Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TISSUES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completing this unit, asking clarifying questions to enhance understanding, reviewing, and practicing, you
should be able to:
1. Describe characteristics common to each of the four major tissue types.
2. Spot patterns and characteristics of specific tissue types so you can identify and name the tissue if you are
given a picture or description.
3. Relate tissue structure to its function and location.
4. Describe the components of a tissue and how they relate to each other.
5. Compare and contrast different tissue types.
I. INTRODUCTION TO TISSUES
- tissue = group of specialized cells that perform function
- 4 major types of tissues:
1) epithelial tissue
Struc:
Func:
2) neural tissue
Struc:
Func:
3) muscle tissue
Struc:
Func:
4) connective tissue
Struc:
Func:
When cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy, they are given drugs that affect the basic function of all
cells. Cancer cells grow and divide rapidly, therefore they tend to take in more nutrients and thus more of the
drug than other cells. However, because these drugs are not cancer cell specific, they can cause side effects
like hair loss, sensitive skin, nausea and vomiting. What does this tell you about the tissues that form hair, skin
and line the digestive tract?
When you burn the roof of your mouth, it peels off in a large sheet instead of just disintegrating. When you
skin your knee or elbow, you can also peel off sheets of skin. What do you suppose makes this possible? What
does this tell you about epithelial tissues?
The skin of your arm is dry and if you rub it with a dark cloth, the white flecks you see will be dead, sloughed
off cells. If all the visible cells of your skin are dead, how can you grow new skin? If someone pinches your skin,
why doesnt it just tear off revealing bone and muscle? What does this tell you about epithelial tissues?
The stomach can be filled with burning hot liquids (e.g. soup, coffee), acid (e.g. pickles, soft drinks, stomach
acid), bacteria and digestive enzymes, yet is lined only with simple columnar epithelial cells. How can a single
layer of cells withstand this harsh environment, protect the tissues that lie beneath it and prevent itself from
being washed away into the small intestine? Your answers will describe some special characteristics of epithelial
tissues.
struc:
func:
loc:
2) simple cuboidal
struc:
3) simple columnar
func:
loc:
struc:
func:
- limited protection
- lots of cytoplasm for secretion, absorption
loc:
func:
loc:
- skin
loc:
5) stratified cuboidal
struc:
func:
- protection + secretion
loc:
func:
- protection + secretion
loc:
func:
loc:
8) transitional epithelium
struc:
- cells may be crowded into many layers, looks like stratified cuboidal
- or stretched, looks like simple squamous
func:
loc:
V. NEURAL TISSUE
- specialized to conduct electrical impulses
- contains 2 basic types of cells
1) neurons
2) neuroglia/glial cells
- most common
- ropes of collagen protein
- long, straight, very strong, a little flexible
b) reticular fibers
- thin, branching, flexible network of collagen proteins
c) elastic fibers
- wavy, branched elastin protein allows stretch, recoil
cells:
ECM:
func:
loc:
2) lymph
cells:
ECM:
func:
loc:
cells:
ECM:
func:
- 2 types of bone:
1) compact bone
loc:
2) spongy bone
loc:
D. Cartilage
- all cartilage are avascular appear white, rely on diffusion, heal slowly
- all cartilage have:
- cells: - chondrocytes in lacunae
- ECM: - firm gel of polysaccharides + proteins = chondroitin sulphate + hyaluronic acid
- fibers: - varied
- 3 types of cartilage:
1) hyaline cartilage (most common)
ECM:
func:
cells:
ECM:
2) fibrocartilage
loc:
cells:
- many chondrocytes
ECM:
func:
- flexible support
loc:
3) elastic cartilage
ECM:
func:
- fills space
- cushions, stabilizes organs
- supports, anchors epithelia, blood vessels, nerves
loc:
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2) adipose tissue
cells:
- mostly adipocytes
ECM:
- not visible
func:
loc:
3) reticular tissue
cells:
ECM:
func:
loc:
- few fibroblasts
ECM:
func:
loc:
- few fibroblasts
ECM:
func:
loc:
cells:
- few fibroblasts
ECM:
func:
loc:
6) elastic tissue
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