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Section 2
___________
Multiple Choice
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Section 3
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Total Score
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Physics 111
Solution to Exam 2
Gary Morris
Do not open this exam until you are instructed to do so. Carefully read all the
instructions listed below.
Look at the seat to your left. Look at the seat to your right. If they are not BOTH unoccupied,
you must change seats until the seats on either side of you contain no persons.
Clear your desktop of all items except a pencil/pen, a (scientific) calculator, and a single 35
note card (hand-written). You may not use your book or any additional notes during this exam.
You must staple your note card to this exam before turning in the exam.
You will have 75 minutes to complete the exam. When you are instructed to stop working on the
exam, you must put down your pencil/pen immediately. I will notify you when there are 30
minutes, 15 minutes, and 5 minutes remaining in the exam period.
Read through the entire exam before you start. The last page contains useful constants and
mathematical formulas.
Generous partial credit is awarded. However, you must show your work to receive credit. Do
not simply write down the answers. No partial credit will be given on the multiple-choice
section.
The Multiple Choice and Essay sections are mandatory.
You need only work 2 out of the 3 Sections on this exam. NOTE: you must circle on this
page the numbers corresponding to the two sections you would like us to grade. We will only
grade the problems that you circle. If you do not indicate which problems you would like us to
grade, we will grade the first two sections you attempt.
Education is what survives when what has been learned has been
forgotten. B. F. Skinner
Use this page if you need extra space to work any of the following problems.
a) [ 5 points ] Draw a free-body diagram for the box when the pole makes an angle of with the
vertical. Describe each force present in your free-body diagram. Describe the 3rd Law Pair forces
for each force in your free-body diagram.
b) [ 4 points ] If the maximum force you can apply to the pole is 500 N, at what angle will you lose
control of the box. (Hint: Use Newtons 2nd Law and find the angle if the force is equal to 500 N.)
For parts c) through e), assume the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the wall is k =
0.30.
c) [ 4 points ] Draw a free-body diagram for the box when the pole makes an angle of with the
vertical. Describe each force present in your free-body diagram.
d) [ 7 points ] Use Newtons 2nd Law to find an expression for the force of the pole on the box
required to maintain constant speed as a function of k, g, m, and .
e) [ 5 points ] If the maximum force you can apply to the pole is 500 N, will you ever lose control of
the box? (Hint: Consider the limiting case of a horizontal pole.) Justify your answer with physics.
a)
+y
+x
Fp
force of the pole on box
reaction: force of box on
N
Normal force of wall on box
Reaction: force of box on
W = mg
force of gravity of Earth on box (weight)
reaction: force of gravity of box on
b) Lets apply Newtons second law in component form. First, in the x-direction:
Fx = max
FP sin N = 0
where we have used the fact that ax=0 since it is not burrowing into the wall or hopping off of it. In
the y-direction, we have
Fx = ma y
FP cos mg = 0
where ay=0 since the box is supposed to move down at a constant velocity.
Our known are FP = 500 N, m = 15.0 kg, and g = 9.8 m/s2. We are trying to find . Using equation 2,
we find
mg
cos =
FP
mg
D
= cos
= 73
FP
1
c)
+y
Force of kinetic
friction opposing the
slide down the wall
fk
+x
Fp
force of the pole on
N
Normal force of wall on
W = mg
force of gravity of Earth on box
d) Our knowns are m, k and g. Applying Ns 2nd with zero acceleration, we get:
Fx = max
FP sin N = 0
= ma y
FP cos + f k mg = 0
Since f k = k N , we can write this as two equations with two unknowns, N and FP:
FP sin = N
FP cos + k N = mg
Substituting for N, we can solve for FP:
FP cos + k FP sin = mg
FP ( cos + k sin ) = mg
FP =
mg
cos + k sin
e) Well, if I substitue in for m, k and g and use a horizontal pole so =90, then I find that
FP = 490 N.
So, you will just barely be able to keep the box under control until it dips a little below the horizontal.
a)
FH
H
WL
WH
How much time he gains who does not look to see what his neighbor
says or does or thinks, but only at what he does himself, to make it just
and holy. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121 - 180), Meditations
b) From the free-body diagram of the second block and the fact that a=0, we have
T wH = 0
T = wH = 170 N
c)
H
WL
WH
d) Use Ns 2nd law for both objects in the y-direction (+y taken to be up):
T wL = mL aL
T wH = mH aH
Then because they are tied by a string and because when one goes up, the other goes down
aL = aH
Using this fact, we see we have two equations with two unknowns
T wL = mL aH
T wH = mH aH
and so all we have to do is algebra. If I solve for aH in the second equation and plug that into the first
equation, I get
T wH
T wL = mL
mH
mH (T wL ) = mL (T wH )
T (mH + mL ) = mH wL + mL wH
T=
mH wL + mL wH
mH + mL
wL
g
w
mH = H
g
mL =
6
Plugging this all in, we get T = 124 N.
e) To solve the, we have three steps. First, find acceleration. Then, find final velocity. Then find
momentum.
If we subtract the second equation in (4) from the first equation in (4), we find
wH wL = (mH + mL )aH
aH =
wH wL
= 2.7 m/s 2
mH + mL
We then can find the final velocity using the kinematics equation:
v 2fy = viy2 + 2a y y
v fy = 2aH (0 h) = 3.8 m/s
Finally, the final momentum is p fy = mH v fy = 66 kg m/s and no x-component.
A bob of mass m is suspended from a fixed point with a massless string of length L (i.e., it is a
pendulum). You are to investigate the motion in which the string moves in a cone with half-angle .
In other words, the bob is moving around in a horizontal circle with constant speed.
a) [4 points] Draw a free-body diagram of the bob.
Describe each force present in your free-body
diagram. Describe the 3rd Law Pair force for each
force in your free-body diagrams.
b) [3 points] Is the bob in equilibrium? If not, in what
direction does it accelerate?
c) [6 points] Call v the tangential speed of the bob.
Write down Newtons 2nd Law in component form for
the vertical and the radial directions.
d) [4 points] Find the tension T in the string. Express
your answer in terms of some or all of , L, m, and g.
e) [4 points] Find the tangential speed v in the string.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of , L, m,
and g.
f) [4 points] Find the period of time it takes for the mass to make a complete circle. Express your
answer in terms of some or all of , L, m, and g. Note: If you have not found an expression for v
in the previous part, you may include it in your answer for reduced credit.
a)
Tension, i.e. force of string on
bob
+y
+x
W = mg
mv 2
R
mv 2
T sin =
L sin
Fy = ma y
T cos mg = 0
d) Based on the y-component equation
mg
cos
e) Substituing this into the x-component equation, we get
mg
mv 2
sin =
cos
L sin
2
gL sin
v2 =
cos
T=
v=
gL sin 2
cos
The Squat:
As the weightlifter squats down, the scale fluctuates. While standing still, the
scale reads Mg. When he begins to accelerate downward during the squat, the
scale briefly ticks to a number less than Mg since the net force on the
weightlifter is downward, the normal force (and hence, the reading on the
scale) will be less than Mg. As he stops in a squat, the scale will briefly tick
upward since to stop his downward motion, he needs a net force upward,
meaning the normal force (and hence, the reading on the scale) will be greater
than Mg. When he comes to rest, the reading will again be Mg.
Weightlifter
Weight of
weightlifter
Contact force
of weightlifter
on barbell
Normal force
of scale on
weightlifter
Weightlifter
Weight of
weightlifter
Weightlifter (cont)
Heres a sketch of the graph:
(M+m)g
Mg
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
From time 0 until t1, the weightlifter stands still. At t1, he begins to squat, causing the
scale to tick to a slightly lower number.
At t2, he slows his downward motion, causing the scale to briefly tick upward to a slightly
higher number. He grabs the barbell, and the scale reads simply his weight.
At t3, he picks up the barbell and begins to stand. The scale briefly registers a number
greater than the sum of the weights of the barbell and him since they must accelerate
upward from rest. As he proceeds at constant velocity, the scale reads just the sum of the
weights.
At t4, the upward motion ceases, indicating a downward acceleration, resulting in a slight
downward tick on scale to a number less than the sum of their weights.
At t5, the barbell accelerates upward, resulting in a slight upward tick on the scale. If the
barbell then proceeds at constant speed, the scale returns to the reading of the sum of the
weights of the barbell and weightlifter, until at time t6 the barbell must slow down,
meaning a slight downward tick on the scale.
The weightlifter holds the barbell steady for Dt, which must be the time between t6 and t7.
At time t7, he drops the barbell, resulting in the scale returning to a reading of just his own
weight.
one-fourth
half
the same as
double
four times
2) A horizontal force of 15 N acts on a block A (mass = 3 kg) which sits next to and is in contact with
block B (mass = 2 kg). The blocks can slide freely on a horizontal frictionless table. What are the
magnitude of the acceleration (a) of the two blocks and the magnitude of the contact force (F) that A
exerts on B?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a = 5 m/s/s; F = 2 N
a = 5 m/s/s; F = 15 N
a = 3 m/s/s; F = 15 N
a = 3 m/s/s; F = 9 N
a = 3 m/s/s; F = 6 N
3) The four situations below show before and after snapshots of a cars velocity. The time interval
between the snapshots is the same in each situation. All cars have the same mass. Before is
depicted on the left and after on the right. Rank these four situations in terms of the impulse on
these cars from most positive to most negative.
I
II
+ 10 m/s
+20 m/s
III
+ 10 m/s
10 m/s
IV
+ 30 m/s
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
+10 m/s
30 m/s
7840 N
3920 N
1960 N
400 N
not enough information to determine
400 kg
5) A constant force F acts on a mass m which can move without friction. The x-component of F is
not zero. The mass is at rest at the origin of our coordinate system (x = 0, y = 0) at time t = 0. Which
of the graphs below is a possible graph of x-coordinate of the mass versus time for this experiment?
t
x