CEM7097'3

CE-IN-CONFIDENCE
Procedural Guideline:
Guideline
Overhead Design
CEM7097
Before you begin …
1 CHECK that this printed document is the most recent version before you use it.
● The online version of this document is the current version.
2 DO NOT unlawfully disclose any restricted information in this document.

● To see how the law applies to you:
○ Employee: Read your contract of employment with Country Energy.
○ Contractor: Read your contract of engagement with Country Energy.
○ Sub-contractor: Read your contract with the contractor engaged by us.
○ Accredited Service Providers: comply with Country Energy policies, state acts and
regulations.
19 OCTOBER 2007
ISSUE 3
CE-IN-CONFIDENCE
UNCONTROLLED COPY IF PRINTED
MANUAL – OVERHEAD DESIGN
CE-IN-CONFIDENCE CEM7097
CONTENTS PAGE
1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 3
2 KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS............................................................................................... 3
3 ACTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................... 4
3.1 GENERAL...............................................................................................................................................4
3.2 RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................................................................................4
3.3 METHODS OF SUPPLY ..........................................................................................................................5
3.4 METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS ................................................................................6
3.5 OVERHEAD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS..............................................................7
ATTACHMENT A – LOAD TYPE AND VALUES........................................................................................30
ATTACHMENT B - LOAD DENSITY VALUES FOR ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM DEMAND ..................32
ATTACHMENT C - CONDUCTOR INFORMATION ...................................................................................33
4 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................35
5 REVISIONS .............................................................................................................................37
19 October 2007 – Issue 3

Approved By: Group Manager Standards and Demand Management
Page 2 of 37
CE-IN-CONFIDENCE UNCONTROLLED COPY IF PRINTED
1 PURPOSE
This document outlines the basic requirements for the design of all overhead distribution power lines within
the franchise area covered by Country Energy so as to ensure a standardised network.
Country Energy’s objective is to provide a safe, reliable, efficient and economical electricity distribution
system. To achieve this objective, the overhead network shall be designed in accordance with the
requirements of all Country Energy policy documents, including this document, and all the design and
construction standards, specifications, Acts and Regulations referenced herein or issued by Country Energy.
The design process may introduce risk to Country Energy unless the process is controlled and due
consideration given to OHS issues during the design phase. Design control seeks to eliminate risks
emanating from the design process through the implementation of procedures that identify and account for
risk in design activities such as the construction and use of plant, equipment, facilities and processes.
These design requirements apply to new works associated with customer connections (i.e. Contestable
Works) and augmentation or refurbishment required by the Network owner.
For information relating to subtransmission lines requirements, refer to Country Energy’s Subtransmission
Line Projects Group. A specific Design Information Package (DIP) will be provided for each subtransmission
project.
2 KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Unless otherwise listed, the keywords and definitions used in this document are those defined in the Energy
Networks Association Publications ENA C(b)1-2006, ’Guidelines for Design and Maintenance of Overhead
Distribution and Transmission Lines’.
ASP – Accredited Service Provider: an Accredited Service Provider is an individual or an entity accredited in
accordance with the Electricity Supply (General) Regulation 2001 and can be an individual, partnership or
company. The Accredited Service Provider has responsibility for the design or construction of the electricity
reticulation installation. The Department of Fair Trading is the accrediting body for Accredited Service
Providers.
CE-IN-CONFIDENCE: This is a general sensitivity label to be applied to information assets that are not to be
released outside of the organisation, but are freely available to all employees and other personnel working
directly for Country Energy. An example of the use of this sensitivity label would be its application to the
corporate policies, forms, procedures, standards, manuals and guidelines to be applied across the
organisation. For more information refer to Information Security Sensitivity Labelling and Handling CEPG1096
and CEM7063.
Customer: a customer is an entity or individual who is an end-user of electricity.
Developer: Developer, Customer, Contractor or Accredited Service Provider working on behalf of the
developer, other than Country Energy Networks.
Low Voltage: for the purpose of this document is nominally 400/230 volts.
High Voltage: for the purpose of this document is nominally 11000, 12700, 19100, 22000 and 33000 volts.
Street lighting Customer: the Body controlling the standard of lighting and responsible for the applicable
Street Lighting charges. For dedicated roadways, the Street Lighting customer is the RTA or the Local Council
and for Community Land Title developments under the Community Land Development Act, 1989 it is the
Community Association responsible for that particular development.
Subtransmission: for the purpose of this document is nominally 33,000, 66,000, 110,000 and 132,000 volts.

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3 ACTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1 General
Distribution Substations and the electricity reticulation systems in overhead supplied developments must be
installed in accordance with the requirements of this Network Standard and all design and construction
standards and specifications referenced in this document or issued by Country Energy.
Detailed design of electricity reticulation systems depends on assessed maximum demands, building and
street layouts, street lighting requirements and other local factors. The design information and parameters
specified in this Network Standard provide for minimum acceptable standards. Any deviations from this
specification must be submitted to Country Energy’s Planning and Customer Connection Manager for the
region in which the project is proposed for approval before they are implemented.
Where new developments take place in overhead reticulated areas, Country Energy will determine the extent
of undergrounding of existing overhead mains that may be necessary. For new subdivisions, dedicated
roadway sites for future substations and cable easements for future use may also be required by Country
Energy. For underground supply requirements refer to Country Energy document CEM7098 – Underground
Design.
Street lighting design may form part of the low voltage system design in new developments and must conform
to the requirements of both the street lighting customer and Country Energy. Approval of the street lighting
customer for the applicable street lighting charges must be obtained first before construction work
commences. Refer also to Country Energy document CEM7107 – Distribution Overhead Mains – Lighting.
This document should be read in conjunction with the Electrical Standards and Network Standards listed in
Section 4 – References.
3.2 Responsibilities
During the course of supply negotiations the ASP shall provide all information to allow Country Energy to
determine the most appropriate method of supply (as described in Clause 3.3). Accredited Designers should
be aware of and advise on the possibility of any demand management opportunities and options that may be
available when considering new or additional load application. Country Energy’s relevant Regional Planning
and Customer Connection Manager will prepare and provide design information sufficient to enable design
and construction drawings to be completed.
Overhead designs must be prepared by an Accredited Designer. The ASP is responsible for the design, supply
of some materials and construction of the electricity reticulation system (including substations) to supply the
new development as detailed in Country Energy’s design information. The ASP is also responsible for
providing local authorities and the RTA (as appropriate) with copies of the proposed construction plans at
least 40 days before work is to commence and must comply with any special requirements of these
authorities. These special requirements, along with any services that are in close proximity of the new
development, must be indicated on the construction plan. In addition, where other authorities such as the
State Rail Authority or Waterways Authority have jurisdiction over land or water impacted by development,
special additional conditions may apply. As these may vary from time to time, current applicable conditions
must be checked at the time of the development/construction.
Accredited Designers should always be mindful of the need for safe work practices and the minimisation of
operational interference between power systems and cabled telecommunication systems.

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The ASP is also required to carry out an environmental review at the design stage of the project in accordance
with the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP & A Act). It is a requirement that the ASP
considers all Environmental Planning Instruments (EPIs). Applicable EPIs in most cases will include Local
Environment Plans (LEPs), Regional Environmental Plans (REPs) and State Environmental Planning Policies
(SEPPs). An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), including bushfire protection measures as outlined in
the Planning for Bushfire Protection 2001 guidelines, must consider not only the construction itself but also
the ongoing operation and maintenance of the assets.
Where easements are required, it will be the responsibility of the ASP to arrange for such easements in favour
of Country Energy and in accordance with the relevant information contained in this or other documents
issued by Country Energy.
Accredited Designers (Level 3 ASP’s) are responsible for arranging where necessary the identification and/or
survey and the pegging of boundaries so as to allow plant and equipment to be correctly installed and to
simplify auditing on completion of the installation.
Level 1 and/or Level 2 ASP’s are responsible for “Non Electrical Work” such as tree clearing, excavation,
restoration, landscaping and any construction that supports the electrical work.
It is important to note that it is the responsibility of an ASP to report any Network component associated with
or being considered in a project that may be in an unsafe or dangerous condition to Country Energy’s local
Area Co-ordinator for assessment and remedial action.
Certain non-electrical work, including work within close working distance of the existing electrical network,
must be undertaken in accordance with Country Energy’s Electrical Safety Rules subject to specific
accreditation requirements.
The customer (end user) is responsible for supplying and installing the portion of service mains from the
street alignment to the customer’s terminals in accordance with the NSW Service and Installation Rules.
3.3 Methods of Supply

Basically, there are four approved methods of supply. The appropriate choice to be utilised is dependent on
the assessed and foreseeable maximum demand of the development.
The decision as to the most appropriate method of supply will be made by Country Energy’s relevant Regional
Planning and Customer Connection Manager as part of the supply negotiation phase. This initial step in the
process of establishing an electricity supply involves exchange of details pertaining to the development
between the developer, customer and Country Energy. The options for electricity supply are:
3.3.1 Service from the existing low voltage reticulation system – nominally 400/230V
This may provide for the connection of services (overhead or underground) rated up to 400 amps. Overhead
services should be restricted to a rating of 275A or 4-core 150mm2 LVABC.
This method of supply is limited by the available capacity of the existing reticulation system and the
associated distribution substations.
Reference should be made to the NSW Service and Installation Rules.
3.3.2 Direct Distributor – nominally 400/230V

Overhead mains taken from a distribution substation remote from the customer’s premises which can,
subject to certain constraints, supply up to 400 amps. This method of supply is restricted by voltage drop and
the capacity of the distribution substation, as well as fluctuation, distortion and interference considerations,
as defined in NSW Service and Installation Rules.

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Reference is made to CEM7104.27 – Connection to Distribution Substation.
3.3.3 Customer Substation – nominally 11000, 22000 or 33000V/400/230V

Country Energy may determine that the existing LV network is unable to meet the ASP’s supply requirements.
In such cases, the ASP may be required to provide a suitable space and approved easement or lease to
accommodate Country Energy’s transformer(s), pole, switchgear and other associated equipment. Generally,
supply by this method will be restricted to the capacity of a 500kVA pole-mounted substation or a 1500kVA
padmounted substation rated appropriately for the load cycle imposed by the customer, however, larger
installation may be possible.
A list of all distribution substation types and their approximate ratings is provided in Clause 3.5.10.
Where supply is taken direct from a customer’s substation, the customer’s main switchboard shall, wherever
practicable, be located immediately adjacent to the substation. If the customer’s main switchboard cannot be
located immediately adjacent to the substation, the proposed location must be approved by Country Energy’s
local Customer Service Planning Section before the design proceeds.
3.3.4 High voltage Supply – nominally 11kV, 22kV and 33kV

Consideration will be given to application for high voltage supply in accordance with the requirements of the
NSW Service and Installation Rules where, in the opinion of Country Energy, it satisfies technical or economic
considerations and the customer is able to safely operate and maintain the high voltage network. This option
is not available in some areas and is restricted to premises with single customers. Where this option is
considered a possibility and the supply voltage is higher than 11kV, Country Energy will provide the design
information to the developer as required on a project-specific basis.
3.4 Methods of Construction and Materials

Country Energy’s Network Division is the determining authority as to the form of construction to be used for
individual projects, including contestable works. Country Energy’s networks have been categorised as urban
and rural. Rural networks are as defined as that part of a network:
a where the average demand on the high voltage feeders within it is less than 0.3 MVA/km, or
b that is in an area zoned as rural under a local environment plan (made under the Environmental
Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) or
c that is in an area that is predominantly used for agricultural purposes
and may include isolated industrial/commercial developments.
Urban network is defined as that part of a network that is not a rural network.
In urban areas where overhead construction is specified for high voltage reticulation the small delta
construction shall be used and for low voltage reticulation, low voltage aerial bundled cables shall be used as
the standard construction. In rural areas Country Energy shall stipulate the type of construction to be used
and material types as may be appropriate in identified bushfire-prone areas.
Where overhead construction is specified for high voltage reticulation (eg rural networks) the construction
shall be either of the open wire construction type or covered conductor type. Country Energy shall be the
determining authority as to which type is the most appropriate and may also stipulate material types to be
used in identified bushfire-prone areas.
In general, it is expected that high voltage lines in rural areas shall utilise the standard delta configuration.
The general guidelines for the form of construction for each project shall be determined by Country Energy’s
relevant Regional Planning and Customer Connection Manager and shall be in accordance with the prevailing
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policy of the time. The final interpretation and decision as to the type of construction to be used shall be as
stated in Country Energy’s design information package issued for the project.
It is NOT anticipated that flat construction be used for high voltage lines except in a dual circuit mid-pole
situation.
The use of high voltage raiser brackets to retrofit existing low voltage overhead lines is NOT a standard
construction.
The gas switch is the standard switch to be used on the Country Energy distribution network.
Where an ASP has reason to prepare a design that varies with the requirements stipulated in the Country
Energy Construction Manual, the designer must seek permission from the Manager Planning and Customer
Connection for the region in which the project is proposed before proceeding with the variation.
Extension of the low voltage mains is by overhead reticulation unless it is an extension off an existing
underground network. Country Energy may agree to the undergrounding of the low voltage reticulation if
requested by the ASP or if it is a stipulation of subdivision approval by the local council.
3.4.1 Materials
Materials to be used for all overhead construction works are to be new and equivalent or superior in terms of
total lifetime performance as those issued and used by Country Energy and assessed for compliance with the
appropriate Country Energy specification. Where materials are intended to be supplied that are not sourced
directly from Country Energy or do not meet Country Energy’s specifications and are not included in Country
Energy’s Approved Materials Inventory list; these shall be indicated for assessment during the design-
checking phase, i.e. the design shall be assessed for compliance with this standard on the basis that
materials and equipment to be used are of equivalence to that which would be used and supplied by Country
Energy.
Where materials are sourced from other than Country Energy, evidence of compliance with Country Energy’s
specifications or manufacturer’s certificate of equivalence to that supplied to Country Energy shall be
required.
Designers intending to use alternate materials are advised to discuss this situation with Country Energy’s
Standards Group for evaluation of the alternatives proposed before making such decisions. There will be a
charge for these services based on the fees established by the Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal.
3.4.2 Reporting Potentially Dangerous Conditions

If the Level 3 ASP (Designer), during the design stage, or the Level 1 or 2 ASP, during the pre-job hazard
assessment check or during the progress of work, believes that a pole or other network component may be in
an unsafe or dangerous condition, such pole or other network component must be reported immediately to
Country Energy’s local Area Co-ordinator for assessment and remedial action.
3.5 Overhead Design and Construction Requirements

Overhead power lines within Country Energy’s franchise area should be designed and constructed in
accordance with:
• This document.
• Energy Networks Association publication ENA C(b)1-2006 – ‘Guidelines for Design and Maintenance
of Overhead Distribution and Transmission Lines’.
• Country Energy’s policy CEM7099 – Standard Overhead Construction Manual.
• CECG1000 – Safety, Health and Environmental Management.

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The following sections include general issues as a guide for designers.
3.5.1 Environmental Considerations

Designers need to be the complete environmental practitioner and be aware of environmental implications of
route selection, materials and equipment etc as they may impact on the environment.
“It is a requirement that all proposed work must have an appropriate impact assessment carried out in
accordance with the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPA Act) and in accordance with
Country Energy Procedural Guideline CEPG2016 – Environmental Impact Assessment.
For part 5 assessments under the EPA Act refer to Country Energy documents CEPG2295 Environmental
Procedures Supplementary Notes, CEFD6024 – Environmental Impact Assessment form and CEFD6470
Consultant checklist for preparation of REF for further details”.
3.5.2 Vegetation Management

Reference is made to Country Energy document CEPG8008 – Vegetation Management Plan.
The clearing of vegetation to enable the construction of a new power line should be carried out in accordance
with document CEPG2010 – Vegetation Clearing Guidelines for New Power Lines.
Should it be necessary for vegetation to be removed near existing overhead power lines then this work should
be carried out in accordance with document CEPG2021 – Removing Vegetation Near Overhead Powerlines.
3.5.3 Easements
Where an overhead power line, (either existing or new), other than a dedicated connection asset on the
connecting customer’s property, are not or cannot be constructed within a public road reserve, then an
easement will generally be required. Such easements shall be provided in favour of Country Energy.
Easement widths required will generally be in accordance with the Industry Guidelines (ISSC20) and are
reproduced in the Country Energy document CEPG8046 – Easement Requirements.
Where easements are required in association with new customer connections that are funded by the
customer, all costs associated with obtaining these easements shall be borne by the customer, some of those
costs being:
• Survey costs
• Consultation costs (eg Crown Land)
• Land valuation expenses
• Compensation payments
• Legal expenses, etc.
Where easements are required in association with Network-funded projects (eg augmentation of shared
assets) the costs associated with obtaining those easements shall be borne by the Network owner.
Where projects involve both shared and dedicated assets, the costs shall be apportioned between the
customer and Country Energy Networks, based on:
• New versus existing assets
• Works initiated by ‘the proponent’
Reference is made to CEPG8046 – Easement Requirements for additional information.

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3.5.4 Construction Plans

A primary function of the design process is to produce a construction plan for use by the customer to engage
an ASP or contractor to construct those assets.
Once constructed, Network assets are generally transferred to the Networks owner and need to be added to
various asset databases, maps, plans, GIS etc.
For these reasons, it is essential that certain minimum information is included on the construction plans with
a reasonable level of standard symbology to allow:
• An ASP to construct those assets
• Network personnel to update their asset records system
All design and construction plans shall use the standard symbols and be in the format nominated in draft
document CEM7001 – Construction Drawing Standard Symbology. All network project design and
construction plans are to be identified with a unique project number. Reference is made to previous Clause
3.2 as to the responsibilities of an ASP in the provision of the necessary information on the construction plan
as well as providing information to the appropriate authorities.
On completion of the construction of a new line, the following ‘as built’ information is to be recorded/updated
on the construction plan:
• As constructed line/pole schedule
• Final as constructed route plan
• Final height of the lowest conductor above ground at the nominated design maximum operating
temperature along the route of the line
• Conductor stringing tensions and tables
Alternatively, a separate design information sheet, or a copy of the design information as provided
from an approved software package displaying the same unique project number as the project
drawing, can be provided. This design information should include conductor stringing details such
as the design tension, initial sags, the final sags and the minimum ground clearance at the
nominated design operating temperature. Also required is the conductor final tension at 5°C with no
wind in addition to the conductor tension under the wind/ice loading condition if applicable to the
installation location.
• Line profile for rural extensions, where terrain profile varies by >5% at any point in a span and the
ruling span exceeds 100 metres, or terrain profile is >10% in addition to the provision of property
schedules. Alternatively, a designer may opt to retain a separate profile that can be produced if and
as required by Country Energy for audit purposes. Recommended scale for route profiles are 1:2500
horizontal and 1:250 vertical.
• Pole foundation details if they vary from the minimum prescribed in Clause 3.5.9.1 of this document.
• Other assets attached to Country Energy’s poles.
3.5.5 Network Asset Identification

Any asset added to Country Energy’s electrical network must be labelled in accordance with Country Energy
policy CEK8042 – Distribution Asset Numbering and Operational Number Labelling.
3.5.6 Overhead Distribution Line Design Parameters

Reference is made to the publication by the Energy Networks Association Publication ENA C(b)1-2006, being
the basis for all Overhead Line Design, and Country Energy’s Overhead Construction Manual CEM7099.
The following additional information is provided to assist in the design process:

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3.5.6.1 Assessment of Maximum Demand
The demand for an individual development shall be assessed in accordance with Australian Standard
Publication AS3000, based on appropriate diversity factors being applied to a submitted list of maximum
demands for all items of equipment. These factors should be used in conjunction with discussions with the
ASP to ensure there are no mitigating circumstances that would negate or reduce their use.
Where either actual surveyed load data for upgrade work or assessed maximum demands are not provided
for new designs, then recommended After Diversity Maximum Demands (ADMD’s) may be used.
Recommended ADMD’s in accordance with the requirements of Country Energy’s document CEPG8003 –
Subtransmission and Distribution Network Planning Criteria and Guidelines are provided in Attachment A.
Where the ADMD in conjunction with the utilisation factor as provided in Attachment A is used to assess the
transformer capacity required for a project, then a common sense/realistic approach should be adopted.
There will be occasions, mainly in rural situations, where it may be necessary to differentiate between the
various listed ADMD’s to suit a particular project. One project may, due to the type of housing, be assessed at
7.0kVA/dwelling whereas another project may be assessed at 4.0kVA/dwelling for sizing transformers.
In the case of industrial, commercial and multi occupant developments, if a full list of connected loads is not
initially available, Country Energy will nominate a load density value in VA per square metre for floor area used
as provided in Attachment B.
It is also essential that the assessed maximum demand appropriately incorporates any definitive plans that
the customer has for expanding or augmenting the development in the foreseeable future.
3.5.6.2 Maximum Low Voltage Distributor Loading
The following design criteria for the initial electrical loading on low voltage distributors must be satisfied:
• The designed maximum load on any LV distributor must not exceed 75% of the distributor’s nominal
rating, unless otherwise nominated by Country Energy. This provides a reasonable margin for load
growth and paralleling requirements. Distributors are nominally rated in accordance with the
ambient temperature, the temperature rating of the style of construction and type of conductor and
associated cross-sectional area of materials used.
• The load to be connected to a distribution centre must be balanced across the LV distributors and
their respective phases, unless agreed otherwise.
3.5.6.3 Maximum Voltage Drop
The ultimate voltage level to be maintained at the Point of Supply should be not less than 226 volts and not
greater than 253 volts, in accordance with Country Energy’s documents CEPG8003 – Subtransmission and
Distribution Network Planning Criteria and Guidelines and CEK8026 – Electricity Supply Standard.
The designed maximum voltage drop, as determined by “LVDROP” in a low voltage distributor must not
exceed 9V at the extremities. “LVDROP” is a design package used by Country Energy to assess the affect of
new developments connecting to its LV network and is based on established engineering principles as outline
in Section 4 of publication AS/NZS 3008.1.1.
Note: Service mains are not regarded as part of the distributor.
The voltage drop in the service mains must not exceed 1% at full load.
The maximum three phase volt drop constants for distributor and service must be calculated and supplied
with the design details.
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Voltage drops shall be determined using ‘LVDROP” software (Version 5.48 or later) and the load information,
provided in Attachment A & B and conductor impedance values as provided in Attachment C. Voltage drops
submitted with the design will be checked by Country Energy using the same methodology and information.
3.5.6.4 Quality of Supply

The designer shall ensure that his design is satisfactory to supply customer equipment that has the potential
to cause interference to other customers. Arc furnaces, welding machines, X-Ray units and frequently started
large motors are examples of equipment that can cause excessive fluctuation of voltage. The design shall
comply with the limits specified in the New South Wales Service Rules, Clauses 1.9.1 to 1.9.12 and meet the
requirements of the series of Australian Standards 61000 for all aspects of electromagnetic compatibility,
particularly for voltage flicker and voltage fluctuation.
3.5.6.5 Levels of Reliability

Low Voltage in Urban and developed areas
Alternate supply to LV distributors must be provided from adjacent distribution centres wherever practicable.
Each distributor will normally require two alternate points of supply to allow low voltage paralleling under
maximum demand conditions.
Every opportunity must be taken to establish loop feeds where loop roadways exist (i.e. interconnection
between distributors from the same distribution centre or between different branches of the same
distributor). Extension of distributors beyond that necessary to provide a paralleling path will not normally be
required unless nominated otherwise by Country Energy’s relevant Regional Planning and Customer
Connection Manager.
High Voltage
During the course of supply negotiations Country Energy’s relevant Regional Planning and Customer
Connection Manager will determine the minimum level of high voltage reliability required and provide this
information as part of its design information. In doing so, Country Energy will take into account the level of
reliability of the existing network, type of existing construction (i.e. overhead or underground), permissible
number of ‘Tee off connections’ allowed, permissible number of substations on a radial supply (both on a
temporary and permanent basis), future load growth and any other network requirements. All costs
associated with levels of reliability in excess Country Energy requirements shall be met by the customer.
Low Voltage Services
The installation and connection of all service mains shall only be carried out by suitably accredited and
authorised Level 2 Service Providers in accordance with the NSW Service and Installation Rules.
In urban areas, under no conditions are new service mains to be erected so as to cross over the boundary of
any property other than that property for which the service is intended.
Standard overhead services acceptable for connection to Country Energy’s LV network are those provided in
Table 3.5.7.3.

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3.5.6.6 Clearances and Spacings

All new overhead lines that are to be erected and connected to Country Energy’s network shall have as a
minimum requirement the clearances and spacings provided in publication ENA C(b)1-2006, Country Energy’s
Overhead Construction Manual documents CEM7106.25, CEM7106.26, CEM7106.27 and Table 3.5.6.6 of
this document.
Where the clearances stipulated in the following Table 3.5.6.6 and those stipulated in documents
CEM7106.25, CEM7106.26 and CEM7106.27 exceed those provided in publication ENA C(b)1-2006 then the
values stipulated by Country Energy shall take precedence.
The maximum conductor operating temperature that apply to the design clearances shown in Table 3.5.6.6
are provided in Clause 3.5.6.7.
Distance to ground in any direction (m)
Nominal System Voltage Over land which due to

Over the carriageway of Over land other than the its steepness or
roads carriageway of roads swampiness is not
traversable by vehicles
Bare low voltage

6.0 6.0 5.0
(400/230 Volt) Mains
Insulated low voltage

6.0 6.0 5.0
(400/230 Volt) Mains
Insulated conductor
without earthed screen,
bare conductor or
covered conductor:
11, 22 and 33kV 7.3 6.0 5.0

66 and 132kV 8.0 7.3 6.0
Table 3.5.6.6 – Clearance from Ground for Overhead Lines other than Insulated Service Lines
Notes:
1 For the purpose of this clause, the term ‘ground’ includes any unroofed elevated area accessible to
plant or vehicles.
2 Ground clearance over the carriageway of road includes a distance of up to 4 metres on either side
of formed surface.
3 Where the usage of land is such that vehicles of unusual height are likely to pass under an overhead
line, the clearances given in this clause may need to be increased.
4 In special circumstances Country Energy’s relevant Regional Planning and Customer Connection
Manager may approve that the design ground clearance be reduced to that provided in ENA C(b)1-
2006.

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3.5.6.7 Standard Design Temperatures

The Country Energy standard design temperatures for overhead lines are as provided below:
Design
Maximum
Nominal Voltage Conductor Type Situation/Location
Operating
Temperature
Low Voltage All conductors All locations 65° C
11kV, 22kV & 33kV SC/GZ Where permitted 50° C
Minor Rural distribution
ACSR or AAAC 65° C
backbone lines
11kV, 22kV & 33kV
Town mains and Major rural
AAAC 75° C
distribution backbone lines
66kV & 132kV All conductors All subtransmission locations 85° C
Table 3.5.6.7
3.5.7 Standard Overhead Conductors and Cables

Standard Overhead conductors and cables approved by Country Energy for use in the overhead network are
described as follows:
3.5.7.1 Bare Overhead Line Conductors
The general principles for the use of bare overhead conductors on Country Energy’s Distribution networks are:
a Low voltage – restricted usage only, i.e. LVABC should be used wherever possible. Approval required
from Country Energy’s relevant Regional Planning and Customer Connection Manager before
installation of bare conductor.
Low voltage spreaders are to be attached to all three or four wire bare LV approved installations
where:
• The span is less than 45 metres and
• is adjacent to overhanging trees and/or
• will be in line with trees that require regular lopping.
• conductor clashing due to stringing terrain is possible.
• The span is greater than 45 metres (one spreader mid span for up to 90 metre spans)
• The span is greater than 90 metres (two spreaders, one at each third of the span)
Construction plans are to show the number and location of LV spreaders that are to be installed in
the project.
b 11kV, 22kV and 33kV – standard bare conductors should be used except in the following
circumstances:
• where the area is identified as bushfire prone in accordance with Country Energy document
CEK8022 – Network Bush Fire Risk Management Plan OR
• where substantial tree cover does or will exist OR
• where proximity of trees will or do present a problem OR

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• where proposed ongoing tree trimming requirements will be cost and/or environmentally
prohibitive OR
• where there are restrictions on the removal/trimming of trees due to heritage listing or
trees being of significant value to the community OR
• where approved projects dictate that alternative arrangements are necessary
AND
• the use of alternative conductors is the most economical and environmentally acceptable
solution after all other alternatives have been exhausted.
Standard bare conductors are:
Stranding/
Country Energy Country Energy
Wire Diameter/ Code name
Catalogue No Specification No.
Conductor type
444060 3/2.75 SC/GZ * Refer note below CES5104.13

443220 3/4/2.50 ACSR Raisin CES5104.17
443910 7/3.00 AAAC Fluorine CES5104.23 item 1
443970 7/4.50 AAAC Hydrogen CES5104.23 item 2
440970 19/3.75 AAAC Neon CES5104.23 item 3
Table 3.5.7.1
* Note: Installation of 3/2.75 SC/GZ, galvanised steel conductor is not generally encouraged and will require
the approval of the relevant Regional Planning and Customer Connection Manager prior to construction. The
installation of 3/2.75 SC/GZ will NOT be permitted within 50km of the coastline, or tidal waterways, or within
a 10km radius of an existing or planned zone substation in accordance with Country Energy document
CEK8003 – Subtransmission and Distribution Network Planning Criteria and Guidelines.
3.5.7.2 Stay Wire
Country Energy
Description CE Specification No.
Catalogue No
600460 19/2.00 SC/GZ CES5104.43
600490 19/2.75 SC/GZ CES5104.45
Table 3.5.7.2
3.5.7.3 Low Voltage Aerial Bundled Cable (LVABC)
LVABC is the standard overhead cable to be used throughout the Country Energy LV networks.

Page 14 of 37
Standard LVABCs are:
Country Energy
Catalogue No
0.6/1kV 2-Core 25mm2 XLPE
445680 CES5102.05
Stranded Aluminium LVABC
445710 CES5102.07
447330 CES5102.21
447420 CES5102.23
447360 CES5102.31
Table 3.5.7.3
3.5.7.4 High Voltage Aerial Bundled Cable (HVABC)

HVABC is generally restricted to urban installations where trees are directly under the mains that are to be
installed or upgraded or where a minimum tree clearing envelope is required. Before adopting HVABC,
alternative options should always be investigated as more economical and environmentally acceptable
alternatives or route options may be a solution.
Standard HVABC’s are:
Country Energy
Catalogue No
11kV 3-Core 50mm2 stranded
Aluminium (7/5.00 AAAC) XLPE
447300 CES5102.43
insulated, non-metallic screened,
HDPE sheathed
11kV 3-Core 150mm2 stranded
Aluminium (19/3.65 AAAC) XLPE
447310 CES5102.47
insulated, non-metallic screened,
HDPE sheathed
Table 3.5.7.4
3.5.7.5 High Voltage Covered Conductor (CCT)

The installation of High Voltage CCT should generally be restricted to route lengths in excess of 100 metres
where:
• the area has been nominated as a bushfire risk area OR
• there is a substantial number of trees adjacent to each span of the line to be constructed or
augmented AND
• it will be possible to trim the trees so as to maintain the clearances required under Country Energy’s
Vegetation Management Plan AND
• where all other economical and environmentally acceptable alternatives have been exhausted.

Page 15 of 37
Standard HV CCT for use on Country Energy’s distribution networks are:
Country Energy Stock

No
11kV 1-Core 40mm2 stranded Aluminium

441120 (7/2.75 AAAC/1120) XLPE (X-90) covered, HDPE CES5103.02
sheathed
11kV 1-Core 80mm2 stranded Aluminium
441130 (7/3.75 AAAC/1120) XLPE (X-90) covered, HDPE CES5103.04
sheathed
11kV 1-core 120mm2 stranded aluminium
441135 (7/4.75 AAAC/1120) XVPE (X-90) covered, HDPE CES5103.06
sheathed
11kV 1-core 180mm2 stranded aluminium
441140 (19/3.50 AAAC/1120) XLPE (X-90) covered, CES5103.08
HDPE sheathed
Table 3.5.7.5
High Voltage CCT is an insulated unscreened conductor and does not require an earthing system to maintain
its integrity. However, the system requires Current Limiting Arcing Horn & Discharge Connector (CLAH/DC) to
divert surge energy, resulting from lightning strikes, to earth.
The CLAH/DC units are to be installed at intervals of not more than 400 metres giving a protection zone of
200 metres either side of the unit installation. Surge diverters are to be provided on substations and at
underground to overhead interfaces.
3.5.7.6 Conductor Fittings

At intermediate locations/structures, conductors will be attached to insulators by various fittings or
combination of fittings including ties, armour rods, suspension clamps and vibration dampers where
applicable. Where damping is required, spiral vibration dampers should be used on bare overhead
conductors and CCT cables up to and including 7/4.50. Stockbridge or ‘dog-bone’ dampers are to be
installed on larger conductors.
Preformed dead-ends are to be used at all termination/strain points.
General requirements are:

• Vibration dampers should be used on all spans where the design tension exceeds 18% of the
conductor CBL.
• Vibration dampers should be used on all spans of SC/GZ or ACSR conductors greater than 300
metres.
• Vibration dampers should be used on all spans of AAAC (1120) conductors and CCT cables greater
than 200 metres.
• The requirement for vibration dampers may be reduced in forest areas where the smooth laminar
airflow is broken by the vegetation profile.
• Refer to the Overhead Construction Manual for details on placement and fitting of vibration
dampers.
• Conductor uplift conditions must be avoided at all intermediate positions.

Page 16 of 37
3.5.8 Standard Stringing for Overhead Conductors

Selection of conductor tension to be used on a project is generally a compromise due to the many variable
components. Geographic features (i.e. road formations, property boundaries, land profile, soil properties,
accessibility, vegetation, environmental considerations etc) and not necessarily stringing tensions will
ultimately govern the positioning of most poles. Using higher tensions could result in fewer and/or shorter
poles but may require higher strength poles, crossarms, fittings, footings and stays and might not prove to be
the best overall economic, environmental and maintenance-effective solution.
For overhead line design it is usual to use a tension at a reference temperature with no transverse wind for
design purposes. This reference tension is the long term average tension in the conductor/cable and is the
recommended design tension listed in the following tables. The reference temperature normally used
throughout Australia is 15°C.
When calculating maximum sags for new conductors, allowances shall be made for conductor creep and for
minor errors in construction, by allowing for an extra 5 or 10˚C in conductor tension calculations. For
example, if a conductor is to be strung at 6,000 N at 15˚C, then the final design should be based on
assuming conductor tension is 6,000 N at 5˚C for aluminium conductors and 10°C for steel conductors. This
additional creep allowance does not have to be applied to existing conductors which are being diverted or
reconstructed.
In the initial design process, unless indicated otherwise in the design brief, or the actual temperatures in
accordance with the definitions provided in ENA C(b)1 – 2006 are available, the following conditions may be
used.
• For uplift conditions in Coastal and Western regions – 5˚C and in Tablelands and Ranges – 10˚C.
• The serviceability limit states for sustained load conditions in South, Mid and North Coastal regions
15˚C and Far South Coastal and other regions 10˚C.
Unless otherwise indicated in the design brief, the minimum operating temperature shall be taken as 5˚C.
The maximum operating temperature shall be as per Clause 3.5.6.7 of this document. For inter-circuit
clearances, the upper circuit shall be assumed to be at maximum operating temperature while the lower
circuit is at minimum operating temperature. When this requirement imposes the need for increased pole
heights or reduced span lengths, then the design shall be discussed with Country Energy’s representative.
Country Energy’s representative may under some conditions permit the design to be based on the assumption
that the lower circuit will be operating at the sustained load condition temperature. The need for pole
changes would then be reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated in the design brief, for blowout calculations, the
conductor is assumed to be at 50˚C and under wind loads specified in ENA C(b)1-2006.
For overhead lines constructed along streets in urban areas, span lengths are normally restricted to less than
100 metres for HV only and less than 50 metres for dual circuit HV and LV or LV only. In these cases, high
tensions provide little or no additional benefits. For urban areas, the recommended design tensions for
Country Energy’s overhead distribution networks are provided in Table 3.5.8.1, for which stringing tables are
included in the Overhead Construction Manual.

Page 17 of 37
Recommended Design Tensions as % CBL for Various Applications

Conductor Type Urban
Urban Dense Urban
Commercial/ Semi-Urban
Residential Residential
Industrial
AAAC (1120) Bare 3% 3% 3% 9%
AAAC (1120) CCT 4% 4% 4% 7%
AAAC (1120) HV ABC 11% 11% 11% 18%
LV ABC
4% 4% 4% 7%
Refer Note 1
Table 3.5.8.1
Note 1:
General rules for installation of Low Voltage Aerial Bundled Cable (LVABC) as listed in Clause 3.5.7.3 are:
• In span tension joints are not permitted for new installations.
• Maximum everyday final tensions shall not exceed the values indicated in Australia/New Zealand
Standard AS/NZS3560.1:2000 LESS 2.5% and are as follows:
25mm² 2 core = 1.1 kN max

• Tensions in excess of 7% CBL should be avoided if installing insulation piercing connectors (IPC) in
tension span, due to difficulty experienced in insertion of plastic wedges to separate cores.
Alternative in rural areas is to insert IPC’s into non tension section.
For lines constructed in non-urban or rural areas, the base case horizontal design tensions should not exceed
those permitted in ENA C(b)1-2006. For example, where a base case horizontal tension of 15% of CBL is
permitted for AAAC/1120 conductor, lines shall be designed to be erected at no more than 15% plus the
appropriate incremental increase that may be allowed for static stress and dynamic stress considerations.

Page 18 of 37
For rural areas, the recommended maximum design tensions for Country Energy’s overhead distribution
networks are provided in Table 3.5.8.2. In regions where overhead lines may be subject to snow/ice loading,
special conditions as described in ENA C(b)1-200 Clause 3.4.2 shall apply.
Recommended Maximum Design Tensions as % CBL for Various

Applications
Conductor Type
Rural All Terrain Rural All Terrain Fully
Rural Residential
No Dampers Damped
SC/GZ 6% 13.5% 26%
ACSR 6% 13% 23%
AAAC (1120) Bare 9% 17% 21.5%
AAAC (1120) CCT 7% 11% n/a
AAAC (1120) HV ABC 18% 18% n/a
LV ABC
7% 11% n/a
Refer Note 1
Table 3.5.8.2
3.5.9 Poles
Overhead power poles and their foundations should be designed in accordance with publication ENA C(b)1-
2006, taking into consideration the following requirements:
3.5.9.1 Pole Foundations

Foundation design should be based on soil test, information or an estimate of soil parameters which should
be recorded on the construction plan. As a general principle only, the minimum depth for an unstayed pole in
ground should be 0.8 metre plus one tenth of the pole length, but it is recommended that pole foundation
designs as established using an approved design program be provided with each project.
Country Energy has a preference for not concreting pole footings. Alternatives to be considered are:
• Use a heavier pole (kN strength rating) to increase the circumference and soil-bearing area
• Increase setting depth
• Utilise specified backfill such as ‘crusher dust’.
Where pole foundations must be concreted, then the concrete is to stop 450mm below ground line to
facilitate future pole inspections.
3.5.9.2 Pole Staying

Designers shall consider the use of heavier rated line poles and foundations as an alternative to the use of
stays, in the design process.
Where pole stays are required, then the following should be taken into account:
Ground stays are generally preferred to overhead stays due to cost and ongoing maintenance of additional
stay pole.
Where access permits, ground stays are generally preferred to sidewalk stays.

Page 19 of 37
Ground stays should be avoided in stock (e.g. cattle and horse) paddocks due to the fact that stock rubbing
against stay wire can cause system operation problems. When alternate locations are not possible a stay
guard rail shall be used as shown in Country Energy’s Overhead Construction Manual drawing, CEM7103.16.
Screw anchors, where soil conditions permit, are preferred to baulks.
3.5.9.3 Pole Placement

Generally, when selecting pole locations, consideration should be given to minimising the number of poles to
be installed without causing future encroachment problems and to locate poles to provide ongoing access for
maintenance and operations. A minium clear space shall be provided around network assets including pole
substations, in accordance with the clearances required in Section 8 of the Easement policy, CEPG8046,
irrespective of whether an easement exists at the site. All pole substations shall be positioned in a location
that allows access at all times, by a crane borer/erector.
In urban areas, line routes should be selected so as to negate or reduce the need for road crossing (service)
poles and new or replacement poles should have a clearance of 1 metre from face of kerb to face of pole,
wherever practical. Poles for low voltage construction should generally be positioned every second property
boundary so as to eliminate service encroachments on neighbouring properties. Footpath allocations may
also vary between Local Government areas. Some poles (eg streetlight poles, road crossing poles etc) will
ideally be placed near the property alignment.
Elsewhere, roadside poles should have setbacks as outlined in the ‘Pole Setback Zones’, Section B6 of
AS1158, Part 1.3; 1997 ‘Vehicular Traffic (Category V) Lighting – Guide to Design, Installation, Operation and
Maintenance’.
Poles in rural areas should not be installed too close to fences. Apart from the electrical hazard arising from
step and touch potentials, pole and line inspectors require an area around poles to allow for routine
inspection. A minimum separation of 1.5m between fence and pole is recommended.
3.5.9.4 Pole Type

At distribution voltages, (LV, 11kV, 22kV and in some instances 33kV) the usual pole of choice is a full length
preservative-treated timber pole, in accordance with Country Energy’s specification – CEPG5124.10.
However, on feeder segments designated by the responsible Planning and Customer Connection Manager as
being suitable for conductive pole installation and in certain situations where it can be cost justified,
designers may consider the conductive pole alternatives allowed in the Construction Manual. Examples are:
• Known termite areas
• Where the existing line is constructed with concrete poles
• Where a customer requests a particular pole type
Additional information on pole types are as follows:

a Wood Poles – the strength and dimensions of wood poles for use in the Country Energy distribution
network shall be in accordance with the information provided in section CEM7101.03 of the
Overhead Construction Manual.

Page 20 of 37
b Concrete Poles – Concrete poles may be used in “special” or “frequented” locations where common
multiple earth neutral (CMEN) earthing requirements can be achieved. All concrete poles in these
locations must be bonded to the LV neutral conductor or to a special CMEN conductor to ensure that
they are touch safe. Concrete poles are NOT to be used in these locations where the separately
earthed system is used as they will not meet touch potential safety requirements. Concrete poles
can be used in “remote” locations, where the requirement for positive protection operation can be
me, regardless of the method of earthing. Refer to document ENA C(b)1-2006 for definition of
“locations”.
For specification details for Pre-stressed Concrete Poles, refer to Section CEM7102.05, and for Spun
concrete Poles, refer to Section CEM7102.06 of the Overhead Construction Manual.
Sections of the South Western Region of Country Energy have established HV feeders where the
installation of concrete poles is considered standard construction. A list of zone substation locations
from which these HV feeders emanate are provided as follows:
• Narrandera • Hanwood
• Kywong • Tharbogang
• Yanco • Beelbangera
• Leeton • Griffith
• Coleambally • Warrawidgee
• Darlington Point • Carathool
• Ringwood Rd • Hay
• Egansford • Hillston
• Whitton • Ivanhoe
• Murrami • Wigelli
• Yenda • Cudgel
For further information on these locations contact the Manager Planning and Customer Connections
– South Western Region at Country Energy Albury office.
c Steel Poles – steel poles may be used in “remote” locations where the requirement for positive
primary protection operation can be met, regardless of the method of earthing. Refer to document
ENA C(b) 1-2006 for definition of “locations”.
Steel poles shall not be used in seaside or estuarine areas known to be subject to salt pollution or in
soils which are known to be chemically aggressive.
For specification details of Steel Poles, refer to Section CEM7102.08 of the Overhead Construction
Manual.
When considering the use of conductive poles, the designer shall ensure that the insulation co-ordination of
the structure is compatible with the existing network.

Page 21 of 37
3.5.9.5 Supplementary Fittings to Poles and/or Conductors
Supplementary fittings, in addition to the normal standard fittings, will be required as indicated in the
following situations.
• Aerial inspection markers in accordance with EC guide for poles either side of any line crossing.
• Aircraft warning markers fitted to overhead lines in proximity of authorised landing sites and marking
of overhead cable for low level flying in accordance with Australian Standard AS 3891.
• Sighters/bird diverters fitted to overhead conductors in the vicinity of known wildlife corridors to
improve visibility of conductors.
• LV spacers to each span of bare overhead low voltage conductor in accordance with Clause 3.5.7.1.
3.5.10 Distribution Substations

Distribution Substations are to be constructed in accordance with the requirements set down in Country
Energy document CEM7104 – Construction Standard Manual.
Where a substation requires that a 200kVA or larger transformer be installed and the substation is shared by
two or more customers, then Maximum Demand Indicators (MDIs) are to be installed on the structure.
Distribution Transformer Fusing shall be in accordance with Country Energy’s document CEPG5099 –
Distribution Transformer Fusing.
Where a pole mounted substation is to be upgraded and the new transformer is of similar weight and physical
size to that which is to be replaced and the pole has been inspected and found to be in a sound condition by
Country Energy, then the substation pole will not need to be replaced.
Only standard size transformers, listed as follows, are acceptable for connection to the network system.

Page 22 of 37
Standard Pole-Mounted Distribution Transformer – Refer to Country Energy’s Standard Construction Manual, Sections 7104-22 and 7104-23 for
further details.
Single Phase Transformers Three Phase Transformers SWER Transformers

CE CE CE
Country Energy Country Country
Specification Specification Specification
Catalogue kVA Voltage Energy kVA Voltage Energy kVA Voltage
No No No
No Catalogue No Catalogue No
CES5120.02 CES5120.02 CES5120.02
253700 16 11kV Item 2 254930 16 12.7kV Item 44.2
253940 16 22kV Item 15 255050 16 19.1kV Item 47.2
253730 25 11kV Item 3 252110 25 11kV Item 7 254960 25 12.7kV Item 45
253970 25 22kV Item 16 252980 25 22kV Item 20 255110 25 19.1kV Item 48
254100 25 33kV Item 29 254120 25 33kV Item 30
253790 50 11kV Item 4 254970 50 12.7kV Item 46
254030 50 22kV Item 17 255130 50 19.1kV Item 49
252200 63 11kV Item 8
253070 63 22kV Item 21
254140 63 33kV Item 31
252290 100 11kV Item 9
253100 100 22kV Item 22
254150 100 33kV Item 32
252410 200 11kV Item 10
253160 200 22kV Item 23
254160 200 33kV Item 33
252590 315 11kV Item 11
253250 315 22kV Item 24
254170 315 33kV Item 34
252740 500 11kV Item 13
253310 500 22kV Item 26
254180 500 33kV Item 35

Page 23 of 37
3.5.11 Earthing
The design and construction of all earthing systems forming part of the works to be vested in Country Energy
shall comply with Country Energy’s Construction Standard for Distribution System Earthing Document –
CEM7109.
All substations are required to have an accompanying electrode type earthing system suitable for its purpose.
The earthing electrodes for pole-mounted substations are generally installed in a dedicated roadway or
easement surrounding the pole base (if shared transformer on private property).
Special earthing designs and segregation limits may be required in situations relating to swimming pools,
communication centres, petrol and liquid fuel centres etc. For the principles of earthing, reference can be
made to the Electricity Council of NSW document, EC5 ‘Guide to Protective Earthing’ and attention is drawn to
the Energy Networks Association of Australia/Telstra document ‘Earth Mat Rise Code’.
Where concrete poles are to be installed in “special” or “frequented” locations, a common multiple earth
neutral (CMEN) system is required and ALL the concrete poles must be bonded to the LV neutral conductor or
to a special CMEN conductor to ensure that they are touch safe.
Conductive poles are NOT to be installed in “special” or “frequented” locations where the separately earthed
system is used as they will not meet touch potential safety requirements.
In locations where staff may be required to operate pole mounted equipment, the earthing should comply with
the ENA document C(b)1-2006 clause 11.1.4, to the levels recommended for “Frequented” Locations.
3.5.12 Protection of Overhead Networks

3.5.12.1 High Voltage Overhead Networks
Protection of all overhead high voltage distribution feeders will be provided by Country Energy at the source
substation by relays and circuit breakers and at positions along the feeder by reclosers and other protective
devices in accordance with Country Energy document CEK8002 – Protection Guidelines.
a 11kV/22kV Feeders
These feeders will normally be provided with the following:

• 3-phase overcurrent
• earth fault
• instantaneous overcurrent and earth fault
• sensitive earth fault
• an earth fault indicator
Reclosing will be provided at the source substation and initiated by all protection other than sensitive earth
fault. Automatic reclose timing and automatic reclose attempts shall be in accordance with Country Energy
document – CEK8002.
Reclosing should be rendered non-operative during:

• Switching between feeders
• Live line work
• Tree trimming
• High fire danger days on bushfire designated feeders
Back up protection will be provided by one of several options. This protection will improve limitations in the
design of the feeder configuration as follows:
Page 24 of 37
• A minimum conductor size will be nominated by Country Energy for a particular feeder depending on
fault levels, protective clearing times and load capacity. This also applies to any underground cable
connected and to the cable sheath.
• A maximum feeder impedance will be specified by Country Energy to ensure minimum fault levels at
feeder extremities are adequately detected by protection including back-up protection. All designs
must account for these aspects and will be checked for compliance.
b Line Reclosers
Pole-mounted line reclosers will be used in overhead distribution feeders where nominated by Country Energy.
Line reclosers will be of a type complying with Country Energy’s specification and will provide protection,
reclosing and remote control (SCADA) facilities.
c Line Sectionalisers and Line Fuses
Line Sectionalisers and line fuses may occasionally be used on 11kV and 22kV feeders but their use is kept
to a minimum.
3.5.12.2 Protection of Low Voltage Overhead Networks
All 400/230V overhead bare conductor or aerial bundled conductor (ABC) networks are to be protected by
current limiting HRC fuses at the distribution substation.
Fuse types and application are to be in accordance with Country Energy’s Fuse Standard document –
CEPG5099. The fuse size to be used will be nominated by Country Energy’s Planning and Customer
Connection Manager for the region in which the installation is to be carried out and in accordance with the
above documents.
Note: CEPG5099 is not a public domain document.
The maximum rating fuse to be used on an overhead low voltage network or distributor is 400A and all fuses
shall be fast characteristic as defined in CEPG5099. Small rating distributor fuses shall be used in small
transformer installations as defined in CEPG5099.
There are limitations on the use of ABC conductors for protection reasons. The maximum impedance of LV
network to the extremity of the ABC conductor is defined in Table 3.5.12.2 and associated notes.

Page 25 of 37
Max loop Max distributor length

Fuse Size impedance for
the distributor 1 x 95 2 x 95 1 x 150
400A 160 + j32 mΩ 200m 400m 300m

250A 280 + j56 mΩ 350m 700m 530m
100A 720 + j144 mΩ 900m - 1360m
Table 3.5.12.2
Notes for Table 3.5.12.2:

1 Standard fuse sizes are in accordance with document CEPG5099.
2 The loop impedance of a LV distributor is defined as the total impedance, measured from a
Distribution Centre to the network extremity, of a phase conductor plus the return neutral or other
phase conductor.
3 The maximum distributor length is for protection limitations and does not take into account voltage
drop considerations. That is, voltage considerations may considerably reduce the distributor length.
4 The intention is to clear the worst possible faults in approximately 10 seconds. Fuse clearing times
are based on the slowest characteristic compatible with Country Energy’s specified bandwidth for
fuse time-current characteristics.
5 The maximum distributor length provided in Table 3.5.12.2 could be exceeded for a particular
situation provided that the 10 second clearing time is maintained.
6 The distributor lengths provided are based on the maximum loop impedance for a distributor with a
constant cable configuration, i.e. 1 or 2 cables per phase for their entire length. Where a mixed
configuration is used an equivalent proportional length can be used, eg, 200m of parallel 95mm2
cable plus 100m of single 95mm2 cable for a 400A fuse (see figure 1 below).
Figure 1 – Mixed Cable Configuration

Page 26 of 37
3.5.13 Insulation Co-Ordination

In general, Country Energy’s overhead line designs and standards are based on co-ordinated levels of
insulation withstand voltages for the various line configurations and equipment types together with the correct
application of surge arresters.
Failure performance of the installation is very adversely affected by seemingly minor departures from
construction standards affecting clearances or configuration.
The basic insulation coordination principles as outlined in Australian Standard AS1824.1 and the guidelines
as set out in AS1824.2 should be applied to all overhead lines and associated equipment. It is important that
all material and equipment installed on the network comply with the appropriate Country Energy Specification.
Principles to be followed are:

• Every pole substation to have surge arresters at the transformer HV terminals
• Every HV underground to overhead connection shall have surge arresters fitted
• All surge arresters must comply with Country Energy’s specifications and AS1307 and shall in
particular comply with the specification in respect to:
• Spark performance
• Shattering performances
• Surge arresters are to be installed on both the source and load side of line reclosers, sectionalisers
and gas switches
• No surge arresters are to be installed at inline air break switch or link locations
• Earthing systems shall comply with the requirements as shown in Country Energy’s Construction
Manual CEM7109, Distribution Overhead Mains
• Pin insulators on timber crossarms are not to be bonded together (as this reduces BIL and does not
take advantage of the arc-quenching properties of timber)
• All 11kV lines shall be constructed with 22kV insulation
• Additional insulation is required for 22 and 33kV lines constructed within 3km of the ocean or large
areas of salt water including bays, inlets and lakes, or where insulators are attached to
earthed/conductive poles and crossarms
3.5.14 Special Requirements of Other Authorities

As previously indicated in Clause 3.2 of this document, it is the responsibility of the designer to obtain
approvals as necessary from other relevant authorities prior to construction. As a general requirement, all
crossings of rail lines, waterways, TransGrid undercrossings and overhead lines near aircraft landing fields
MUST be profiled. Country Energy will assist in the approval process by submitting the application with the
basic information as provided by the ASP. Basic requirements are as follows:

Page 27 of 37
3.5.14.1 Rail Crossings

Where an overhead extension or augmentation project involves the crossing of a railway line or railway
property, the designer shall be responsible for providing a separate crossing plan with profile, a completed
Electrical Aerial Crossing data sheet and where necessary a request for underground services on Rail
Infrastructure Corporation (RIC) property, in accordance with RIC document EP10 01 00 05 SP. The Regional
Office of Country Energy for the region in which the rail crossing will occur will submit the application on behalf
of the ASP for approval by the RIC.
Note: Low voltage (230/400V) aerial crossings of electrified tracks are NOT permitted.
3.5.14.2 Crossings of Waterways

Similar to Rail Crossings, the designers shall prepare a separate drawing with profile of the waterway crossing
suitable for submission to the Waterways of NSW. The plan and profile shall include all details of the crossing
such as pole heights, pole locations in relation to the waterway, the relative levels of pole, conductor sag and
clearance relative to high water levels (HWL) at maximum design operating temperature.
The Regional Office of Country Energy for the region in which the Waterways crossing is to be located will
prepare and submit the application on behalf of the ASP to the Waterways Authority.
3.5.14.3 TransGrid Undercrossings

Similar to Clause 3.5.14.1 the designer shall prepare a separate drawing of all undercrossings of TransGrid
lines. The drawing shall provide a plan and profile showing details of the poles and conductor heights and
location of the undercrossing in relation to TransGrid conductors and structures. Reference is made to
TransGrid drawing A3 TL613883 for the clearance requirements.
The height of TransGrid conductors should indicate the time, the day, month and year and the ambient
temperature at which the measurement was taken with appropriate notation of any wind condition present at
the time.
The maximum height of Country Energy lines shown on the profile shall be the minimum designed operating
temperature of the line.
Country Energy’s Office for the Region in which the undercrossing occurs will assist with the submission of the
approval application when the ASP has provided the information previously outlined.
3.5.14.4 Overhead Lines near Aircraft Landing Fields

Designers should be aware that overhead power lines shall not encroach on glide paths adjacent to aircraft
landing field.
Glide path dimensions are provided in Civil Aviation Authority Publication CAAP92-1(1), 1998.
Fitment of aircraft warning marker balls to conductors of lines located near aircraft landing fields may be
required, refer to Clause 3.5.9. Designers should increase the wind loading on conductors accordingly.

Page 28 of 37
3.5.14.5 Co-ordination of Power and Telecommunications

Guidelines for the co-ordination of power systems and cabled telecommunication system requirements are
provided in Standards Australia document HB100-2000(CJC4) Co-ordination of Power and
Telecommunication.
It is a requirement that all designs comply with the true spirit and intent of the aforementioned guidelines.

Page 29 of 37
ATTACHMENT A – LOAD TYPE AND VALUES
Standard
Customer Utilisation Factor
Region Load Type ADMD Deviation
for Transformer Sizing
Ratio
Units and Relocatable No. of Utilisation
All 3.0kVA/dwelling 1.0
Homes Customers Multiplier
Prestige Units, Integrated
3.5kVA/dwelling 1.0 1 2.0
Housing
Rural Estates 7.0kVA/lot 1.0 2 1.60
Rural domestic 5.0kVA/dwelling 1.0 3 1.47
Light Industrial Estates** 30.0kVA/lot** 0 4 1.40
Pumps and Motors Actual Rating 0
5 1.36
Coast Residential* 4.0kVAlot* 1.0
Prestige Housing, Canal
Coast Estates, Village 5kVA/lot 1.0 10 1.25
Residential
Prestige Residential – no
Inland 7.5kVA/lot*** 1.0
reticulated gas***
20 1.10
Residential – no
Inland 6.0kVA/lot 1.0
reticulated gas
Residential – reticulated
Inland 4kVA 1.0
gas
30 1
Prestige Residential
Inland 5.5kVA 1.0
reticulated gas
* Includes Duplex Lots

** Use 30kVA or actual known loading, whichever is greater
*** In some prestige Alpine residential subdivisions or in other specific locations, it may be prudent to
use an ADMD greater than 7.5kVA/lot. In such cases the actual ADMD used will be identified in the
preliminary design information.
In addition to the previous load information, when calculating voltage drops using “LVDROP” (version 5.48 or
later) software, the following parameters should also be used.
Transformer: LOIMP
Voltage:
Source = 240V
Nominal = 230V
Confidence Factors for Overhead Systems:
Voltage Drop = 3.00
Conductor Loading = 2.00
Transformer sizing use Utilisation Factor Table above.
Method Statistical
POA All Point of Application factors are to be calculated
Load Power Factor: Use 0.9 if not known
Node 3 phase total load: Use unbalanced multiplier of 1.
Node single phase: Use twice (2x) the distance as per the software instructions.

Page 30 of 37
SIZING OF TRANSFORMERS:
Where customer loads are not assessed using AS3000 and the tabulated ADMD values are used, then the
utilisation multiplier must be used in assessing the transformer capacity for the required number of
customers.
TRANSFORMER SIZE = ADMD x NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS x UTILIZATION FACTOR
As a general rule, the transformer size obtained using this method should be in the order of 50% of the value
that would be obtained using the total load current shown in the LVDROP program.

Page 31 of 37
ATTACHMENT B - LOAD DENSITY VALUES FOR ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM DEMAND

Typical Load Density Values (VA/m2) for different types of Floor Area Usage (Net Areas)
These load density values depend on many factors including:

• the effects of the outside environment on the building structure and type of air conditioning system
• the effects of heat or electrical equipment loads within the premises
• the proposed lighting design and
• the degree of environment control and load management within the premises.
The average values may be used where insufficient information is available.
Range Average
Type of Development
VA/m2 VA/m2
Offices Not air conditioned 40-60 50
Air conditioned – cooling only 70-100 85
Reverse Cycle 60-90 75
Electrical reheat open areas 80-120 100
Electrical reheat zonal or package units 90-130 110
Variable volume 60-80 70
Car Parking Open air 0-10 5
Ventilated 10-20 15
Warehousing Unventilated 5-15 10
Ventilated 10-20 15
Shops Not air conditioned 40-100 70
Air conditioned 60-140 100
Shopping Centres (assumed air 60-140 100
Not air conditioned public areas
conditioned shops)
Air conditioned public areas 80-160 120
Industrial Light 10-20 15
If ventilated add 10-20 15
If air conditioned add (see note) 30-50 40
Theatres, halls, etc Ventilated 50-70 60
Air conditioned 80-120 100
Hotels, taverns, restaurants 60-100 80
Note: Medium and heavy industrial areas require full details of connected load before an assessment of
demand can be made. Only uniformly distributed loads such as lighting and air conditioning can be
assessed using this area usage method.

Page 32 of 37
ATTACHMENT C - CONDUCTOR INFORMATION

Impedance values show in the following conductor information table are provided for calculating purposes
only and should be used when assessing existing networks for interconnection with new developments using
standard conductors. In general, the impedance R and X components and the conductor ratings are extracted
(where available) from the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 3008.1.1:1998. Generally resistance
values are for a conductor temperature of 75°C and the Reactance values are for LV conductor spacing of
0.6m at 50Hz. The current carrying capacity of the conductors shown are generally based on an ambient
temperature of 40°C and a maximum conductor temperature of 75°C with a wind speed of 1m/s. The values
shown in the following table generally align with those provided in the Country Energy version of “LVDROP”.
CONDUCTOR INFORMATION TABLE

Conductor size Resistance Reactance Rating
Description
And type ohm/km ohm/km Amp
[AAAC-4W]
3Ø 4 WIRE LV 19/3.25AAAC 0.22544 0.29063 473
ALL ALUMINIUM 19/3.75AAAC 0.17123 0.28166 562
ALLOY BARE 19/4.75AAAC 0.11061 0.26684 747
OVERHEAD 37/3.00AAAC 0.13846 0.27389 642
CONDUCTOR 7/2.50AAAC 1.01631 0.34195 184
7/3.00AAAC 0.70735 0.33049 234
7/3.75AAAC 0.45175 0.31619 307
7/4.50AAAC 0.31505 0.30501 383
7/4.75AAAC 0.28307 0.3014 409
[AAC-4W]
3Ø 4 WIRE LV 19/.128AAC * 0.21817 0.2908 479
ALL ALUMINIUM 19/.149AAC * 0.16299 0.28126 570
BARE 19/3.25AAC 0.21937 0.29063 479
OVERHEAD 19/3.75AAC 0.16602 0.28183 570
CONDUCTOR 19/4.75AAC 0.10776 0.26684 756
37/3.00AAC 0.13541 0.27389 651
7/.118AAC * 0.68367 0.33055 237
7/.134AAC * 0.53037 0.32256 274
7/.144AAC * 0.43859 0.31821 311
7/.173AAC * 0.31943 0.30651 388
7/1.75AAC 2.02037 0.36437 139
7/2.50AAC 0.98472 0.34195 190
7/3.00AAC 0.68485 0.33049 237
7/3.75AAC 0.43859 0.31619 311
7/4.50AAC 0.3071 0.30501 388
7/4.75AAC 0.27615 0.3014 413
* Existing Imperial Size Conductors

Page 33 of 37
CONDUCTOR INFORMATION TABLE (contd)

Conductor size Resistance Reactance Rating
Description
And type ohm/km ohm/km Amp
[ACSR-4W]
3/4/.0661 * 4.22584 0.39528 85
3Ø 4 WIRE LV
ALUMINIUM 3/4/.093 * 2.22801 0.37382 131
CONDUTOR 3/4/1.75 4.06991 0.39208 85
STEEL 3/4/2.50 1.99131 0.37026 131
REINFORCED
4/3/3.00 1.16642 0.34834 91
4/3/3.75 0.74553 0.33404 238
6/1/.093 * 1.41429 0.34656 167
6/1/.118 * 0.87852 0.33159 209
6/1/.144 * 0.59083 0.31908 274
6/1/2.50 1.2674 0.343 167
6/1/3.00 0.88034 0.33154 209
6/1/3.75 0.56387 0.31752 274
6/4.75+7/1.60 0.36364 0.30244 364
[HDBC-4W]
3Ø 4 WIRE LV 19/.064HDBC * 0.54705 0.34839 270
HARD DRAWN 19/.083HDBC * 0.32147 0.31802 337
BARE COPPER 19/.101HDBC * 0.21753 0.30569 552
CONDUCTOR 19/1.75HDBC 0.4643 0.32973 286
19/2.00HDBC 0.35679 0.32134 337
19/3.00HDBC 0.16103 0.29586 552
7/.064HDBC * 1.44252 0.369 156
7/.080HDBC * 0.92372 0.35498 183
7/.104HDBC * 0.54705 0.33849 270
[ABC-2W]
1Ø 2 WIRE 25ABC/2c 1.41762 0.089 105
LVABC 95ABC/2c 0.37863 0.08 230
[ABC-4W]
3Ø 4 WIRE 25ABC/4W 1.41762 0.097 97
LVABC 50ABC/4W 0.75725 0.093 140
70ABC/4W 0.52418 0.088 175
95ABC/4W 0.37863 0.087 215
150ABC/4W 0.24449 0.084 280
[Al U/G-4C]
3Ø 4 CORE LV
SECTOR SHAPED 120A/4C 0.31 0.0685 255
ALUMINIUM 185A/4C 0.202 0.0686 325
UNDERGROUND 240A/4C 0.154 0.0678 380
CABLE
[Cu U/G-4C]
3Ø 4 CORE LV
CIRCULAR SHAPED 16C/4C 1.4 0.0861 105
COPPER 25C/4C 0.884 0.0853 150
UNDERGROUND 50C/4C 0.471 0.0797 215
CABLE
* Existing Imperial Size Conductor

Page 34 of 37
4 REFERENCES
CECG1000 – Safety, Health and Environmental Management
CEFD6024 – Environmental Assessment
CEK8003 – Subtransmission and Distribution Network Planning Criteria and Guidelines
CEK8042 – Distribution Apparatus Node Number Plates and Operational Number Labelling
CEK8046 – Easement Requirements
CEM7001 – Construction Drawing Standard Symbology
CEM7011 – Standard Overhead Conductor Current Rating Guide
CEM7063 – Information Security Sensitivity Handling
CEM7098 – Construction Standard Manual – Underground Design
CEM7099 – Standard Overhead Construction Manual
CEP2010 – Vegetation Clearing Guidelines for New Power Lines
CEPG1096 – Information Security Sensitivity Labelling and Handling
CEPG2016 – Environmental Impact Assessment
CEPG2021 – Removing Vegetation near Overhead Powerlines
CEPG2162 – Policy Document Management
CEPG5099 – Distribution Transformer Fusing
CEPG5124 – Full Length Preservative Treated Hardwood Poles
CEPG8002 – Protection Guidelines
CEPG8008 – Vegetation Management Plan
CEPG8019 – Capital Contributions
CEPG8022 – Bush Fire Risk Management Plan
CEPG8040 – Corporate Purchasing
AS1158 – Australian Standard Publication – Road Lighting Operation and Maintenance
AS1307 – Australian Standard Publication – Surge Arrestors
AS1824.1 – Australian Standard Publication – Insulation Co-ordination
AS3000 – Australian Standard Publication – Wiring Rules
AS/NZS 3008.1.1 – Electrical Installation – Selection of Cables
AS61000 – Australian Standards Publication – Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
CAAP92-1(1),1998 – Civil Aviation Authority Publication
EC5 – Electricity Council of NSW – Guideline to Protective Earthing
EP10 01 00 05 SP – Rail Infrastructure Corporation Requirements for Electric Aerials Crossing RIC
Infrastructure
ENA C(b)1-2006 – Energy Networks Association Publication ‘Guidelines for Design and Maintenance of
Overhead Distribution and Transmission Lines’

Page 35 of 37
HB100-2000(CJC4) – Australian Standard Publication – Co-ordination of Power and Telecommunications

ISSC20 – Industry Guidelines for the Management of Electricity Easements
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979
Service and Installation Rules of New South Wales, 2006
Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal Determination No. 1, 2002
Community Land Development Act 1989
OHS Act 2000 and OHS Regulation 2001

Page 36 of 37
5 REVISIONS
This document shall be reviewed in accordance with Country Energy policy document CEPG2162 – Policy
Document Management, as a minimum requirement.
Issue Number Section Details of Changes in this Revision

1 Para 2 updated to include all CE documents, and also Acts and
Regulations
1 Para 3 added
3.4 Sentence “The gas switch is the standard switch to be used on the
Country Energy distribution network” added
3.5 “This document” and CECG1000 added as bullets
3.5.5 & 5 CEK8042 no longer in draft
3.5.6 Now includes CEM7099
3.5.6.6 CEM7106.27 added
3.5.6.7 2nd Column, 3rd Row now ACSR or AAAC
Table 2nd Column, 4th Row now AAAC
3.5.7.1 4th Column, 2nd Row now CES5104.17
2 Table 4th Column, 3rd Row item 1 added
4th Column, 4th Row now CES5104.23 item 2
4th Column, 5th Row now CES5104.23 item 3
3.5.8 HBC(b)1-2003 now ENA C(b)1-2006
3.5.9.3 “All pole substations shall be positioned in a location that allows
access at all time, by a borer/erector” Added to para 1
3.5.10 & 5 CEPG5099 – Distribution Transformer Fusing now doc # CEPG5099
still Draft
5 CECG1000, CEK8022, CEPG2162 & OHS Act & Regulation added
CEP2016 now CEPG2016
Various Electricity Supply Association of Australia Limited (ESAA) now Energy
Networks Association (ENA)
Various ESAA.C(b)1-2003 now ENA C(b)1-2006
3.2 Insertion above last paragraph.
3.5.1 Changes to the second paragraph
3.5.6.3 ‘Consumers terminals’ changed to ‘Point of Supply’
3.5.8 Change of C(b)1-2006 to ENA C(b)1-2006
3.5.9.2 Revised wording in first and fifth paragraphs
3.5.9.3 Additional wording in first paragraph “a minimum clear space…at the
3 site”
3.5.9.4 Various changes
3.5.10 Removal of draft for CEPG5099 and change rural substation to pole
mounted.
3.5.11 Insertion at the end of the section
4 CEPG5124 added.
Updated title – Service Installation Rules of NSW 2006

Page 37 of 37

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CE-IN-CONFIDENCE

Before you begin …

2 DO NOT unlawfully disclose any restricted information in this document.

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

2 KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

3 ACTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

3.3 Methods of Supply

Reference should be made to the NSW Service and Installation Rules.

3.3.2 Direct Distributor – nominally 400/230V

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

Reference is made to CEM7104.27 – Connection to Distribution Substation.

3.3.3 Customer Substation – nominally 11000, 22000 or 33000V/400/230V

3.3.4 High voltage Supply – nominally 11kV, 22kV and 33kV

3.4 Methods of Construction and Materials

and may include isolated industrial/commercial developments.

3.4.2 Reporting Potentially Dangerous Conditions

3.5 Overhead Design and Construction Requirements

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

The following sections include general issues as a guide for designers.

3.5.1 Environmental Considerations

3.5.2 Vegetation Management

Reference is made to CEPG8046 – Easement Requirements for additional information.

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

3.5.4 Construction Plans

3.5.5 Network Asset Identification

3.5.6 Overhead Distribution Line Design Parameters

The following additional information is provided to assist in the design process:

3.5.6.1 Assessment of Maximum Demand

3.5.6.2 Maximum Low Voltage Distributor Loading

3.5.6.3 Maximum Voltage Drop

Note: Service mains are not regarded as part of the distributor.

3.5.6.4 Quality of Supply

3.5.6.5 Levels of Reliability

Low Voltage Services

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

3.5.6.6 Clearances and Spacings

Distance to ground in any direction (m)

Nominal System Voltage Over land which due to

Bare low voltage

Insulated low voltage

11, 22 and 33kV 7.3 6.0 5.0

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

3.5.6.7 Standard Design Temperatures

66kV & 132kV All conductors All subtransmission locations 85° C

3.5.7 Standard Overhead Conductors and Cables

3.5.7.1 Bare Overhead Line Conductors

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

Standard bare conductors are:

444060 3/2.75 SC/GZ * Refer note below CES5104.13

3.5.7.2 Stay Wire

3.5.7.3 Low Voltage Aerial Bundled Cable (LVABC)

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

Standard LVABCs are:

3.5.7.4 High Voltage Aerial Bundled Cable (HVABC)

Standard HVABC’s are:

3.5.7.5 High Voltage Covered Conductor (CCT)

19 October 2007 – Issue 3

Standard HV CCT for use on Country Energy’s distribution networks are:

Country Energy Stock

11kV 1-Core 40mm2 stranded Aluminium

3.5.7.6 Conductor Fittings

CEM7097'3

CEM7097'3