Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PREFACE
1. 1 Background
On Earth, the largest water bodies are at sea by 97% and the remaining 3% is
fresh water that we use to support our daily lives. Of the fresh water that is twothirds of its glaciers and the polar ice which serves to stabilize the global climate and
the only one that can be utilized thirds 7 billion people in the world.
Indonesia is an agricultural country where the development of agriculture a top
priority. Because Indonesia is one country that gives a high commitment to the
development of food security as a strategic component in national development. Act
7 of 1996 on Food stated that realization of food security is the duty of the
government and the community (Partowijoto, 2003).
Development of the agricultural sector today is directed towards an efficient and
resilient agriculture, given the need for agricultural products continues to increase in
line with population growth. Dry land farming is an activity that a lot of repetition
barriers cultivation. One inhibiting factor is the lack of water. Dry land is a parcel of
land that could be used for agriculture by using water as a limited and usually only
expect from rainfall. Further dry land with only 4-5 months of wet categorized quite
risk for the development of crops as well as for horticulture, although the land
potential for the development of animal husbandry. The success in increasing the
production of horticultural crops in Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of
irrigation is one of the important production factors.
Efforts to achieve production targets on the one hand, and the right technology
and low on the other hand have encouraged the use of excessive water without
considering the efficient use of available resources. Technology in the field of
irrigation is one of the determining factors in efforts to increase agricultural
production, especially in the dry land farming. Therefore, in line with the
development and progress in the field of irrigation, the irrigation technology which is
commonly done by farmers needs to be refined based on the latest research and
assessment.
PART II
CONTENTS
2. 1. Definition of Irrigation
Irrigation is an attempt by humans to irrigate agricultural land. In the modern
world, it's been a lot of irrigation models do humans. In ancient times, when the
water supply is abundant for a place close to rivers or springs, the irrigation is carried
out by flowing water into agricultural land. However, irrigation is also commonly
done by bringing water by using a container and then pour on the plants one by one.
For irrigation with a model like this in Indonesia commonly called flushing.
As previously disclosed, in the modern world, there are many ways you can do to
make irrigation and this has been going on since ancient Egypt.
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2. 3.
2. Irrigation Flow (Flow Irrigation), where the water flowed into agricultural
land by gravity from the source of water withdrawal.
2. 4. Types of Irrigation
a. Irrigation in general
Surface irrigation
Surface irrigation is the water flow over
the surface with a water level of about 10-15
cm above ground level. Surface irrigation is
an irrigation system that tapped directly at
the river water through dam building and
through the building taking the free (free
intake) then drained irrigation water using gravity through a channel aid to the
agricultural land. Here known as the primary channel, secondary, and tertiary.
The setting is done with the water sluice.
Local Irrigation
Spraying is usually used water spray or
sprinkle. Water sprayed would look like fog,
so the plants get water from the top, the leaves
will be soaked first, then dripped into the
roots.
Traditional irrigation
labor required individually a plenty. In addition, it is also a waste of
manpower to be carrying a bucket.
b. Special Irrigation
There are several types of irrigation created specifically tailored to the
circumstances of a region. Some examples of cases of application of specific
types of irrigation are include :
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c.
farm in the vicinity. On any land owners are opening a water irrigation. The
water division of the rotating day later, which means a day off, the day
closed. Use in accordance with the needs of the local rice fields that can be
set using the levers that can be opened and closed manually. From the door of
the water discharge flowed into fields via pipelines that are under the surface
of the fields. If in our country in general, the water flowed through the
surface of the rice. As for adjusting the height of water is done by raising and
lowering the cover water discharge door manually. Drainage of rice entering
irrigation canals made of concrete so that water easily return to a small river,
with no wasted seep into the underground. Prevention of water seepage done
very efficiently.
2008 Technical Requirements section raw water quality that can be processed by
the Drinking Water Treatment Plant (IPA) are:
1. Turbidity, maximum 600 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) or 400 mg / l
SiO2
2. The content of the original color (appearent color) does not exceed 100 Pt
Co and color while following the turbidity of raw water.
3. Other elements eligible raw raw water according PP 82 of 2000 on Water
Quality Management and Water Pollution Control.
4. In the case of certain areas of the river water has color content, iron and
organic material or exceed the above requirements but low turbidity (<50
NTU) then used IPA system DAF (Dissolved Air Flotation) or other system
that can be accounted for.
PART III
CONCLUSION
Irrigation is an attempt by humans to irrigate agricultural land. In the modern world,
it's been a lot of irrigation models do humans. In ancient times, when the water supply is
abundant for a place close to rivers or springs, the irrigation is carried out by flowing water
into agricultural land. However, irrigation is also commonly done by bringing water by
using a container and then pour on the plants one by one
The purpose of irrigation can be classified into two (2) categories, namely:
1. Immediate objective, namely irrigation has the objective to wet the soil related to the
capacity of water and air in the soil so as to achieve a condition in accordance with the
need for plant growth in the land.
2. Objectives Indirect, namely irrigation have goals that include: regulating the
temperature of the soil, the soil washes that contain toxins, transport of materials
through the flow of fertilizer to the water, raising the ground water level, increasing
the elevation of a region by flowing water and precipitate sludge water-borne, and
others
Some irrigation functions are include:
To supply the water needs of plants
To ensure the availability of water in case of drought
Lowering the temperature of the soil
Soften hard layer during soil tillage
water discharge sufficient and not excessive. Increased river water into a reservoir of
water using a powerful pump. Water flowed from the shelters using water pipes
underground diameter of 30 cm to the farm in the vicinity. On any land owners are
opening a water irrigation. The water division of the rotating day later, which means a
day off, the day closed. Use in accordance with the needs of the local rice fields that
can be set using the levers that can be opened and closed manually. From the door of
the water discharge flowed into fields via pipelines that are under the surface of the
fields. Drainage of rice entering irrigation canals made of concrete so that water easily
return to a small river, with no wasted seep into the underground. Prevention of water
seepage done very efficiently.
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