WELCOME!

PO3 Ma. Krizel A. Cubon, BScN, RN, EMT-B

Occupational Health Nurse
Philippine Navy Reservist

Basic Life Support CPR

and FBAO for the

Lay Rescuer and
Healthcare Provider

Kinds of Life Support:

1. Basic Life Support (BLS)
- An emergency procedure that
consists of recognizing respiratory or
cardiac arrest or both and the proper
application of CPR to maintain life until
a victim recovers or advanced life
support is available.

 2. Advance Life Support (ALS) EMTs

Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

- The use of special equipment to

maintain breathing and circulation for the
victim of a cardiac emergency.

3. Prolonged Life Support (PLS)

- For post resuscitative and long term

resuscitation.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Cardio HEART

Pulmonary LUNGS
Resuscitation - REVIVE

CPR

A set of assessment and skills used in

sequence to provide rescue support and
maintain some oxygen and blood flow to the
heart and brain.
Rescue Breathing (blowing)

not breathing
Chest Compressions (pumping)
no signs of circulation
(breathing normally, coughing, moving)

Why should YOU learn CPR?

Someone you love is suffering from heart
disease.

The nature of your job requires that youll be

prepared to handle medical emergencies.
You believe that knowing the skills of CPR
simply makes you more useful member of
your community.

 Its better to know CPR

and NOT need it, than to
NEED it and not know
it.
- Anonymous

The Human Body Systems

1. The Respiratory System
- nose/mouth, trachea, lungs
It delivers oxygen to the body, as well as removes
carbon dioxide from the body.
Respiration - passage of air into and out of the
lungs
Inspiration or Inhaling - breathing in
Expiration or Exhaling - breathing out

2. The Circulatory System

- Heart, blood and blood vessels
It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the bodys
tissues and removes waste products.
3. The Nervous System
- brain, spinal cord and nerves
Two major functions communication and
control

TIME ELEMENT, OXYGEN and DEATH

Golden Time 10 minutes

- 6 minutes without Oxygen will generally cause

brain damage.
Air that enters the lungs contains:
- 21 % Oxygen
Air exhaled from the lungs contains:
- 16- 17 % Oxygen
- 4-5 % CO2
Without oxygen, cells in the brain begin to die in as
little as 4 to 6 minutes.

Chain of Survival(2005 Guidelines)

EARLY
ACCESS

EARLY CPR

EARLY
DEFIBRILLATION

EARLY
ADVANCED
CARE

Chain of Survival(2010 Guidelines)

Integrated
Post- Cardiac
Arrest Care

Chain of Survival Concept:

IMPROVE THE OUTCOME
FOR THE VICTIMS
OF
CARDIOPULMONARY
ARREST

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
1. Risk factors that cannot be changed
- Heredity
- Age
- Gender

2. Risk factors that can be changed

- Cigarette Smoking
- Hypertension

- Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride level

- Lack of Exercise
- Obesity
- Stress

- Diabetes Mellitus

Heart Attack (Acute Myocardial Infarction)

occurs when a portion of the heart muscle is deprived
of oxygen and the muscle cells die.

Signs and Symptoms of an AMI:

Chest pain radiating to the left arm or neck could last
longer than 15 minutes
Difficulty breathing, sweating, nausea or vomiting
Irregular pulse, weakness, cool, pale, moist skin

First Aid Management of Heart Attack

1. Recognized the signals of heart attack
and take action.
2. Have patient stop what he or she is doing
and sit or lie him/her down in a
comfortable position. Do not let the
patient move around.
3. Have someone call the physician or
ambulance for help.
4. If patient is under medical care, assist
him/her in taking his/her prescribed
medicine/s.

If left untreated, it
could lead to
Cardiopulmonary
Arrest!!!

BLS CPR Sequence (2010 Guidelines)

Check for Responsiveness

- tap the shoulder (3x) and shout ARE YOU OK?

If unresponsive:
Activate EMS
Open Airway (head-tilt-chin-lift)
Check Signs of life 5- 10 seconds
If no signs of life:
Begin CPR

CPR for Cardiac Arrest Victim/s

- No Signs of life
Starts with compression by:
- placing the heel of one hand on the center of the chest between the
nipple line and interlock with the other hand. (Adult)

- placing the heel of one hand on the center of the chest between the
nipple line. (Child)
- placing two fingers on the center of the chest 1 finger breadth below
the nipple line. (Infant)
- at a rate of 100 compressions
- Depth: Adult = 1 - 2 inches, Child & Infant = 1/3 Depth
- 5 cycles/ 2 minutes
- Ratio of 30:2 (30 compressions, 2 breaths)
- Adult, Child, Infant
- Count 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9..1

Ways to Ventilate the Lungs:

RESCUER TO- VICTIM

1. Mouth-to-mouth
2. Mouth-to-Nose
3. Mouth-to-mouth-and-Nose
4. Mouth-to-Stoma
5. Use of Ventilation Devices
(Face mask, Face Shield, Pocket Mask, BagValve-Mask)

Rescue Breathing for Respiratory Arrest Px

- NO breathing, WITH pulse
Start Rescue Breathing by:

In Adult,
- 24 cycles/ 2 minutes
- Ratio of 5:1 (1 breath in every 5 seconds)
- BEGIN WITH a BREATH then
count 1, 1002, 1003, 1001. breath, 1, 1002, 1003, 1002
breath..up to 1024,
- END WITH a BREATH.
In Child and Infant,
- 40 cycles/ 2 minutes
- Ratio of 3:1 (1 breath in every 3 seconds)
- BEGIN WITH a BREATH then count 1, 1001. breath, 1,
1002. breath up to 1040. END WITH a BREATH.

Foreign Body Airway Obstruction

Causes of Airway Obstruction:
1. Anatomical Obstruction

- relaxed tongue
2. Mechanical Obstruction
- Foreign Body
3. Medical Problem
- infection or inflammation(allergies)

When to STOP CPR?

(D efibrillator arrives)
S cene becomes unsafe

T- urn over to another Rescuer (higher or advance

training)
O- ver exhausted Rescuer
P- Physician arrives and assume responsibility and/or
declares DEATH

Classification of Obstruction:
1. MILD OBSTRUCTION
Has good air exchange
Responsive and can cough forcefully
May wheeze between coughs

2. SEVERE OBSTRUCTION
Poor/no air exchange
Weak, ineffective cough
High pitch noise/unable to speak
Cyanosis/clutching the neck

FBAO Management
Heimlich Maneuver
-Heimlich maneuver or chest thrusts is
recommended for relieving foreign
body airway obstruction.

BLS CPR

Demonstration
Heimlich Maneuver

Demonstration

QUESTIONS?
SUGGESTIONS?
CLARIFICATIONS?
VIOLENT
REACTIONS?!

Madamo guid nga

SALAMAT!!
-

All rights reserved-Krizel-