03% of the
respondents

had

eight

(8)

years

and

below

of

service,

thirty-three (33) or 23.74% of the respondents had nine to

fifteen

(9

15)

years

of

service

and

the

remaining

seventeen (17) or 12.23% of the respondents had sixteen (16)

years and above of service. The degree of seriousness of the
problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters, as revealed by the overall mean of 2.84 is

Fairly

Serious.

The

result

implied

that

all

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in

the

province

of

Capiz

has

somehow

performance of their duties.

35

significant

in

the

Results
difference

revealed

existed

in

that
the

there

degree

was

of

no

significant

seriousness

of

the

problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the

province of Capiz when the location of fire station is taken
into consideration, Tabular F value, F0.05

(9 40)

= 3.02 was

greater than the Computed F Value (1.107). This indicated

that, the respondents, regardless of their location of fire
station,

has

the

same

perception

on

the

degree

of

seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of

Fire

Protection

stated

that

firefighters.

there

is

no

Thus

the

significant

hypothesis

difference

which

in

the

problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the

province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in
the Province of Capiz was accepted.
Lastly, data revealed that there is a significant
relationship
determine

across

the

the

degree

categorical

of

seriousness

variables
of

used

the

to

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province

of

Capiz,

critical

value

significance

81.777
of

level

2
of

significantly

15.

0.05.

507
This

at

greater
eight

indicates

than

(8)
that

the

df

and

Human

Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are

significantly related to one another. Thus, the hypothesis

36

which states that there is no significant relationship on

the

three

factors

such

as

Human

Resources,

Financial

Resources and Material Resources in the problems encountered

by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of
Capiz was rejected.
Conclusions
Considering
researchers
problems

the

concluded

encountered

findings
that

by

the

the

of

the

most

Bureau

study,

common
of

the

encountered

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the Province of Capiz are the statements

with

the

greatest

mean

across

the

categories,

Human

Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are

stated as follows respectively: firefighters are unable to
communicate properly through radio communication with a mean
of 3.14, The current Bureau of Fire Protection does not
utilize advanced firefighting technology such as specific
chemicals

to

specific

type

of

fire

(e.g.

Aqueous

Film

Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM-200 to Class C

Fire) with a mean of 3.05 and The Bureau of Fire Protection
do not have a standard disbursement to personnel training
and facility management leading to a under trained firemen
and old or lacking facilities with a mean of 3.65.

37

Findings revealed that the degree of seriousness of

the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection
firefighters in the Province of Capiz in the category of
Human Resources was Fairly Serious with an average mean of
2.68, whereas in the category of Material Resources was
Fairly Serious with an average mean of 2.60, and finally,
the category of Financial Resources was Fairly Serious
with an average mean of 3.25 when the responses were taken
categorically.
Findings revealed that the degree of seriousness of
the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection
firefighters in the Province of Capiz was Fairly Serious
when the responses were taken as a whole, with a grand mean
of 2.84.
There is no significant difference in the degree of
seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of
Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz when
the respondents were classified according to the location of
fire station.
Furthermore, there is a significant relationship in
the

categorized

variables

such

as

Human

Resources,

Material Resources and Financial Resources and the degree of

38

seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of

Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz.
Recommendation
Based on the results and findings of this study, the
following recommendations were made:
1 The Bureau of Fire Protection should request for an
increase for their allocated budget to improve the
performance of the fire officers.
2 The Bureau of Fire Protection should purchase more
up-to-date

equipments

through

the

governments

Modernization Program.
3 The Bureau of Fire Protection must intensify their
Fire Inspection Procedures on buildings in order to
stabilize gains as mentioned in Sections 13 and 14
of PD 1185.

Implications
The findings of the present investigation had led to
certain implications for practice in relation to the degree
of seriousness of the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire
Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz.

39

The degree of seriousness encountered by the Bureau

of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz were Fairly
Serious.
The degree of seriousness of the problems encountered
by Bureau of Fire Protection had no significant difference
in terms of the location of fire station.
Lastly, the degree of seriousness of the problems
encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection had a significant
relationship when the categorical variables Human Resources,
Material Resources and Financial Resources are taken into
consideration.

40