Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PROJECT TITLE:
GULOD Evacuation Centre
A proposed Local Weather and Calamity Rescue Centre that
could withstand and adapt from the natural calamities
that endanger the lives of native and local residence
within the community. Development of 3 shelter prototypes
that is stable, resilient, and adaptive to natural
calamities.
PURPOSE
The primary purpose of the Evacuation Centre Plan is to
provide guidance to municipalities for the consideration of
public health matters during the establishment and monitoring of
an evacuation centre. It considers the physical requirements,
health protection, and health promotion amongst evacuees housed
in an evacuation centre.
KEY PRINCIPLES
Planning for an evacuation centre needs to address many
public health concerns. These include the physical amenities and
space required for well-being, minimizing the risk of different
calamities and the need to promote the health of evacuees to
prevent the acute exacerbation of diseases.
The Community Emergency Control Group is ultimately
responsible for the activation of an evacuation centre in the
event that resources are not equipped to manage the accommodation
requirements following a decision to evacuate a population.
Activation of an evacuation centre will require multi-agency
consultation and response.
Introduction
I.
STATEMENT PROBLEM:
corporation has
square meters)
shall host an
during natural
A) SPACE REQUIREMENTS:
A.1. Physical Amenities
Areas Required:
1. Administration / Staff Areas
2. Registration Areas
3. Mud/Disinfecting Areas (to prevent mud and debris
being tracked into the building
This will simply cleaning and also reduce the risk
of falls on wet floors)
4. Sleeping Areas (including addresses within the
sleeping area so that evacuees can be easily
located for follow-up of social or medical issues)
5. Eating Area
6. Shower and toilet facilities
7. Kitchen/food preparation Area
8. Garbage collection Area
9. Laundry
10.Special Purpose Areas (e.g. prayer area)
11.Storage
12.Hand washing stations
13.Clinic area
14.Isolation area for potentially infectious people
15.Recreation areas (e.g. play area)
16.Child Care
17.Pet holding area (Refer to Section 5)
Clinic Admin
Eating Area
4. Storage/Utility
Isolation Room
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Laundry Area
Restrooms
Hand wash Area
Admin Area
Disinfecting Area
Second Floor:
10.
11.
12.
Staffs Area
Shower Room
Hand Wash Area
Offices
Restrooms
Sleeping Quarters
Storage
Lobby
Rescue Equipments
Sleeping Quarters
Lobby
Offices
Storage
Restrooms
Physical amenities
Selection of an evacuation center site and management of the
center is the responsibility of other agencies. The information
below provides guidance for public health services if they are
asked to provide advice as to the adequacy of planned facilities.
Mud/disinfecting area
Often evacuees may come from an area that has been
contaminated (e.g. by sewage) or is muddy or dusty. In order to
maintain the cleanliness of the facility and reduce the chance of
introduction of disease an area at the entrance to the facility
should be put aside for cleaning mud from shoes and clothes.
Toilets
Ideally there should be a maximum of 20 people for each
available toilet. In the initial phases of the emergency a figure
of 50 people per toilet may be used until additional facilities
are available. Use of toilets could be arranged by households
and/or segregated by sex. The allocation of toilets may depend on
the demographics of the evacuees (e.g. predominantly male vs.
predominantly female). A regular cleaning roster should be
established and maintained. Toilet facilities should include
provision for the disposal of womens sanitary products (e.g.
bins with tight fitting lids). Toilets should be sited in such a
way as to minimize threats to users (particularly children and
females). This includes appropriate lighting, or provision of
torches to those in the evacuation
center. There should be one
wash basin per 10 people. Soap, water and hand towels should be
available in the toilets for hand washing. Posters promoting hand
washing should be available in the toilet block. Refuse bins with
tight fitting lids should be located in the toilet block.
Facilities for changing infants and for the safe disposal of
childrens used nappies should be established, including hand
washing facilities next to the changing station/s.
Major Evacuation Center: Public Health Considerations Guideline
GL2011_011 Issue date: August 2011 Page 7 of 32
Recreation area
A safe, secure recreation area should be put aside for
children and adults. Children and adults will need an area for
physical activity such as sport and games. Children may also
require an indoor area for more passive activities.
Recreation Area
A safe, secure recreation area should be designated.
Evacuees will need an area for physical activity such as sport
and games. Children may also require an indoor area for more
passive activities. Age-appropriate physical activities can be
recommended based on available resources. Access to gyms, sports
fields, equipment and programs may be possible through contacts
and relationships with area schools.
Smoking
The Smoke Fee Ontario Act and local bylaws
adhered to in and around the evacuation centre.
must
be
II.
DESIGN OBJECTIVES :
A. To design an evacuation centre that shall be expressive
of the national government desire to render excellence
public service
B. To design a building that will serve as a quick
reference for the people in the community when setting
up temporary shelters and evacuation centre during
emergencies / calamities.
C. To design a building applying vernacular architecture,
tropical
design,
green
architecture,
sustainable
architecture, energy conservation, and proper space
planning.
D. To design a building that can easily adapt from the
local weather and natural calamities occurring in the
vicinity.
E. To design a 3 prototype evacuation building showing
stability, resiliency and adaptability.
F. To design a building using the available materials
within the vicinity.
B. Duration of occupancy
C. Privacy
D. Security/ Safety of the
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
building
(secure storage,
doors, locks, windows/view ports)
Isolation areas for ill or contaminated occupants or
equipment
Adaptability to the effects of climate change
Water Supply
Vernacular Architecture
Tropical Design
Green Architecture
Sustainable Architecture
Energy Conservation
Climate Resiliency
I. WIND & WATER EFFECTS ON BLDGS.
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
A. INDIGENOUS
(BAMBOO,COCOLUMBER,NIPA,ANAHAW)
CONCRETE-
CONSTRUCTION
A.1. CHARACTERISTICS
A.2
Lightweight
Temporary
Least stiff
W/ height limitation
Most economical
Prone to infestation
EFFECTS
A.3
RECOMMENDATIONS
Provide adequate ties for joints & frames
Provide additional. support & bracings on
existing structural frames
Increase dead load by using heavier materials
especially for bamboo construction
Provide additional. ties on joints or framing
connections
B. CONCRETE
B.1
B.2
B.3
CHARACTERISTICS
Heavy and sturdy
Permanent
Cost effective because of abundance
of aggregates in the locality
EFFECTS
Minimal damage like cracks due to
rocking & vibration.
For worst cases crumbling of building
due to poor structural design
RECOMMENDATIONS
C. STEEL
C.1 CHARACTERISTICS
C.2 EFFECTS
C.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
D.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
II.
possible
ROOFING SYSTEM
A. Types (Gable, Hip, Shed, Curved)
A.1 Effect
to
A.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
B.1 EFFECTS
DIRECT PRESSURE
DRAG
SUCTION
ROCKING, BUFFERING
VIBRATION
CLEAN-OFF EFFECT
storage,
preparation,
distribution
c)
management
of
Location
Water Requirements
Depends
on:
food
type, social as well
as cultural norms
7.5-15 litres per day
should
be
safely
stored
in
is
particularly
important.
Food Safety
Vaccinations
The organization of a vaccination campaign requires good
management ability and technical knowledge. Responsibilities
for each component of the vaccination program rest with the
Health Unit. The Health Units Vaccine Preventable Diseases
Program is experienced in setting up vaccination clinics and
managing immunization needs.
hand
hygiene
vomiting
diarrhea
rash
People with any of the above conditions should be admitted to
the evacuation centre only after appropriate medical evaluation
and care. Evacuation centre staff should be actively and
regularly asking residents of the centre about the presence of
above syndromes in order to identify illness. Residents of the
centre should be instructed to report any of the above conditions
to the centre staff, in order to consult health authorities in a
timely fashion.
Evacuation centre staff with any of the above symptoms should
not work in the centre, but should seek medical evaluation by
their own healthcare provider for assessment and clearance prior
to returning to work.
If a communicable disease is identified in a person already
residing at the centre, the ill individual(s) should be separated
from other residents or transferred to a special accommodation
centre or sick bay (see Section 6.5). A separate area or room
to house potentially infectious people should be identified in
advance. If several people with similar symptoms are identified,
they may be housed together in one area. However, beds should be
separated by at least 2 metres and preferably screened. A
dedicated toilet facility should be identified and reserved for
use of the ill individuals only.
More than one separate area may be needed if more than one
illness is identified in the population. For example, an area
for people with an enteric illness and another area for people
with respiratory illness. Each separate area will have to have
health staff cohorted to monitor and care for the people housed
there. (Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, 2009).
Ensure that the area is kept clean and appropriately supplied.
Each evacuation centre should have a clear plan for
transferring individuals with potentially infectious diseases
from the centre to an appropriate sick bay, either within the
centre or nearby. The sick bay should ideally be a room where the
sick person can be isolated. Ill individuals with respiratory
symptoms should wear a surgical mask if in close proximity to
others while awaiting evaluation or transfer. A waiting area
should be designated that is separate from the main centre living
areas, but which can be closely monitored by centre staff. A
system for identifying and notifying the staff at the receiving
be
in
place.
Hand
hygiene
stations
must
be
will
be
Injury
The health information system should identify any
injuries related to the evacuation centre and implement
injury prevention programs to minimize the risk of injury in
evacuees.
Hygiene Promotion
Hand Hygiene
It is important for residents to wash their hands
regularly and to dry them with a paper towel to avoid illness.
Staff and residents should wash their hands with soap and
running water for at least 10 seconds after using the toilet
and before handling food. Alcohol-based hand cleanser is an
effective addition to hand washing and a reasonable temporary
substitute when soap and clean water are not readily available.
Evacuation centres are likely to have limited availability
of and/or accessibility to sinks for hand washing. Therefore,
additional attention should be paid to positioning alcoholbased hand cleanser dispensers in convenient locations, such
as:
the entrance to the facility,
throughout the living areas (depending on the size of the
venue),
at the beginning of food service lines and
in toilet facilities.
Ensure all arriving residents are instructed on their use
and availability.
Hand hygiene messages are provided in Appendix 4 and 6.
Sample posters are also provided for information. Posters are
available from the Health Unit.
(e.g.
blood
glucose
monitor,
Climate Adaptation
Climate scientists have been speaking out for decades about
the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to avoid a
significantly warmer and less livable future. Now that climate
change is finally part of the public discussion, the future is
already
hereand
its
only
getting
warmer.
Designing
energy-
warming.
We
need
to
redouble
these
effortsthe
2030
that
approximately
global
1.5F
average
(0.8C)
temperatures
since
before
have
the
risen
Industrial
question
in
the
scientific
community
seems
to
be
not whether we will see change but how much we will see. The
confidence
that
something
is
going
to
happen
is
exceedingly
meters of sea level rise we will see and what the changes in
rainfall will look like, Schneider told EBN. He suggests that
the extent of change depends on a few primary factors, including
the
speed
with
which
the
climate
responds
to
varying
precipitation
will
decline;
longer,
hotter,
and
more
of
warming
that
cause
further
warming,
such
as
Oceanic
and
Atmospheric
Administration
(NOAA),
and
be
largely
The
irreversible
authors
for
1,000
emphasized
years after
that
if
emissions
atmospheric
reach
600
ppm,
and
0.6
to
1.9
meters
(2475
inches)
if
political
climate,
we
cannot
stop
greenhouse
gas
impacts
municipalities
have
will
of
begun
be
necessary
climate
to
to
change
incorporate
avoid
far
elsewhere.
climate
more
Some
adaptation
that
adaptation
initiatives
will
take
time
and
be
few
degreesand
mitigate
what
you
cant
adapt
to.
are
many
climate.
ways
The
in
which
strategies
we
can
described
plan
today
below
for
provide
adaptation
frequent
waves
heat
increase
heat-related
strategies
differ
strategy.
raise
demands
deaths
markedly
Longer,
for
and
by
hotter,
and
air-conditioning
injuries.
climatewhat
more
and
Heat-adaptive
makes
sense
in
exterior
shading
devices
above
glazing,
specify
equipment. The
higher
the
efficiency
of
lighting,
office
is
generated.
In
general,
equipment
choices
are
less
energy
performance
with
higher
cooling
design
temperatures.
With a climate that is projected to become warmer, cooling
design temperatures used in energy modeling should be raised.
This will help to justify higher investments in cooling-loadavoidance measures. (Were still likely to see cold winters, so
dont raise the heating design temperatures.)
Provide landscaping to minimize cooling requirements.
Trees, vines, annuals, and green roofs can all help control
heat gain and minimize cooling demands on a building. Carefully
designed landscaping can also help to channel cooling breezes
into buildings to enhance natural ventilation. Involve landscape
architects or designers at the earliest stage of planning with a
urban
heat
islands
in
building
design
and
landscaping.
It
is
not
unusual
for
urban
heat
islands
to
maintain
membranes
or
coatings,
(higher-albedo)
and
pavement
installation
and
walkway
of
light-
surfaces.
strategies
are
most
effective
with
widespread
implementation.
Plan for termite ranges extending north. Termite ranges are
extending north, so measures to exclude or control these insects
should be implemented in the northern U.S. and parts of Canada
(see EBN Sept. 2000).
Drought and water shortages
Changes in precipitation patterns are an expected outcome of
climate change, so designing for drought is a high priority in
many regions. Even in places that receive relatively high levels
of precipitation, such as the southeastern U.S., drought can
occur, as we learned in 2007 when Lake Lanier, the Atlanta areas
primary water source, shrank to historically low levels. Places
that have not traditionally had to deal with drought are less
prepared
to
respond.
commonly
imposed
during
Emergency
drought,
water-use
but
there
restrictions
are
design-
are
and
planning-related measures that can reduce the risk and lessen the
difficulty or long-term impacts of response.
Avoid new development in the driest regions. An obvious, but
remarkably rare, response to expected water shortages and drought
is
to
restrict
affected.
new
development
California
has
in
areas
provision
most
requiring
likely
to
be
developers
of
is
issued.
It
is
likely
that
much
broader
building
fixture
or
appliance
from
central
manifold,
allows
is
not
permitted
today,
it
makes
sense
to
plumb
to
critically
facilitate
important
gravity
during
distributionwhich
power
outages
or
can
be
emergency
native,
climatically
appropriate
trees
and
other
vegetation.
Conventional
turf
requires
about
40
inches
(1
m)
of
to
droughts.
the
Such
local
practice
climate
is
and
often
able
to
referred
survive
to
periodic
as xeriscaping.
irrigated
with
harvested
rainwater
or
graywater
regulations allow.
More intense storms, flooding, and rising sea levels
as
local
hurricanes
on
the
Gulf
Coast
and
Eastern
To
landscapes
complicate
less
able
to
matters,
absorb
development
rainfall,
has
says
made
our
architect
Don
term,
we
need
to
prepare
for
rising
sea
levels
and
regulations,
meaning
that
simply
following
the
law
to
100-year
seeking
civil
floods,
consider
engineering
or
designing
surveyor
to
500-year
assistance
as
needed.
Expand storm water management capacity and rely on natural
systems.
More intense storms will strain the capacity of standard
storm
water
management
infrastructure
in
some
areas.
Provide
on
natural
features,
constructed
wetlands,
and
other
walls
to
resist
shear
and
lateral
forces
using
installing
continuous
roof
underlayment;
properly
can
destroying
allow
it.
floodwaters
Flood
vents
to
pass
(permanent
under
openings
house
in
without
foundation
minimize
mechanical
damageand
equipment,
dangerfrom
electrical
panels,
flooding,
and
other
elevate
equipment
from
construction
of
levees
and
flood
walls
to
certain
climates
and
ecosystems,
climate
change
will
particularly
vulnerable
to
wildfire,
because
wind-blown
embers can enter attics through gaps in the tile. To reduce risk,
a Class A assembly rating, for roofing, which addresses both
the roofing and underlying components, should be specified (based
on ASTM E-108 testing). Complex rooflines with dormers, valleys,
and
other
architectural
features
increase
risk
because
pine
needles and other debris accumulate in these places and can catch
fire from blowing embers.
Eliminate gutters or design and maintain them to minimize
fire risk.
Embers can quickly ignite pine needles and other debris
caught
in
assembly.
gutters,
Both
which
metal
can
and
then
vinyl
impinge
gutters
on
are
the
roof-edge
problematic
to
fire.
Eliminating
gutters
and
providing
moisture
cleaning
of
gutters
by
homeowners
is
of
paramount
importance.
Avoid vented roofs or protect vents from ember entry.
Embers entering a roof through soffit vents are one of the
leading causes of home ignition during wildfires. The best option
is to designand carefully buildan unvented (or hot) roof; great
care is required to control air leakage and moisture entry. Where
vents are used in wildfire areas, maximum 18" (3 mm) screening
should be used, but even this can admit some embers. Specialized
soffit venting products are available to minimize risk. While
some
wildfire
design
guides
suggest
limiting
roof
overhangs
(soffit depths) because they can trap pockets of heated air, this
conflicts with moisture-control benefits of deep overhangs, and
the Berkeley Center for Wildfire Research and Outreach recommends
maintaining deep overhangs.
Install
high-performance,
tempered
windows. Window
glass
breakage
during
fire
than
single-glazed
windows,
and
decks
are
fairly
vulnerable
to
fires
options
include
fiber-cement
siding,
metal
by
treating
it
with
an
exterior
fire-
retardant chemical.
Manage
fire-safe
vegetation
around
landscaping
homes. In
around
home
wildfire-prone
is
very
areas,
important.
maintaining
firefighter
access
around
the
house;
measure
should
not
be
required
in
most
places.
See
power
plants
results
in
rolling
blackouts
or
brownouts.
of
the
key
tenets
of passive
survivability,
detailed
design
criterion
strategies
include
known
an
as
passive
extremely
survivability.
Specific
high-performance
building
etc.),
cooling-load-avoidance
features,
natural
mechanical
systems
to
operate
on
DC
power. If
site-generated
electricity
from
renewable
solar
Especially
or
that
hot
water. Install
appropriate
rely
on
are
integral
solar
systems
water-heating
that
photovoltaic
can
operate
modules
to
In
urban
and
suburban
sun. Site-generated
areas,
electricity
and
maintain
access
solar-thermal
to
energy
the
will
and
general
shortages
Providing
functionality
through
during
effective
high-density,
power
municipal
outages
planning
pedestrian-friendly,
or
and
mixed-use
of
of
these
strategies
climate
change
are
for
adapting
relatively
buildings
to
the
straightforwardand
be
far
more
complex,
requiring
significant
cultural
and
but
must
transportation
function
systems,
new
without
petroleum.
agricultural
Alternate
practices
and
food
in
way
that
simply
building
better
buildings
reduce
building
operating
costs
or
improve
durability,
IV.
V.
VI.
The Project
potentials:
site
has
the
following
development
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The stated Project requirements are as follows.
Should the requirements exceed the development controls
and potentials under items VI and VII above, the
necessary adjustments have to be made to fully comply
with the stated development controls.
2.
accessibility features (disabled);
3.
site
perimeter
security
features
e.g.
perimeter wall/ fence, gate, pedestrian/ vehicular
barriers, guard outpost (as necessary), etc.;
4.
pedestrian access systems;
5.
open parking, driveway and parking ramps (as
needed);
6.
ground-mounted signage locations (if any);
7.
call out/indicate areas to be landscaped
(hardscape and softscape);
8.
the area of the building footprint and its
percentage with respect to the 1,800 sqm TLA;
9.
The street, particularly the sidewalks;
10. The adjoining land uses; and indicate the
northing and the directions of the sun path, the
major winds (habagat and amihan), sources of noise
and odors and available views (if any are clearly
identifiable).
BUBBLE DIAGRAM
RESCUE CENTER
RESTROO
M
OFFICES
LOBBY
SLEEPING
QUATERS
RESCUE EQUIPMENTS
STORAG
E
BUBBLE DIAGRAM
LOCAL WEATHER STATION
LOBBY
OFFICES
SLEEPING
QUARTERS
STORA
GE
RESTROO
M
BUBBLE DIAGRAM
EVACUATION CENTER
ISOLATION
ROOM
HANDRESTR
WASH OOM
AREA
LAUDR
CLINIC
Y
AREA
KITCHEN / FOOD
PREPARATION
EATING AREA
AREA
ADMINISTRATI
REGISTRATIO STORAGE/U
STAIR
ON OFFICE UP N
TILITY
DISINFECTING
AREA
BUBBLE DIAGRAM
EVACUATION CENTER
HANDWASH
AREA
BATHROOM /
SHOWER ROOM
STAIR
DOWN
STAFF
S
AREA